Anatomy Project

Materials: MarkersTransparency PaperCopy PaperAnatomy Pictures

Procedures All parts must be done by hand In transparency paper:

o Traced drawing of each system in color o Number labels for each organ (do not use same number again across entire project)

In copy paper (1-2 per system):o Place a title with name of system on topo List overall function of the systemo List organs using numbers that match labels on drawingso Give the function for each organ/structure

For Parts II: Systems/organs on copy paper / overall function listed Items to be labeled / function listed on white paper

For Part III:You may choose to do word descriptions or visual descriptions as you see fitAll criteria must be discussed

Resource Suggestions:www.innerbody.comhttp://www.visiblebody.com/http://www.3dscience.com/Resources/3d_Human_Anatomy.phphttp://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2002_general/Esp/default.htm

AP ONLY: You may choose to TEST OUT of this project (by part; each part is a test)You must earn 85% or higher on a key term test out. You must test out prior to the project due date

Part I – Systems

1. Nervous System2. Brain3. Signal Cord4. Peripheral Nerves

5. Respiratory System6. Nose7. Epiglottis8. Pharynx9. Larynx10. Trachea11. Bronchi12. Bronchioles13. Lungs

14. Digestive System15. Mouth16. Salivary Glands6. Pharynx (Not to be defined again)17. Esophagus18. Stomach19. Liver20. Gallbladder21. Pancreas22. Small Intestine23. Large Intestine24. Rectum

25. Excretory System71. Skin13. Lungs

26. Liver27. Kidneys28. Ureters29. Urinary Bladder30. Urethra

31. Skeletal System32. Bones33. Cartilage34. Ligaments35. Tendons

36. Muscular System37. Skeletal Mucle38. Smooth Muscle39. Cardiac Muscle

40. Circulatory System41. Heart42. Veins43. Arteries44. Blood

45. Female Reproductive System46. Ovaries47. Fallopian Tubes48. Uterus49. Vagina

50. Male Reproductive System51. Testes52. Epididymis 53. vas deferens54. Urethra55. Penis

56. Endocrine System57. Hypothalamus58. Pituitary59. Thyroid60. Parathyroid61. Adrenals62. Pancreas46. Ovaries (No need to be repeated)51. Testes (No need to be repeated)

63. Lymphatic System64. White blood cells65. Thoracic Duct41. Heart66. Superior Vena Cava67. Thymus68. Spleen69. Lymph nodes70. Lymph vessels

71. Integumentary System (See skin cross section on Part II)

Part II – Structures

Skin Cross Sectiono Skino Hairo Nailso Sweat Glandso Sebaceous Glandso Epidermiso Dermiso Hypodermiso Fato Nerveso Blood vesselso Sweat poreo Hair follicle

Nerve Cello Dendriteso Nucleuso Cell Bodyo Axono Myelin sheatho Nodeso Axon Terminals

Cerebrumo Frontal Lobeo Temporal Lobeo Parietal Lobeo Occipital Lobe

Braino Cerebrumo Corpus Colosum o Thalamuso Hypothalamuso Hyppocampuso Pineal Glando Pituitary Glando Cerebellumo Midbraino Brain Stem (Pons + Medulla

Oblongata)o Spinal Cord

Eyeo Corneao Aqueous Humoro Pupilo Iriso Lenso Ligamentso Muscleo Vitreous Humoro Retinao Blood Vessels

o Choroido Sclerao Foveao Optic Nerveo Rods o Cones

Earo Ear Lobeo Auditory Canalo Tympanumo Hammero Anvilo Stirrupo Oval Windowo Round Windowo Semicircular Canalso Cochlear nerveo Cochleao Boneo Eustachian Tube

Heart & Circulationo Systemic Circulationo Pulmonary Circulationo Myocardiumo Coronary Arterieso Coronary Veinso Septumo Superior Vena Cavao Inferior Vena Cavao Right Atriumo Tricuspid Valveo Right Ventricleo Pulmonary Valveo Pulmonary Arteryo Pulmonary Veinso Left Atriumo Mitral Valveo Left Ventricleo Aortic Valveo Capillaries of head and armso Capillaries of left lungo Capillaries of right lungo Capillaries of abdominal organs

and legs Blood Vessels

o Connective Tissueo Smooth Muscleo Endotheliumo Artery o Arterioleo Capillary

o Veino Valve

Lungso Bronchioleo Pulmonary Arteryo Pulmonary Veino Alveolio Diaphragm o Edge of Pleural Membrane

Axial Skeletono Skullo Sternumo Ribso VertebralColum

Appendicular Skeletono Clavicleo Scapulao Humeruso Radiuso Ulnao Carpalso Metacarpalso Phalangeso Femuro Patellao Fibulao Tibiao Tarsalso Metatarsalso Phalanges

Boneso Spongy Boneo Compact Boneo Periosteumo Bone Marrowo Spongy Boneo Osteocyteo Arteryo Veino Periosteumo Havarsian Canalo Compact Bone

Joints Typeso Hinge (e.g. Knee)o Pivot (e.g. Elbowo Saddle (e.g. Fingers)o Ball-and-Socket (e.g. Sholder)o Immovable (Skull)

Joint Structure (Knee)o Muscle

o Tendono Femuro Patellao Bursao Ligamento Synovial fluido Cartilageo Fato Fibulao Tibia

Muscleso Skeletal Muscleo Bundle of Muscle Fiberso Muscle fiber (cell)o Myofibrilo Z-Lineo Sarcomereo Myosino Actin

Moutho Molarso Bicuspidso Cuspido Incisorso Tongueo Salivary Glandso Taste Buds

Small intestine & Absorptiono Circular foldso Villio Villuso Epithelial cellso Capillarieso Lymph vesselso Veino Artery

Kidneyo Cortexo Medullao Renal Arteryo Renal Vein

o Uretero Loop of Henleo Bowman’s Capsuleo Glomeruluso Nephrono Capillarieso Collecting duct

Male Reproductive Systemo Urinary bladdero Vas deferenso Pubic boneo Urethrao Peniso Seminal vesicleo Rectumo Prostrate glando Bulbourethral glando Epididymiso Testiso Scrotumo Corpus Spongiosumo Corpora Cavernosao Coronao Perineal Rapheo Meiring's sulcus

Spermo Heado Nucleuso Mitochondriao Midpiece

o Tail Female Reproductive System

o Fallopian Tubeo Ovaryo Uteruso Urinary Bladdero Pubic Boneo Urethrao Cervixo Rectumo Vaginao Labia Minorao Labia Majorao Clitoral Hoodo Clitoriso Vulvao Skene’s Glando Clitorial Glanso G-spoto Bartholin’s glando Urethral Opening

Ovum

Part III – Conceptual Drawings / Written Explanations

Sodium-Potassium Pump Action Potential

o Resting Potentialo Thresholdo Action potential

Synapseo Synaptic clefo Axon terminalo Axono Vesicleo Dendrite or adjacent neurono Receptoro Neurotransmitter

Arc Reflexo Sensory Receptorso Sensory Neurono Interneurono Motor neurono Effectoro Spinal Cord

Visiono Rodso Coneso Foveao Retinao Lenseso Pupils / Iris

Hearing & Balanceo Cochleao Hairso Semicircular Canals

Taste buds Touch

o Paino Temperatureo Pressureo Sensitive zones

Drugso Stimulantso Depressantso Cocaineo Opiateso Marijuanao Alcoholo Drug abuseo Drug addictiono Drug resistance

Muscle Contractiono Myosino Actino Cross-bridgeo Binding sites

o ATP

Muscle Contraction Controlo Neuromuscular junctiono Acetylcholineo Strong Contractiono Weak Contraction

Muscle to Bone Interactiono Tendonso Opposing Pairs

Exercise and Healtho Use vs. Disuseo Muscle toneo Aerobic exerciseso Resistance exercises

Skin Proteinso Keratino Melanin o Hairo Nails

Heartbeato Pacemakero Heart rateo Blood pressure

Heart diseaseo Atherosclerosiso Cardiac failureo Heart Attacko Stroke

Bloodo Plasmao Red Blood Cellso White Blood Cello Platelets

Breathing o Gas exchangeo Motionso Controlo Harms of smoking

Food and Energyo Calorieo Nutrients

Carbohydrates Protein Fats Vitamins (Types/

Source/Functions) Mineral (Types/

Source/Functions)o Balanced Diet

Digestiono Salivao Amylaseo Peristalsiso Chemical Digestion

(Source/Active Site/Enzyme/Effect on Food)

o Mechanical Digestiono Villi & Small Intestine

Absorptiono Large Intestineo Disorders

Kidneyso Filtrationo Reabsorptiono Urine formationo Urine testingo Urine stoneso Controlo Dialysis

Hormoneso Steroid vs. Nonsteroidso Glands / Hormones / Target /

Functiono Prostaglandin

Sexual Developmento Pubertyo Sperm Developmento Sperm Releaseo Egg Developmento Egg Releaseo Menstrual Cycle

Follicular Phase Ovulation Luteal Menstruation

o STD’s Embryonic Development

o Fertilizationo Implantationo Differentiation

Gastrulation Neurulation Extra embryonic

Membranes (including placenta)

Health Generalo Germ Theoryo Pathogenso Diseaseo Koch’s Postulateso Agents

Viruses Bacteria Protists Worms Fungi

o Transmissions Physical Contact Air Infected Animals Food & Water

o Treatment Antibiotics Vaccines Antivirals Antifungals Over-the-counter drugs

o Prevention Air quality

Carbon Monoxide

Ozone Particulates:

Sand/Dust/Ash/Lead/Mercury/Asbestos

Pesticide Fertilizer

Water Quality Pesticide Fertilizers

Toxic chemicals

Sewage Diet Exercised Rest Abstinence Checkups

Immune Systemo Immunityo Non-specific immunityo First-line (Infection prevention)

Skins Mucous Lysozyme Cilia Digestive enzymes

o Second-line (infection containment)

Inflammatory Response Fever Blood vessel thickening White blood cell

migration Phagocytosis Interferon

o Third-Line (Specific Immunity) Antibodies Humoral Immunity Cell-Mediated

Immunity Transplants

o Acquired-Immunity Vaccination Active immunity Passive immunity

o Allergies Allergens Histamines

o Asthmao Autoimmune diseaseso AIDS

Virus Transmission Prevention Cure/Treatment

Cancero Benign tumor vs. cancero Cure vs. need vs. pleitropyo Intracellular vs. extracellular

mutation controlo Increasing chances (Causing)

Carcinogens Radiation Compromised Immune

System: Old/Young/Immune Disorder

o Decreasing chances (Prevention) Exercise Proper diet Strong immune system Decreasing exposure to

carcinogens and radiation

Routine scans / examinations

o Treatment Radiation Chemotherapy Surgery