IB Biology Year 1 Summer Preview 2014-2015

E-Mail: lisa.hollis@bsd.k12.de.us

Teacher Website: http://teacherweb.com/DE/MtPleasantHS/Hollis/apt2.aspx

Important Topics to Know and Read/Notes

1. Chemistry of Life-

2. Cell Structure and Function-

3. Genetics-

4. Reproduction and Nervous System -

Websites to help:

http://bio2.shtechclub.org/cd/bc_campbell_biology_7/0,7052,3117209-,00.html

http://ib.bioninja.com.au/

http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive

Complete this packet and Pretest and Activity Quizzes:

Chapters 1- Exploring Life

Concept 1.1 Biologists explore life from the microscopic to the global scale Concept 1.2 Biological systems are much more than the sum of their parts Concept 1.3 Biologists explore life across its great diversity of species Concept 1.4 Evolution accounts for life's unity and diversity Concept 1.5 Biologists use various forms of inquiry to explore life Concept 1.6 A set of themes connects the concepts of biology

Chapter 2- The chemical context of Life

Concept 2.1 Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds

Concept 2.2 An element's properties depend on the structure of its atoms

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Concept 2.3 The formation and function of molecules depends on chemical bonding between atoms

Concept 2.4 Chemical reactions make and break chemical bonds

Chapter 3- Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Concept 3.1 The polarity of water molecules results in hydrogen bonding Concept 3.2 Four emergent properties of water contribute to Earth's fitness for

life Concept 3.3 Dissociation of water molecules leads to acidic and basic conditions

that affect living organisms

Chapter 4- Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Concept 4.1 Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds Concept 4.2 Carbon atoms can form diverse molecules by bonding to four other

atoms Concept 4.3 Functional groups are the parts of molecules involved in chemical

reactions

Chapter 5- The Structure and Function of Macromolecules

Concept 5.1 Most macromolecules are polymers, built from monomers Concept 5.2 Carbohydrates serve as fuel and building material Concept 5.3 Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules Concept 5.4 Proteins have many structures, resulting in a wide range of functions Concept 5.5 Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary information

Chapter 6- A Tour of the Cell

Concept 6.1 To study cells, biologists use microscopes and the tools of biochemistry

Concept 6.2 Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions

Concept 6.3 The eukaryotic cell's genetic instructions are housed in the nucleus and carried out by the ribosomes

Concept 6.4 The endomembrane system regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell

Concept 6.5 Mitochondria and chloroplasts change energy from one form to another

Concept 6.6 The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell

Concept 6.7 Extracellular components and connections between cells help integrate cells into higher levels of structure and function

Chapter 14- Mendel and the Gene Idea

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Concept 14.1 Mendel used the scientific approach to identify two laws of inheritance

Concept 14.2 The laws of probability govern Mendelian inheritance Concept 14.3 Inheritance patterns are often more complex than predicted by

simple Mendelian genetics Concept 14.4 Many human traits follow Mendelian patterns of inheritance

Chapter 46- Animal Reproduction

Concept 46.1 Both sexual and asexual reproduction occur in the animal kingdom Concept 46.2 Fertilization depends on mechanisms that help sperm meet eggs of

the same species Concept 46.3 Reproductive organs produce and transport gametes: focus on

humans Concept 46.4 In humans and other mammals, a complex interplay of hormones

regulates gametogenesis Concept 46.5 In humans and other placental mammals, an embryo grows into a

newborn in the mother's uterus

Chapter 48- Nervous Systems

Concept 48.1 Nervous systems consist of circuits of neurons and supporting cells Concept 48.2 The membrane potential is the basis of information processing by

the nervous system Concept 48.3 Action potentials carry long-distance information in the nervous

system Concept 48.4 Neurons communicate with other cells at synapses Concept 48.5 The vertebrate nervous system is regionally specialized Concept 48.6 The cerebral cortex controls voluntary movement and cognitive

functions Concept 48.7 Much research effort is directed at treating CNS injuries and

diseases

There will be a quiz on them after the first full week of school. To find the website for the

quizzes, type in “205.173.44.50 Campbell Biology” in Google or type in website below.

http://bio2.shtechclub.org/cd/bc_campbell_biology_7/

THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE

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1. Important Biomolecules

Vocabulary

Dehydration synthesis(condensation reaction)

Covalent bonds Polymer vs. Monomer Carbohydrates

o Monosaccharides:Glucose

o DisaccharidesSucrose, Maltose

o Polysaccharides:starch / glycogen

/cellulose

Proteinso Amino acidso Enzyme

Lipidso Glycerolo Fatty acids

Nucleic acidso Nucleotides

Polar molecule Nonpolar molecule

2. The four most common elements (atoms) found in living things are:

1. 2. 3. 4.

3. Carbohydrates:

1. Are made up of monomers called ___________________.

2. _________-saccharides are two sugars linked together.

3. __________-saccharides are many sugars linked together, such as

___________________, ________________ and ___________________.

4. Provide cells with quick _____________________.

4. Lipids

1. Are made of 3 _________________ _____________ bonded to ____________.

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2. Function in the cell to build cell _______________s and are also good for

storing __________________ (calories).

5. Proteins

1. Perform many functions in cells. For example, an important function of __________________ is to increase the rate of chemical reactions, by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to take place.

2. E________________ are proteins.

3. This figure represents an _____________ ___________.

Label the functional groups that are circled.Amine ---- Acid

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6. Nucleic Acids

DNA Nucleotide Complementary base pairs

1. The two important functions of DNA in the cell are:

a. It stores information that tells cells what _______________ to make.

b. It contains the ______________ information that is passed from parent to offspring.

2. Label a simple DNA nucleotide showing the nitrogen base, deoxyribose sugar, and phosphate group.

3. Examine the portion of the DNA molecule that contains 12 nucleotides. Describe the shape of the molecule and the rules for complementary

base pairing.

4. A DNA molecule has a sequence of T A G C T C . What is the sequence of its

complementary strand?

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7. ATP

Explain the relationship between ATP and ADP.

When is energy given off for cells to use?

8. _________________ bonds are very strong bonds because they share a pair of electrons between atoms.

9. A pH less than 7 indicates something is an ______________.

A pH greater than 7 indicates something is a _____________.

Order the following from lowest pH to highest pH:

bleach, vinegar, pure water, stomach acid, blood, milk, ammonia

Cell Structure and Function

Vocabulary

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Prokaryote / prokaryotic cell Eukaryote / eukaryotic cell cell membrane ribosomes cytoplasm nucleus rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus chloroplasts mitochondria cell wall lysosomes

solute solvent hypertonic hypotonic isotonic diffusion osmosis facilitated diffusion carrier proteins exocytosis equilibrium

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1. Complete this table using terms from the vocabulary list:

Cell Part Function in the cellRegulates what enters and exits the cellControl center for eukaryotic cells; contains DNAProtein synthesis takes place on this “workbench”Converts chemical energy in food to ATPMembrane system that transports materials through the cell; if ribosomes are attached, it makes proteinsModifies and packages proteinsContain enzymes to digest damaged cell partsConverts light energy to chemical energy in plants

2. Create a Venn diagram comparing/contrasting prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

o Include at least 3 important facts for each category(eukaryote only; prokaryote only; all cells)

o Give an example of a prokaryote and a eukaryote.

3. Complete the table comparing/contrasting plant and animal cells.

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Unique Animal Cell Structures Common Cell Structures

Unique Plant Cell Structures

1.

2.

3.

4. List the 3 statements that make up the cell theory.

1.2.3.

5. Place in order from simplest to most complex level of organization:

cell, atom, molecule, organ system, tissue, population, organ, organelle, organism

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1.

2.

3.

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GeneticsDefine each term and give an example of each:

Homozygous

Heterozygous

Dominant

Recessive

Genotype

Phenotype

Gene

Allele

Test cross

1. Who was Gregor Mendel, and what was his contribution to the study of genetics?

2. Make Punnett squares to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring produced by each of the following crosses.

D = Dimples d = no dimples DD X DD Dd X DD DD X dd Dd X Dd dd X dd

Dd X dd

Does a Punnett square tell you the actual outcome of a mating? Explain.

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3. You mate two ferrets that are heterozygous for two traits: fur color B (brown) and b (white); and fur length H (short) and h (long).

These parents are brown with short-hair: BbHh x BbHh

How many of the offspring would you expect to be white with long fur(recessive for both traits - bbhh)? Assume a litter of 16 kits.

(Hint: Make a Punnett square for each trait, then multiply the

probabilityof offspring with white fur by the probability of offspring with long fur

tofind out the probability for the two traits occurring together.)

or

4. Black fur is dominant to brown fur in rabbits. You want to determine whether your black rabbit is homozygous (BB) or heterozygous (Bb).

Explain why it is better to mate your rabbit with a brown rabbit than with a heterozygous black rabbit.

(Note: this is called a test cross.)

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Have a great Summer, Lisa Hollis

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