* Skin is the largest organ on the human body. *The skin consists of two main layers: the epidermis...
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CH. 13Personal Health Care
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*Skin is the largest organ on the human body.
*The skin consists of two main layers: the epidermis and the dermis.
*Cells in the epidermis make lipids which makes your body waterproof.
* Dermis contains the sebaceous glands which helps skin from drying out.
*Subcutaneous layer- a layer of fat and connective tissue located beneath the dermis.
SKIN---Structure
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Your Skin
Epidermis
Dermis
SubcutaneousLayer
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Skin protects you from pathogens, regulates your body temperature, and helps you feel sensations.
Protection- Barrier to prevent bacteria and viruses from entering.
Temperature control- Skin dilates to allow heat to escape. Sensation- Major sense organ: Pressure, pain, heat, cold Immunity-macrophages destroy invading pathogens. Excretion- SWEAT is excess water and dissolved wastes. Vitamin D synthesis- makes VD when exposed to UV radiation
Interpersonal communication- Automatically expresses some emotions ( pale & blushing)
SKIN--- Function
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Wash face 2 times a day Wash you body everyday AVOID touching your face with your hands Avoid allergic reactions. Eat plenty of vitamins, minerals:
◦ Vitamin A◦ Milk◦ Green and yellow vegetables◦ Liver
Keeping your Skin Healthy
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Acne- clogged pores become infected and pus forms.
Warts are caused by viruses and can be spread through direct physical contact.
Boils form when hair follicles become infected. Do not burst or squeeze a boil.
Dermatitis, or eczema, is inflamed skin usually caused by an allergic reaction.
Vitiligo occurs when patches of skin lose melanin and have no pigment.
Skin Problems
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Fungal infections are spread by contact with skin, clothing, or in public showers.
Moles are usually harmless, but they can develop into melanoma, which can be deadly.
Skin Problems
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Tanned skin is a sign that skin has been damaged by UV rays. Prolonged exposure to UV rays can lead to skin cancer.
Early detection and treatment are critical in controlling the spread of melanoma. Regularly checking the appearance of your moles is important for the early detection of melanoma.
Melanoma
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ABCD’s of Melanoma
A B C D
AsymmetryBorder
IrregularityColor Diameter
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Skin Problems
The ABCD’S of Melanoma
Asymmetry
Border Irregularity
Color
Diameter
An imaginary line drawn through the center of the mole does not produce matching halves.
Non-cancerous moles have smooth edges. Suspect moles often have irregular edges.
Look for moles that are intensely black, possibly with a bluish tint, or that have an uneven color.
Check for moles that are wider across than the width of a pea.
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Hair structure- Dead cells. Living cells in the epidermis make new hairs and cause hair to grow.
Hair grows on every surface of the skin, except for the palms of the hand and the soles of the feet.
Hair function- The eyebrows and eyelashes protect the eyes from dust and other particles.
HAIR
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Dandruff- Dead skin cells that are shed as sticky white flakes.
Head lice- Tiny parasitic insects that live in scalp hair.
Hair Problems
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Nail Structure- Your fingernails and toenails are made of closely packed dead cells that contain keratin.
Nail Function- help protect your fingers and toes.
Nails
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Parts of the toothThe periodontium supports the tooth and holds it in place. periodontium is made up of the gum,
ligaments, and the jawbone.
Three main parts to every toothCrown- visible portion of the toothNeck- between the crown and rootRoot- In the gum
Lesson 2 – Teeth and Mouth
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Enamel- hard substance made of calcium.
Dentin- beneath enamel. It is a layer of connective tissue that contributes to the shape and hardness of a tooth.
Protected by the overlying layers of dentin and enamel, the pulp extends into the root canal.
Parts of a Tooth
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Parts of a Tooth
Crown
Neck
Root
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Parts of a Tooth
enamel
dentingum
gingivia
pulp cavity with nerves and vesselscementum
periodontal ligamentsperiodontal membrane
root canal
bone
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Oral hygiene, which includes brushing and flossing your teeth, is necessary for healthy, clean teeth.
Tooth decay occurs when the enamel is destroyed and bacteria penetrate the tooth.
Plaque damages the tooth by coating it, sealing out the saliva that normally protects the tooth from bacteria.
Keeping Teeth Healthy
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Keeping Your Teeth and Mouth Healthy
If plaque builds up, acids produced by bacteria break down the tooth enamel, resulting in a cavity. If decay spreads down to the pulp, the tooth may have to be removed.
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Halitosis can be caused by eating certain foods, poor oral hygiene, smoking, bacteria on the tongue, decayed teeth, and gum disease.
Gum disease, or periodontal disease, is caused by bacterial infection.
*When plaque hardens, it builds up tartar, a hard, crustlike substance, and causes the gums to become irritated and swollen. *This is called gingivitis. If left untreated, the bone and tissue that support the teeth are destroyed, and teeth can be lost.
Mouth Problems
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Lesson 3- Your Eyes
Your eyes sit in bony sockets, called orbits, at the front of your skull. A layer of fat cushions each eyeball inside its socket.
The lacrimal gland secretes tears into the eye through ducts. Tears keep the surface of the eyeball moist and clear of foreign particles.
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Parts of the Eye
sclera
choroid
vitrius humor
optic nerve
retina
corneairis
pupillensaqueoushumor
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Rods are light sensitive cells that allow us to see in dim light.
Cones are light sensitive cells that allow us to see in bright light and in color .
Lesson 3- Eyes
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Parts of the EyeWords in black are definitions
Sclera
Cornea
Choroid
Iris
Pupil
Protects the inner eye and supports and shapes the eyeball
Bends and focuses light before it enters the lens
Lines the inside of the sclera
Contracts and dilates the pupil
Regulates the amount of light that reaches the inner eye
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Parts of the Eye Words in black are definitions
Retina
Optic Nerve
Lens
Aqueous Humor
Vitreous Humor
Contains light-sensitive cells
Transmits nerve impulses to the brain
Helps refine the focus of images on the retina
Provides nutrients to the eye
Helps the eyeball stay firm and keeps the retina in place
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Vision – 20/20
Nearsightedness,or Myopia
Farsightedness,or Hyperopia
Astigmatism
Strabismus
Detached Retina
The inability to see distant objects clearly
The inability see close objects clearly
Blurred vision
Eyes off-center, turned inward or outward
Blurred vision or bright flashes of light
Common Vision Disorders
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Vision
Infections andViruses
Glaucoma
Cataracts
MacularDegeneration
Swelling, irritation, blurred vision, change in sclera color
Cloudy, impaired vision, can cause permanent damage
Foggy vision
Vision loss
Common Vision Problems