Review Movie Notes Homework

K

Cu

Br

Xe

Cr Complete Electron configuration

Orbital Diagram

Bohr’s Model

Chlorine consists of the following isotopes:

Calculate the weighted average atomic mass.

Isotope Mass Abundance

35Cl 34.96885 75.771%37Cl 36.96590 24.229%

Song Time

Atomic Theory PolkaAtomic Theory Polka

Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr. Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr. Schrödinger and Heisenberg, and many, Schrödinger and Heisenberg, and many, many more. Used their brains to venture many more. Used their brains to venture in the realm of inner space and found the in the realm of inner space and found the world of the atom was a weird and world of the atom was a weird and wondrous place.wondrous place.

Dalton did experiments and said, “I think Dalton did experiments and said, “I think it’s clear, atoms are tiny indestructible it’s clear, atoms are tiny indestructible spheres.”spheres.”

Thomson worked with cathode rays and Thomson worked with cathode rays and said, “I disagree. A plum-pudding model said, “I disagree. A plum-pudding model makes much more sense to me.”makes much more sense to me.”

A new chapter in atomic theory started to A new chapter in atomic theory started to unfold when Rutherford played around unfold when Rutherford played around with atoms made of gold. When a few of with atoms made of gold. When a few of his alpha particles came bounding back, his alpha particles came bounding back, he hypothesized a nucleus had knocked he hypothesized a nucleus had knocked them off the track.them off the track.

Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr. Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr. Schrödinger and Heisenberg, and many, Schrödinger and Heisenberg, and many, many more. Used their brains to venture many more. Used their brains to venture in the realm of inner space and found the in the realm of inner space and found the world of the atom was a weird and world of the atom was a weird and wondrous place.wondrous place.

Bohr saw spectral lines for hydrogen and Bohr saw spectral lines for hydrogen and said, “It seems to me.. Electrons move in said, “It seems to me.. Electrons move in orbits with specific energies.”orbits with specific energies.”

electron

neutron

proton

Heisenberg said, “Forget it, there’s no Heisenberg said, “Forget it, there’s no way to know the orbit or a path, where way to know the orbit or a path, where the electron’s gonna go.”the electron’s gonna go.”

Schrödinger used lots and lots of fancy Schrödinger used lots and lots of fancy mathematics, and made a model of the mathematics, and made a model of the atom based on quantum mechanics. It atom based on quantum mechanics. It has orbitals and those are based on has orbitals and those are based on probability. The atom is a fuzzy blob of probability. The atom is a fuzzy blob of pure uncertainty.pure uncertainty.

Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr. Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr. Schrödinger and Heisenberg, and many, Schrödinger and Heisenberg, and many, many more. Used their brains to venture many more. Used their brains to venture in the realm of inner space and found the in the realm of inner space and found the world of the atom was a weird and world of the atom was a weird and wondrous place.wondrous place.

Date:

With the PT arranged by atomic number, trends appear within the physical properties of the elements both periodically and within a family

The size of an atom Periodic Trend

Decreases with increase in nuclear charge Number of protons

Protons pull electrons in with greater force Family Trend

Increases with increase in number of energy levels.

Each new period adds an additional orbit.

Ionic Radius

Cations Smaller than parent atom Lost e- emptying energy level and

nucleus can pull remaining e- closer. Anions

Larger than parent atom Gained e-; electrons repel each other so

size enlarged.

The energy required to remove an electron

Periodic Trend Increases with increased nuclear charge Electrons are closer to nucleus which

does not want to lose its electrons Family Trend

Decreases with additional energy levels Electrons are further from nucleus and

easier to remove; shielding

The ability to attract an electron Periodic Trend

Increases with increased nuclear charge Nucleus provides a stronger pull

Family Trend Decreases with each additional energy

level Shielding

Ability to react with other chemicals. Family Trend for metals

Increases down a family Family Trend for nonmetals

Decreases down a family