CHAPTER 20TOBACCO

What are some harmful effects of smoking tobacco products?

What substance in tobacco causes a person to become addicted?

LESSON 1: The Health Risks of Tobacco Use

Addictive Drug: a substance that causes physiological of psychological dependence

Nicotine: the addictive drug found in tobacco leaves Stimulant: a drug that increases the action of the central

nervous system, the heart, and other organs Carcinogen: a cancer-causing substance Tar: a thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco

burns Carbon Monoxide: a colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas Smokeless Tobacco: tobacco that is sniffed through the

nose, held in the mouth, or chewed Leukoplakia: thickened, white, leather-looking spots on the

inside of the mouth that can develop into oral cancer

Vocabulary

All tobacco products display warning labels stating that using tobacco products can be harmful to an individual’s health.

Medical studies have shown that tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable dealth and disability in the United States.

Smoking has been linked to lung disease, cancers, and heart disease.

About 90 % of adult smokers began the habit as teenagers.

Health Risks of Tobacco Use

All tobacco products contain nicotine, the addictive drug found in tobacco leaves.

Nicotine is a stimulant, a drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, the heart, and other organs.

Using nicotine raises blood pressure, and increases the heart rate

Nicotine

Tobacco is a carcinogen or cancer-causing substance

Tobacco smoke contains tar and carbon monoxide

It also contains the same poisonous compounds found in products such as paint, rat poison, and toilet cleaner.

Poisonous Substances in Tobacco Smoke

Tar is a thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns.

Tar damages a smoker’s respiratory system by destroying the structures of the airway that protect the body against infection.

Tar also destroys the alveoli, or air sacs, which absorb oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide.

Smokers are susceptible to diseases such as bronchitis, pneumonia, emphysema, heart disease, and cancer.

87 % of cancer deaths result from smoking

Tar

Poisonous gas found in cigarette smoke Absorbed more easily than oxygen Deprives the body’s tissues and cells of

oxygen Increases the risk of high blood pressure,

heart disease, hardening of the arteries, and other circulatory problems

Carbon Monoxide

Cigars contain significantly more nicotine and produce more tar and carbon monoxide than cigarettes.

One cigar can contain as much nicotine as an entire pack of 20 cigarettes.

Pipe and cigar smokers also increase the risk of developing cancers of the lips, mouth, throat, larynx, lungs, and esophagus.

Smokeless tobacco (spit) are not a safe alternative to smoking.

The nicotine and carcinogens in these products are absorbed into the blood through the mucous membranes in the mouth or the digestive tract.

Pipes, Cigars, Smokeless Tobacco

Smokeless tobacco are absorbed into the body at levels up to tree times the amount of a single cigarette.

Smokeless tobacco irritates the sensitive tissues of the mouth causing leukoplakia that can develop into oral cancer.

Smokeless tobacco causes cancers of the mouth, throat, larynx, esophagus, stomach, and pancreas.

8-10 plugs of tobacco daily = two packs of cigarettes

Leukoplakia

Brain Chemistry changes: body craves more of the drug. Withdrawal symptoms include headaches, nervousness, and trembling as soon as 30 minutes after last use.

Respiration and heart rate increase Taste buds are dulled and appetite is

reduced Users have bad breath, yellowed teeth, and

smelly hair, skin, and clothes.

Short-Term Effects

Chronic Bronchitis Emphysema Lung Cancer Coronary heart disease and stroke Weakened immune system

Long-Term Effects

Costs to society: Tobacco-related illnesses cost the US about $165 billion each year.

Costs to individuals: A person smoking one pack of cigarettes a day will spend $1,500 a year.

Legal consequences: selling to minors, smoking is a non-smoking environment or on school or government property

Tobacco Costs

Choosing to Live Tobacco-Free

LESSON 2

Nicotine withdrawal: the process that occurs in the body when nicotine is no longer used

Nicotine Substitutes: products that deliver small amounts of nicotine into the users system while he or she is trying to give up the tobacco habit.

Tobacco cessation program: a course that provides information and help to people who want to stop using tobacco.

Vocabulary

Falsely believe that smoking will help control weight or releive stress

Some think smoking will make you mature and independent

Teens are influenced by movies, TV, advertisements, or media messages

Truth: Smoking reduces the body’s capacity for physical activity, so it may lead to weight gain.

Health problems caused by tobacco use can increase the user’s stress level

Why Teens Use Tobacco

CDC reports that 77 % of high school students nationwide do not smoke

Tobacco legislation: 1998 tobacco companies and 46 states reached a legal settlement that restricts tobacco advertising aimed at teens

Tobacco companies are required to fund ads discouraging teens from smoking.

Illegal for anyone under the age of 18 to purchase tobacco products in the US.

Legislation has limited smoking in public places and businesses.

Reduced Tobacco Use Among Teens

Better cardiovascular endurance and lung function

Improved fitness level and athletic performance

Reduce your risk of lung cancer, heart disease, and stroke.

Look and feel better

Benefits of Living Tobacco-Free

Common to experience nicotine withdrawl Symptoms include irritability, difficulty

concentrating, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and cravings for tobacco

Use nicotine substitutes to relieve symptoms: Gum, patches, nasal sprays, and inhalers

Some are over-the-counter products; others require a doctor’s prescription

Ending the Addiction Cycle

Prepare for the quit day: set target date and stick to it.

Get support and encouragement Access professional health services Replace tobacco use with healthy behaviors

Getting Help to Quit Tobacco Use

Promoting a Smoke-Free Environment

Lesson 3

Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) : or secondhand smoke, air that has been contaminated by tobacco smoke

Mainstream Smoke: the smoke exhaled from the lungs of a smoker

Sidestream Smoke: the smoke from the burning end of a cigarette, pipe, or cigar.

Vocabulary

ETS from cigarettes, cigars, and pipes contains more than 4,000 chemical compounds.

More than 50 of those chemicals are cancer-causing carcinogens

Infants and young children who are exposed to ETS are more likely to develop asthma than their peers who are not exposed to ETS

Secondhand smoke causes 3,000 deaths from lung cancer every year.

ETS

Smoking during pregnancy can seriously harm the developing fetus.

Nicotine and carbon monoxide constrict the blood vessels and reduce oxygen levels in the blood of the mother and fetus.

Leads to impaired fetal growth, spontaneous miscarriage and prenatal death, premture delivery, low bieth weight, deformities, and stillbirths.

Babies of mothers who smoked during pregnancy or who are exposed to ETS are more likely to die of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

Infants exposed to ETS after birth are twice as likely to die of SIDS and may have severe asthma attacks, ear infections, or respiratory tract infections.

Health Risks to Unborn Children and Infants

Many states now prohibit smoking in any workplace

Healthy People 2010 goal is to reduce tobacco use and the number of tobacco related deaths.

States and local communities are supporting the efforts to create a smoke-free society.

Create a Smoke-Free Socitey