A 10-step guide to monitoring and evaluating children's participation
Student will be able to describe the step by step process of evaluating injuries.
Transcript of Student will be able to describe the step by step process of evaluating injuries.
EVALUATING INJURIES
OBJECTIVES Student will be able to describe the step
by step process of evaluating injuries
REGOGNITION OF INJURIES The primary functions of an athletic
trainer are to: recognize when injury occurred to determine its severity and to apply proper evaluation procedures and
treatment protocols
EMERGENCY CONSIDERATIONS There are 2 major considerations in
emergency evaluation:Control of life-threatening conditions and
activation of emergency medical servicesManagement of non-life-threatening injuries
. IF ANY OF THE FOLLOWING SITUATIONS EXIST, IMMEDIATE REFERRAL IS CRITICAL loss of breathing severe bleeding suspicion of intracranial bleeding and bleeding
from ears, mouth, +/or nose unconsciousness shock obvious deformity suspected fracture/dislocation pain, tenderness, or deformity along vertebral
column loss of motor sensory sensation loss of motion doubt about severity of the injury
EMERGENCY TRANSPORTATION PROCEDURES 2 points to consider when deciding
about transportation: availability of emergency ambulance service severity of injury
Athletic training staff or coaches should NEVER transport an athlete in a private vehicle.
EMT’s are skilled, practiced pros. who routinely provide advanced medical care and transport injured patients.They have the proper equipment and
training to prepare injured athletes for transportation.
EVALUATING INJURIESPrimary Survey
airway breathing circulation
SECONDARY SURVEY after primary survey has
determined there is no life-threatening condition.
It consists of 2 elements:History Physical Examination
INJURY HISTORY ask questions of the athlete to determine:
mechanism of injury how did the injury occur?
onset of symptoms when did symptoms begin
location of injury quantity and quality of pain type and location of any abnormal sensationsprogression of signs and symptomsactivities that make the symptoms better or worse
PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONEvaluate Vital Signs:
abnormal nerve response blood pressure movement pulse respirations skin color state of consciousness temperature
EVALUATION OF NON-LIFE-THREATENING INJURIES First rule out life-threatening injury EVALUATION Process involves 4 steps
HOPS History – Injury History Observation Palpation Special Tests
INJURY HISTORY
Trying to determine the injury mechanism
How did it happen? (mechanism of injury)
Where does it hurt? (location of pain)
Did you hear a pop or snap? (sensations experienced)
Have you injured this anatomical structure before” (previous injury)
OBSERVATION compare the uninvolved to the involved
anatomical structure (bilateral comparison)
Signs and Symptoms Look for:
Bleedingdeformity (disfigurement)swelling (edema)discoloration (ecchymosis)Scars oother sign of trauma
PALPATION Physical Inspection of the injury Palpate above and below injury site first. Then palpate injury site. Pinpoint the site of the most severe
pain. (point tenderness) Use bilateral comparison – compare
good side to injured side.
SPECIAL TESTSSpecial tests and functional tests are used to
determine if damage has been done to the anatomical structures
These tests include testing for: joint stability muscle/tendon stability accessary anatomical structures
example: synovial capsules, bursa, menisci
inflammatory conditionsrange of motionpain or weakness in the affected area
EVALUATION FORMAT SOAP
SubjectiveObjectiveAssessmentPlan
SUBJECTIVE asking question about pre-existing or
existing injuriesHow it happened?When it happened?What did you feel?Has this ever happened before?Types of painWhere does it hurt?
OBJECTIVE• Involves visual, physical, and
functional inspectionSwelling - DeformityEcchymosis - SymmetryRange of Motion - ScarsFacial expression - CirculationNeurological tests - BoneSoft tissue - Gait / walkSports-specific movements
ASSESSMENT Try to determine:
Probable cause of the injury
Impressions of injury siteSeverity of injuryTreatment goals
PLAN What immediate and long term action
should be taken to care for the injury?Immediate actionReferralModalities utilizedPreventive techniquesRehabilitation considerationsCriteria for return to active lifestyle
BASIC TREATMENT PROTOCOL Prevention
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
Support
PREVENTION Protect the injury from further damage by removing
the athlete from participation.
RESTAfter evaluation is completed, rest injury for
at least 24 hrs., but could be longer. length of rest dependent on severity of injury.
ICE Apply cold to injured area
to control bleeding and swelling Two equally effective methods:
Ice packs-plastic bags filled with ice covered with a
wet towel.Treatment lasts 15 min. , 6-8 times per day.
Cold water immersion bath-use bath tub/large basin with water temp.
50/60 degrees for 10 min., 6-8 times per day.
COMPRESSIONuse compression wrap to control swelling
begin distally (farthest from heart)spiral the wrap toward the heartremove the wrap every 4 hoursthings to look for if wrap is too tight:
extremities turning blue or pink numbness & tingling of extremities
increased pain
ELEVATION Keep injured body part elevated higher than the
heartallows gravity to keep excessive blood &
swelling out of injured area.
SUPPORT first aid splint crutches for lower extremity injuries sling for upper extremity injuries