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" Resource use efficiency in crops: “Green super rice” to increase water and nitrogen use...
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Transcript of " Resource use efficiency in crops: “Green super rice” to increase water and nitrogen use...
Green super rice to be resource saving and environment friendly
Yu Sibin
Huazhong Agricultural University, China
Outline Constraints in crop production Rice production in China Concept and practices of Green
Super Rice Significance of Green Super Rice
The main constraints imposed on crop production
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Crop Production
Climate Change
Environmental Impact
Population Demand
Tester and Langridge, 2010, Science
from en.wikipedia.org, and chinadaily.com.cn
The global demand for crop production
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Rice production in China
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1949
15000
20000
25000area(m hm2)Yield ( kg/hm2)
Total yield( m t)
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1957
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Main problems in rice production
Severe damage of diseases and pests, overuse pesticide
High pressure of yield increase, excessive use fertilizer
Water shortage, frequent occurrence of drought Low efficient use water
Quality and yield 7
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01975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005
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1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008 2013
PesticidesFertilizersRiceWheatMaize
Fert
ilize
rs(m
illio
n to
n)
Pest
icid
es(×
1000
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n)
Excessive application of pesticides and fertilizers in China
Yiel
d(t
on/h
a)
http://www.stats.gov.cn/8
Water shortage and its efficient use
Rice consumes about 50% water of agricultural production in China
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Notion of Green Super Rice
Less pesticides Less fertilizers Water saving and drought
resistance High yield and superior
quality
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►Adequate resistances to major diseases and insects
►High efficiency in nutrient uptake and utilization
►Resistance to drought and other abiotic stresses
►Good grain quality► Increased yield potential
Characteristics of green super rice
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Super rice
Genes from non-rice sourcesTransgenic
Marker-aided orGenome-based Traditional breeding
Genes from rice germplasm
Green super rice
Strategies for the GSR development
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MR63(Xa21) MR63(CK)
Resistant to pests
Resistant to diseases
Good quality High yielding
efficient nutrient use
Green super rice
Drought tolerance
Slide from Zhang Q 14
Pyramided desirable genes leads to GSR
Bph3 is a cluster of three genes encoding lectin receptor kinases.
Introgression of Bph3 into susceptible rice varieties significantly enhanced resistance to both the brown and the white back planthopper.
These lectin kinase genes function together to confer broad-spectrum and durable insect resistance
Liu et al 2014, Nat Biotechnol
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The GSR Project in ChinaDuration: 2014-2018Budget: 21.1 million US$Partner institutions: 27
5 themes: gene discovery, breeding design, genomic selection platform, develop and disseminate GSR, crop management.
The goal: to benefit billion rice farmers and to boost rice productivity by 8 % in the target regions with 30% less input.
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Large-scale demonstration of HHZ grown under direct-seeded and low input conditions
Variety Treat Output/ Productivityinput kg ¥-1
HHZ NN 1.97 0.68 LN 1.89 0.65 L input 2.14 0.74
YLY NN 1.63 0.63 LN 1.64 0.63 L input 1.69 0.65
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From Dr. Peng SB
Candijay (RVII)Apolinar Asa
Bohol,WS2013Climate Smart GSR cultivar
GSR IR1-8-S6-S3-Y2
6. Drought:(18DAT-Flowering)
4. Submergence:4 days
5. Recovery
3.Salinity:4 DAT
2. Nursery:15d TPL
1. Land
7.Flowering
8.Harvest: 1.2t/ha
Obien et al 2013
91-24-14 kg NPK/ha
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50.3%16%
20%
10 %
1%
LimitWater
Overuse nutrients
Rain-fed
Excess use of pesticides, fertilizers and water
Ongoing GSR activities
Determination of target-specific traits Integration of platforms Procedure of evaluating and releasing
GSR Establishment of efficient crop
management Capability building for GSR tech
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Promotes resource use efficiency in rice production.
A kind of varieties with green traits, also efficient and environmental-friendly crop management.
Needed for ecological intensification of crop production system.
Influenced the prioritization of research direction and changes in agricultural policies.
Significance of green super rice
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