Computer Organization

and Architecture

Background and

Logistics

Yanmin Zhu

yzhu@cs.sjtu.edu.cn

Top 10 Significant Inventions in the

Recent Half Century

• 1. Computer

• 2. Internet

• 3. Mobile Phone

• 4. Satellite

• 5. Rice

• 6. Color TV

• 7. Credit Card

• 8. Email

• 9. Prophylactic

• 10. Laser

Source: 中新网

Variety of Computers

Server Desktop

NotebookPad

Printer Router

Wireless Router

Mobile Phone

CarPlane

Cluster

Supercomputer

Classes of Computers

• Desktop computers—General purpose, variety of software

—Subject to cost/performance tradeoff

• Server computers—Network based

—High capacity, performance, reliability

—Range from small servers to building sized

• Embedded computers—Hidden as components of systems

—Stringent power/performance/cost constraints

The Processor Market

embedded growth >> desktop growth

Evolvement of computer systems

6

Petaflop

Teraflop

Gigaflop

TOP500, Nov. 2010

Tian-He, No 1

• Ranked No. 1 in Nov. 2010.

• Peak performance:4.7 Petaflops

• 1-day’s Computation equals 620-year’s computation of an average desktop computer

• 2PB storage• 4000 KW• size

— 140 Racks, 1.45m*1.2m*2m

— Line up in 13 rows— 700 square meters— Weighing 160 tons

Jaguar, No. 2

• Peak performance: 2.33 Petaflops

• # of Processors: 37,376

• Total memory: 299 TB

• Storage: 10 Petabytes

Roadrunner “走鹊”

新墨西哥州州鸟

133 Million US Dollars

Los Alamos National Laboratory

No 1 as of November 2009

Performance Development

1999-2009 Performance

Development

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

Sp

ped

(G

Flo

ps)

时间

Architectures

Chip Technology

Installation Types

TOP500, 2009

TOP500

Supercomputing in China

2009, TOP500, Drowning 5000A is Ranked No. 15

“天河”、“银河”

“曙光”、“神威”、“深腾”等

Sensor Node

• Three capabilities—Information

sensing—Data

processing—Packet

transmission

• Resource constrained—Limited

memory

—Powered by battery

Processor

Power Supply Unit

Sensing

Interface

Accelerator

Temperature

Light

Humidity

Radio

20

Wireless Sensor Networks

A network of tiny sensor nodes closely coupled with the physical world

Internet

Gateway

Sensor Node

Users

Deployment in coal mine tunnels

WSN Prototype

Energy Efficiency

Reliable RoutingMulti-Sink DeploymentGeocasting

Data AggregationCompression Event Detection

Location Sensing ID Assignment

Internet of Things (物联网)

通过射频识别（RFID）、红外感应器、全球定位系统、激光扫描器等信息传感设备，按约定的协议，把任何物品与互联网连接起来，进行信息交换和通讯，以实现智能化识别、定位、跟踪、监控和管理的一种网络。

感知中国

• 2009年8月7日，温家宝总理视察无锡，提出“在激烈的国际竞争中，在无锡加快建立中国的感知中国中心”

• 物联网在工业、农业、电力、交通、物流、环保、水利、安保、家居、教育、医疗、园区等领域“感知”系列物联网应用示范项目

Reflection

• What do different computers share and differ in?

• How can we continuously improve computer performance?

• How do different components work together?

• What are tradeoffs between performance and cost?

24

Course Description and Goal

Understand the unprecedented innovations in computers!

What have been making computers faster and cheaper? And how to continue the innovations?

50 years of non-stop innovation – a technological miracle!

Capacity (memory)

Speed (CPU)

Price

IBM7030

(Stretch)1961

128KB 1.2 MIPS US$13,500,000

Desktop

2010

2G (typical) 3000 MIPS US$800

Course Information

Computer Organization and Architecture

—Credits: 4

—Hours: 68

—1st week to 17th week

•Course Website:

—http://grid.sjtu.edu.cn/yzhu/courses/orgarc_11spring/

Venue and Time

• Wedesday

• Friday

• 3rd -4th class

• 下院109

Instructor

• Yanmin Zhu: Associate Professor

—Wireless Sensor Networks, Ad Hoc Networks, Vehicle Ad Hoc Networks, Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing

—Distributed and Parallel Systems,, and Policy-based Management for Distributed Systems

• Contact—Web: http://grid.sjtu.edu.cn/yzhu—Email: yzhu@cs.sjtu.edu.cn—Mobile: 135 2442 1842—电院5号楼东A303“973 WSN Research Lab”

Textbook

• Computer Organization and Architecture Designing for Performance (7th ed.)

• 计算机组织与结构—性能设计（第七版 影印版）

—William Stallings

• 高等教育出版社

• Price: ￥55.00

• Available at the Department. You can borrow one from there

Internet Resources

• http://WilliamStallings.com/COA/COA7e.html

— links to sites of interest

— links to sites for courses that use the book

—errata list for book

— information on other books by W. Stallings

• http://WilliamStallings.com/StudentSupport.html

—Math

—How-to

—Research resources

—Misc

Reference Books

• Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface, 4th Edition, David A. Patterson, John L. Hennessy

• Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, 4th

Edition, John L. Hennessy, David A. Patterson

Course Grading

• Examinations—Mid-term exam (20%)—Final exam (40%)

• Quizzes (20%)

• Project (10%)

• Homeworks (10%)