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Transcript of Save notes for Fridays test Copy down all 20 notes on a separate sheet of paper Copy Vocabulary....
CHAPTER 14 NORTH AND SOUTH
Copy Notes Save notes for Friday’s test Copy down all 20 notes on a separate
sheet of paper Copy Vocabulary. 17 Words
Introduction Read “The Story Matters” pg Give me examples of job conditions that
are unfair or horrible. What would make living conditions in a
house unpleasant? What action would you take if the job
started out good, but got bad later on? Question the boss? Rally your fellow employees? Unions
Section 1 The Industrial North
Technology was changing rapidly, but mostly in the North
Before the industrial revolution most workers made one good at a time Much slower Better quality
A three phase plan to make goods faster in the North
Section 1 Cont. Three Phases
Break the work into smaller steps A worker responsible for only one step and nothing
else Build factories to put similar workers together
Product moved from one step to the next more quickly Using machines to complete tasks
Faster and much easier to teach Workers generally tended to the machines, not the
product By 1860 the Northeast’s factories made at
least 2/3 of the country’s manufactured goods
Section 1 Cont. Transportation
From 1800-1850 crews built thousands of miles of railroads and canals Canals opened up shipping routes
Robert Fulton launched the first steamboat, Clermont Made upstream travel faster Carried more passengers and goods for cheaper
By 1860 about 3,000 Steamboats traveled the country’s major rivers and canals, as well as the great lakes
Clipper ships cut the time of traditional sailing by a large amount
Section 1 Cont. Railroads
Horses pulled early trains for short distances The 1st steam-powered train began in Britain in
1829 Americas first steam-powered train arrived in
1830 Very slow at first
By 1840 USA had 3,000 miles of railroad track By 1860 USA had 31,000 miles of railroad track
Many of these tracks connected major cities on the East and Midwest
http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=1zMOVmGu5qY
Section 1 Cont. Moving goods and people
New transportation allowed faster transportation at cheaper prices
Fast travel brought people into the newly settled Midwest Population grew quickly
Tragedy New transportation, New accidents
SS Central America sailed into a hurricane in 1857 and sunk. Hundreds of people drowned
1856 two trains crashed into each other in Pennsylvania. 60 people died. 100 were injured.
A call for higher safety standards
Section 1 Cont. Communication
The Telegraph created by Samuel Morse Helped out by the US government for a wider range By 1844 it had worked Messages called Morse Code
Mixture of short and long electrical signals(Dots and dashes) to represent the alphabet
By 18522 over 23,000 miles of telegraph lines in the US
Communication allowed in minutes Quickly learning about events from other areas Business uses
http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=L6gxfX4GrbI
Section 1 Cont. Farming innovations
Many did not want to farm out west Tougher, drier dirt that was unable to be plowed
Farming breakthroughs in the 1830s Steel tipped plow by John Deere in 1837
Break through hard soil Mechanical Reaper by Cyrus McCormick
Sped up wheat harvest, separated the grain from the stalk
Made work easier, faster, more profitable
Review What were the three phases to
industrialization? What invention did Robert Fulton come
up with? What two tragedies were associated with
new transportation? Who invented the telegraph? How was it
used? Were there inventions in the South?
Section 2 Northern Factories
Combined several steps and put it under one roof Range of goods manufactured had increased
Working conditions By 1840 the average workday was 11.4 hours
long Big machines were very unsafe
Many people suffered injuries No A/C and no heating
Very hot in the summer, very cold in the winter http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o3PZ-qOJp0I
Section 2 Cont. No Laws for factory safety
Owners more concerned with profits than with worker safety
Child Labor 6 days a week 12 or more hours a day Worked in factories tending machines or down in
coal mines Took many years for child labor laws to pass http://
www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=zF_U4VGl1Jk
http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=8z42MPSk9-w
Break Take out a sheet of paper Respond to the following prompt
“Imagine you are a 10 year old forced to work in a Northern Factory because your family is very poor. What is your life like? Your job requirements? How do you feel working at this age? What do the other children think?”
After responding talk with your shoulder partner and discuss each others response
Be ready to share a few
Section 2 Cont. Workers Organizing
Trade Unions founded in the 1830s Many went on strikes for higher wages and less
hours Wasn’t until 1842 that it was legal to strike
African Americans in the North By 1830 slavery had disappeared from the North Still racial prejudice and discrimination existed Most white men didn’t need land in order to vote
Keeping African Americans from voting
Section 2 Cont. African Americans in the North
Most towns didn’t allow African Americans to attend public schools, use public services, and had to attend schools and hospitals designated only to them.
Few business leaders Freedom’s Journal in 1827 Macon Allen first African American Lawyer in
1845 Most lived in poverty
Section 2 Cont. Women
Also faced discrimination in the workplace Paid HALF of what the men made Could not join trade unions Some tried to petition, but most were ignored
Population Because of the factories in the North many
major cities developed from 1820 to 1840 Cities like St. Louis, Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and
Louisville helped link the Midwest and the Northeast
Section 2 Cont. Immigration
Greatest number of immigrants came from Ireland A potato famine caused starvation and food
shortages 1.5 million left for the US between 1846-1860
Second largest group came from Germany Language, customs, religions, and culture of
immigrants helped change American culture Nativists blamed the country’s problems on
immigrants Formed the “Know-Nothing” party in 1849
Wanted stricter citizenship laws
Section 3 The South and Cotton
South was almost entirely based on farming Many lived in the Upper South
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina By 1850 many moved to the Deep South
Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, Texas South was thriving, but it depended on slave
labor Slavery grew even stronger in the South
during this time
Section 3 Cont. Cotton is King
Europe demanded Cotton Took a large amount of time and labor
Had to separate the seeds from the cotton fibers Cotton Gin in 1793
http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=JzHD7_dWEik
The device quickly removed seeds from the fibers Helped process 50 times more cotton each day
compared to doing it by hand Had consequences
Encouraged farmer to grow more Needed more slaves to work Slave labor increased dramatically
Section 3 Cont. Cotton Continued
Upper South grew more tobacco, wheat, and vegetables
Deep South produced mainly cotton as well as sugarcane and rice.
The Upper South became the center for the sale and transport
of slaves. Domestic Slave Trade
Section 3 Cont. Southern Industry
South Industry developed slower than the North Why?
Market for goods was small Slaves made up a large portion of the population
Had no money Discouraged anyone from starting industries
Some Southerners did not want industry Quote page 395
Section 3 Cont. Southern Factories
Some leaders wanted industry South relied too much on the North
Textile, Iron, Sawmills Uncommon for the South
Southern Transportation Relied on natural waterways (rivers, lakes,
oceans) to transport goods Very little railways and many were
unconnected North could offer cheaper, quicker products
Review Describe what the working conditions
were like for factory workers? Children? Women?
What group of people made up the largest percentage of immigrants during this time period? Why?
Who were the group of people that disliked immigrants?
Was the Cotton Gin a good or bad invention?
Section 4 Southern Society
Not every White southerner owned slaves 4 categories of white southerners
Yeomen Tenant Farmer Rural Poor Plantation owner
The little guy Most whites of the south were Yeomen Lived mostly in the Upper South Yeomen had little to no slaves
Section 4 Cont. Tenant Farmers
Rented land and worked it for the land owner Made up the majority of white Southerners Lived in simple homes
Rural Poor Most were stubborn and independent Proud of their ability to feed their families
African Americans also held slaves Bought their own family Worked in similar manners of the plantation
owners
Section 4 Cont. Plantation Owners
Had thousands of acres Measured wealth in the amount of slaves they
had Main goal was profit Had many fixed costs
Cotton wasn’t one Owners were mostly men
The wives supervised the house work Many jobs for the slave
Most were field hands Watched by an Overseer
Section 4 Cont. Slave Life
Hard work, no compensation Little to no hope for freedom Owner could sell them or family member at any
time Did the best they could, made the best out of it
The African American Family Law didn’t recognize slave marriages, still married Families helped support each other when others
were sold These large close family connections became an
important role in African American Culture
Section 4 Cont. African American Culture
In 1808 importing slaves became illegal Slavery legal but could not purchase from other
countries By 1860 most slaves had been born in country
Tried to preserve African customs Folk stories Music and Dance
Field Holler Call and Response
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3O3vEOwFuOo
Section 4 Cont. African American Religion
Many slaves followed traditional African religious practices
Some accepted Christianity Hope
Expressed their beliefs in spirituals Express Joy and Sadness
Slave Codes Existed since colonial times To prevent rebellion Teaching literacy was a crime
Less likely to rebel
Section 4 Cont. Fighting Back
Nat Turner http://
www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=9z6aC1mfmbc
In 1831 led a rebellion in Virginia and killed over 55 Whites Two months later he was found and hung
Nat Turners rebellion terrified whites Killed African Americans for no reason Passed harsher slave codes
Revolts didn’t happen often because the slaves realized they had little chance of winning
Many worked slowly or played ill Broke tools or set fires
Section 4 Cont. Es-ca-pe
Running away Escaping North was very difficult
Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglas Might receive aid from the Underground
Railroad Tubman returned to the South many times to
help slaves escape to the North Most were caught and returned
Punishment done by whipping http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1woVv982T
cc
Section 4 Cont. Southern Cities
South had several large cities Baltimore and New Orleans
Most were either sea ports or river cities Free slaves formed their own communities
Tradesmen, founded Churches Rights still severely limited
No public school in the South until 1850s Behind in Literacy
Schools had to serve a wide area Families unwilling to send children long distances
Review Who led the slave revolt in 1831? What are the 4 categories of white
southerners? What were the religious folk songs that
slaves used to sing called? Give me an example of a slave code?