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Transcript of What goods and services will be produced? › What do we have? How will they be produced? › Hand...
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Intro to BusinessEconomic Systems
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Three Economic Questions
What goods and services will be produced?› What do we have?
How will they be produced?› Hand > machine >
elsewhere
Who gets the stuff?
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3 Economic Systems
Economic system (economy) – an organized way of providing for the wants and needs of people.
1). Command2). Market3). Traditional
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Command Economies
Economic activity is planned out by the government, with people having little influence.
Examples:› Cuba› North Korea› Former Soviet Union
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Command Economies - Pros
Allows an economy to change direction very quickly. › After Stalin’s first two Five Year Plans, Russia
moved from a rural agricultural economy to an industrial economy.
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Command Economies - Pros
Little uncertainty as to who will do what.
No unemployment because the government gives everyone a job (whether it is needed or not).› Ayn Rand - Anthem
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Command Economies - Cons
Not designed to meet the wants of consumers. › Stalin’s Five Year Plan directed resources
away from both agriculture and consumer goods.
Provides strange incentives› Do just enough to meet quotas.
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Command Economies – More Cons
No rewards for individual performance.› Tetris
No flexibility to handle problems. › Great Depression disrupted the USSR’s
First Five Year Plan Requires a large decision making
agency.› Stalin’s Five Year Plans governed all
economic activity in Russia…that’s a lot of paperwork!
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Market Economies People and businesses act in their own
best interests to answer the three basic economic questions.
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Market Economies – How they work
Lure of personal and financial gain leads consumers and businesses to interact in various markets.
Each person acts as they see fit in order to advance their own interests.
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The First Economist – Adam Smith
“It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest.” – Wealth of Nations, 1776
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Market Economies - Pros
Economy can adjust to change over time› Businesses can adapt to changing consumer
tastes by creating new/different products.
High degree of individual freedom› Businesses and individuals are free to do
what they want.
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Market Economies – More Pros
Small degree of government interference (Mixed Economy)
Economic decisions are made by all, not limited to government officials.
Seemingly unlimited variety of goods and services available to consumers.
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Market Economies - Cons Does not provide for the basic needs of
everyone.› Elderly, disabled and other groups would be
unable to survive in a market economy without governmental assistance.
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Market Economies – More Cons Does not provide certain services that people
value.› National Defense & Education.
High degree of uncertainty› Tommy Boy› Jobs going overseas› Market Failures
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Traditional Economies
Economic activity is based on tradition with roles determined by previous generations.
Examples:› Medieval Europe› Various hunting tribes
in Africa and northern Canada
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Traditional Economies – Pros
Everyone knows what their role is.
Life is generally predictable and stable.
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Traditional Economies - Cons
Discourages new ideas and new ways of doing things.
Lack of progress leads to a lower standard of living.
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The US Economic System
Mixed Economy
Capitalism
Based on 4 important principles› Private Property› Freedom of choice› Profit› Competition
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6 Economic Social Goals
Economic Freedom Economic Equity Economic Security Price Stability Economic Growth Economic Efficiency
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Economic Freedom
Individuals have freedom to choose their own occupations, employers, and spending habits.
Businesses have freedom to choose how and where to produce goods/services.
Are we meeting this goal?
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Economic Equity
People should receive equal pay for equal work.
People should receive adequate pay for the work they perform.
People should all have the same opportunities to get ahead.
Are we meeting this goal?
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Economic Security
We should have protection from negative economic events such as layoffs and injuries.› Social Security – federal program that
provides disability and retirement benefits.› Medicare
Everyone should have their basic needs met.
Are we meeting this goal?
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Price Stability
We should have stable prices that protect against inflation.› Inflation – a rise in the general level of
prices.
Are we meeting this goal?
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Economic Growth
Increasing the production of goods and services over time
Measuring by gross domestic product (GDP)
Constant Improvement
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Economic Efficiency
Insuring optimal utilization of scarce resources; prevention of waste of the nation’s resources; and getting the most out of available resources.
Max value for min. cost
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When economic goals are not met…
…People get mad!!!!!!!
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Bruce Springsteen – Working on a Dream
Homework: Listen to the song. As you listen, think and then write down his view about the goals of:
Economic Equity? Economic Security?
Find a song that sings about economic hardship, write a short (1 page) paper identifying the song (and lyrics) and discussing how it applies to our country’s economic shortcomings.