0. Basic Knowledge of Video Surveillance System v1.2

8/9/2019 0. Basic Knowledge of Video Surveillance System v1.2

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Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Basic Knowledge of VideoSurveillance System

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 1

Objectives

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to know:

Video surveillance systems at different development stages.

Typical video surveillance solutions.


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Contents1. Basic Knowledge of Video Surveillance

1.1 Background

1.1.1 Security

1.1.2 Video Surveillance

1.1.3 Security Development Requirements

1.2 Video Surveillance Concept

1.3 Video Surveillance Development

2. Video Surveillance Solution

3. Typical Application Scenarios of Video Surveillance


To satisfy people's growing demands on security, an in-depth analysis of potential security threatshelps promote the development of security protection.

Industrial accidents

Traffic accidents

Equipment accidents City fires...

Terrorist attacks

National defense

Mass incidents Crimes...

Malicious threats

Environmental damages

Chemical pollutions

Forest fires Natural disasters...

Public security Environment security

Accidents Oceans, rivers, forests, and mountains

1.1.1 Security: Important Factor Influential tothe Social Life


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With the social progress, security protection has

evolved from personnel protection and physical

protection to technical protection, that is,

performing security protection with the help of

scientific means.

As video images are instant, accurate, and

contain rich information, video surveillance

becomes undoubtedly the main means of

technical protection.

1.1.2 Video Surveillance: Major Technical

Protection Means


The traditional video surveillance cannot meet the security protection requirements of different

industries and customers unless it is combined with new technologies such as high-definition

(HD) display, intelligent applications, and mobile networks.

Intelligent analysisCompre

hensiveand

intelligentvideosurveillance

Mobile surveillance

Command center

HD videosurveillance

Integrating

abundant

technologies

Applying to

multiplescenarios

Government Frontier defense

Medical serviceFinance

Electric power

Public security

Traffic Petroleum industry

Education

1.1.3 Security Development Requirements


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1.1 Background







Definition

Video surveillance system is an electronic system or network

system using video technology to detect and monitor

specified areas, display and record live video, and retrieve

and playback historical video.

Video surveillance system is a sub-system of security

system.

Video surveillance technology is a part of the security

technology.


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1.1 Background



1.3.1 Analog Video Surveillance System

1.3.2 Digital Video Surveillance System

1.3.3 Networked Video Surveillance System

1.3.4 Intelligent Video Surveillance System




Intelligent video surveillance system Behavior analysis Intelligent search Diverse access methods Millions of cameras

Traditional analog CCTV system Analog cameras Monitor (CRT) Tape Recorder (VCR)

Analog + digital surveillancesystem Analog cameras DVR/DVS Local digital hard disk

storage

Networked video surveillance system Core IP networks Advanced video compression format Integrating new Internet technologies Operation, management, storage functions Thousands of cameras

7070--90s90s

19991999

20042004

20072007

Direction of development: analog -> digital -> network -> intelligent

Current development stage

20102010

First GenerationFirst Generation Second GenerationSecond Generation Third GenerationThird Generation Fourth GenerationFourth Generation



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1.3.1 Analog Video Surveillance System

Problems:

1. Limited transmission distance, applying for small-sizedsurveillance area.

2. Unstable image signals that are easily affected by interference.

3. Weak scalability, high storage costs, and complex maintenancework.

4. Unavailable alarm linkage function.

Advantages:

1. Analog transmission of video signals.

2. Analog storage of video signals.

VCR

Video source Transmission Switch and control

Cable

Control keyboard

Video and audiostorage

Video

display

Matrix

Opticalfiber

Video

display

Opticaltransceiver


Advantages:

1. Simplified system architecture.

2. No limitation on transmission distance (for viewing)

3. Digital image compression, reducing storage costs.

4. Simple network and easy control and management.

Problems:

1. Poor storage security and stability.

2. Dispersed PUs, making it difficult to manage PUs in a unifiedmanner.

3. Difficult to establish a large-scale network and implementremote surveillance.

1.3.2 Digital Video Surveillance System

CU 1 CU12

4/8/16 channel DVR

Audio signals

Video signals

Multiple users can access the DVR

at the same time according tohardware performance

Monitor


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1. The PUs are IP cameras (IPCs) that can perform signal compression coding by itself and output digital signals.

2. The digital signals are transmitted to surveil lance center through IP network.3. The surveillance center manages, forwards, stores, and decodes and displays video signals in a unified manner.

4. The NVR is used for video storage.5. The decoder can convert digital signals into analog signals and output the signals to the video wall.

6. The network keyboard can be used to switch and control the video decoding and display (displaying the video fromany IPC to the video wall and control ling the PTZ)

1.3.3 Networked Video Surveillance System

NVR Network VideoRecorder

Mgt.Server

Switch

IP camera with PTZ

TV wallDecoder

ClientIP box camera

IP dome camera

MediaDistributionServer

Network

Keyboard

NETWORK Switch

StorageServer


Video quality diagnosis

Behavior analysis Facial recognition

Videosurveillance

platform

Client

Alarm center

911

Surveillance center

1. Intelligent video analysis and intelligent alarm linkage.

2. Automatic alarm reporting and alarm linkage.

3. Higher third-party service integration scalability.

4. Change from passive surveillance to active surveillance.

Alarm information

reporting

1.3.4 Intelligent Video Surveillance SystemIntelligent analysis


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Video surveillance

platform

Video

archiving

Frame extraction

storage

Full video

storage

Disk array

Surveillancesite

1. Video buffering ensures v ideo completeness even when PUs are disconnected fr om the eSpace IVS platform.

2. Frame extraction storage based on the specified storage policy helps reduce stored video information and conserve videostorage space.

3. The video archiving function analyzes recorded video that has been stored for a specified time period, and retains only the pre-

alarm, alarm, and post-alarm video segments, conserving video storage space.

4. Only video segments in which movements are detected are available for viewing, w hich saves viewing time and enhances workefficiency.

Video

buffering

Intelligent storage

1.3.4 Intelligent Video Surveillance System


Contents

1. Basic Knowledge of Video Surveillance


2.1 Video Surveillance Products

2.2 Camera Overview

2.3 Huawei PUs

2.4 DVR/DVS

2.5 Network Transmission

2.6 Surveillance Platform

2.7 Surveillance Center



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Huawei Video Surveillance Products

Front end

Analog camera + encoder

DVRVideo server

SD IPC

Infraredbox

wirelesscamera

Super wideDynamic camera

IR dome Dome High speed IRDome camera

HD IPC

HD wide

Dynamic cameraHD camera

LTE wirelesscamera

High speedhemisphere

HD domecamera

High speeddome camera

Platform

NVR6128(128channel))

NVR6016(16 channel)

NVR6032(32 channel)

NVR6008(8 channel)

VCN3000(256channel))

Monitoring

platforms

IVS1.1

Applicationsolutions

Securitymonitoring

Directcenter

Safe city

Urbanroad

Trackmonitoring

Intelligenttransportation

Governmentemergency

Policeemergency

Emergencycommand

Industrialgarden

Airports,campus

Campussecurity

Small platform Media platform Large platform


Contents



2.1 Video Surveillance System Panorama

2.2 Camera Overview

2.2.1 Camera Imaging Principle

2.2.2 Camera Performance Parameters

2.2.3 Camera Classification

2.2.4 Camera Fittings

2.3 Huawei PUs

2.4 DVR/DVS






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Camera

2.2 Camera Overview


2.2.1 Analog Camera

Components:

Lens, image sensor (CCD/CMOS), DSP processor, and circuit system.

Principle:

An object reflects light to the lens, focusing on CCD/CMOS chip. The analog signal

generated by the image sensor is converted into a digital signal through the

analog/digital converter, and then processed by a built-in DSP chip of the camera,

such as gain control, noise reduction, backlight compensation. The processed digital

signal is then converted into an analog signal before the output.

Imagesensor

conversion(A/D)

Gain Backlight Noisereduction

conversion(D/A)

DVSDVR

Signalprocessing

Analogoutput

Analog-digital conversionEncoding compressionStore-and-forward

CCD/CMOS


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2.2.1 IPC

IPC:

IPCs, integrating a variety of functions including video/audio capture, signal

processing, coding compression, intelligent analysis, buffer storage, and network

transmission, can establish a large-scaled and distributed intelligent video surveillance

system in combination with a recording system and a management platform. In terms

of function, an IPC can be regarded as an analog camera plus a DVS.

Principle:

The principle is: The light passes through the lens, enters the sensor, and then is

converted into a digital signal through the analog/digital converter. The built-in signal

processor first processes the digital signal, then the encoding compression chip

performs coding compression on the digital signal, and finally the digital signal is sent

to the network for transmission through a network interface.

ImageSensor

CCD/CMOS

conversion(A/D)

Signalprocessing

Networktransmission

NVR

Signal processing

IP output

Encodingcompression

IP camera


2.2.1 Comparison Between AnalogCameras and IPCs

IPC Analog camera

Core TechnologyPhotosensitive device, video analysis andencoding algorithms, and compression chip

Optical lens and imaging device

Image Quality Megapixels Close to 400,000 pixels

Storage Medium Hard drive Tape recorder or DVR

Connection Mode Network cable Power cable, video cable, and control line

CostsCost-effectiveness in terms ofcomprehensive network establishment

Cost-effectiveness in terms of single-devicepurchase

Scenario Various scenarios with network access Various scenarios

Audio Support Bidirectional audio Not supported

ApplicationLow application rate but showing stronggrowth momentum

Widely used but at decreasing growth rate


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2.2.1 Camera Technical Specifications

Parameter Description

Imagesensor size

The image sensor converts the light signals into electrical charge. Its size determines its

sensitivity to light, thereby determining the image quality. Its aspect ratio is usually 4:3. Thetypical size of the image sensor is 1 inch, 1/2 inch, 1/3 inch, and 1/4 inch.

Definition

Camera definition is represented by lines, divided into horizontal and vertical lines. In practical

application, horizontal lines are often used as the definition indicator. More lines indicate higherdefinition. The definition of a black and white camera is 450600, while the definition of a color

camera is 330480. A larger number indicates a higher definition. Generally, 450-line definition

can meet the requirements of most scenarios. Special scenarios such as medical industry andimage processing may use cameras with 450- line definition to obtain clearer images.

ResolutionImage resolution is represented by the number of points in the horizontal and vertical directions.For example, 1280 x 720, where "1280" indicates 1280 horizontal points and "720" indicates 720

vertical points on the screen. The higher the resolution, the clearer the image.

Lowest

illuminance

Luminance is the measurement of sensitivity unit of a camera (lux), that is, the lowest light

degree under which condition a camera can shoot images. A small value of lux indicates that a

camera can shoot clear images under the corresponding low light condition. While testing the

lowest illuminance value, one must pay attention to the lens aperture size. The smaller the Fvalue, the larger the aperture, and the lower the illuminance requirement. For different apertures,the lowest illuminance values are different.

Signal noiseratio (SNR)

SNR is the ratio of the signal voltage to noise voltage. The noise includes power clutter, random

clutter, and others. SNR is often measured by decibel (dB). Higher signal-to-noise ratio indicatesthat it produces less clutter and ensures higher image quality. The SNR of a CCD camera is

usually 4555 dB. An SNR less than 48 dB produces poor image quality.


2.2.1 Camera Function IndicatorsParameter Description

Automatic Gain

Control (AGC)

Automatic Gain Control (AGC) increases the signal strength of security cameras when the light is

dim, and puts a cap on it when it is bright, which helps keep the output signal consistent. AGC is

used in many different electrical circuits to boost and contro l signals. It is used in video and audiosignals as well. AGC is probably best used in a video security camera for a room that may have a

little lower light than the other rooms in a building. AGC may introduce some "noise" into thevideo signal as well. Noise can appear as static artifacts in the video picture that will distort the

image. Adjusting the AGC becomes important to ensure best video image that can be obtained ina specified scenario.

Automatic White

Balance (AWB)

The basic concept of white balance is: Regardless of light source, a white object is restored as

white. For the color cast phenomenon occurring when a camera shoots images in a particularlight condition,compensation is performed through strengthening the corresponding

complementary color.Backlight

compensation(BLC)

Backlight compensation is video gain done either manually or automatically to correct the

exposure of subjects that are in front of a bright light source.

Wide Dynamic

Range (WDR)

WDR uses special CCD and DSP circuits for brighter regions and darker regions respectively,

and lays out the synthesis of these two pictures together to form an image with normalforeground and background.

Strong Light

Inhibition

The strong light inhibition technology can effectively inhibit the excessive flare caused by the

strong direct rays of light, automatically identify strong points of light, and compensate the nearbyareas of bright parts to obtain a clear image.

Day and Nightmode

In the daytime, the luminance is enough and the color mode is adopted, while at night, theluminance is low. To improve the sensitivity and image quality, the camera automatically changes

to the black and white mode.


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CCD image sensor appearanceCMOS image sensor appearance

Differences between the CCD and CMOS

Parameter CCD CMOS

Photosensitivity High photosensitivity Low photosensitivity

Resolution High resolution Low resolution

SNR High SNR and color reproductionLow SNR and uneven color

reproduction

Sensitivity High sensitivity Low sensitivity

Production costsLower rate of qualified products than

the CMOS and high costsMass production and low costs

Powerconsumption

Driven by external voltage and highpower consumption

Electric charge amplification andlow power consumption

2.2.2 Performance Indicator Image Sensor


Image sensor size

The image sensor size refers to the dimensions (hx v) of the imaging area on the

image sensor. The size of the image sensor must match the lens size, but it is not

related to the resolution. The image sensor dimensions determine the lens size

and field of view.

Image sensor dimensions

The following table lists the image sensor dimensions.

Dimensions 1'' (inch) 2/3'' (inch) 1/2'' (inch) 1/3'' (inch) 1/4'' (inch)

Verticaldimension(v)

9.6 mm 6.6 mm 4.8 mm 3.6 mm 2.7 mm

Horizontaldimension(h)

12.8 mm 8.8 mm 6.4 mm 4.8 mm 3.6 mm

Diagonaldimension

16 mm 11 mm 8 mm 6 mm 4 mm

2.2.2 Performance Indicator Image Sensor


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Resolution

Resolution is represented by "horizontal pixelx vertical pixel". For example, 1280 x 1024 indicates

1280 pixels in the horizontal direction and 1024 pixels in the vertical direction, totaling up to about

1.3 megapixels in an image. The earlier CCTV system supports a maximum resolution of 720 x 480

(in NTSC standard) or 720 x 576 (in PAL standard), totaling up to about 0.4 megapixels, that is, the

D1 resolution.

Mappings Between Video Formats and Video Bit Rates (in H.264 Standard)

Video ResolutionDefault Bit

Rate (Mbit/s)Bit Rate ValueRange (Mbit/s)

Remarks

1080p(1920 x 1080)

8 816 HD.

720p(1280 x 720)

4 48 HD.

D1(704 x 576)

2 1.52

Standard definition

(SD): definition of theDVD.

CIF(352 x 288)

0.5 0.3840.5Definition of the

VCD.

QCIF(176*144)

0.192 0.192

2.2.2 Performance Indicator Resolution


Illuminance

Illuminance, also called the sensitivity, is the sensitivity of the image sensor to lights, or the

lowest light condition required for the image sensor to display an image. Illuminance is

measured by lux. The smaller the value of lux is, the lower the light condition that a camera

needs to shoot clear images is, and the more sensitive the lens is.

Low-illuminance camera Common-illuminance camera

Recommended illuminance:

Starry night: 0.0010.01 lux Night with moonlight: 0.010.2 lux

Overcast (indoor): 550 lux Overcast (outdoor): 50500 lux

Sunny (indoor): 1001000 lux Sunny summer noon: 10510

9lux

2.2.2 Performance Indicator Illuminance


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2.2.2 Basic Functions


Chromaticityenhancement

Low illuminance

Fog penetrationImage sharpening Noise reduction

WDR

2.2.2 Image Enhancement Technology


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An image captured in the daytime An image captured at night An image captured at adistance at night

Under a common light

condition

When the WDR function is

enabled

Under a common light

condition

Too much light Insufficient lightGood image quality

2.2.2 Infrared and WDR Technologies


2.2.3 Camera Classification

Box camera Dome camera Special camera

Camera

Infrared

dome

camera

Common

domecamera

Pinholecamera

UFO-shaped

camera

Smoke

detectorcamera

Tube-shaped

camera

PTZ camera

OtherPTZ

camera

PTZdome

camera

Common

boxcamera

Infraredbox

camera


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Lens

The lens functions to display the image of an object on the image sensor of a camera,

which is called optical imaging.

Imaging area size

The lens has the following types:

25. 4 mm (l inch), 16. 9 mm (2/3 inch)

12. 7 mm (1/2 inch), 8.47 mm (1/3 inch)

6.35 mm (1/4 inch)

Different lens sizes correspond to

different imaging area sizes.

The imaging area size must match the image sensor size.

2.2.4 Fittings Lens

Focus ring Aperture ring

Screw

Focus ring

Imaging area

CCD

CCD


Focal length

The focal length determines the shooting distance and angle of view. The longer the focal length is, the longer the lens

cone is. The zoom ratio indicates the ratio of a zoom lens' longest focal length to the shortest focal length.

NOTE:The shorter thefocal length is, thelarger the angle ofview is.

2.2.4 Fittings Lens


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Mapping between the zoom ratio and shooting distance

By estimation (for lenses whose size is greater

than 4 mm)

Selecting the focal length

For example, a person is 10 meters away from acamera.

To view detailed facial features of the person,

adjust the focal length to 20 mm.

To view the person's contour, adjust the focal

length to 10 mm.

To monitor the person's behaviors, adjust the

focal length to 5 mm.

Zoom RatioReflecting

Detailed ObjectFeatures From

ReflectingObject Contour

From

ReflectingBehaviors

From

10x SD 20 m 40 m 80 m

18x SD 30 m 70 m 140 m

22/23x SD 40 m 80 m 160 m

26x SD 45 m 90 m 180 m

30x SD 50 m 100 m 200 m

36x SD 60 m 120 m 240 m

1.3-megapixel18x HD

80 m 160 m 320 m

2-megapixel20x HD

160 m 320 m 640 m

Focal

Length(mm)

ReflectingDetailed

ObjectFeatures

From

Reflecting

ObjectContour

From

Reflecting

BehaviorsFrom

X X/2 m X m 2X m

2.2.4 Fittings Lens


2.2.4 Fittings Protective Cover

Installation location

Size

Function requirements

You can use indoor protection covers to protectcameras from dust, and use outdoor protection

covers to protect cameras in severe weather or

abnormal temperatures.

The size of the protection cover must be largerthan the total size of the camera and lens.

Otherwise, the camera and lens cannot be

installed in the protection cover.

Rain wiper

Fan Temperature control. If a protection cover with

the constant temperature control function is

used, power supply must be considered.


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2.2.4 Fittings Bracket

Staple bolt +universal joint

Wall-mounted bracket+ universal joint

Wall-mounted bracket

Ceiling-mounted bracket

Pole-mounted staplebolt + wall-mountedbracket

Corner-mounted bracket+ wall-mounted bracket

Corner-mounted bracket+ wall-mounted bracket

Staple bolt + wall-mounted bracket +universal joint

In-ceiling bracket

Pole-mounted staplebolt + ceiling-mountedbracket

Ceiling-mounted bracketWall-mountedbracket

Pole-mounted staplebolt + wall-mountedbracket

In-ceiling bracket

Boxcamera

PTZcamera

Domecamera


Contents




2.2 Camera Overview

2.3 Huawei PUs

2.3.1 Huawei PU Overview2.3.2 Technical Advantages of Huawei PUs

2.4 DVR/DVS






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WDR boxcamera (2 models)Day/Night camera (2 models)

Infrared boxcamera (2models)

Indoor dome camera (2models)

Mini-dome camera (1 model)Indoor vandal-proof dome

camera (1 model)Infrared water-proof dome

camera (1 model)

Day/Night boxcam era (3models)

WDR boxcamera (1 model)

Wireless boxcam era (4 models)Infrared boxcamera (3 models)

Day/Night dome camera (1model)

WDR dome camera (1 model)

Infrared vandal-proof domecamera (1 model)

18x/23x/28x/30x/36xs peed PTZcamera (2 models)

23xinfrared speed PTZ camera(7 models)

3-megapixel day/night

boxcamera2-megapixel day/night

camera (2 models)1.3-megapixel

day/night camera (2models)

PoEc ompact camera

1.3-megapi

xel 18xspeedPTZ

camera(2models)

Infrared camera (3 models)

1.3-megapixelinfrared

vandal-proof domecamera

5.0 megapixelday/night box

camera3.0 megapixel

infrared box

camera1.3 megapixel

infrared boxcamera

3.0 megapixelinfrared vandal-

proof domecamera

1.3-megapixelinfrared vandal-

proof domecamera

1.3-megapixel 18xinfrared

speed PTZ camera1.3-megapixel 18xinfrared

embedded speed PTZ

camera2-megapixel 20x speed

PTZ camera2-megapixel 20x infrared

speed PTZ camera

1.3-megapixelday/night

domecamera

2-megapixelday/night

domecamera

1.3-megapixelday/night box

camera2-megapixel

day/night box

camera

2-megapixel, 60

fps, intelligent, SFP2-megapixel, 60fps, day/night, SFP

1.3-megapixel, 60fps, LTE, SFP1.3-megapixel, 60fps, day/night, SFP

2-megapixel 20xHD PTZ camera

1.3-megapixel 20xspeed PTZ camera

4-channel vehicle-mounted DVR (1model)

1-channel portable

DVR (1 model)

ATM dedicated DVR (1

model)

DVR for judicial use (1

model)

Boxc amera with thestrong light

suppression function(1 model)

18x(2 models)/22x/23x/36x (2models) speed PTZ camera

23xinfrared Speed PTZ camera

4-channel DVR (2 models)8-channel DVR (2 models)

16-channel DVR (3 models)

1-channel DVS(2 models)

4-channel DVS(1 model)

Codec

Analog

SD

HD

4-channel DVS

(1 model)8-channel DVS(1 model)16-channel DVS

(1 model)

2.3.1 eSpace IVS Series PUs


eSpace IPC5611-WD-F

Counts moving objects in a

specified direction.

Checks for persons and objects

crossing a tripwire in a specified

direction.

Moving object counting Tripwire detection

2.3.2 PU Behavior Analysis: Enhancing theSurveillance Efficiency


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Vware

HME

Media managementImage configuration and

managementAlarm management

Web CGI

Log

management

Protocoladapter

SDK AgentClairvoyance ONVIF

Message Bus

Third-party platformHuawei platform

Advantages of standardized PUs:

Highly compatible PUs that can connect to third-party platforms.

Different PU software with unified features that facilitate quality control, upgrade, and maintenance.

2.3.2 Standardized PU Software


Contents




2.2 Camera Overview

2.3 Huawei PUs

2.4 DVR/DVS2.4.1 DVR

2.4.2 DVS






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2.4 DVR/DVS

DVR/DVS


2.4.1 DVR

Analog-to-digital conversion: converting analog audio and video signals into digital signals.

Compression: The processor compresses the digital signals using the compression algorithm.

Storage: The application program stores the compressed audio and video signals in the hard disk.

Playback: The playback program reads the specified videoinformation from the hard disk according to the query

criteria and displays the video.

The DVR is a device that converts the video and audio signals captured by a camera or an

audio monitoring unit into digital signals, and stores the digital signals in the hard disk. TheDVR can be regarded as a computer system that integrates functions such as video capture,

coding compression, video storage, and network transmission.

Definition

Operating principle

CPU

Harddisk

Harddisk

A-D

DSP

Video Capture

Analog-to-DigitalConversion

CodingCompression


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IVS central management platform

IPC

Analog camera

DVR/DVS

IPC

Analog camera

DVR/DVS

Videowall

Decoder

PC client

PC client

Remote

surveillance

PU videocapture

Surveillance center

2.4.1 Position of the DVR in the Network


2.4.1 Typical Application Scenario of the DVR


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2.4.2 Video Encoder (DVS)

The video encoder is also known as the digital video server (DVS). It converts analog signalsinto digital signals that the computer can interpret. Once a signal is converted into a digital

s ignal, it can be transmitted over the Internet or a local area network (LAN) to a computer

where it can be analyzed. The DVR focuses on the video recording function, while the DVSfocuses on the video encoding and network transmission. Most DVSs have no video

recording function (some encoders are configured with a buffer memory to temporarily store

video).


IVS central management platform

IPC

Analog camera

DVR/DVS

IPC

Analog camera

DVR/DVS

Video

wall

Decoder

PC client

PC client

Remote surveillance

PU video

capture

Surveillance center

2.4.2 Position of the DVS in the Network


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2.4.2 Typical Application Scenario of the DVS


2.4.2 Differences Between the DVR and DVS

DVR DVS

Main problems resolved:Analog-to-digital conversion andencoding.Connecting to the analog or IP system.Video storage, retrieval and playback.

Providing the control page.

Main problems resolved:Analog-to-digital conversion and encoding.Connecting to the analog or IP system.

With a local hard disk Without a local hard disk usually

An independent system or web system. Network management software is requiredfor operation, use and management.

Used to ensure the reliability of localstorage.

Used to ensure the video transmissionefficiency and quality.


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2.2 Camera Overview

2.3 Huawei PUs

2.4 DVR/DVS







Network

transmission


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A Variety of Transmission Modes


Optical Fiber Transmission Mode

Opticalfiber transmission system

The optical fiber transmission is an information transmission method using optical fibers as the transmission medium

and the optical wave as the carrier wave. The optical f iber transmission system is composed of the sending part,

receiving part, and transmission part.

Electricalsignal

Optical fiberElectricalsignal

Opticaltransceiver

Opticaltransceiver


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Content1. Basic Knowledge of Video Surveillance



2.2 Camera Overview

2.3 Huawei PUs

2.4 DVR/DVS



2.6.1 Small-Sized Platform

2.6.2 Medium-Sized Platform

2.6.3 Large-Sized Platform




2.6.1 Small-Sized Platform

Small-sized platform


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Surveillanceroom

Convenience store Gas station Residential area

eSpace NVR6008/6016/6032

Surveillancesite

Independent Deployment at a Small-Sized

Surveillance Site


2.6.2 Medium-Sized Platform

Medium-size platform


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NVR

IPC

Analog camera

DVR/DVSIPC

Analog camera

DVR/DVS

Video

wall

Decoder

PC client

PC client

Remote

surveillance

PU videocapture

Surveillance

center

Single NVR

deployment

Distributeddeployment ofmultiple NVRs

Centralizeddeployment ofmultiple NVRs

Deploying the NVR at asurveillance site as anend for video collectionand management

Stacking multiple NVRsin the surveillancecenter for video storageand forwarding

Flexible Deployment


Medium-sized

platform solution

Lower construction costsUses all-in-one devices that integratestorage, transmission, and managementfunctions to reduce customers' total cost ofownership (TCO).

High transmissionefficiencyImproves the video streamtransmission mechanism toreduce the time-delay andbandwidth consumption.

Easy deployment andmaintenanceThe NVR has management software,which can significantly simplify theinstallation, deployment, andmaintenance.

Independent domainserviceOffers the function of independentdomain management that can ensurethe service operation when thenetwork connection between an NVRand the management platform isfaulty.

One-stop media

node solutionProvides a one-stop medianode solution to lower theconstruction cost and reducefault points.

Advantages of the Medium-Sized Platform


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2.6.3 Large-Sized Platform

Large-sized platform


Establishes, forwards, and stops

media streams.

Supports video storage, video on

demand (VoD), and playback

control.

Configures and manages

organizations, users, roles, rights,

and devices.

Provides interfaces for other

service modules and third-party

applications.

Controls video surveillance

services.

Provides interfaces for other

service modules and third-

party applications.

Service control unit (SCU)

Media unit (MU)

Connects to third-par ty systems.

Platform communication gateway (PCG)

Connects third-party PUs.

Device communication gateway (DCG)

Performs intelligent analysis

and reports analysis results

and alarms to the platform.

Media analysis server (MAU)

Service management unit (SMU)

eSpace IVS Platform Components


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eSpaceIVSplatform

eSpace NVR (stackable)

Level-1 domain(municipal bureau and

Headquarters)

Level-2 domain(branch bureau

and office)

Level-3 domain(police station and

customer service center)

LAN/WAN LAN/WAN

MAU

LAN/WAN

DCG

SMU+SCU+DB

MU(cluster)

Other securitysurveillance platforms

LAN/WAN

Deploying SMU, SCU, and

DCG on the same host

eSpace NVR (stackable) eSpace NVR

Diskarray

MU(cluster)

Diskarray

ClientClient

Client

Client

eSpaceIVSplatform

Large-scalesurveillance networkusing the multi-leveland multi-domainarchitecture

Users in level-1surveillance centerscan view and controlPUs of level-2 andlevel-3 surveillancecenters.

Each domain hasits own camerasand users.

The services ineach domainrun properlyeven when thenetworkbetweendomains fails.

PCG

Multi-level and Multi-domain Architecture

and Independent Domain Service


IVSIVS Supports Clairvoyance and

ONVIF protocols Supports GA/T669 protocol. Provides SDKs and controls for software

development and integration. Provides PCGs to connect to platforms of other

vendors. Provides DCGs to connect to third-party video

and alarm devices

Supports up to 100,000 PUs per platform. Supports multi-level and multi-domain

network. Forwards 800 Mbit/s media streams or

stores 400 Mbit/s media streams

concurrently per media server. Supports 1024 media nodes.

Supports two-node cluster and load

balancing. Supports highly reliable operating

systems, for example, SUSE Linux High-reliability hardware and system

redundancy Supports independent service

management in each domain Hardens the security by shielding

unused services and interfaces Supports digital watermark and video

stream encryption.

Supports plug and play and PU

configuration in batches Supports automatic upgrade of PUs

and clients. Supports quality diagnosis of videos

on PUs. Supports smooth upgrade and

capacity expansion Connects to the Operation &

Maintenance System (OMS).

eSpace IVS Platform Highlights


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Access of Multiple Clients: Satisfying

Diversified Needs

C/Sclient

B/Sclient

Mobile

client

Scenario orFunction

C/S Client B/S Client Mobile Client

User type

Technical experts and

security personnel Other departments Managers

Application scenario Surveillance centers or officesAreas when C/S clients are

not available.

Surveillance areas except for thesurveillance centers or when an

emergency occurs

Live videosurveillance

Supported Supported Supported

Video playback Supported Supported SupportedAlarm linkage Supported Supported Supported

Image management Supported Supported Supported


eSpace IVSplatform

Database

PostgreSQL

Oracle

Windows 7

Windows XP

Server

PC client

SUSE Linux 10

Windows 7

Windows XP

Mobile client

Android (2.3 and later) iOS (4.0 and later)

Diverse System Environments: Easing theSystem Deployment


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Intrusion detection

The MAU analyzes recordedor live video streamsaccording to the predefinedrules.Supported functions:behavior analysis, videoquality diagnosis, and facial

recognition.

Speed detection Loitering detection Abandoned object detection Removed object detection

Density detection

Directional movementdetection

Crowd counting

Presence detection

IP network

PC client

Signaling stream

MAU server

MUserver

Video streamVideo storage device

(2) Recorded video(2) Recorded video

(1) Live video(1) Live video

Report analysis results (alarm and surveillance object

information) to the SCU, which sends the results to thedatabase and creates a recording index.

IVS central server(on which the SCU, SMU, PCG, DCG, BCG, and DB are deployed)

Notify the client to

superimpose theanalysis results on the

video image.

PU

Intelligent Analysis Function: Improving

Surveillance Efficiency


PU

Command center

Client

Audible and visualalarm device

Platform

Incidenthandling

Users can set intelligent analysis rules for incidents such as intrusion, unlawful stay, and fixed-point

security surveillance. When a rule is broken, light alarms and alarm bells automatically go off.

The surveillance command center performs unified dispatch in emergency handling.

4. Audible and visualalarms automatically gooff based on the presetrules.

4. The client displaysthe live video imagesand locationinformation.

1. A suspicious personis attempting to climbover the wall.

2. Live video images

are transmitted to theplatform.

3. The platform analyzes theimages in real time and detectsintrusion.

5. The platforminitiates thecorrespondingemergency plan.This incident ishandled, and thesuspect is arrested.

Intelligent Alarm Linkage: Facilitating TimelyAlarm Handling


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Simultaneous playback ofmultiple channels of recorded video

Recording configuration:allowing users to configurerecording policies on a user-friendly GUI based on the timematrix.

Alarm playback: Locatingand playing back a video filebased on the alarminformation.

Locating video by labelLocating video by alarmPlaying back video frameby framePlaying back video atdifferent speeds

Manual recording (in blue)Scheduled recording (in green)Common alarm-triggeredrecording (in orange)Intelligent analysis alarm-triggered recording (in red)

Quick Video Search and Efficient Playback Locating


Huawei IVS Platforms

eSpace NVR6032(2U, 8-disk slot, 32-channel NVR)

eSpaceNVR6016(2U, 8-disk slot, 16-channel NVR)

eSpace NVR6008(2U, 8-disk slot, 8-channel NVR)

eSpace NVR6008-1U(1U, 2-disk slot, 8-channel NVR)

eSpace IVS platform

Separately or jointly deploys modules on a

distributed architecture, including service

management, media distribution, device

access, and intelligent analysis.

(multi-level and multi-domain deployment;

maximum: 200,000 PUs)

Central managementserver

Media processingserver

Device access server Intelligent analysisserver Disk array

Large-sized

platform

Middle-sized

platform

Small-sized

platform

Packaged product

Integrated and stackableIntegrating video

surveillance management,

forwarding, and storage

eSpace NVR6128Supports access of 128 channels per device.

Supports access of 1024 channels for stacked

NVRs (2U, 12-disk slot, 128-channel NVR).


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2.2 Camera Overview

2.3 Huawei PUs

2.4 DVR/DVS






Surveillance Center

Image display UPS systemsMonitoring client Keyboard controlMatrix Switch Console

Control room

Agent Image viewing System

management Electronic map

Video decoding(digital)

Video switching

Matrix Control Device Control Image switching PTZ control

Image display Splicing screen

control

Power supply

...


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Screen Splicing Controller

Screen splicing controller:

The screen splicing controller provides video interfaces of multiple types to receive signals from

external devices, for example, active video signals, RGB signals, and network signals,

processes the signals, and outputs them to the video wall as desktop signals.

DLP splicing screen video wall

Digicommulti-screen processing

systemControl PC

System layer

User layer

Wor kst ation La pt op PCIndependent RGB signalsources

Interface Interface

InterfaceProjector

CameraVideo

recorder

DVD

Directdisplay of

videosignals

Directdisplay of

RGBsignals

Built-in signal processor in thedisplay unit

SVAK video switching matrix

SVAK RGB videoswitching matrix

Remote videosignals


Comparison of Large Screen Displays

Advantage Disadvantage Photo

DLP

1. 1. Large sizeand small joint gap2. Slow decay of image brightness3. Small pixel gap and exquisiteimages4. Suitable for displaying computer

images and static images for a longtime.

1. Lower brightness than PDP2. Uneven brightness when the

number of spliced screens is large.3. Taking up more space4. High power consumption and

maintenance costs.

PDP

1. 1. High uniformity on a single screen

2. High brightness at the initial stage3. High contrastand exquisite images

1. Large pixel gap

2. The screen burnseasily whendisplaying computer images orstatic images

3. Fast brightness decay (cannot beimproved)

4. Low reliabilityand high powerconsumption

LCD

1. Low-power consumption, light weight2. Easy to install

3. Long life (operating for 50,000 hoursor more)

4. No radiation, screen brightnessuniformity, and good imagequality

5. Low maintenance costs

Seamless splicing is impossible (atpresent, the minimumlength of

bilateral seams is 5.7 mm)


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Keyboard

A keyboard can be used to control surveillance devices, including switching video on the screen, controlling the

PTZ, and adjusting the focal length. Users can also use a keyboard to set parameters for the surveillance devices

and perform programming.

Analog keyboardIP keyboard

Classification of keyboard

Functions:Controlling the video matrix, PTZ, and DVR or DVSConnection mode:Connects to PTZ cameras, PTZs, DVRs, DVSs through the

RS485 interface.Connects to the matrix through the RS232 interface.

Functions:Controlling IPCs, DVRs, DVSs, NVRs, and decodersConnection mode:Connect to the switch through the RJ45 network port.


Contents




3.1 Safe City Solution

3.2 Traffic Surveillance Solution

3.3 Emergency Command Solution

3.4 Campus Security Solution


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Huawei eSpace safe city solution uses the comprehensive public security video surveillance platform and utilizes videosurveillance resources from public security departments and other social resources. This solution provides real-time urbansurveillance and surveillance video query services. Police's cyber pursuit is also facilitated using full-time, space-basedsurveillance services for accurate tracking and analysis in combating crimes and securing the social environment.

Service

gateway

Video server Surveillance

data unit

Intelligent

analysis server

Video

networking gateway

NVRSurveillance

Center in a

local police

station

Visible PGIS

surveillance

Video database

Suspected personneltracking

Vehicle tracking

Enterprises, industrial parks, financial

outlets, school campuses, airports,

Internet bars, and hotels

Surveillance

site search

Video-assisted

detection

Videosurveillance

center

Video networking

Media server

Third-partyapplications

andsystems

Public securityprotection platform

PU

access

Social video

surveillanceresourcesPolice-specific video surveillance

resources

Visible GPS locating

Urban surveillancecenter

By quickly querying and analyzing surveillance resources,

police officers can accurately track down a potential suspect or

a moving vehicle, supporting the inv estigation of an ongoing

case to solve a criminal case.

Public security and social video surv eillance resources

can be accessed through the video access gateway.

Users can view live and recorded video to monitor

ongoing events across the city.

Real-time video access

By quickly querying and analyzing surveillance resources,

police officers can accurately track down a potential

suspect or a moving vehicle, supporting the investigation

of an ongoing case to solve a criminal case.

Video-assisted detection

Quick and accurate crime combat

DVR/DVS

3.1 Safe City Solution


Monitors traffic condition in realtime using HD cameras thatsupports automatic day/nightswitch with accurate colorreproduction capability. The

surveillance video and snapshotquality can satisfy requirements ofcustomers from different industries.

HD video and snapshots

Intelligently tracks andseamlessly takes snapshots oftraffic violations to providesubstantial evidence for lawenforcement and consequentlyreduce traffic accidents.

Intelligent behavior analysis and tracking

Urban traffic surveillance Railway traffic surveillance

Traffic guidancesystem

Urban trafficsurveillancecenter

Third-party

applications

andsystems

PUaccess

Vehicle-mountedmonitoring devices

HD checkpoint orePolicecontroller

Integrated HDcheckpoint/ePolicecameras

Cameras for road and railwaysurveillance

Traffic surveillancecollaboration platform

Railway traffic surveillance centerSubway trafficsurveillance center

Surveillancedata unit

Intelligent analysisserver

Remote lawenforcement platform Med ia server NVR

Video surveillanceplatform

ETC systemVisible PGISsurveillance

Vehicletracking

Visible GISsurveillance

Dispatchingsystem

By integrating HD video and intelligent analysis technologies, Huawei eSpace traffic surveillance solution is

constructed to meet the requirements on urban transportation, subway transportation, railway transportation, andhighway transportation.

3.2 Traffic Surveillance Solution


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3.2 Intelligent Transport Network Diagram


Huawei eSpace emergency command solution is based on the unified computer-assisted dispatch (CAD) center, visiblecommanding, intelligent analysis and decision making, and disaster response systems, integrating advanced information

and communications technology (ICT) capabil ities such as the location based service (LBS), GPS, GIS, and remoteconsultation, decision making, and command. This enables the emergency command center to interact with on-site

personnel to control accidents and disasters timely and effectively and reduce the loss of life and property.

Integrates with third-party systems, such asdisaster management, contingency plandispatch, and automatic vehicle tracking, tosupport decision making and processemergencies in a timely and correct manner.

Allows users to make alarm calls in real timeusing fix-line phones, mobile phones, SMSmessages, and the Internet. Intelligent videoalarms and sensor alarms are alsosupported.

Multiple alarm access modes

Integrates with third-party capabilities instatic and dynamic video collection, remotenegotiation, and GIS to visualize emergencycommand and dispatch.

Visual command and dispatch

Intelligent analysis anddecision making

Fixed surveillance

device

Vehicle-mountedsurveillance device

PUaccess Wireless

surveillance deviceFixed-line

phone Web clientMobile

phone

Collaborative emergency

command platform

ECC

UAP CTI CAD Surveillancedata unit

Intelligent analysisserver

Mediaserver

Video surveillancesystem

Remote command (Telepresence)

Dispatching

exchange

Third-party

applications

andsystemsDisaster

management/contingencyplan dispatch

Automatic vehicle

trackingResource allocation

Decision support Development

trend prediction

Real-time

plottingPrediction and warning

Wireless cluster

3.3 Emergency Command Solution


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Based on the eSpace IVS platform, Huawei eSpace campus security solution integrates anti-theft alarm, access control, voice intercom,electronic patrol, public address, parking management, and power and environment monitoring systems. The integrated solution is applicableto industrial parks, airports, prisons, and school campuses to intelligently monitor the surveillance sites and trigger security actions.

Third-partyapplications

andsystems

Emergency planimplementation engine

Campus securityplatform

NVR

Video surveillanceplatform

Audible andvisual alarm

Videoalarm

Mobilephone alarm

PUaccess

LiftCampussurroundings

Floorhallway

Parking lotSquareentrance and exit

Industrial park Schoolcampus

Petroleumindustry

Prison AirportBondedport area

Financialoutlet

Electronic park

Campus surveillancecenter

Intelligent analysis

server

Surveillancedata unit

Intelligentanalysis

Public address system

Electronic patrolsystem

Video surveillance system

Voice intercomsystem

Parking managementsystem

Alarm systemCampusSecuritysystem

Access control system

Power and environmentmonitoring system

Improves security protection efficiencyby 30%.

Provides standard protocol stack andconnects to seven common campussecurity subsystems.

Open platform

Saves customer costs by20%.

HD video surveillance

Mobile surveillance and quick locating

Leverages intelligent behavior analysistechnologies to monitor key locations allday and generate warnings in the event ofimpending danger.

Real-time intelligent surveillance

3.4 Campus Security Solution


Conclusion

This document provides an overview of the video

surveillance system and describes the video surveillance

solutions.


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