© Stefana Pascale

The Periodic Table

An Interactive Introduction

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The The Discovery!Discovery!

Types of Types of ElementsElements

Getting Getting Organized!Organized!

Naming Naming GroupsGroups

I already I already saw them all!saw them all!

Dmitri Mendeleev

• Dubbed the “Father of the Periodic Table”

• In 1867, he revealed his findings.

• Came within one vote of being awarded the 1906 Nobel Prize for his work.

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A Walk in Dmitri’s Shoes:

• Born in Tobolsk, Siberia in 1834.

• Dedicated his life to education and research

• Graduated from Main Pedagogical Institute with a degree in education.

• Later became a college professor

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Dmitri’s Posse:• Wrote the first list

containing 33 elements.

• Distinguished between metals and non-metals.

Lavoisier1789

Berzelius1828

• Developed a table of atomic weights.

• Introduced letters to symbolize elements.

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More of Dmitri’s Posse:

• First to order similiar elements into “Groups”

Döbereiner

1829

Newlands1864

• First to order elements with related properties into “Periods”

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What did Dmitri do?

• He arranged the elements by more than molecular mass.

• Used note cards for organization.

• Predicted places and properties for unknown elements.– 3 were later

identified as correctBackBack Return to Return to

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Types of Elements

BackBack Show me Show me METALS!METALS!

Show me Show me NON-METALS!NON-METALS!

Show meShow meMETALLOIDS!METALLOIDS!

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For More Information:

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Metals:

• Metals makeup more than 75% of the elements in the periodic table. Metals are characterized by the following physical properties.– Metals usually have metallic shine or luster.– They are malleable. This means that metals

bent or hammered into different shapes without breaking.

– Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.

– Commonly form cations.

CopperBackBack

Non-metals:

• There are only 17 non-metals in the periodic table. They are characterized by the following physical properties:– Non-metals rarely have a shiny luster.– Their solids are not malleable. They will

break, if bent or hammered.– Non-metals are poor conductors of heat and

electricity.– Non-metals usually form

anions.

SulfurBackBack

Metalloids:

• There are only eight metalloids on the periodic table.

• Metalloids have some characteristics of both metals and non-metals.

Silicon

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Organization of the Table

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Show me Show me ROWS!ROWS!

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Columns

• Columns– Columns are organized into “GROUPS”

or “FAMILIES” with similar properties.– Elements in the same column share

the same chemical properties, such as bonding patterns.

– Columns are traditionally were numbered IA through VIIIA with roman numerals. In recent years, numbering them with digits 1-18 is accepted.

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Rows

• Rows– Rows are organized into “PERIODS.”– Elements in the same row have

properties slowly change from one end to the other of the periodic table.

– Traditionally rows are numbered using the digits 1-7.

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Group Names

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Show me Show me Alkali MetalsAlkali Metals

Show me Show me Alkaline-Earth Alkaline-Earth

Metals!Metals!

Show meShow meTransition Transition

Metals!Metals!

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Show me Show me Chalcogens!Chalcogens!

Show me Show me Rare-EarthRare-Earth

Metals!Metals!

Show meShow meHalogens!Halogens!

Show meShow meNoble Gases!Noble Gases!

Alkali Metals:

• Alkali metals are in Group 1 of the periodic table. – They are VERY reactive.– They are not found in their elemental

form in nature.– Alkali metals are softer than most

metals.

SodiumBackBack

Alkaline-Earth Metals:

• Alkaline-Earth metals are in Group 2 of the periodic table. – They are VERY reactive.– They are not found in their elemental form in nature.– They are called Alkaline-Earth metals because, when

dissolved, they almost always form “basic” or “alkaline” solutions.

– Alkaline-Earth metals are also very important to animal and plant physiology.

Calcium BackBack

Transition Metals:

• The transition metals include 38 of the elements on the periodic table.

• Most of these metals are VERY lustrous. Precious metals like gold, silver, and platinum are transition metals.

• Unlike most elements, transition metals carry charges that can vary.

Gold BackBack

Rare-Earth Metals:

• Rare-earth metals are the 28 elements usually represented at the bottom of the periodic table. They are called the “Lanthanide and Actinide series”.

• Most of the elements in group are man-made.

• Most of them are very dangerous.

UraniumBackBack

Chalcogens:

• The word Chalcogens means “ore-formers” because they are often found as parts of minerals.

• This group is also sometimes called the “Oxygen Family.”

• Chalcogens include non-metals and some metalloids in Group 16 on the periodic table.

Iron Ore BackBack

Halogens:

• The halogens are the 5 non-metal elements in Group 17 of the periodic table.

• Halogens are the most reactive of the non-metals.

• The term "halogen" means "salt-former.” If a compound is formed with a halogen, it is then called a "salt".

Iodine BackBack

Noble Gases:

• Noble gases are also called “inert” gases, because they are NOT reactive.

• They are gases at room temperature, and were used as building blocks for many chemical discoveries.

Helium Balloons

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References:

• Rader’s www.chem4kids.com

• Zumdahl, Steven. Chemistry. 6th Ed. University of Illinois, 2005.

• Jason Smith, Pleasant Valley High School, “Subatomic Particles.” 2007.

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