© WTEC 2010

Welcome

© WTEC 2010

In keeping with integrated community sustainability strategies and plans it is WTEC’s goal to provide a logical, cost effective and environmentally sound, long-term solution for :

The safe destruction of biomass & other waste. Provide valuable renewable thermal & electrical

energy. Provide economic opportunities. Provide a safe & clean environment for generations

to come.

CGS RationaleCGS Rationale

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Fully integrated waste to energy plan OEM supply model Deployment of leading edge, environmentally

sound, proven technology “CGS” Provide ongoing long-term Operations &

Maintenance support.

DeliverablesDeliverables

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Convert waste wood and biomass into sustainable opportunity.

Provide improved health & welfare.

Safe/clean environment for future generations.

Demonstrate Social & Environmental Leadership

Reduce Waste Hauling Pollution & Costs

OutcomesOutcomes

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Continuous Gasifier System (CGS) Continuous Gasifier System (CGS) Technology OverviewTechnology Overview

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Continuous feed Continuous feed Single or double reaction chamberSingle or double reaction chamber

Two-staged Air-starvedTwo-staged Air-starvedThermal GasifierThermal Gasifier

Continuous Gasifier System (CGS)Continuous Gasifier System (CGS)

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Biomass, waste wood, sawdust & other fairly consistent solid wastes are fed continuously into the hearth area of a vertical reaction chamber.

Innovative hearth design requires no moving grate or fluidized bed.

Hot syngas produced in the air-starved zone of the lower chamber is fully oxidized in the excess-air zone of the upper chamber.

Residence time of flue gas at design temperature ≥ 5 sec. Optional second reaction chamber increases residence time

further and slows gas to allow particulate settling. Heat recovery, power generation, and emissions controls are by

standard technologies.

ConceptConcept

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Most appropriate for waste types of relatively consistent size and calorific value such as:

• Solid waste of relatively consistent content• Wood waste• Agricultural residues

Waste Feedstock TypesWaste Feedstock Types

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COR High River, 10 years of operation COR Thora, one of three on site

Continuous OperationContinuous Operation

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Air-Starved Gasification Zone:• Automatic feed using augers or rams provides continuous operation.• Low-temperature gasification in V-shaped hearth

(left) at bottom of first reaction tower.• Hot syngas released up to secondary oxidation zone

in same tower.• Easy ash removal by ram during operation.

Excess-Air Oxidation Zone:• Takes place in upper zone of first reaction tower.• Control of Time / Temperature / Turbulence.• Second tower (at left) can be added to increase

residence time of gases at design temperature and slow gases to allow particulate settling.

Unified 2-Stage GasificationUnified 2-Stage Gasification

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The three-step, V-shaped hearth itself has no moving parts and so avoids the frequent breakdowns and high maintenance costs that occur with the moving metal grates and fluidized beds found in mass burn incinerators.

= Excellent reliability & reduces costs for capital equipment, operations, maintenance & repairs. = Holding the ash longer for gasification zone leaves as little bottom ash behind as possible.

COR during construction

Unified 2-Stage GasificationUnified 2-Stage Gasification

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Combustion of hot syngas takes place in upper zone of chamber.

Residence time of gases at design temperature is ≥ 5 sec, which is 3 sec more than EPA requires.

Generates heat for conversion to steam and / or electricity.

Meets all US & EU EPA emissions standards after scrubbing.

COR High River, 10 years of operation in Northern Canada

Secondary Combustion ChamberSecondary Combustion Chamber

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• Sterile & Non-toxic.• Virtually no carbon.• No slag or clinkers.• Easily separated from glass

& metals for recycling.• Passes EPA’s “Toxicity

Characteristics Leaching Procedure” (TCLP) test.

• Bottom ash can be sold as aggregate for concrete or for asphalt road surfacing.

• Landfilling not required.

Bottom AshBottom Ash

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Primary Fuel Consistent Feedstock Primary Fuel Consistent Feedstock

Integrated Gasification (Hot Syngas) and Oxidisation

(Super Hot Flue-Gas

Integrated Gasification (Hot Syngas) and Oxidisation

(Super Hot Flue-Gas

Organic Rankine CycleTurbine Generator

Organic Rankine CycleTurbine Generator

ElectricityElectricity

Emissions Control System

Emissions Control System

ElectricityElectricity

Turbine GeneratorTurbine Generator

Super Heated SteamSuper Heated Steam

Heat Recovery BoilerHeat Recovery Boiler

EconomizerEconomizer

CondenserCondenser

WaterWater

CGSCGS

Options for Energy RecoveryOptions for Energy Recovery

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Daily capacity of 1000 tonnes can be achieved with two CGS™ process trains of 500 tons each.Larger capacities can be achieved by increasing the capacities of the individual CGS™ process trains and / or by adding more process trains.

Typical layout for Energy GenerationTypical layout for Energy Generation

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Indicative Steam and Electric Power GenerationIndicative Steam and Electric Power GenerationType of Waste Metric Tons Steam /

Metric Ton of WasteNet kW hrs Electricity

for Sale / Metric Ton of Waste

Municipal 3.4 MT 550 kWh

Industrial 4.0 MT 650 kWh

Air-Dried Wood 5.0 MT 850 kWh

Tires & Plastics 10.0 MT 1700 kWh

Actual energy recovery & power generation depends on calorific value & moisture content of waste, types of heat recovery & power generation technology selected, their designs & configuration, & other project-specific factors.

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CGS™ facility with two process trains—each containing oneprimary and one secondary chamber—feeding two boilers,

two baghouses, and one turbine generator.

Typical layout with two ‘trains’Typical layout with two ‘trains’

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Automated CGS™ Process ControlsAutomated CGS™ Process Controls

• Operator interface by touch-screen controls.• SCADA (Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition) data logging capability.• Option for real-time remote monitoring by WTEC technical staff.• Photos show touch-screen monitor and control panels at BOS™ waste-

to-energy facility in Scotland.

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Operator interface by touch-screen controls.• Optional SCADA (Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition)

data logging capability.• Real-time remote monitoring by WTEC technical staff.

Automation & ControlsAutomation & Controls

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Touch-Screen Control PanelTouch-Screen Control Panel

CGS have automatic controls with manual override that operators can monitor or adjust using the simple touch-screen control panel.

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Inherently low COR™ emissions can be reduced furtherby treatment of flue gases using Best Available Technology:

View of stack with facility operating at full capacity.

• Flue gas retention time ≥ 2 sec at temps up to 1300° C as required.

• Sodium bicarbonate to neutralize acids.

• Activated carbon to remove trace dioxins, furans & heavy metals.

• Flue gas recirculation & selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) to control NOx.

• Filter baghouse to collect scrubber consumables & residual fly ash.

Advance Flue Gas TreatmentAdvance Flue Gas Treatment

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CGS™ emissions meet all EPA standards in US & European Union.

CGS Emissions ManagementCGS Emissions Management

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Design Basis for CGS Facility Compared to EU LimitsDesign Basis for CGS Facility Compared to EU Limits

CGS™ plants can be designed & operated to achieve even lower limits.

SubstanceCGS

Design Basis@ 0°C & 11% O2

Maximum LimitsEU Regulations@ 0°C & 11% O2

Particulate Matter (PM) < 5 mg / Nm3 10 mg / Nm3

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) < 100 mg / Nm3 200 mg / Nm3

Carbon Monoxide (CO) < 10 mg / Nm3 50 mg / Nm3

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) < 10 mg / Nm3 50 mg / Nm3

Total Organic Carbon (TOC) < 2 mg / Nm3 10 mg / Nm3

Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) < 5 mg / Nm3 10 mg / Nm3

Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) < 1 mg / Nm3 1 mg / Nm3

Dioxin & Furans TEQ < 0.08 ng / Nm3 0.10 ng / Nm3

Mercury (Hg) < 0.05 mg / Nm3 0.05 mg / Nm3

Cadmium (Cd) < 0.05 mg / Nm3 0.05 mg / Nm3

Total Other Metals < 0.5 mg / Nm3 0.5 mg / Nm3

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Continuous Emissions Monitoring Log Compared Continuous Emissions Monitoring Log Compared to Daily & Half-Hourly EU Limitsto Daily & Half-Hourly EU Limits

CO PM (Dust) HCl

NO2 Note: Add-on de-NOx equipment not operated during test.

SO2 VOC

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Monitoring Results for Dioxins & Furans Compared Monitoring Results for Dioxins & Furans Compared to EU Limitsto EU Limits

Independent tests show emissions at only 35% of stringent EU limits.

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Design Comparison to US EPA Emissions LimitsDesign Comparison to US EPA Emissions Limits

CGS™ plants can be designed & operated to achieve even lower emissions that may be necessary to meet annual output limits

required by local air quality districts.

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Continuous Emissions Monitoring Data Compared toContinuous Emissions Monitoring Data Compared toEU Emissions LimitsEU Emissions Limits

Note that this plant has no NOx reduction equipment. Data is from * days of CEM log in December, 2007. Raw data available on request.

© WTEC 2010

2002 - High Level, Alberta, 600 TPD Wood Waste2003 - Swan River, Manitoba, 135 TPD Wood Waste2003 - Fruitvale, British Columbia 200 TPD Wood Waste2004 - Slave Lake, Alberta, 500 TPD Wood Waste2005 - Gudang, Indonesia, 200 TPD Tobacco Waste2007 - Thora, Australia, 200 TPD Wood Waste2012 - Kelly Lake, BC, 300 TPD Wood Waste (in pre-deploy)

Sample CGS DeploymentsSample CGS Deployments

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Electricity. Process steam for industry. Process steam for district heating. Chilled water or air for central cooling. Potable water. Disposal fees or avoided costs. Bottom ash as soil amendment (biomass only) or

concrete aggregate. Carbon credits. Renewable energy credits. Renewable energy grants and tax credits.

CGS Energy UtilisationCGS Energy Utilisation

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Large-capacity, continuous-feed, two-stage thermal gasification in single or double vertical reaction chambers for consistent wastes such as biomass and household waste.

Simple, robust design with very few moving parts. Innovative hearth design eliminates complicated moving grates

and fluidized beds found in mass burn incinerators. Sophisticated controls for air, waste feed, and auxiliary fuel first

developed for the BOS™ are now available on CGS™. Lower capital, labour, and other operating costs than other

conversion technologies. Meets or exceeds CDN, EU and US emissions standards with

appropriate control equipment.

Why CGS ?Why CGS ?

© WTEC 2010

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