You are in the quad at lunch and you see a crowd rushing toward the senior circle. You quickly realize that 2 of your friends

are about to fight. Friend 1 is on your sports team and your coach has been emphasizing team unity all season.

Friend 2 owes you money but you made a pact with him last year that you would

always have each others backs if anything ever happened. You also notice that Friend 2’s iphone is hanging out of

his back pocket. What do you do?

FIGHT!

A. You help Friend 1 because he’s on your team and you want to make sure you help keep your team strong.

B. You help Friend 2 because you made a pact and you always keep your promises.

C. You join the fight so that you can grab Friend 2’s iphone because he owes you money.

D. You join the fight to show off your awesome fighting skills to everyone!

OPTIONS

WORLD WAR i

EUROPE PLUNGES INTO WAR

MILITARISM

ALLIANCES

IMPERIALISM

NATIONALISM----------------------

+ASSASSINATION

4 Causes of WWI1914-1918

POLICY OF GLORIFYING MILITARY POWER AND KEEPING AN ARMY PREPARED FOR WAR

EUROPE HAD 30 YEARS OF PEACE

1890-1914 MILITARY SPENDING AMONG EUROPEAN NATIONS INCREASED 300%

GREAT BRITAIN & GERMANY BUILT HUGE NAVIES

RUSSIA HAD ARMY OF 6 MILLION TROOPS

MILITARISM

ALLIANCES Countries

aligned for protection

Conflict will automatically drag everyone into war

“An attack on one is an attack on all!”

TRIPLE ALLIANCE◦ “CENTRAL POWERS” 1882

◦Germany

◦Italy

◦Austria-HungaryTRIPLE ENTENTE

◦ “ALLIES” 1907 (response to triple alliance)

◦Russia

◦England

◦France

◦ European countries compete for other countries

Distrust each other & rivalries

◦ They also want to protect what they already have

Resources, new markets, etc…

◦ Colonies are a sign of a country’s strength

◦ Chance to get more from “spoils of war”

IMPERIALISM

DEEP DEVOTION TO YOUR COUNTRY Can be a unifying force within your country but… Causes intense competition between countries Can be very dangerous when extreme France angry at Germany for losing Alsace-Lorraine

territory during Franco-Prussian war 40 yrs earlier BALKAN COUNTRIES WANT INDEPENDENCE (SERBIA!!!)

NATIONALISM

Called the “Powder Keg of Europe”◦ Why?

Many different ethnic groups & nationalistic uprisings (want independence)

Serbia gained independence from Ottoman Empire (Turkey) a few years earlier (map 409)◦ Want all Slavs to be united in Serbia◦ Supported by Russia (mainly Slavic)◦ Bosnia had large Slavic population but

controlled by Austria Hungary Black Hand, Gavrilo Princip & ARCHDUKE

FRANZ FERDINAND collide in Bosnia

The Balkan Peninsula

Triple Alliance (GIA) Triple Entente (Oui! It’s French) 4 MAIN CAUSES Why was the Balkans the

“Powder Keg of Europe? ASSASSINATION OF AUSTRIAN

ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND!◦Who assassinated him?

Who declares war FIRST? WHAT HAPPENS NEXT?

CAUSES OF WWI

July 28, 1914-Austria declares war on Serbia

Russia mobilizes along the German border

Russia expects Germany to join Austria Triple Alliance

German government considers this an act of war

Aug. 1-Germany declares war on Russia

Russia looks to its ally France for help

WWI Begins

2 days after declaring war on Russia, Germany declares war on France

Great Britain declares war on GermanyBelgium gets

attacked by Germany

(uh-oh the Schlieffen Plan)

I Declare War! Central Powers

Germany Austria-

Hungary Bulgaria Ottoman

Empire

Allies◦ Russia ◦ Great Britain◦ France◦ Italy◦ Japan

Germany’s plan for the war Attack and defeat France

quickly in the west and rush east to fight Russia before Russia had a chance to gather its forces

Rationale◦ Russia lagged behind the rest

of Europe with its railroad system and would take longer to supply its front lines

German leaders knew they must win a quick victory for this to work

The SCHLIEFFEN PLAN

German troops reached outskirts of Paris Sept. 5

Every soldier thrown into battle, all resources used

4 days of fighting, Germany retreats (most important battle?)

DESTROYED GERMANY’S SCHLIEFFEN PLAN

Now Germany is forced to fight on 2 fronts◦ Russia invades Germany

War on Western Front becomes a stalemate…trench warfare

First Battle of the Marne

Machine guns, tanks, poison gas, and airplanes are used in battles along the Western Front

Trench warfare: huge losses of human life for small land gains◦ CREATES STALEMATE ON WESTERN FRONT!!!◦New technology produces

huge casualties… (millions die)

Life in trenches was absolutely miserable◦rats, lice, trench foot,

no food, no sleep, dead bodies

The Western Front: Trench Warfare

Airplanes, Zepplins, Observation Balloons… Poison Gas (Ypres) Flamethrower (Verdun) Tanks (Somme) Machine guns U-Boats (unrestricted submarine warfare,

Lusitania) Much more

New Weapons

Eastern Front (Russia & Serbia VS Germany & Austria-Hungary) more mobile but than western front but slaughter & stalemate common

Kept German army on 2 fronts Battle of Tannenberg

◦ August 1914-most important battle on Eastern Front

◦ Equipment outdated, not enough weapons, poor leaders

◦ Many drowned in swamp Russia never recovers from

this battle

The Eastern Front: Russia Struggles

Sinking of the Lusitania◦ Unrestricted submarine warfare◦ 1200 dead, 128 Americans

Zimmerman Telegram◦ German telegram to

ambassador in Mexico◦ Unrestricted sub warfare, if US

joins war Mexico should attack US

◦ Mexico will reconquer land (Texas, NM, Arizona)

◦ Britain intercepted, decoded, sent to US

MAJOR TURNING POINT OF WWI

U.S. Enters WWI

Total War: devoting all resources to the war effort◦Factories make war supplies

◦Women in factories◦Rationing◦Propaganda

Total War

1917 U.S. joins Allies Nov. 1917 Russian Revolution &

Russia withdraws◦ Sign Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

with Germany Germany sends all forces to

Western Front!◦ March 1918 Germany plans

one final attack on Allies◦ Wanted to reach Paris before

Americans arrived◦ Crushed Allied forces on the

way to Paris (800,000 dead)◦ German military weakened

(#s dwindling, lose half million)

Germany Full Force

2nd Battle of the Marne-July 1918◦ 2 million fresh US troops, tanks…

Central Powers crumble Bulgaria & Ottoman Empire

surrender Austria-Hungary revolutions,

surrender German soldiers mutiny

◦ Kaiser Wilhelm II steps down◦ November 11, 1918

Germany surrenders WWI is over!!! Kinda…what

will be the terms?

WWI Ends

Total Mobilized

Forces

Killed or

DiedWounde

d

Prisoners

OrMissing

TotalCasualti

es

Casualty Rate

CentralPowers

22,850,000 3,386,200 8,388,488 3,629,829 15,404,407

67%

Allies 42,188,810 5,142,631 12,800,706

4,121,090 22,064,427

52%

The Human Cost of WWI

• 8.5 million soldiers died, countless civilians• An entire generation of Europeans was wiped

out• 21 million wounded• Economic Impact: $338 billion!!!!!

• Destruction of farmland, towns• Disillusionment…despair…the world would

not be the same