002ARCHIST-CHAPTER2
Transcript of 002ARCHIST-CHAPTER2
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ARCH 514 | History of Filipino ArchitectureSlideshow developed by: Arch. Edeliza V. Macalandag, UAPBohol Island State University | College of Architecture & Engineering
Vernacular Architecture
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Defining the Vernacular
Vernacular, what?
Indigenous
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Defining the Vernacular
Vernacular, what?
Folk
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Defining the Vernacular
Vernacular, what?
Tribal
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Defining the Vernacular
Vernacular, what?
Ethnic
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Defining the Vernacular
Vernacular, what?
Traditional
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Defining the Vernacular
Vernacular, what?
TraditionalEthnicTribalFolkIndigenous
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Defining the Vernacular
Vernacular, what?
Civilization
Barbarism
CultivatedPrimal
Primitive
AnonymousIndigenous
Non-Western
Western
FolkEthnic
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Defining the Vernacular
Vernacular, what?
• From Latin, vernaculus, means native.• Vernacular Architect refers to the grammar, syntax, and diction
in expressing buildings in a locale, while signifying the diverse range of building traditions in a region.
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Defining the Vernacular
5 Principal Features of Vernacular Architecture1. The builders, whether artisans or those planning to live in the
buildings, are non-professional architects or engineers.2. There is constant adaptation, using natural materials, to the
geographical environment.3. The actual process of construction involves intuitive thinking,
done without the use of blueprints, and is open to later modifications.
4. There is balance between social/economic functionality and aesthetic features.
5. Architectural patters and styles are subject to a protracted evolution o traditional styles specific to an ethnic domain.
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Vernacular Architecture
All forms of vernacular architecture are built to meet specific needs, primary of which is the accommodation of values, economies and ways of living of the culture that produced them.
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Vernacular Architecture
Beyond the basic requirements of shelter, they stand as paradigms of man-made order constructed in response to a tangible and immediate world of nature.
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Vernacular Architecture
The building technology developed by the vernacular tradition is sustained through independent evolution and accumulation of local wisdom. Vernacular architecture:
1. embodies the communal2. symbolizes the cultural, and3. concretizes the abstract
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Vernacular Balai
The vernacular balai is the "pure, Southeast Asian type of domestic architecture found in the non-Hispanized, non-Anglo-Saxon communities around the country" - Ma. Corazon A. Hila, "The Ethnic Balai: Living in Harmony with Nature", Balai Vernacular (1992)
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The balai is viewed as the origin of Philippine traditional architecture.
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Vernacular Balai
Austronesian ancestry is manifested in its archetypal tropical characteristics:
• Elevated floor• Buoyant rectangular
volume• Raised pile foundation• Voluminous thatched roof
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Austronesian Building Heritage and theAquatic Cultural Network of Asia-Pacific
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Austronesian Building Heritage and the Aquatic Cultural Network of Asia-Pacific
Coastal Tausug House
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The Austronesian House
Lexically reconstructed forms of these various house terms are (Robert Blust, 1987):• rumag• balay• lepaw• kamalir• banua
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The Austronesian House
Rumaq- Most widely distributed term for ‘house’- Iban, Gerai, Minangkabau (rumah) and Rotinese vocabulary- similar to Badjao stilt house, luma
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The Austronesian House
Balay- house in Isneg, Cebuano (Philippines)- public meeting house in Malay languages- reflexes also mean house- Fijian, vale- Samoan, fale,- Hawaiian, hale
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The Austronesian House
Lepaw- storehouse for grain (Ngaju, lepau)- hut other than longhouse (Uma Juman, lepÔ)- back verandah or kitchen verandah of Malay House (Malay, lepau)- long, slow moving houseboat with no outrigger (Badjao, lepa)
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The Austronesian House
Kamalir- granary, storehouse, barn (Philippines, kamalig or kamarin)- Oceanic language, men’s house
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The Austronesian House
Banua- house in Malayo-Polynesian languages:
- Toraja, banua- Banggai, bonua- Wolio, banua- Molima, vanua- Wosi-Mana, wanua
- more reflexes, denotes it as: land, country, place, settlement, inhabited territory, village
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Naga: Austronesian Water Symbol
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Stilt Houses: An Austronesian Legacy
Coastal Tausug House
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The Raised Pile Foundation
Ifugao fale
Some advantages of Pile Foundations:• Piles raise the living floor above the mud and flood waters• Provide excellent under-floor ventilation• Small fire lit under the house drive mosquitoes away• Make housework easy
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Voluminous Thatch Roof
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Voluminous Thatch Roof
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Traditional Materials and Construction Techniques
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Traditional Materials and Construction Techniques
Structures without nails (pegging, wedging, binding)
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The House as Ritually Ordered Space
Tausug houses line coastal areas of the Sulu archipelago in Mindanao
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Regional House Types
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Monsoon Frontiers: Ivatan Houses
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Monsoon Frontiers: Ivatan Houses
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Monsoon Frontiers: Ivatan Houses
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Monsoon Frontiers: Ivatan Houses
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Monsoon Frontiers: Ivatan Houses
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Cordillera Houses
William Henry Scott’s Classification of Cordillera Houses
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Isneg HouseCordillera Region
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Isneg HouseCordillera Region
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Kalinga Octagonal HouseCordillera Region
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Kalinga Octagonal HouseCordillera Region
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Kalinga Octagonal HouseCordillera Region
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Kalinga Rectangular House
Cordillera Region
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Bontoc House (afong/ katyufong)
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Bontoc House (afong/ fayu)
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Bontoc House
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Ifugao House (fale)
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Ifugao House
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Ifugao House
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Ifugao House
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Halipan, Ifugao House
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Kankanay House
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Bontoc House
Lowland Vernacular Dwellings: The Bahay Kubo
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Bontoc House
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Organic Materials for Indigenous Constructions
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References
Lico, Gerard (2008). Arkitekturang Filipino: A History of Architecture and Urbanism in the Philippines. Quezon City: The University of the Philippines Press.