© Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University1 digital libraries and human information behavior Tefko...
-
Upload
bruno-jenkins -
Category
Documents
-
view
223 -
download
0
Transcript of © Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University1 digital libraries and human information behavior Tefko...
![Page 1: © Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University1 digital libraries and human information behavior Tefko Saracevic, Ph.D. School of Communication, Information and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d305503460f94a08b99/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
© Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University 1
digital libraries and
human information behavior
Tefko Saracevic, Ph.D.School of Communication, Information
and Library StudiesRutgers University
http://www.scils.rutgers.edu/~tefko
![Page 2: © Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University1 digital libraries and human information behavior Tefko Saracevic, Ph.D. School of Communication, Information and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d305503460f94a08b99/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
© Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University 2
digital libraries• global phenomenon
– many institutions & fields involved– many research efforts & programs– many practical developments in and
beyond libraries– large expenditures in research & practice– applications & use growing exponentially– huge effects, some unpredictable – but study of human aspects relatively
neglected
![Page 3: © Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University1 digital libraries and human information behavior Tefko Saracevic, Ph.D. School of Communication, Information and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d305503460f94a08b99/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
© Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University 3
what are digital libraries?
• a number of conceptions with varying emphasis on:– technical aspects– content– organization– access– use– institutions
• research & practice differ in emphasis• technological imperative predominates
![Page 4: © Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University1 digital libraries and human information behavior Tefko Saracevic, Ph.D. School of Communication, Information and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d305503460f94a08b99/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
© Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University 4
Institution, Context
Task, Context
A digital library service model
D iscoveryM ethods
D issem inationM ethods
S torage M ethods
Digital Library
C ontentP ackages
P reservationM ethods
M etadata
Acc
ess
Man
agem
ent
CollectionManagement
U sers
D iscovery Tools
D issem inationTools
Q ueries
R esu lt sets
R equests
D issem inations
Producers
Deposit Tools
Deposit
Selection
adapted from Donald Waters, Digital Library Federation
![Page 5: © Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University1 digital libraries and human information behavior Tefko Saracevic, Ph.D. School of Communication, Information and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d305503460f94a08b99/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
© Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University 5
where do humans fit?• in all of these processes
– but when looking at information behavior in the context of digital libraries, we tend to restrict it to user and use end – left side of the model
– as yet, we are not sure •what processes & variables to observe•what context & effects to include•what models, measures,
methodologies to use
![Page 6: © Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University1 digital libraries and human information behavior Tefko Saracevic, Ph.D. School of Communication, Information and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d305503460f94a08b99/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
© Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University 6
dl research
• most done on right side of the model– technical aspects, content handling,
organization, operations, access tools …
• in comparison human information behavior was investigated much less– still there are a number of studies in a
variety of countries
![Page 7: © Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University1 digital libraries and human information behavior Tefko Saracevic, Ph.D. School of Communication, Information and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d305503460f94a08b99/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
© Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University 7
context of studies
• some studies indeed concentrated on human information behavior in d-libraries
• but, most were a part of d-lib evaluation– users used various features/processes– i.e. evaluation was goal and findings on human
information behavior were a byproduct• d-library evaluation & studies of human
information behavior are mixed together
![Page 8: © Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University1 digital libraries and human information behavior Tefko Saracevic, Ph.D. School of Communication, Information and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d305503460f94a08b99/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
© Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University 8
methods used
• surveys• interviews• observations• think aloud• focus groups• ethnographic
analysis
• log analysis• record analysis • experiments• given task
accomplishments
• economic preferences
• you named it!
![Page 9: © Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University1 digital libraries and human information behavior Tefko Saracevic, Ph.D. School of Communication, Information and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d305503460f94a08b99/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
© Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University 9
classes of variables studied
• users – who uses a d-library?• features – what features are used?• access – how is it used?• use – what content is used? for
what?• usability – ease? effectiveness?• outcomes – with what results?
![Page 10: © Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University1 digital libraries and human information behavior Tefko Saracevic, Ph.D. School of Communication, Information and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d305503460f94a08b99/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
© Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University 10
users
• population, reasons– who uses a given d-library and why?
• tasks, queries– what is their nature?
• knowledge, understanding– what knowledge & learning needed?
• preferences, expectations– what is preferred? expected?
![Page 11: © Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University1 digital libraries and human information behavior Tefko Saracevic, Ph.D. School of Communication, Information and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d305503460f94a08b99/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
© Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University 11
features• features
– what available features in a d-library are being used?
• frequency & amount– how much are they used? distribution?
• patterns– what may be patterns in use of any
feature?• individual differences
– how do individuals differ in use of features?
![Page 12: © Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University1 digital libraries and human information behavior Tefko Saracevic, Ph.D. School of Communication, Information and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d305503460f94a08b99/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
© Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University 12
access• access
– how? from where? how often? repeated?
• discovery– how searched, navigated,
browsed, retrieved?• time, effort
– what does it take to use & find?
![Page 13: © Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University1 digital libraries and human information behavior Tefko Saracevic, Ph.D. School of Communication, Information and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d305503460f94a08b99/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
© Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University 13
use
• distribution– how many items in collection used?
• application– for what were the items actually
used?
• social– what are social practices associated
with digital library use?
![Page 14: © Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University1 digital libraries and human information behavior Tefko Saracevic, Ph.D. School of Communication, Information and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d305503460f94a08b99/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
© Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University 14
usability
• ease of use– how easy are interfaces & features to
use?• effectiveness
– how effectively are they used? • barriers
– what hindrances? frustrations?• learning effort
– how much needs to be learned? how?
![Page 15: © Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University1 digital libraries and human information behavior Tefko Saracevic, Ph.D. School of Communication, Information and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d305503460f94a08b99/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
© Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University 15
outcomes
• downloads– what & how much is downloaded?
• assessments– what value? relevance? usefulness?
satisfaction?• effects
– what impact on activities? • e.g. education, scholarly communication
![Page 16: © Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University1 digital libraries and human information behavior Tefko Saracevic, Ph.D. School of Communication, Information and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d305503460f94a08b99/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
© Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University 16
some interesting results
• users– half are repeated users
• features– many not used
• access– varies by nature of desired materials– users vary in skills & understanding
![Page 17: © Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University1 digital libraries and human information behavior Tefko Saracevic, Ph.D. School of Communication, Information and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d305503460f94a08b99/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
© Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University 17
results …
• use– 80 – 20 rule seems valid – a small
proportion of collection is used– downloads are significant
• usability– many barriers to use– effectiveness varies greatly– frustration is easily triggered
![Page 18: © Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University1 digital libraries and human information behavior Tefko Saracevic, Ph.D. School of Communication, Information and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d305503460f94a08b99/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
© Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University 18
results …
• outcomes– many queries do not lead to
viewing– text materials not appealing– valuing varies with age
![Page 19: © Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University1 digital libraries and human information behavior Tefko Saracevic, Ph.D. School of Communication, Information and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d305503460f94a08b99/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
© Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University 19
studying inf behavior in d-library context
• impossible? not really• hard? very• mostly subsumed under d-library
evaluation• could not generalize yet• no theories• no general models emerged yet,
although some proposed– here is one
![Page 20: © Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University1 digital libraries and human information behavior Tefko Saracevic, Ph.D. School of Communication, Information and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d305503460f94a08b99/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
© Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University 20
d-lib
rary
model for studying human inf behavior in digital
librariesusers, tasks, contexts
outcomes
features
access
use
usability
seeking inf
![Page 21: © Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University1 digital libraries and human information behavior Tefko Saracevic, Ph.D. School of Communication, Information and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d305503460f94a08b99/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
© Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University 21
technological imperative
• human information behavior in d-libraries quite different then in traditional libraries
• behavior related more to technology side then library side
![Page 22: © Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University1 digital libraries and human information behavior Tefko Saracevic, Ph.D. School of Communication, Information and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d305503460f94a08b99/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
© Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University 22
conclusions
• research on human information behavior in d-libraries still in infancy
• not funded much, if at all• but necessary for
understanding how to build better d-libraries and services
![Page 23: © Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University1 digital libraries and human information behavior Tefko Saracevic, Ph.D. School of Communication, Information and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d305503460f94a08b99/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
© Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University 23
inf behavior
digital library
How to do it?
![Page 24: © Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University1 digital libraries and human information behavior Tefko Saracevic, Ph.D. School of Communication, Information and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d305503460f94a08b99/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
© Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University 24
sources
• URLs for the mentioned & many other sites dealing with studies on d-library– evaluation – human information behavior– usability can be found on:
http://scils.rutgers.edu/~miceval
![Page 25: © Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University1 digital libraries and human information behavior Tefko Saracevic, Ph.D. School of Communication, Information and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d305503460f94a08b99/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
© Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University 25
![Page 26: © Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University1 digital libraries and human information behavior Tefko Saracevic, Ph.D. School of Communication, Information and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d305503460f94a08b99/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
© Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University 26