MODERN METHODS OF EXAMINATION IN OPHTHALMOLOGY

The purpose of the lesson

To explain the main methods of examination of an eye,

to show the methods that should be performed by general practitioner,

to know how to write "status localis“ in medical records.

Students should know: Functions of an eye Methods of

examination of an eye

Objective methods of examination

Correctly write down the ocular status into medical record

Students should be able to Examine every

visual function Examine eye in

transient and lateral illumination

Examine corneal sensitivity

Ophthalmoscopes Ophthalmoscope is used to evaluate

visually retina, ocular fundus. During ophthalmoscopy you can examine retinal vessels, it is important for diagnostics of cerebral hypertension and arterial hypertension.

Computer perimetry

Computer perimetry is absolutely pain-free accurate and reliable method. It helps to find out defects of visual field, its sizes and depth. It can help to diagnose early lesions of optic nerve, optic tracts, sensitivity of retina. Ophthalmologists can diagnose such diseases as: Glaucoma;Retinal detachment;Pathologies of optic nerve (inflammatory and vascular);Retinal pathologies;Neoplasms;And others.

Contactless endothelial microscope

This microscope helps to evaluate cornea (layers, volume and quality of its tissue, diametr of cornea). The apparatus is used in diagnostics of lens implantation, after surgeries on cornea, cataract, dynamics of corneal endothelial dystrophies to evaluate corneal tissues and diagnostics of corneal diseases.

IOL-MASTER.

To evaluate IOL indicators after cataract surgery today laser optic biometry with IOL-MASTER is used.

Biomicroscopy of an eye — a method of visual examination of optic media and ocular tissues. It is used to examine conjunctiva, cornea, iris, anterior chamber of an eye, lens, vitreous, and central parts of ocular fundus (biomicroophthalmoscopy).

Ultrasound of an eye is used for different purposes. It is possible to perform ultrasound (US) in retinal detatchment or subluxation of lens . With the help of US it is possible to find intraocular foreign body and condition of optic nerve layers.

Оptik koregentli tomografiya. Yuqori darajada ko’zning tiniq muhitlari tiriklikdagi optik tasvirini olishda qo’llaniladi.

Autorefkeratometer ( Unicos, South Korea) – quickly and clearly shows all optic characteristics. The apparatus helps to diagnose spasm of accomodation, atigmatism, its type and early stage of miopia and low hyperopia.

Questions for control  1. What are the tasks of organ of vision? 2. What is central vision and what are the

methods of its examination? 3. What is peripheral field of vision, methods

of its examination and pathologic changes? 4. Colour vision and light perception, what are

the methods of their examination? 5. Binocular vision, methods of examination?