0 Nigvekar Executive Summary

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F.No. 26/29/2014-E.I (B)UnionPublic Service CommissionShahjahan Road, Dholpur House,New Delhi-110069Dated: 5th March, 2014

To, Shri Mrunal Patel,mrunal.orgSubject: - Information sought under RTI Act, 2005 regarding.

Sir,

Please refer to your letter dated 26/02/2014 (R. No.DoP T/R/20l3/61r5804), seeking a copy of Prof. A. S. Nigavekar CommitteeReport under the RTI Act, 2005. A copy of Nigavekar Committee Report isenclosed against payment of INR 462/-.2. Shri Sanjay Mehrishi, Joint Secretary, Union Public Service Commission,Dholpur House, Shahjahan Road, New Delhi is the Appellate Authority underSection 19(1) of RTIAct, 2005.

Copy to: RTI Cell with a Bank Draft No. 044278 dated 26/02/2014 of Rs.

Yours faithfully,/Encl: A/a

(Dr. Kulbir Sin i)Joint Director CPIO462/- is enclosed for necessary action.

> Guard file


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Committee onCivil Services Examination UNION PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONmi7-tVp 3T >n-,T-TiDHOLPUR HOUSE, SHAHJAHAN ROAD,trterq? eT5fr, ?rrGT?i ?te

110 069 /New Delhi-110 069fjrftef $37 'W WTRf Tf *?f3rfrrAugust 30, 2012

The Chairman,Union Public Services Commission,New Delhi-110069

Dear Chairman,Please find herewith the Report of the Committee on Civil Services

Examination Reforms. We are grateful to you and Union Public ServicesCommission for the facilities extended to us to undertake ou r work.

With regards,Yours sincerely

(Arun Nigavekar)\

(Yogendra Narain) (Prakash Chandra)

(Rathindra Nath Datta) (Priyankar Upadhyaya)

(RakestrftucharGupta)


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JJ3 CONTENTS333 Content Page.Number

xVeknowledgement 1Executive summary 2-11Chapter - ; Introduction 12-25Chapter - 2 ; The need for formation of the Committee and the job entrusted to it 26-37Chapter- 3 : Feedback/inputs received by the Committee from various stakeholders/sources

38-55Chapter - 1 : Problems envisaged with the existing scheme of examination 56-86Chapter - 5 :Proposed framework in the light;of terms of reference placed before theCommittee 87-95Chapter - 6 :Recommendations and conclusions 96-131.

AnnexureNumber

Topic PageNumber

I Summary of interactions of the Committee with some eminent personsand Workshops held in different Zones of India 132-168II A brief summary of reports about the system being followed in variouscountries including the U.N. with respect to recruitment of CivilServants.169-180

II I A brief summary of reports received from various Indian Embassiesregarding procedures followed for recruitment of Civil Servants in thosecountries, namely, China, Australia and United Nations181-188

AppendixNumber Topic PageNumberI The existing scheme of Civil Services Examination 189-195II Notice of formation of Committee 196-197III A written feedback given by Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, Former PresidentofIndia 198-199IV List of Services included in the Civil Services Examination 200-201V The status of English Language as a Compulsory paper in Class-X in

various States/Education Boards of India202

VI.

Data fo r English and Indian Language (Compulsory) failure rate in lastfew years' CS(M) Examination. 203


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D330DJ

TabicNumber Content PageNumber

1 Suggestions given by flic: candidates called for Personality 1'esi. of CiviSendees Examination, 2011 1 204-216

2.1 Community-wise Age Profile of the Candidates Appeared in Personalit]Test of Civil Services Examination, 2007-2011 2172.2 Community-wise Age Profile of the Candidates Recommended in theCivil Services Examination, 2007-2011 2183 Number of Attempts made by the Candidates Appeared andRecommended in the Civil Services Examination, 2007-2011 21 94.1 Marks obtained at Graduate Level by those candidates who appeared inPersonality Test of Civil Services Examination,2007-2011 2204.2 Marks obtained at Graduate Level by those candidates who haverecommended in Personality Test of Civil Services Examination, 2007-2011

221

5.1 Top 10 'Most Effective Optional Subjects in Civil ServicesExamination, 2011 2225.2 Top 10 Most Preferred Optional Subjects in Civil ServicesExamination,2007-2011 2236 Top 10 Most Effective Optional Subjects Combination in CivilServices Examination,2007-2011 224

7.1 Crossed Domain : Break-up of same/different optional subjects taken inCivil Services Examination from those studied in College/University bythe Candidates Appeared in the Personality Test of Civil ServicesExamination,2007-2011225

7.2 Crossed Domain :Break-up of same/different optional subjects taken inCivil Services Examination from those studied in College/University bythe Candidates Recommended in the Personality Test of Civil ServicesExamination,2007-2011

226

8 Medium opted by the candidates appeared for Written Examination andInterview of Civil Services Examination, 2007 -2011 227

DiagramNumber

Content PageNumberI Community-wise Age Profile of the Candidates appeared inPersonality Test of Civil Services Examination, 201 1 59

II Community-wise Age Profile of the Candidates recomthe Civil Services Examination,2011 mended in 60III Number of Attempts made by the Candidates recomthe Civil Services Examination,2011 mended in 65IV Crossed Domain : Break-up of same/different: optional subjectstaken in Civil Sendees Examination from those studied inCollege/University by the Candidates appeared in the PersonalityTest of Civil Sendees Examination, 201 1

67

V Marks obtained at Graduate Level by those candidates whoappeared in Personality Test of Civil Services Examination, 201 1 81VI Top 10 Most Effective Optional Subjects in CiviExamination, 20 11 1 Services 81VII Top 10 MostEffective Optional Subjects Combination in CivilServices Examination, 2011 z to cc


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Union Public Services Commission constituted this Committee in

To identify the desired profile including the skill sets for the C ivilServants to enable them to deliver good governance in the fast changingdomestic and global socio-economic and technological scenario.

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December, 2011 with the mandate to suggest reforms in the existing CivilSendees Examination to enable selection of candidates having the desiredprofile and skill sets in accord with the contemporary imperatives. Thestipulated mandate of this Committee was as follows:-

. .o To study the various selection methods currently in vogue globally forselection of Civil Servants.

To propose appropriate mechanisms and methodologies for selectingcandidates with desired profile and skill sets indicated above suited to

Indian context for the next decade.

* To recommend the role of the Commission in the assessment ofperformance of the candidates recommended by it during and at the endof the mandatory training period and in particular, where suchassessments have the effect of altering the initial merit orderrecommended by the Commission as aiso where it is proposed to extend

o To recommend a system for evaluation of the effectiveness of selectionmethodology adopted by the Commission and the periodicity in whichcorrective action, if any, may be made in the selection methodology forensuring that it keeps pace with the changing requirements of theServices.

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or terminate the probation of a direct recruit on the basis of unsuitabiiityfor Civil Service;

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Any other issue which the Committee may feel relevant to the process ofselection of Civil Servants for the country.The process of Civil Services reform has a long lineage. The present

process of reform began with the committee led by S.K.Khanna, former ViceChairman, . UGC, mandated to suggest reforms in the Civil Services(Preliminary) Examination. As per the recommendation of KhannaCommittee, necessary reforms were brought into the scheme of Civil Services(Preliminary) Examination from the year 2.011.2. The task of the present committee was to follow up desired changes indie subsequent stages not covered by die earlier committee with particularreference to the Civil Services (Main) Examination.

. . 3. In the process of its long deliberations, the committee held workshopsin different parts of the country and interacted with various stakeholders andeminent persons. The committee also requisitioned a study/survey into theexisdng recruitment policies of various countries by a Professor of IIT Delhi.The study covered Canada, USA, UK, France,Australia and United Nations.4. Civil Service Examination re fo rms is indeed a complex issue. Itinvolves large number of aspirants (currendy over 5 lakhs) coming from diversebackground, and a long examination cycle spreading over more than one year.The present scheme of examination has 55 optional subjects, and allows thecandidates to use any one amongst 22 languages as medium of writtenexamination as well as interview. The present testing paradigm is complex andat the same time is sensitive, since it is linked with hopes and aspirations of alarge number of aspirants. The Commission is therefore required to work on avery critical platform with utmost care.

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5. 1'hc Committee is conscious of the fact: that; a civil servant selected todaywill serve till 2050 in most of: the cases. We have, therefore, to examine theskill sets and the desired profile keeping this fact in mind.

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6. The Committee feels that the desired profile should be as follows:-a) The civil servant selected must be a visionary, able to think of the future,

possessing self confidence which a leader must , always have. :b) He/She should be aware of the socio-economic polity in which the

country is existing including its very dense cultural polity. He/Sheshould be impartial in his/her approach irrespective of die social andclass structure he/she comes from.

c) He/Shc must possess ability to inter face with modern technology whichcould provide many solutions at the cutting edge.

d) He/She must have a sense of rugged professionalism, persistence anddoggedness in pursuit of the desired objectives and be imbued with thecourage of conviction. He must be creative in his approach andinnovative in problem solving coupled with the critical ability ofselectivity in assimilation.

e) He/She must have a compassion for the underprivileged coupled withan ethical approach, a sense of fair play and honesty, and should be abeliever in the principles of natural justice as well as human rights.

f) He/She must be willing to learn coupled with an open and broadminded approach to life.

g) He/She must have a scientific and rational approach to life.h) He/She must possess love for the environment at the same time keeping

a balance between environment and development.i) He/She must have a live interest in local as well as global events.

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vTh:e committee recommends rliat there shx>Hdebe. ho.numnrur. i j .age foreligibility. However, the maximum age fo r the candidates should be 25years with 05 years relaxation forSC/ST candidates and 03 years for- theOBC category candidates. Other existing relaxations for the Disabled,Special Category etc. should be retained.

3.' A candidate may be. allowed only three attempts for the civil servicesExamination irrespective of die category he/she belongs to. An attemptshould be counted as soon as a candidate is admitted to the civil services(preliminary) examination and is issued an admit card.

4. The Application Form issued by the UPSC should contain elaboratedetails of each of die services and also state die principles on die basis ofwhich service/ cadre allocation are made.

5. The Main Examination will consist of the Following papers:PaperNo: Description Marks RemarksI Indian Language Paper (Anyof the Indian Languages givenin the Eighth schedule of theConstitution and approved bythe Commission).

250 Language. paper willconsist of(i) Essay.(ii) Comprehension.(iii) Precis.

II English Language Paper. 250 Language paper willconsist of(i) Essay.(ii) Comprehension.(iii) Precis.

III India - History,Geographyand Society 250IV India - Constitution, Polityand InternationalRelations 250V

...

India - Economy,Development and 250

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Technology : - \ VI India-- - Social Justice andProbity in Governance 250. .

VH . Optional Subject (Paper 1) 250VIII (Paper 2) 250Personality Test (Interview) 300

TOTAL 2300'* -Note:1. Marks in Language papers (Paper Iand II) paper will count for die GrandTally of Marks on the basis of which merit will he fixed. A candidate mustalso obtain qualifying marks in each language paper as fixed by theCommission to qualify for selection.2. The recommended syllabus fo r die Papers III, IV, V and VI is given atdie end of Chapter-6.3. There would be two papers (Paper VII and VIII) in one optionalsubject chosen by the candidate.4 (a) For this optional subject, die candidate can choose any of diesubjects included in a given group of optional subjects, which matches utmost closely correlates with die main/core subject(s) studied by him/her atgraduation or the subject studied by him/her at die post graduation level.4 (b) In case a candidate holds only a general pass course degree at diegraduate level, he may be allowed to indicate any of die subjects in whichhe/she has been examined by the University as the suhis choice of optional subject can be exercised. The cindicate his/her choice of optional subject out of thegiven below, which matches or most closely ccchosen/indicated subject studied in the University.4(c) In case of any difficulty or doubt regarding

jject based on whichmdidate should thengroup of subjects, asrrelates to his/her

die group of subjectcorrelating to his/her chosen subject, the decision of tie Commission shall


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- . . he . final. Qmurpsiou may issue -suitable clarifkLions'/gCiideliiie:? vin-iTiiis

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regard.

, 4(d): In the casc of candidates from North Eastern region, who are'2, exempted from- appearing in die Indian 1anguagep-aper af present, the marks3 . obtained by him/her in the English language*paper would be doubled for parity purpose tr die grand total of marks.

5. The group of opdonal subjects is as follows:j Group 1

Agriculture, Animal Husbandry Veterinary ScienceGroup 2Botany, Zoology, Medical Science

Group 3Physics, Chemistry, Madiematics, Statistics, Civil Engineering,h Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Geology,Group 4J> Andiropology, Sociology, History, Philosophy, Psychology, Poliucal

D Science International Relations, GeographyGroup 5 .Literature of any one of the following Languages; Arabic, Assamese,Bodo, Bengali, Chinese, Dogri, English, French, German, Gujarati,Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, IConkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri,Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Pali, Persian, Punjabi, Russian, Sanskrit, Santali,Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu.Group 6


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V Commerce Accountancy, Management, Economics, PublicAdministration, Law 3

-) 6. Those selected lor Interview will be asked to submit a Personal Narrative in advance. This Personal Narrative may be autobiographical in3 nature where candidates can briefly discuss their personal history and reasonsj for aspiring to join civil services. He/ she may also elaborate his/ her academic.0 non-academic and practical experience which may help him/her in being aC successful civil servant. He /she may discuss his/her success or failure in

managing specific/unusual situations, if any. The personal narrative should beV considered by die Interview Board and specific questions can be asked from it.' Further, a fine tuning of the Interview process by structuring die Interview is

necessary in which candidates are awarded marks specifically on various facetsof dieir personality.7. A candidate may be allowed to review his service options within onemonth of joining the Foundation Course. Allotment of sendee and cadreshould be made by the government before the Foundation Course ends.Counseling for die various services should be given in die first two weeks ofdie Foundation Course.

V> 8. Once the candidate is selected for a service and he/she joins, he/sheniay be given only one more chance to appear in the examination if he/she is

T otherwise eligible for appearing. For this, -die candidate may be permitted leaveT and may be allowed to retain his/her seniority.

9. After the candidate has completed his/her training (including diefoundation course) he/she will be assessed by the training institutions. Thiswould include his assessment during the course of training as well as his/her

~\ performance in a written examination conducted by die training institution /academy at the end of training. The marks based on his/her overall training

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* . * - . Io .V O - . .... -performance, including the eminaiions at th.u-tfiid- o-i- .training.period, may be

added on to the -marks obtained in the Civil Services examination for finaldetermination centra sendee seniority in the service.

10. A copy of the annual assessment 7 confidential roll' of .each candidate. * -vA *./ ) will be sent to die UPSC for record and analysis every year. .1.1. The comrniittee feels tliat ven the current fast changing scenario, both

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at the domestic as well as global level, die selection methodology would requirea periodic review once every five years by the UPSC.12. The UPSC should set up a dedicated research centre which can exclusivelyconcentrate on research and development at micro and macro levels in thefollowing areas:W

a) Processes and practices that are followed in the entire mechanismC of inviting applications, conduct of preliminary and main examinations, conduct of interviews and creation of final merit3 list.A

c) Research and development to set up banks of questions of various levels for papers in preliminary and main examinations.

Creation of repository of relevant test materials to evaluate die- behavioral and thought processes of the candidates. This could be done by creating a rich resource of books essays and articles byty eminent authors as well as interaction with prominent subjectty specialists.

d) The processes, methodologies, and the pracuces followed indeveloping, emerging and developed economies across the World,

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b) Deployment of technology to create a repository of questionbanks, and formulation and conduct of online examinations (forpreliminary examination), any time and at any place.


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critically studying aiiH- 'ahalyzirig then? -fur tirfdenritVing commontraits that would cater to the needs, aspirations and expectationsof the public from the present and future civil servants.

h)03'-0 e) The processes that are used globally for- identification and training3 of subject experts that would further enhance the process of creations of questions, their deployment in the conduct ofJ examinations and also open and flexible approach for conduct ofv interviews.5 1) Evolving of methodology fo r collection of data and appropriate

information connected with tire entire process adopted by tireUPSC for selection of candidates and also well defined processxfo r storage and analysis of data and information.

g) Creation of technology platforms, hardware and software, forstorage of data and information.

h The Committee recommends tire establishment of an R D Centre3 within tire UPSC with adequate budgetary provision;., and qualified staff of

researchers to enable it to become a vibrant entity which would play a proactive role of change maker.13. The UPSC should critically and urgently examine the logistics andmechanisms of conducting tire Preliminary Examination pn-line. Full use ofmodern technology should be made.

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