Two Legends Two Legends explain the explain the Founding of Founding of Rome:Rome:

Romulus and Romulus and RemusRemus

The Aeneid The Aeneid by by Virgil Virgil

Two Legends Two Legends explain the explain the Founding of Founding of Rome:Rome:

Romulus and Romulus and RemusRemus

The Aeneid The Aeneid by by Virgil Virgil

Twin sons of the Twin sons of the Roman God Roman God of War, Mars, of War, Mars, who were left who were left to die by their evil great to die by their evil great uncle, Amuliusuncle, Amulius

The twins will be raised by a The twins will be raised by a she-wolf until they grow she-wolf until they grow older older

They will build a city on the They will build a city on the Tiber River, Tiber River, but fight over but fight over who should rule who should rule

Twin sons of the Twin sons of the Roman God Roman God of War, Mars, of War, Mars, who were left who were left to die by their evil great to die by their evil great uncle, Amuliusuncle, Amulius

The twins will be raised by a The twins will be raised by a she-wolf until they grow she-wolf until they grow older older

They will build a city on the They will build a city on the Tiber River, Tiber River, but fight over but fight over who should rule who should rule

The brothers agree The brothers agree to let the gods to let the gods decide. Romulus decide. Romulus sees 12 vultures and sees 12 vultures and Remus sees 6Remus sees 6

Disagreeing on the Disagreeing on the meaning they fight meaning they fight and Romulus kills and Romulus kills Remus, and names Remus, and names the city the city RomeRome

RomulusRomulus is the first is the first king of Romeking of Rome

The brothers agree The brothers agree to let the gods to let the gods decide. Romulus decide. Romulus sees 12 vultures and sees 12 vultures and Remus sees 6Remus sees 6

Disagreeing on the Disagreeing on the meaning they fight meaning they fight and Romulus kills and Romulus kills Remus, and names Remus, and names the city the city RomeRome

RomulusRomulus is the first is the first king of Romeking of Rome

Many years later, the Many years later, the Roman author Roman author Virgil Virgil wrote about the wrote about the origins of Rome and origins of Rome and the the Trojan Prince, Trojan Prince, Aeneas, Aeneas, son of Venus son of Venus (Roman Goddess of (Roman Goddess of Love) Love)

Aeneas leads the Aeneas leads the survivors of Troy to a survivors of Troy to a new homeland= new homeland= RomeRome

Romulus and Remus Romulus and Remus are descendants of are descendants of Aeneas Aeneas

Many years later, the Many years later, the Roman author Roman author Virgil Virgil wrote about the wrote about the origins of Rome and origins of Rome and the the Trojan Prince, Trojan Prince, Aeneas, Aeneas, son of Venus son of Venus (Roman Goddess of (Roman Goddess of Love) Love)

Aeneas leads the Aeneas leads the survivors of Troy to a survivors of Troy to a new homeland= new homeland= RomeRome

Romulus and Remus Romulus and Remus are descendants of are descendants of Aeneas Aeneas

Aeneas on his journey will fall in love with Queen Dido of Carthage, who he leaves. She vows that her people, the Carthaginians and Aeneas’ relatives will always be enemies

Aeneas also marries the daughter of the King of the Latins and will become their king.

Rome was located in the middle of the Italian peninsula in the land of Latium

Advantages of Location:

1. Rome was built on 7 hills

2. The Tiber River flows through the city

3. Only 15 miles from the Tyrrhenian Sea

Early ItaliansEarly ItaliansEarly ItaliansEarly Italians

EtruscansEtruscansEtruscansEtruscans

““People of the Sea.”People of the Sea.”

The Romans would borrow The Romans would borrow much from them!much from them!

““People of the Sea.”People of the Sea.”

The Romans would borrow The Romans would borrow much from them!much from them!

Origin of the EtruscansOrigin of the EtruscansOrigin of the EtruscansOrigin of the Etruscans Between 900 and 500 BCE

Called themselves the Rasenna, the Greeks called them Tyrrhenioi; the Romans called them the Etruscans.

Came from eastern Mediterranean, possibly Lydia in Asia Minor.

Their land was called Etruria.

Between 900 and 500 BCE

Called themselves the Rasenna, the Greeks called them Tyrrhenioi; the Romans called them the Etruscans.

Came from eastern Mediterranean, possibly Lydia in Asia Minor.

Their land was called Etruria.

Etruscan MilitaryEtruscan MilitaryEtruscan MilitaryEtruscan Military

Bronze WarriorBronze Warrior6c BCE Chariot6c BCE Chariot

Etruscan Political SystemEtruscan Political SystemEtruscan Political SystemEtruscan Political System Independent city-states that

were protected with walls.

Formed small confederacies.

Had a strong military that dominated all the surrounding peoples, their secret weapon was the shoe

By 6c BCE, the Etruscan military had conquered much of the Italian peninsula, including Rome and the island of Corsica.

Independent city-states that were protected with walls.

Formed small confederacies.

Had a strong military that dominated all the surrounding peoples, their secret weapon was the shoe

By 6c BCE, the Etruscan military had conquered much of the Italian peninsula, including Rome and the island of Corsica.

Tarquin [Etruscan] Rulers of Tarquin [Etruscan] Rulers of RomeRome

Tarquin [Etruscan] Rulers of Tarquin [Etruscan] Rulers of RomeRome

Reign of RomulusReign of Romulus 753-716 BCE753-716 BCE

Numa PompiliusNuma Pompilius 715-674 BCE715-674 BCE

Tullius HostilliusTullius Hostillius 673-642 BCE673-642 BCE

Anchus MarciusAnchus Marcius 642-617 BCE642-617 BCE

Lucius Tarquinian PriscusLucius Tarquinian Priscus 616-579 BCE616-579 BCE

Servius TulliusServius Tullius 578-535 BCE578-535 BCE

Lucius Tarquinius SuperbusLucius Tarquinius Superbus 535-510 BCE535-510 BCE

509 BCE509 BCE Roman Revolt Roman Revolt Republic Republic Established!Established!

Etruscan WritingEtruscan WritingEtruscan WritingEtruscan Writing

Most inscriptions found on tombs and monuments and mirrors.

We can pronounce Etruscanwords, because they use analphabet similar to Greek, but wehave no clue about their meaning.

Over 10,000 Etruscan inscriptions.

Most inscriptions found on tombs and monuments and mirrors.

We can pronounce Etruscanwords, because they use analphabet similar to Greek, but wehave no clue about their meaning.

Over 10,000 Etruscan inscriptions.

Etruscan Writing TabletEtruscan Writing TabletEtruscan Writing TabletEtruscan Writing Tablet

Lemnos Stelae – 6c BCELemnos Stelae – 6c BCELemnos Stelae – 6c BCELemnos Stelae – 6c BCE

The Etruscan AlphabetThe Etruscan AlphabetThe Etruscan AlphabetThe Etruscan Alphabet

Etruscan ReligionEtruscan ReligionEtruscan ReligionEtruscan Religion Polytheistic and similar to the

Greek gods

Believed that the destiny of manwas determined by the whims of the gods.

Believed in prophecy and readingthe signs of nature by soothsayers who read the omens

Believed in predestination.

Polytheistic and similar to the Greek gods

Believed that the destiny of manwas determined by the whims of the gods.

Believed in prophecy and readingthe signs of nature by soothsayers who read the omens

Believed in predestination.

Reconstruction of anReconstruction of anEtruscan TempleEtruscan Temple

Reconstruction of anReconstruction of anEtruscan TempleEtruscan Temple

Etruscan Cemetery: Etruscan Cemetery:

NecropolisNecropolis

Etruscan Cemetery: Etruscan Cemetery:

NecropolisNecropolis

Etruscan Etruscan FuneralFuneral& Tomb& Tomb

Etruscan Etruscan FuneralFuneral& Tomb& Tomb

Etruscan Etruscan Tomb Tomb Wall &Wall &

Tomb FrescoTomb Fresco

Etruscan Etruscan Tomb Tomb Wall &Wall &

Tomb FrescoTomb Fresco

Interior of an Etruscan Interior of an Etruscan TombTomb

Interior of an Etruscan Interior of an Etruscan TombTomb

CatacombCatacombCatacombCatacomb

Etruscan ArtEtruscan ArtEtruscan ArtEtruscan Art Art created for religious or utilitarian

purposes.

Most famous pieces created out ofterracotta.

Many murals and frescoes on tomb walls.

Lively depictions of life—dancing, games,music, and feasting.

Pottery at first copies of Greek works. Later, created their own bronze pottery.

Bronze crafts [mirrors, bowls, candelabra].

Art created for religious or utilitarianpurposes.

Most famous pieces created out ofterracotta.

Many murals and frescoes on tomb walls.

Lively depictions of life—dancing, games,music, and feasting.

Pottery at first copies of Greek works. Later, created their own bronze pottery.

Bronze crafts [mirrors, bowls, candelabra].

Etruscan BronzesEtruscan BronzesEtruscan BronzesEtruscan Bronzes

Etruscan Gold JewelryEtruscan Gold JewelryEtruscan Gold JewelryEtruscan Gold Jewelry

Etruscan Jars & VasesEtruscan Jars & VasesEtruscan Jars & VasesEtruscan Jars & Vases

Sarcophagus of an Sarcophagus of an Etruscan CoupleEtruscan Couple

Sarcophagus of an Sarcophagus of an Etruscan CoupleEtruscan Couple

Etruscan WrestlersEtruscan WrestlersEtruscan WrestlersEtruscan Wrestlers

Dance, Dance, Spin !Dance, Dance, Spin !Dance, Dance, Spin !Dance, Dance, Spin !

Double FlutistDouble Flutist

Life-Size Statue of an Life-Size Statue of an Etruscan Baby in Etruscan Baby in

Swaddling ClothesSwaddling Clothes

Life-Size Statue of an Life-Size Statue of an Etruscan Baby in Etruscan Baby in

Swaddling ClothesSwaddling Clothes

An Etruscan BanquetAn Etruscan BanquetAn Etruscan BanquetAn Etruscan Banquet

Before the

Etruscans

Before the

Etruscans

After the EtruscansAfter the Etruscans

The Gate of Volterra:The Gate of Volterra:First known Archway in First known Archway in

History!History!

The Gate of Volterra:The Gate of Volterra:First known Archway in First known Archway in

History!History!

The ARCHThe ARCH

The Arch today!!!The Arch today!!!

TRIUMPH!TRIUMPH!

Triumphs

today!!!

Triumphs

today!!!

Gladiatorial

Games

Gladiatorial

Games

FascesFasces

Fasces in the U.S. House of Representatives

Fasces in the U.S. House of Representatives