Study of the form, shape, and appearance of the animal.
-
Upload
griselda-todd -
Category
Documents
-
view
228 -
download
2
Transcript of Study of the form, shape, and appearance of the animal.
ANIMAL ORGAN SYSTEMS
ANATOMY
Study of the form, shape , and appearance of the animal.
PHYSIOLOGY
Focuses on the function of the cells, tissues, organs and systems of the body
Systems of the body – skeletal, muscular, nervous, circulatory, respiratory, excretory, and digestive
SKELETAL SYTEM
SKELETAL SYSTEM
Protects the delicate internal organs and helps keep them properly arranged the body
Bones – hard part of skeleton, made of calcium, phosphorus, and other substances
Cartilage – found at the ends of bones, flexable material that lubricates the joints and cushion shocks.
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
MUSCULAR SYSTEM.
Largest system in the body, making up 45% of the body weight of hogs, cattle and chickens.
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Locomotion Circulation Digestion Breathing
MUSCULAR TYPES
Voluntary - Controlled by thinking part of the brain
Involuntary – Automatically controlled by a lower part of the brain
NERVOUS SYSTEM
NERVOUS SYSTEMS
Made up of nerve tissue that conducts electrical impulses from the brain to the muscles by way of the spinal cord.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Brain, spinal cord, and nerves Memory, actions, and reasoning are in
the brain Spinal cord is the main tissue through
which the brain sends and receives messages
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Contain nerves that are connected to the involuntary muscles and organs
Provides for near automatic operation of the organs
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Includes all of the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
Muscles action is sent through these nerves by the brain
RECEPTORS
Collect information from the environment
The five sensory receptor types are1. Sight2. Hearing3. Touch4. Taste5. Smell
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Moves blood throughout the body.
Blood is made of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
BLOOD
Plasma – 90% water Glucose, vitamins, minerals, and amino
acids (proteins) Red blood cells - contain hemoglobin
and are made in the bone marrow White blood cells – help fight off
disease Platelets – essential for blood to clot
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM PARTS
Heart – pump that sends blood throughout the system
Arteries – vessels that carry blood from the heart
Capillaries – small branches from the arteries that carry blood to the cells
Veins – carry blood back to the heart
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Respiratory system moves gases to and from the circulatory system.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM CONT.
Internal respiration – exchange of gases between the cells and the blood within the body
External respiration – exchanges of gases in the lungs between the blood and the atmosphere
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM CONT.
Nostrils – openings near mouth through which gases enter and leave the body
Pharynx – connects the nose area with the mouth area
Larynx – often called a voice box Trachea – wind pipe – connects pharynx
with lungs Lungs – gas is exchanged between
atmosphere and blood
BREATHING
Inspiration – Process of taking air into the lungs
Expiration – Process of moving air out of lungs
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Rids the body of wastes from cell activity
Skin Kidneys Ureter Bladder Urethra
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Skin - Rids the body of waste through perspiration
Kidneys – Filter the blood for wastes from cells and excess water and minerals
Ureter – Tube that connects the kidney to the bladder
Bladder – stores the urine made by the kidneys
Urethra – tube that carries urine out of the body
Chicken urinary tract
No bladder 2 kidneys with ureters to carry the
urinary waste to the cloaca. The uric acid is discharged into the
cloaca and excreted with the feces. The white pasty material in chicken
droppings is considered to be urinary system excretion.
Ruminant and non-ruminant
DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS
DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS
Process of breaking down food into molecules that the body can absorb
2 types – Ruminant and Non- Ruminant
RUMINANT ANIMALS
Cattle, sheep, and goats Chew their cud Cud - a portion of food that returns from a ruminant's stomach in the mouth to be chewed for the second time
NON – RUMINANT ANIMALS
Horses, hogs, and chickens Do not chew cud
DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS
Mouth – Food enters the body by ingestion
Esophagus – connects mouth to stomach
Food and water moves by swallowing Stomach – one compartment in non-
ruminants and 4 compartments in ruminants
Small Intestine – absorbs nutrients and water
DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS
Large Intestine – absorbs water and makes waste more solid
Anus – opening in the body through which the large intestine expels solid waste
RUMINANTS
Rumen – first and largest compartment – stores a large amount of feed Aids the to help bring feed back to mouth
for rechewing Reticulum – stores food and sorts out
foreign materials Helps prevent hardware disease Contains bacteria to help break down feed
RUMINANTS
Omasum – has strong alls that help break food apart
Abomasum – like a non ruminant stomach Contains gastric juices that mix with feed
and further break it down.
RUMINANTS
Can use large amounts of roughages such at grass, clover and other vegetation
Usually do not need large amounts of expensive grain and other concentrated feeds.
Chicken Digestive System
Mechanically Chemically
Chicken digestive tract
Beak Esophagus Crop Proventriculus Gizzard Small Intestine Pancreas Liver Caeca
Chicken Digestions
Beak – food swallowed with out chewing
Salvia contains a starch reducing enzyme that begins to break down food.
The oesophagus is a flexible tube that food passes down into the crop.
Chicken Digestion
Crop – a pouch at the base of the neck that stores food.
The esophagus continues past the crop to the proventriculus.
In the proventriculus the food is mixed with acids and more digestive enzymes.
Chicken Digestion
Gizzard – strong muscular tube that has grit to help it grind the food down.
Then the food moves into the small intestine.
Here enzymes from the pancreas break down the protein.
Also, bile from the liver breaks down the fat.
Caeca – a pair of tubes that allow fermentation of the undigested food.
Caeca – a pair of tubes that allow fermentation of the undigested food.
The Large Intestine absorbs water and the last remaining nutrients.
Cloaca or vent is where feces, urine and eggs pass.