Chapter 1. Richard Levins. 1986. Perspectives in integrated pest management from an industrial to an ecological model of pest management. Pages 1-18. In: Marcos Kogan (editor). Ecological Theory and Integrated Pest Management Practice. John Wiley Interscience, New York, 362 pages.

Keywords: approaches to pest management, direction of change, research strategy, response of equilibrium levels of variables to positive parameter changes entering the system by way of each variable, a hypothetical community, toward détente, implementation, mathematical model, high tech industrial model