Social Psychology Chapter 13. Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about,...
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Transcript of Social Psychology Chapter 13. Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about,...
Social Psychology
Chapter 13
Social Psychology
The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
Social Psychology
The power of the situation can be harnessed for good, or for evil…
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gdTpU5WZHHM
Social Psychology
Powerful examples of the power of the situation…
Social Psychology
Powerful examples of the power of the situation…
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-fQnltrg6w
Social Psychology
Powerful examples of the power of the situation…
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NyDDyT1lDhA
Social Psychology
Powerful examples of the power of the situation…
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BgRoiTWkBHU
Social Psychology
Powerful examples of the power of the situation…
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZwfNs1pqG0
Social Psychology
Social Thinking
Attributing Behavior to Persons or to Situations
Fundamental attribution error – the tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition
Jones and Harris: Subjects served as “debaters” in discussion of U.S. attitudes toward Cuba and Castro.
In full view of other debaters, subjects were randomly assigned to read aloud debate speeches that were either pro-Castro or anti-Castro
Then these other debaters rated speech readers’ true attitudes toward Castro…
The Effects of Attribution
Attributions differ: Some people blamed the New Orleans residents for not evacuating before Katrina. Others attributed their inaction to the situation—to their not having transportation.
The Effects of Attribution
Social Psychology
Social Thinking
Attitudes and Actions
Attitudes Affect Actions
Attitude – feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people and events.
Attitudes Affect Actions
Attitude – feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people and events.
Actions Affect Attitudes
Role-Playing – When we adopt a new role, we strive to follow social prescriptions. In the famous Stanford Prison experiment, a toxic situation triggered degrading behaviors among those assigned to the guard role.
Actions Affect Attitudes
Cognitive Dissonance – the idea that we act to reduce discomfort when our actions conflict with our attitudes (or beliefs).
Social Psychology
Social Influence
Social Psychology
Social Influence
Conformity and Obedience
Credit: Michael E Ray
Group Pressure and Conformity
Conformity – adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.
Group Pressure and Conformity
Which of the three comparison lines is the same length as the standard line?
Group Pressure and Conformity
Conditions that strengthen conformity: (1) The group has at least three people. (2) The group is unanimous. (3) The individual is made to feel incompetent. (4) Culture strongly encourages respect for social standards.
Social Psychology
Social Influence
Why do we conform?
Group Pressure and Conformity
After seeing Slides 1 and 2, participants judge which person in Slide 2 was the same as the person in Slide 1. Difficulty is manipulated by varying the time to view Slide 2 (5 seconds or ½ second)…
Group Pressure and Conformity
And importance is manipulated by telling participants that they will receive $20 if they are the most accurate participant in the experiment (or not telling them this).
Group Pressure and Conformity
Obedience
Obedience
The most fundamental lesson of our study is that ordinary people, simply doing their jobs, and without any particular hostility on their part, can become agents in a terrible destructive proces.
- Stanley Milgram
Social Psychology
Social Influence
Group Influence
Individual Behavior in the Presence of Others
Social facilitation – stronger responses or better performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.
Individual Behavior in the Presence of Others
Deindividuation – the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster anonymity.
Alone
Group
Non-Anonymous Anonymous
Alone
Group
Non-Anonymous Anonymous
7.5%
20.8%
21.4%
57.2%