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Took over the leadership of the Mormons after Joseph Smiths death; in 1847 led 1,600 of them to settle in Utah

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Missionaries who, in 1836, became the first white settlers to travel west and settle in Oregon, their glowing reports of the riches of the land motivated thousands to move

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American general who led the northern advance into Mexico in 1846; his military victories in the war helped him win the presidency in 1848

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Swiss immigrant who had a fort built on 50,000 acres of land in the Sacramento Valley of California; in 1848, gold was found on his land

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Founder of the Mormons, members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, he was killed in 1844 by an anti-Mormon mob

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American general who led the army that captured Mexico City in September 1847

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Elected president in 1844, promised Oregon and Texas, acquired both, went to war with Mexico and acquired the Mexican Cession

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In 1848 was sent by Sutter to build a sawmill on the American River, found gold instead.

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General in the Texan army, defeated Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto in April 1836; became the first president of the Republic of Texas

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American explorer who led the rebellion against Mexican rule in California in 1846

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Senator from Kentucky who was the Whig candidate for president in 1844, fought the annexation of Texas because he believed it would lead to war with Mexico

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A Missouri trader who thought a profit could be made if a trade route existed between Independence and Santa Fe in the early1820s

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Helped bring American settlers to Texas in the early 1820s, became known as the Father of Texas

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Worked for temperance, abolition, and womens rights, especially wanted to see women get the right to control their own property and wages

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French born artist who is best known for his paintings of Birds of America, member of the Hudson River School

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American poet who wrote about nature, love, and death, most poems were published after her death

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Believed that the mentally ill were being treated harshly, starting in 1841 she began working to improve conditions

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Former slave who escaped in 1838 and became one of the speakers for the Massachusetts Anti- Slavery Society, published an anti- slavery newspaper called The North Star

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Writer who wanted Americans to take pride in their own culture, member of a group of thinkers who started transcendentalism

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Started publishing the anti-slavery newspaper The Liberator in 1831

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Wrote about love, guilt and revenge in Puritan America, most famous book is The Scarlet Letter

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Americas first author to win European respect, most famous for Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

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In 1837 became the head of the 1 st state board of education, known as the Father of Public Education believed that education was the great equalizer

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Took up the cause of Womens Rights when they were denied access to the World Anti- Slavery Convention in London in 1840, helped organize a convention on the subject in their New York hometown

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Created the 1 st detective story when he wrote The Murders in the Rue Morgue, also wrote stories that influenced todays horror

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Student of Emerson who believed that people should live up to their own individual standards, also thought that people should not obey laws they considered unjust

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Born into slavery, her original name was Isabella Baumfee, fought through the courts to regain her son, fought for abolition and womens rights

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Born into slavery, most famous conductor on the Underground Railroad, even though there was a price on her head, she made 19 trips into the South to help lead others to freedom

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Teacher and lawyer who published his 1 st dictionary in 1828, revised it in 1840, helped to create American English