US.1 Explain patterns of agricultural and industrial development as they relate to climate, use of natural resources, markets and trade, the growth of major urban areas, and describe the geographic considerations that led to the location of specialized industries such as textiles, automobiles, and steel.

Industrial Revolution is the movement to more mechanical means of production

Began in England in the late 1700’s Civil War got the movement to speed up in America because of the following :

1. Vast supply of natural resources2. Large coal field in Appalachians3. Large areas of forest around the

country4. Large areas of oil (Texas and

Oklahoma)5. Large immigrant population needing

work6. Large number of entrepreneurs

(investors in a business) who believed in the “rags to riches story”

Government had a limited role in the economy during the late 1800’s

Private property rights were considered more important than regulations

Laissez-faire - French for hands off meaning government should stay out of economy

Americans took the lead in the late 1800’s in developing new technologies

The number of new patents issued increased rapidly

Patent- grant issued by government that gives an inventor the exclusive right to his invention for a set number of years

New inventions led to a rabid growth of industry and made individuals rich overnight

Cornelius Vanderbilt George Westinghouse (2) Andrew Carnegie George Pullman Henry Bessemer Milton S. Hershey  J P Morgan Alexander Graham Bell  Thomas Edison (2) John D. Rockefeller Gustavus Franklin Swift Philip Danforth Armour Samuel Morse

A. Chocolate B. Telegraph C. Railroads D. Railway Air Brake E. Banks F. Phonograph G. Oil H. AC Power (Electricity) I. Light Bulb J. Steel K. Processed Meat L. Refrigerated Railroad Cars

M. Sleeping Car (Railroads)

N Telephone

Cornelius Vanderbilt (C) George Westinghouse (2) (D &H) Andrew Carnegie (J) George Pullman (M) Henry Bessemer (J) Milton S. Hershey  (A) J P Morgan (E) Alexander Graham Bell (N)  Thomas Edison (2) (F & I))

John D. Rockefeller (G) Gustavus Franklin Swift (L)

Philip Danforth Armour (K) Samuel Morse (B)

A. Chocolate B. Telegraph C. Railroads D. Railway Air Brake E. Banks F. Phonograph G. Oil H. AC Power (Electricity) I. Light Bulb J. Steel K. Processed Meat L. Refrigerated Railroad Cars

M. Sleeping Car (Railroads)

N. Telephone

Which of the following inventions do you believe was the most important: Telephone, Light bulb, Automobile, or the Airplane? Why?

American Time Period from 1868-1900

Known for vast corruption in government

Government actually controlled behind the scenes by the richest Americans

Time of wide gaps in quality of life between rich and poor

Black Friday-Grant’s brother-in-law was involved in scandal that caused Gold Market to crash

Price of gold fell and caused many investor to go bankrupt

Whiskey Ring- Group of liquor distillers and public officials (Grant’s Staff) defrauded the government of liquor taxes

Shot in DC Railroad Station by Charles J. Guiteau

Angry Pres. Garfield had not given him a government job after he had worked on his election campaign

President Chester A Arthur pushed for Civil Service reform (Pendleton Act)

Made sure government jobs went to qualified people (Civil Service Exam)

Ended the spoils system

Political club that ran New York City (Democratic Party)

Boss Tweed- Boss of Tammany Hall and Democratic Party in New York City

Accepted bribes and kickbacks in exchange for political favors

Exposed by Political Cartoonist Thomas Nast

Use the cartoon analysis handout and analyze two political cartoons from the Gilded Age Political Cartoons handout

Use the cartoon analysis handout and analyze the political cartoon from the Gilded Age Political Cartoons given to your group

Your group will explain your cartoon to the rest of the class

Immigration: late 19th and early 20th centuries

push factor – condition that drives people from their homeland

pull factor – condition that attracts people to move to a new area

1. Fleeing Persecution (Ethnic and religious)ex. From 1880 – 1914 approximately three million Russian Jews came to the U.S. in order to escape persecution

2. Famine / Poverty ex. In the 1840’s, over 1 million

people died in Ireland due to the Irish Potato Famine. As a result, over 1.5 million Irish immigrants came to the U.S. by 1860.

3. Political TurmoilEx. Millions of immigrants came

from Central and Southern Europe to escape civil wars in their homelands

4. Lack of Farmland in EuropeEx. Land was scarce in Europe,

but it was plentiful in the U.S.

1. Promise of freedom and a better Life

2. Family and friends already in America

3. Jobs available in America4. Cheap land 5. Cheap passage to America

(steerage)

Before 1870 most immigrants had these common characteristics:

1. Protestants2. From Northern and Western Europe

(Anglo-Saxon)3. Most spoke English4. Farmers or skilled workers who had

saved money for land before they came to America

After 1870 “new” immigrants had these common characteristics:

1. Catholic or Jewish2. From Ireland, Southern (Italy and

Greece), Eastern (Poland and Russia), and Central (Hungary) Europe

3. Did not speak English (besides Irish)4. Unskilled, poor, more likely to live

in cities

1. Make a bubble map of the push factors of immigration

2. Make a bubble map of the pull factors of immigration

3. Make a double bubble map comparing old and new immigrants

Chapter 3 Chapter 4

Laissez-Faire

Entrepreneur

Monopoly

Trust

Industrial Unions

Nativism

Tenement

Political Machine

Settlement House

Populism

Immigrationlate 19th and early 20th

centuries

Push Factors

lack of farmlandin Europe

fleeingpersecution

• Irish • Italians• Russian Jews

• Armenians

political turmoil

Central &Southern Europe

famine / poverty

• Irish• Chinese

Immigrationlate 19th and early 20th

centuries

Pull Factors

cheap land and passageto America

promise offreedom anda better life

available jobs in

factoriesand mines

join familyand friends

Adjusting to a New Land

· Most immigrants stayed in the cities where they landed.

· By 1900, lower Manhattan was the most crowded place in the world.

Hester Street, ca. 1900

Essex Street, Lower East Side, New York City, ca. 1900

· Immigrants adjusted by settling in communities with people of their own ethnic group.

Little Italy, New York CityA Jewish vendor in Lower East Side, New York City

Volunteer institutions known as settlement houses ran Americanization programs,(Jane Adams and Hull House) helping newcomers learn English and adopt American dress and diet

Nativism- belief that native-born white Americans were superior to newcomers

Many Americans feared that new immigrants would never assimilate (especially Asians)

Chinese Exclusion Act -barred the immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years

Jacob Riis – Men’s Lodging Room in the West 47th Street Station – c. 1892

City Life

• Poor families struggled to survive in crowded slums living in tenements (small apartments).

Hine, Lewis W. NYC tenement 1910

•Tenements were overcrowded, dirty and oftentimes had no windows, heat, or indoor bathrooms.

•Jacob Riis captured the plight of tenements in over 100 photos

Bunks in a seven-cent lodging-house, Pell Street

Street cleaning, Fourth Street

• Garbage collection and street cleaning began regularly.Reform

You are a “new” immigrant in 1900 New York City write a one page journal entry, poem or song describing your life

Must include the following1.The definition of tenement 2. A description of major problems faced by poor immigrants in late 19th century America

3. A description of yourself why did you come to America and the characteristics you share with other “new immigrants”

4. A discussion of the ways cities are trying to fix the problems in urban America and how it is impacting your live.

Many Americans for the first time had more free time and extra cash (growth of the middle class)

Conspicuous Consumerism- people wanted and bought the many new products on the market

Beginnings of mass advertising

Shopping, Sports and Entertainment

-Rowland H Macy opens a nine-story building- in New York City. (first department store)

Macy’s, New York City, 1964Macy’s, New York CityMacy’s, New York City, 1902

Urban areas with thousands of people became centers for new types of entertainment

Amusement Parks (Coney Island)

Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show

Circuses ( P T Barnum and Ringling Brothers)

- Vaudeville shows became extremely popular.

Examples: comedians, song and dance routines, and acrobats

Labors in the late 1800’s faced many problems:1.Sweatshops- factories where workers work long hours (12 hrs, 6 days a week) in small, dark , hot and dirty buildings

2.Child labor- low wages meant both males and females had to work and they brought their children with them (no child care) who were also given jobs

3.Company Towns- towns were the companies controlled everything from housing to the local stores (most common in mining companies)

Company towns would only pay workers money good in that town and than charge higher prices in the town stores

Farmers’ Alliance- farmers joined together to pressure the government to make railroad lower rates and control interest rates

Farmers and Labor Unions later joined to form the Populist Party of America

1. Increased circulation of money2. Unlimited minting of Silver3. Progressive Income Tax4. Government ownership of all

communication and transportation companies

Started Tuskegee Institute in Alabama

Gave a Famous Speech on Race Relations in Atlanta (Atlanta Compromise)

Argued that Blacks should first learn a skill and than they would be accepted by whites

Blacks should try to live peaceably with whites and not try to get any power

Disagreed with Washington

One of the founders of the NAACP

Argued blacks should fight for their rights

Whites would never end discrimination of blacks unless blacks stood up for themselves and gained positions of power