253

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Israeli and Palestinian narratives of conflict Historyrsquos Double Helix (pp 72ndash114) Bloomington IN Indiana University Press

Abdel Jawad S (2007) Zionist Massacres The creation of the Palestinian refugee problem in the 1948 War In E Benvenisti C Gans amp S Hanafi (Eds) Israel and the Palestinian refugees (pp 59ndash127) Heidelberg Germany Spring Verlag

Abdel Jawad S (2009 February 22) The credibility and limits of refugee oral testimonies The Nakba 60 years of dispossession 60 years of resistance Presentation London UK Retrieved from httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=vVNL2I-lggw

Abdel Jawad S (2012 November 3) Russell tribunal on Palestine New York Retrieved from httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=fd_tx9-r25s at minute 2717

Abo-Rkeek M (nd) Desert daughter Retrieved from httpswwwfacebookcompagesDesert-Daughter105407502848181

Abou Shehadeh S amp Shbaytah F (2009 February 26) Jaffa From eminence to ethnic cleansing The electronic intifada Retrieved from httpelectronicintifadanetcontentjaffa-eminence-ethnic-cleansing8088

Abowd T P (2014) Colonial Jerusalem The spatial construction of identity and difference in a city of myth 1948ndash2012 Syracuse NY Syracuse University Press

Abu-Amr Z (1995) The significance of Jerusalem A Moslem perspective Palestine-Israel Journal 2(2) Retrieved from httpwwwpijorgdetailsphpid=646

Abu-Lughod L (2013) Do Arab women need saving Cambridge MA Harvard University PressAbunimah A (2007) One country A bold proposal to end the Israeli-Palestinian impasse New York

Picador PressAbunimah A (2008) Retrieved from httpelectronicintifadanetcontentnew-palestinian-strategy-or-

same-failed-one7707Abunimah A (2012 March) Keynote Speech presented at Harvard one state conference Harvard

University Cambridge MA Retrieved from httpelectronicintifadanetblogsali-abunimahaudio-ali-abunimah-and-ilan-pappe-keynote-speeches-harvard-one-state-conference

Abunimah A (2012 May 13) Watch The great book robbery Israelrsquos 1948 looting of Palestinersquos cultural heritage The electronic intifada Retrieved from httpelectronicintifadanetblogsali-abunimahwatch-great-book-robbery-israels-1948-looting-palestines-cultural-heritage

Abunimah A (2012 November 11) When former CIA Chief David Petraeus enraged the Israel lobby The electronic intifada Retrieved from httpelectronicintifadanetblogsali-abunimahwhen-former-cia-chief-david-petraeus-enraged-israel-lobby

Abunimah A (2014 March 14) Does Israel have a right to exist as a Jewish state Mondoweiss Retrieved from httpmondoweissnet201403abunimahs-justice-palestinehtml

Abu Sitta S (2000) The Palestinian Nakba 1948 London UK The Palestine Return CentreAbu Sitta S (2013 April 6ndash7) Reconstructing Palestine Reversing ethnic cleansing Right of return

conference Retrieved from httpwwwplandsorgspeechs019htmlAcocella J (2002 June 17) A hard case The life and death of Primo Levi The New Yorker Retrieved

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Adalah ndash The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel (nd) Discriminatory laws in Israel Retrieved from httpadalahorgengIsraeli-Discriminatory-Law-Database

Adalah ndash The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel (nd) Homepage Retrieved from httpadalahorgeng

Adalah ndash The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel (nd) National priority areas ndash Economic efficiency law 2009 Retrieved from httpwwwadalahorgenlawview506

Addameer (nd) Homepage Retrieved from httpwwwaddameerorgAderet O (2014 May) Israel at 66 Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomnewsnational

premium-1588482Afsai S (2012 October 12) The ldquomarried to another manrdquo story Jewish Ideas Daily Retrieved from

httpwwwjewishideasdailycom5148featuresthe-married-to-another-man-storyAhren Raphael (2014 July 31) PA to sign Rome Statute of the ICC The Times of Israel Retrieved from

httpwwwtimesofisraelcompa-to-sign-rome-statute-of-international-criminal-courtAjayi A (2014 January 28) Is Zionism never having to say yoursquore sorry Harsquoaretz Retrieved from

httpwwwhaaretzcomculturebookspremium-1571045Akram F amp Rudorem J (2014 August 22) Executions in Gaza are a warning to spies New York Times

Retrieved from httpwwwnytimescom20140823worldmiddleeastisrael-gazahtml_r=0Akram S (200102) Palestinian refugees and their legal status Journal of Palestinian Studies 31(3)

36ndash51Akram S amp Dumper M (2010) International law and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict A rights based

approach to Middle East Peace New York RoutledgeAkram S amp Rempel T (2015) Out of place out of time Refugees rights and the re-making of

PalestineIsraelAkram S amp Syring T (2014) Still waiting for tomorrow The law and politics of unresolved refugee

crises Cambridge UK Cambridge Scholars PublishingAlexandrowicz R (Director) (2012) The law in these parts [Motion picture] Israel ROCO Films

InternationalAlimi E (2007) Israeli politics and the first Palestinian intifada Political opportunities framing

processes and contentious politics London UK RoutledgeAl Jazeera English (2009 November 8) Israeli separation barrier cuts family from village [Video file]

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from httpwwwyoutubecomwatchfeature=endscreenampNR=1ampv=wlQf41CJjjcAllen L (2013) The rise and fall of human rights Cynicism and politics in occupied Palestine Stanford

CA Stanford University PressAlmalki A amp Ashour A (2014 July 27) Shujayea Massacre at dawn Al Jazeera Retrieved

from httpwwwaljazeeracomprogrammesspecialseries2014201407shujayea-massacre-at-dawn-201472621348901563html

Alrowwad (nd) Homepage Retrieved from httpwwwalrowwad-actspsAl Sabawi K (2011 May 22) TEDxRamallah ndash Khaled Al Sabawi ndash Keeping Palestine cool [Video file]

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Al-Qaws (nd) Homepage Retrieved from httpwwwalqawsorgsiteEnindexlanguage enAmara A Abu-Saad I amp Yiftachel O (Eds) (2013) Indigenous (in)justice Human rights law and

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Amichai R (2011 March 12) Jewish couple and three children killed in West Bank Reuters Retrieved from httpwwwreuterscomarticle20110312us-palestinians-israel-violence-idUSTRE72B0B920110312

Anarchists Against the Wall (nd) Homepage Retrieved from httpwwwawallsorgAnderson B (1991) Imagined communities London UK Verso PressAnkori G (2006) Palestinian art London UK ReaktionApplied Research Institute-Jerusalem (nd) Homepage Retrieved from httpwwwarijorgArafat Y (1988) Arafatrsquos speech to the UN General Assembly [Speech] Retrieved from

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made a mistake by building the security barrier Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomprint-editionopinionthe-fence-revisited-1256157

Arnold T W (1937) The folklore of capitalism New Haven CT Yale University PressAscherman A (Presenter) (2013 December 29) Rabbis for human rights Speech presented at Holy

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University Asimov I (1992) Asimov laughs again More than 700 favorite jokes limericks and anecdotes

New York William MorrowAsser M (2000 October 13) Lynch mobrsquos brutal attack BBC News Retrieved from

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Basic BooksAvishai B (2014 April 14) Trumanrsquos folly The Nation Retrieved from httpwwwthenationcom

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httpzopegush-shalomorghomeenchannelsavnery1383915646Ayturk I (2010) Revisiting the language factor in zionism The Hebrew language council form 1904ndash

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Bahour S (2014 May 24) Israel declares war on Palestinian banks Talking points memo Retrieved from httptalkingpointsmemocomcafeisrael-declares-war-on-palestinian-banks

Bahour S (2014 November 5) Flavors of end ndash Jung und Naiv in Israel amp Palestine Retrieved from httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=L8RAZuqildE

Bakri N amp Goodman D (2011 January 27) Thousands in Yemen protest against the government The New York Times Retrieved from httpwwwnytimescom20110128worldmiddleeast 28yemenhtml

Balbus I D (1973) The dialectics of legal repression Black rebels before the American criminal courts New York Russell Sage Foundation

Bannoura S (2014 August 27) Ministry of health 2145 Palestinians including 578 children killed by Israelrsquos aggression International Middle East Media Center Retrieved from httpwwwimemcorgarticle68969

Bar Z (2009 October 18) Comment How do Turkey and Israel measure each otherrsquos love Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomprint-editionopinioncomment-how-do-turkey-and-israel-measure-each-other-s-love-15928

Barkat A (2007 July 24) Ex-minister Rubinstein State should reclaim land given to the JNF Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomnewsex-minister-rubinstein-state-should-reclaim-land-given-to-jnf-1226146

Barnes K C (2004) Journey of hope The back-to-Africa movement in Arkansas Chapel Hill NC University of North Carolina Press

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Becker H (1953) Becoming a marihuana user The American Journal of Sociology 59(3) 235ndash242Beinart P (2010 May 12) The failure of the American Jewish establishment The New York Review

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Beinart P (2012) The crisis of Zionism New York Times BooksBeinart P (2014 August 18) The next steps for liberal Zionists after Gaza A freedom summer with

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httpwwwmeriporgmeromero032699Beit-Hallahmi B (1993) Original sins Reflections on the history of Zionism and Israel New York

Olive Branch PressBenmelecha E amp Claude B (2007) Human capital and the productivity of suicide bombers Journal

of Economic Perspectives 21(3) 223ndash238 Retrieved from httpwwwkelloggnorthwesternedufacultybenmelechhtmlBenmelechPapersHuman_Capital_Suicide_Bomberspdf

Benn A (2014 May 1) Netanyahu Hero of the binational state Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomopinionpremium-1588380

Bennett N (2014 November 5) For Israel two-state is no solution The New York Times Retrieved from httpwwwnytimescom20141106opinionnaftali-bennett-for-israel-two-state-is-no-solutionhtml

Berger P L amp Neuhaus R J (1996) To empower people From state to civil society Washington DC American Enterprise Institute Press

Bertelsen J S (1997) Nonstate nations in international politics Comparative system analysis New York Praeger

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Bhabha H K (1994) Narrating the nation In J Hutchinson amp A D Smith (Eds) Nationalism (pp 306ndash312) New York Oxford University Press

Bhaba H K (1999) Liberalismrsquos sacred cow In S M Okin (Ed) Is multiculturalism bad for women (pp 79ndash84) Princeton NJ Princeton University Press

Birzeit University Right to Education Campaign (nd) The electronic intifada Retrieved from httpelectronicintifadanetpeoplebirzeit-university-right-education-campaign

Bishara A (2012) Back stories Stanford CA Stanford University PressBluestone B amp Harrison B (1984) The deindustrialization of America Plant closings community

abandonment and the dismantling of basic industry New York Basic BooksBlumenthal M (2013 August 20) How school privatization hawks teach for America promote Israel

The electronic intifada Retrieved from httpelectronicintifadanetcontenthow-school-privatization-hawks-teach-america-promote-israel12700

Boon K (2009) The obligations of the new occupier The contours of Jus Post Bellum Loyola LA International and Comparative Law Review 31 57ndash84

Botstein Leon President of Bard College (2004 April) [Personal interview]Boycott from within Rretrieved from httpwwwboycottisraelinfoBoycott Supporting the Palestinian BDS Call From Within (nd) Palestinians Jews Citizens of Israel

join the Palestinian call for a BDS campaign against Israel Retrieved from httpboycottisraelinfonodepage=1

Boyko H (2010 May 2) Likud MK says wants Jewish statehellip with the Palestinians News that Matters Retrieved from httpivarfjeldcom20100502likud-mk-says-wants-jewish-stateE280A6-with-the-palestinians

Braverman M (2010) Fatal embrace Christians Jews and the search for peace in the Holy Land Austin TX Synergy Books

Breaking the Silence (nd) Homepage Retrieved from httpwwwbreakingthesilenceorgilBreaking the Silence (2012) Our harsh logic Israeli soldiersrsquo testimonies from the occupied territories

(2000ndash2010) New York HoltBrsquoTselem (nd) Homepage Retrieved from httpwwwbtselemorgBrsquoTselem (nd) Settlements Background Retrieved from httpwwwbtselemorgsettlementsBrsquoTselem (nd) Statistics Fatalities after operation cast lead Retrieved from httpwwwbtselemorg

statisticsfatalitiesafter-cast-leadby-date-of-eventBrsquoTselem (nd) Statistics on settlements and settler population Retrieved from httpwwwbtselemorg

settlementsstatisticsBrsquoTselem (nd) Statistics ndash Rocket and mortar fire into Israel Retrieved from httpwwwbtselemorg

israeli_civiliansqassam_missilesdataBrsquoTselem (2011 January 1) Administrative detention Retrieved from httpwwwbtselemorg

administrative_detentionBrsquoTselem (2011 January 1) Gaza Strip Operation cast lead (27 Dec lsquo08 to 18 Jan lsquo09) Retrieved from

httpwwwbtselemorggaza_stripcastlead_operationBrsquoTselem (2011 January 1) The separation barrier Retrieved from httpwwwbtselemorg

separation_barrierBrsquoTselem (2013 March 6) How to build a fence in Hebron Retrieved from httpswwwyoutubecom

watchv=qC4EEPVRBsEBrsquoTselem (2014) Checkpoints physical obstructions and forbidden roads Retrieved from

httpwwwbtselemorgfreedom_of_movementcheckpoints_and_forbidden_roadsBrsquoTselem (2014) Settler violence Lack of accountability Retrieved from httpwwwbtselemorgtopic

settler_violenceBrsquoTselem (2014) Water crisis Retrieved from httpwwwbtselemorgwaterdiscrimination_in_water_

supplyBuffet P (2013 July 26) The charitable-industrial complex The New York Times Retrieved from

httpwwwnytimescom20130727opinionthe-charitable-industrial-complexhtmladxnnl=1amp adxnnlx=1375102921-qUCOBf5kL9yNj8QczeHjA

Bullard R D (Ed) (2005) The quest for environmental justice Human rights and the politics of pollution New York Counterpoint

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Burawoy M (2005) 2004 Presidential address to the American Sociological Association For public sociology American Sociological Review 70 4ndash28

Burg A (2008) The Holocaust is over We must rise from its ashes New York Palgrave MacmillanBurg A (2011 April 1) When the walls come tumbling down Harsquoaretz Retrieved from

httpwwwhaaretzcomweekendmagazinewhen-the-walls-come-tumbling-down-1353501Burg A (2014 January 24) The future of yesterday Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcom

weekendweek-s-endpremium-1570166Bush G H W amp Scrowcroft B (1998) A world transformed New York KnopfBustan (nd) Homepage Retrieved from httpwwwbustanorgondefaultaspButler J (2012) Parting ways Jewishness and the critique of Zionism New York Columbia University

PressButtu D (2009 March 19) What happens after the peace process Speech presented in Boston College

Chestnut Hill MACampbell R amp Spangler E (2000) The curious history of the toxics use reduction planner In

H Lopata amp K Henson (Eds) Unusual occupations Current research in occupations and professions Stamford CT JAI Press

Carsten J (Ed) (2000) Cultures and relatedness New approaches to the study of kinship Cambridge UK Cambridge University Press

The Carter Center (2014 November 10) Israel and the occupied Palestinian territory Retrieved from httpwwwcartercenterorgcountriesisrael_and_the_palestinian_territorieshtml

Carter J (2006) Palestine Peace not apartheid New York Simon and ShusterCarter J (2006 January) Palestinian elections Trip report by former US President Jimmy Carter

Retrieved from httpwwwcartercenterorgnewsdocumentsdoc2287htmlCasbari C D (2014 June 15) So long and thanks for nothing Harsquoaretz Retrieved from

httpwwwhaaretzcomopinionpremium-1598872Cassidy J (2014 April 29) John Kerry and the A-word Three takeaways The New Yorker Retrieved

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Center for Constitutional Rights (nd) Mamilla cemetery in Jerusalem Retrieved from httpccrjusticeorgMamilla

Center for Development in Central America (nd) Appropriate technology Retrieved from httpjhc-cdcaorgprojectsappropriate-technology

Central Intelligence Agency (2014) Middle East Gaza Strip In The world factbook Retrieved from httpswwwciagovlibrarypublicationsthe-world-factbookgeosgzhtml

Central Intelligence Agency (2014) Middle East Israel The world factbook Retrieved from httpswwwciagovlibrarypublicationsthe-world-factbookgeosishtml

Central Intelligence Agency (2014) Middle East West Bank The world factbook Retrieved from httpswwwciagovlibrarypublicationsthe-world-factbookgeoswehtml

Churchill W (1946 March 5) The sinews of peace [Speech] Retrieved from httphistory1900saboutcom odchurchillwinstonaIron-Curtainhtm

Cloward R Piven amp Frances F (1993) Regulating the poor New York Vintage BooksCNN Staff (2012 June 3) Syria-Related clashes rage in Lebanon leaving 13 dead CNN Retrieved from

httpwwwcnncom20120603worldmeastlebanon-syria-violenceindexhtmlCohen D (2014 March 27) Repression and resistance in Bethlehemrsquos Aida refugee camp Mondoweiss

Retrieved from httpmondoweissnet201403repression-resistance-bethlehemshtmlCohen D N (2014 April 6) Who has the right to celebrate Israel Harsquoaretz Retrieved from

httpwwwhaaretzcomjewish-worldjewish-world-featurespremium-1584002Cohen G (2014 April 6) Senior IDF commanderrsquos jeep vandalized in West Bank settlement Harsquoaretz

Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomnewsdiplomacy-defensepremium-1584105Cohen M (1994) Under crescent and cross The Jews in the middle ages Princeton NJ Princeton

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httpwwwnytimescom20141221opinionsundayroger-cohen-what-will-israel-becomehtml_r=0

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Combatants for Peace (nd) Homepage Retrieved from httpcfpeaceorgConvention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948) Audiovisual library of

international law Retrieved from httplegalunorgavlhacppcgcppcghtmlCoogan M (2014 March 23) Is the US quietly imposing travel sanctions on Israeli officials

Mondoweiss Retrieved from httpmondoweissnet201403imposing-sanctions-officialshtmlDabashi H (2006) Dreams of a nation On Palestinian cinema New York VersoDavis U (1977) Israel Utopia incorporated ndash A study of class state and corporate kin control London

UK Zed BooksDawkins R amp Coyne J (2005 September 1) One side can be wrong The Guardian Retrieved from

httpwwwtheguardiancomscience2005sep01schoolsresearchThe Declaration of Independence Retrieved from httpwwwarchivesgovexhibitschartersdeclaration_

transcripthtmlDe Maio M (2011 November 23) Peace is a poisoned word Cognitive Liberty Retrieved from

httpcognitivelibertynet2011peace-is-a-poisoned-wordDe Soto H (2000) The mystery of capital Why capitalism triumphs in the west and fails everywhere

else New York Basic BooksDe Tocqueville A (2002) Democracy in America Chicago IL University of Chicago PressDeaths as Israeli forces storm Gaza aid ships (2010 May 31) BBC News Retrieved from

httpwwwbbccouknews10195838Degani A (2014 April 29) Guess who else fears that Israel will be labeled an apartheid state

Mondoweiss Retrieved from httpmondoweissnet201404israel-become-apartheidhtmlDeger A (2014 March 21) Israel teens dressed as KKK and in lsquoblack facersquo for mock lynching at

school Purim party Mondoweiss Retrieved from httpmondoweissnet201403israeli-dressed- lynchinghtml

Derber C (2010) Greed to green Solving climate change and remaking the economy New York Paradigm Publishers

Derfner L (2012 November 26) Ehud Barak to step down On his de-evolution and Israelrsquos +972 Retrieved from http972magcomehud-baraks-de-evolution-and-israels60889

Derfner L (2013 August 12) Israelrsquos everyday racism ndash And how American Jews turn a blind eye to it The Jewish daily forward Retrieved from httpforwardcomarticles182171israels-everyday-racism-and-how-american-jews-tu

Deutsch K (1969) Nationality and its alternatives New York Knopfdfedwing (2009 December 1) Al-Kurd family home take-over (Sheikh Jarrah) [Video file] Retrieved

from httpswwwyoutubecomwatchfeature=endscreenampNR=1ampv=wlQf41CJjjcDias E (2014 September 12) Yale Chaplain explains resignation after oped about Israel and anti-

semitism Time Retrieved from httptimecom3340634yale-chaplain-bruce-shipman-israel-anti-semitism

Doyle A C (2001) The sign of the four London UK Penguin ClassicsThe East Jerusalem YMCA (nd) East Jerusalem YMCA Rehabilitation Program Retrieved from

httpwwwej-ymcaorgindexphpoption=com_contentampview=articleampid=68ampItemid=142Ehrenreich B (2013 March 15) Is this where the third intifada will start The New York Times Retrieved

from httpwwwnytimescom20130317magazineis-this-where-the-third-intifada-will-starthtml pagewanted=all

Ehrlich G (1992 May 6) Not only in Deir Yassin HarsquoirEinstein A (nd) Quotes about Zionism It would be my greatest sadness to see Zionists (Jews) do to

Palestinian Arabs much of what Nazis did to Jews Retrieved from httpwwwgoodreadscomquotestagzionism

Einstein A (2004) Speech to the national labor committee for Palestine New York 17th April 1938 In ASchatz (Ed) Prophets outcast A century of dissident jewish writing about zionism and Israel (pp 63ndash64) New York The Nation Books

Eisenstadt S (1992) The Jewish historical experience in comparative perspective New York State University of New York Press

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Eldar A (2010 August 16) Citizens but not equal Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomprint-editionopinioncitizens-but-not-equal-1308265

Ellis M H (2009) Judaism does not equal Israel The rebirth of the Jewish prophetic New PressEncounter Home page Retrieved from httpwwwencounterprogramsorgEpstein Y The hidden question In Gill Natasha (2013 June 19) The original lsquoNorsquo Why the Arabs

rejected zionism and why it matters Retrieved from httpwwwmepcorgarticles-commentarycommentaryoriginal-no-why-arabs-rejected-zionism-and-why-it-matters

Erikson K (2004) The wayward puritans Upper Saddle River NJ Prentice HallEromosele D (2014 October 16) 40000 voter registrations submitted by blacks and hispanics disappear

in Ga The Root Retrieved from httpwwwtherootcomarticlespolitics201410_40_000_voter_registration_applications_submitted_by_black_and_hispanichtml

Essed P (1991) Understanding everyday racism An interdisciplinary theory Newbury Park CA Sage Publications

EU Presidency Statement on Palestinian Legislative Council elections (2006 January 26) Retrieved from httpwwweu-uneuropaeuarticlesfrarticle_5626_frhtm

Falk R (2007 July 7) Slouching toward a Palestinian Holocaust Retrieved from httpwwwcountercurrentsorgfalk070707html

Feldman Y (2014) The Lab Retrieved from httpwwwaljazeeracomprogrammeswitness201405lab-20145475423526313html

Filc D (2009) Circles of exclusion The politics of health care in Israel New York Cornell University Press

Files KKKL1ndash7 Central Zionist Archive Jerusalem IsraelFinnegan W (2002) Leasing the rain Frontline world Retrieved from httpwwwpbsorgfrontlineworld

storiesbolivialeasinghtmlFisher M (2013 November 20) 9 questions about Iranrsquos nuclear program you were too embarrassed

to ask The Washington Post Retrieved from httpwwwwashingtonpostcomblogsworldviewswp201311259-questions-about-irans-nuclear-program-you-were-too-embarrassed-to-ask

Flapan S (1979) Zionism and the Palestinians New York Barnes and NobleFoner E (2015) Gateway to freedom The hidden history of the underground railroad New York

WW Norton and CoFord L (nd) Women at the back of the bus Separate sex seating on buses for orthodox Jews [Video

file] Retrieved from httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=DejnrvU4z9wFoundation for Middle East Peace (nd) Statistical Abstract of Israel Comprehensive settlement

population 1972ndash2010 Retrieved from httpwwwfmeporgsettlement_infosettlement-info-and-tablesstats-datacomprehensive-settlement-population-1972-2006

Frenkel S A (2009 October 11) Vigilantes patrol for Jewish women dating Arab men NPR Morning Edition Retrieved from httpwwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=113724468

Friedberg R M (2001) The impact of mass migration on the Israeli labor market The Quarterly Journal of Economics 116(4) 1371ndash1408

Friedman T (1982 September 26) The Beirut massacre The four days The New York Times Retrieved from httpwwwnytimescom19820926worldthe-beirut-massacre-the-four-dayshtml module=SearchampmabReward=relbiasw222=22=22RI17=22=amppagewanted=6

Friedman T (2014 February 19) Breakfast before the MOOC The New York Times Retrieved from httpwwwnytimescom20140219opinionfriedman-breakfast-before-the-moochtml

Galdos G (2014 July 31) Gaza war prompts Latin Americans to break ties with Israel Channel 4 News Retrieved from httpwwwchannel4comnewsgaza-strip-latin-america-israel-diplomatic-brazil-argentina

Gareau B (2013) From precaution to profit Contemporary challenges to environmental protection in the Montreal Protocol New Haven CT Yale University Press

Garfinkle A (1991) On the origin meaning use and abuse of a phrase Middle Eastern Studies 27(539)Garroutte E (2003) Real Indians Identity and survival of Native America Berkeley CA University of

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Gayle D (2013 October 2) Creative Palestinian gardener uses hundreds of spent tear gas canisters as plant pots Daily Mail Retrieved from httpwwwdailymailcouknewsarticle-2441997Palestinian-gardener-uses-spent-tear-gas-canisters-PLANT-POTShtml

Gaza activists boat docks (2009 October 28) JTA The global Jewish news source Retrieved from httpwwwjtaorg20081028news-opiniongaza-activist-boat-docks

Gellner E (1994) Nationalism and modernisation In J Hutchinson amp A D Smith (Eds) Nationalism (pp 62) New York Oxford University Press

Gelvin J (2005) The Israel-Palestine conflict One hundred years of war London UK Cambridge University Press

Gelvin J (2007) The Israeli-Palestine conflict On hundred years of war Cambridge England Cambridge University Press

Gendzier I (forthcoming) Dying to forget Oil power Palestine and the origins of United States foreign policy in the Middle East New York Columbia University Press

Gendzier I (2011 November) Why the US recognized Israel Israeli occupation archive Retrieved httpwwwisraeli-occupationorg2011-11-09irene-gendzier-why-the-us-recognised-israel

The Geneva convention and the rules of war 1949 Retrieved from httpswwwicrcorgenwar-and-lawtreaties-customary-lawgeneva-conventions

Geneva convention relative to the treatment of prisoners of war Aug 12 1949 6 UST 3316 75 UNTS 135 Retrieved from httpswwwicrcorgcustomary-ihlengdocsv2_rul_rule130

Genovese E (1976) Roll Jordan roll The world the slaves made New York Vintage PressGerlitz R (2014 March 28) The correlation between Arab economic power and attacks by the right

+972 Retrieved from http972magcomthe-correlation-between-arab-economic-power-and-attacks-by-the-right89045

Gill N (2013 June 19) The original ldquonordquo Why the Arabs rejected Zionism and why it matters Middle east policy council Retrieved from httpwwwmepcorgarticles-commentarycommentaryoriginal-no-why-arabs-rejected-zionism-and-why-it-matters

Gisha Legal Center for Freedom of Movement (2009 September 21) Teaching Gaza a lesson Retrieved from httpgishaorgen-blog20090921teaching-gaza-a-lesson

Gisha Legal Center for Freedom of Movement (2010 July 7) Unraveling the closure of Gaza Retrieved from httpgishaorgUserFilesFilepublicationsUnravelingTheClosureEngpdf

Glendon M A (1998) Knowing the universal declaration of human rights Notre Dame Law Review 73(5) 1153ndash1176

Global Religious Landscape Muslims (2012 December 18) Pew research center Retrieved from httpwwwpewforumorg20121218global-religious-landscape-muslim

Glover D (2014 August 18) Stand with Keith Ellison and Barbara Lee to end the blockade of Gaza Huffington Post Retrieved from httpwwwhuffingtonpostcomdanny-gloverstand-with-keith-ellison-_b_5689392html

Gold S (2014 August 22) Hamas executes 18 lsquocollaboratorsrsquo in Gaza Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomnewsmiddle-east1611989

Goldberg J J (2014 July 26) Israelrsquos latest fib lsquoGaza tunnels were surprisersquo The Jewish Daily Forward Retrieved from httpblogsforwardcomjj-goldberg202855israels-latest-fib-gaza-tunnels-were-surpriseU9PmnChGIrAfacebookixzz38bZjJCjm

Golden D (2012 November 1) Why the professor went to prison Bloomberg Businessweek Retrieved from httpwwwbusinessweekcomarticles2012-11-01why-the-professor-went-to-prison

Goldstone R (2009 September) Human rights in Palestine and other occupied Arab territories (Report No GE09-15866) United Nations

Gored A A (Ed) (1982) Dissenter from Zion From the writing of Judah L Magnes Cambridge MA Harvard University Press

Gouldner A (1970) The coming crisis of western sociology New York Basic BooksGreenfield P A (2014 September 26) An Israel equal for all Jewish or not Washington Post

Retrieved from httpwwwwashingtonpostcomopinionsan-israel-equal-for-all-jewish-or-not2014 092683151758-3a05-11e4-9c9f-ebb47272e40e_storyhtml

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Gurion B (1938 June 7) Address at the mapai political committee In Flapan S (1979) Zionism and the Palestinians New York Barnes and Noble

Gurvitz Y (2014 May 11) Itrsquos the little things about occupation +972 Retrieved from http972magcom its-the-little-things-about-occupation90744

Harsquoam A Excerpt from lsquotruth from Eretz Israelrsquo In A Schatz (Ed) (2004) Prophets outcast A century of dissident Jewish writing about Zionism and Israel New York The Nation Books

Harsquoaretz (2014 April 30) ldquoPrice tagrdquo attacks spread into Israel go unpunished Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomnewsdiplomacy-defense1588285

Hajjar L (2005) Courting conflict The Israeli military court system in the West Bank and Gaza Berkeley CA University of California Press

Hallowell A I (1964) Culture and experience New York Shocken BooksHalper J (2010) The global pacification industrymdashAn interview Retrieved from httpswwwyoutubecom

watchv=SVa0QbH8YcAHalper J (2010 February 26) The Second Battle of Gaza Israelrsquos undermining of international law The

Monthly Review Retrieved from httpmrzinemonthlyrevieworg2010halper260210htmlHalper J (2014 August 18) Globalizing Gaza Counterpunch Retrieved from httpwwwcounterpunchorg

20140818globalizing-gazaprintHamad S (2010) Born Palestinian born black Brooklyn NY Upset PressHamas Charter (1988) Retrieved from httpwwwhamaschartercomHammami R (1995) NGOs The professionalization of politics Race and Class 37 51ndash63Hammond D amp Jablow A (1992) The Africa that never was New York Waveland Press Also

published as Dorothy Hammond and Alta Jablow (2012) The Myth of Africa New York Library of the Social Sciences

Hanafi S (2009) Spacio-cide Colonial politics invisibility and rezoning in Palestinian territory Contemporary Arab Affairs 2(1) 106ndash121 Retrieved from httpwwwhumanitarianibhnetenglishreportes2009_Spacio-cide_CAApdf

Harel A (2006 January 2) Palestinian truce main cause for reduced terror Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomprint-editionnewsshin-bet-palestinian-truce-main-cause-for-reduced-terror-161607

Harel A (2014 August 29) The summer Israelrsquos security bubble wrap burst Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomnewsdiplomacy-defense1613053

Harris G (2014 March 28) Borrowed time on disappearing land The New York Times Retrieved from httpwwwnytimescom20140329worldasiafacing-rising-seas-bangladesh-confronts-the-consequences-of-climate-changehtml_r=0

Hartman B (2011 July 30) Larger housing protests set to take place in 10 cities Jerusalem Post Retrieved from httpwwwjpostcomNational-NewsLarger-housing-protests-set-to-take-place-in-10-cities

Hartman B (2014 August 28) 50 Days of Israelrsquos Gaza Operation Protective Edgemdashby the numbers Jerusalem Post Retrieved from httpwwwjpostcomOperation-Protective-Edge50-days-of-Israels-Gaza-operation-Protective-Edge-by-the-numbers-372574

Harvard Kennedy School (2012) IsraelPalestine and the one state solution [Conference] Retrieved from httpwwwonestateconferencecom

Harvey D (2007) A brief history of neoliberalism New York Oxford University PressHass A (2014 May 29) A lawyer for every labor Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcom

newsfeaturespremium-1596134Hass A (2014 October 12) A nightmare question highlights the importance of oral history Harsquoaretz

Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomnewsnationalpremium-1620414Hatuqa D (2014 September 21) Israel in grave breach over informants Al Jazeera Retrieved from

httpwwwaljazeeracomnewsmiddleeast201409spying-palestinians-war-crime-20149215553 352273html

Heller A (2013 August 17) Israeli settlements at forefront of Palestinian peace talks Huffington Post Retrieved from httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20130817israeli-settlements-peace-talks_n_ 3773187html

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Herman-Peled H amp Peled Y (2011) Post-post-Zionism Confronting the death of the two-state solution New Left Review 67 97ndash118

Heruti-Sover T (2014 September 9) Report Settlements receive disproportionate state funding Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcombusinesspremium-1614765

Herzl T (nd) Old new land (Altneuland) New York Create Space Independent Publishing PlatformHerzel T (1896) The Jewish State Retrieved from httpswwwjewishvirtuallibraryorgjsource

Zionismherzl2htmlHerzel T (nd) Zionism Quotes Zionism demands a publicly recognized and legally secured homeland

in Palestine for the Jewish people Retrieved from httpwwwbrainyquotecomquoteskeywordszionismhtmlMtRltxmvCjtPP6vR99

Higgins A (2009 January 24) How Israel helped spawn Hamas Wall Street Journal Retrieved from httpwwwreuterscomarticle20110312us-palestinians-israel-violence-idUSTRE72B0B920110312 httponlinewsjcomnewsarticlesSB123275572295011847mg=reno64-wsjampurl=http3A2F 2Fonlinewsjcom2Farticle2FSB123275572295011847html

Hirschman A (1970) Exit voice and loyalty Cambridge MA Harvard University PressHitchens C (2011) Hitch-22 A memoir London UK TwelveHobsbawm E (1994) The nation as invented tradition In J Hutchinson amp A D Smith (Eds)

Nationalism (pp 76ndash82) New York Oxford University PressHoffman A (2007) Incantation New York Little Brown and CompanyHooks B (1994) Teaching to transgress New York RoutledgeHorovitz D (2014 July 13) Netanyahu finally speaks his mind The Times of Israel Retrieved from

httpwwwtimesofisraelcomnetanyahu-finally-speaks-his-mindHorowitz A Ratner L amp Weiss P (2011) The Goldstone report The legacy of the landmark

investigation of the Gaza conflict New York Nation BooksHovel R (2013 October 3) Supreme Court rejects citizensrsquo request to change nationality from lsquoJewishrsquo

to lsquoIsraelirsquo Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomnewsnationalpremium-1550241Huber P (1990 July 9) The lawyers versus the homeless Forbes 92 Retrieved from httpoverlawyeredcom

articleshuberclozarilhtmlHumanists of Utah (2002) Why canrsquot I own A Canadian Retrieved from httpwwwhumanistsofutahorg

2002WhyCantIOwnACanadian_10-02htmlHuneidi S (2001) CO 73318 Churchill to Samuel telegram private and personal 25 February 1922

In S Huneidi (Ed) A broken trust Herbert Samuel zionism and the Palestinians (pp 57) IB Tauris amp Co Ltd

Hunter F R (1993) The Palestinian uprising A war by other means Berkeley CA University of California Press

Huntington S (2011) The clash of civilizations and the remaking of world order New York Simon and Shuster

Hyde W Dr (2006) The tortuous route of Black American history In J T Campbell (Ed) Middle passage African American journeys to Africa 1787ndash2005 New York Penguin Press

Ibish H (2012 August 28) Bulldozing the special relationship Foreign Policy Retrieved from httpwwwforeignpolicycomarticles20120828bulldozing_the_special_relationship

Illuz E (2014 February 7) 47 Years a slave A new perspective on the occupation Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomnewsfeaturespremium-1572880

Institute for Middle East Understanding (2014) 50 Days of death and destruction Israelrsquos ldquoOperation protective edgerdquo Retrieved from httpimeuorgarticle50-days-of-death-destruction-israels-operation-protective-edge

Institute for Sustainable Communities (nd) Homepage Retrieved from httpwwwiscvtorgIsraeli Committee against House Demolitions (nd) Homepage Retrieved from httpicahdorgIsrael Diplomatic Network (2013 January 3) Zagreb Population of Israel Retrieved from

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Million Retrieved from httpembassiesgovilzagrebPagesPopulation-of-Israel-on-the-eve-of-2013-8-Millionaspx

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Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2000 August 22) The fruits of peace Retrieved from httpwwwmfagovilmfaforeignpolicypeaceguidepagesthe20fruits20of20peaceaspx

Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2001) PM Sharon Address the Knessetrsquos Special Solidarity Session 16 September 2001 Retrieved from httpmfagovilMFAPressRoom2001Pages PM20Sharon20Addresses20the20Knesset-s20Special20Solidariaspx

Israel Pocket Library (1973) Zionism (1973) Jerusalem Israel Keter BooksIsraelPalestine Mapping Models of Statehood and Paths of Peace Conference (2009 June) York

University Toronto Ontario Retrieved from httpwwwyorkucaipconfspeakershtmlIsrael publishes tender for 283 settlement homes (2014 September 5) The Times of Israel Retrieved

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httpwwwhrworgnews20101218israelwest-bank-separate-and-unequalJad I (2004) The NGO-isation of Arab womenrsquos movements Retrieved from httpwwwshebacsscom

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httpwwwgooglecomurlsa=tamprct=jampq=ampesrc=sampsource=webampcd=1ampved=0CB8QFjAAampurl= http3A2F2Fwwwawidorg2Fcontent2Fdownload2F448832F4822902Ffile2FThe 2520Case2520of2520Palestine_Oct252029pdfampei=-QDYU9nhMJaoyATy8YDAAQampusg= AFQjCNEbI8t4reMNuBNkudS5O3F7N144AQampsig2=ow-inFqIAurGh3O9YcwXpQampbvm=bv71778758daWw

James m (2014 April 20) Female in Gaza The New York Times Retrieved from httpwwwnytimescom20140420opinionsundayfemale-in-gazahtml_r=0

Jan beddegenoodts (2012 January 26) We are Nabi Saleh (Trailer) [Video file] Retrieved from httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=DdyD8yZ68NA

Jenkins D (1975) Black Zion The return of Afro-Americans and West Indians to Africa London UK Wildwood House

The Jerusalem Fund (2009 March 3) Hisham B Sharabi memorial lecture Apartheid and occupation under international law with John Dugard Retrieved from httpwwwthejerusalemfundorghtdisplayContentDetailsi5240pid897

Jewish Agency of Israel (nd) Live from Ukraine In fast-paced operation Jewish agency rescues group of immigrants from Donetsk Retrieved from httpwwwjewishagencyorgblog1article

Jewish Agency of Israel (nd) Project TEN Global Tikkun Olam Retrieved from httpwwwjewishagencyorgjewish-social-actionprogram215

Jewish National Fund (nd) Homepage Retrieved from httpwwwjnforgJewish National Fund (nd) Our history Retrieved from httpwwwjnforgabout-jnfhistoryJewish National Fund (nd) Retrieved from httpwwwjspacecomorgjewish-national-fund-jnf258Jewish settlers receive hundreds of thousands in compensation for leaving Gaza while Palestinians

working for them get nothing (2005 August 16) Democracy Now Retrieved from httpwwwdemocracynoworg2005816jewish_settlers_receive_hundreds_of_thousands

Jewish Telegraph Agency (2014 May 28) ADL joins Native American groups calling for Redskins name change Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomjewish-worldjewish-world-news1595800

Jewish Virtual Library (nd) Israel society amp culture Jewish agency for Israel (JAFI) Retrieved from httpwwwjewishvirtuallibraryorgjsourceOrgsjafihtml

Jewish Virtual Library (nd) Jewish population of the world Retrieved from httpwwwjewishvirtuallibraryorgjsourceJudaismjewpophtml

Jewish Virtual Library (nd) Zionist Congress Retrieved from httpswwwjewishvirtuallibraryorgjsourceZionismFirst_Cong_amp_Basel_Programhtml

Jhally S amp Ratzkoff B (Directors) (2003) Peace propaganda and the promised land [Motion picture] Media Education Foundation

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Jhally S (Director) (2006) Reel bad Arabs [Motion picture] Media Education FoundationJohnson S M amp Campbell R R (1981) Black migration in America A social demographic history

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difference Cambridge MA MIT PressJordan J (1989) Moving towards home London UK ViragoJudis J (2014) Genesis Truman American Jews and the origins of the ArabIsraeli conflict New York

Farrar Strauss and GirouxJudt T (2003 October 23) Israel The alternative New York Review of Books Retrieved from

httpwwwnybookscomarticlesarchives2003oct23israel-the-alternativeKampfner J (2002 November 18) NS interview ndash Jack Straw The New Statesman Retrieved from

httpwwwnewstatesmancomnode144241Kanaaneh R A (2009) Surrounded Palestinian soldiers in the Israeli military Stanford CA Stanford

University PressKane A (2010 November 4) The real Yitzhak Rabin Mondoweiss Retrieved from httpmondoweiss

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with Ali Abunimah Mondoweiss Retrieved from httpmondoweissnet201403palestine-raging-abunimahhtml

Kankleh K (2012) Globalized Palestine A national sell-out of a homeland Trenton NJ The Red Sea Press

Karon T (2006 May 19) How Jewish is Israel Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomprint-editionopinionhow-jewish-is-israel-1188095

Kasrils R (2009 March 17) Who said nearly 50 years ago that Israel was an apartheid state Media Monitors Network Retrieved from httpworldmediamonitorsnetcontentviewfull60684

Kate (2014 April 23) Israeli settlers release wild boars on Palestinian farmland to destroy crops Mondoweiss Retrieved from httpmondoweissnet201404israeli-settlers-palestinianhtml

Kate (2014 April 30) Israel approved almost 14000 new settler homes and demolished over 5000 Palestinian structures during 9 months of peace talks Mondoweiss Retrieved from httpmondoweissnet201404demolished-palestinian-structureshtml

Katz Y (2012 March 10) Easy to start hard to end The Jerusalem Post Retrieved from httpwwwjpostcomDefenseAnalysis-Easy-to-start-hard-to-end

Kaufman A (2011 December 25) WATCH Ultra-Orthodox spit on ldquoimmodestrdquo 8-year-old girl in Beit Shemesh +972 Magazine Retrieved from http972magcomwatch-ultra-orthodox-spit-on-immodest-8-year-old-girl-in-bet-shemesh31268

Kaufman A (2014 August 25) Israelis on Facebook wish death for Holocaust survivors against Protective Edge +972 Magazine Retrieved from http972magcomnstt_feeditemisraelis-on-facebook-wish-death-for-holocaust-survivors-against-protective-edge

Kearney M (2014 August 20) What would happen if Palestine joined the International Criminal Court Electronic intifada Retrieved from httpelectronicintifadanetcontentwhat-would-happen-if-palestine-joined-international-criminal-court13783

Keller A (2014 February 14) From Canaan to Spain [Blog post] Retrieved from httpadam-keller2blogspotcoil201402from-canaan-to-spainhtml

Kelman N (2012 April 24) The necessity of hope The Jerusalem Post Retrieved from httpwwwjpostcomFeaturesIn-ThespotlightThe-necessity-of-hope

Keret E (2014 July 25) Israelrsquos other war The New Yorker Retrieved from httpwwwnewyorkercom bookspage-turnerisraels-other-warsrc=mp

Kershner I (2008 December 14) UN human rights investigator expelled by Israel The New York Times Retrieved from httpwwwnytimescom20081216worldmiddleeast16mideasthtml_r=0

Kershner I (2014 August 31) Israel claims nearly 1000 acres of West Bank land near Bethlehem The New York Times Retrieved from httpwwwnytimescom20140901worldmiddleeastisrael-claims-nearly-1000-acres-of-west-bank-land-near-bethlehemhtml_r=0

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Kershnar S Levy M Benjamin J Scandrett E Deutsch J Schwartzman D amp Kovel J (2011) Greenwashing apartheid The Jewish National Fundrsquos environmental cover-up In JNF Colonizing Palestine since 1901 JNF eBook (Vol 4) Retrieved from httpstopthejnforgdocumentsJNFeBookVol4pdf

Khalidi R (1997) Palestinian identity The construction of modern national consciousness New York Columbia University Press

Khalidi R (2006) The iron cage The story of the Palestinian struggle for statehood Boston MA Beacon Press

Khalidi R (2013) Brokers of deceit How the US has undermined peace in the Middle East Boston MA Beacon Press

Khalidi W (Ed) (1992) All that remains The Palestinian villages occupied and depopulated by Israeli in 1948 Washington DC Institute for Palestine Studies

Kharmi G (2007) Married to another man Israelrsquos dilemma in Palestine London UK Pluto PressKimmerling B (2006) Politicide The real legacy of Ariel Sharon London UK Verso PressKimmerling B amp Migdal J S (2003) The Revolt of 1834 and the making of modern Palestine In the

Palestinian people Cambridge MA Harvard University PressKing M L Jr (1963) I have a dream [Speech] Retrieved from httpwwwamericanrhetoriccom

speechesmlkihaveadreamhtmKlein N (2007) The shock doctrine New York Henry Holt and CompanyKlein N (2007 June 15) Gaza Not just a prison a laboratory Common dreams Retrieved from

httpwwwcommondreamsorgarchive200706151901Klingbail S amp Shiloh S (2012 December 5) Bye the beloved country ndash Why almost 40 percent

of Israelis are thinking of emigrating Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomnewsfeaturesbye-the-beloved-country-why-almost-40-percent-of-israelis-are-thinking-of- emigratingpremium-1484945

Klingman J (2014 April 11) Black capitalism ndash Fulfillment or failure Black Voice News Retrieved from httpwwwblackvoicenewscomcommentarymore-commentary49486-black-capitalism-fulfillment-or-failurehtml

Koelbl S (2011 March 28) It will not stop Syrian uprising continues despite crackdown Spiegel Online Retrieved from httpwwwspiegeldeinternationalworldit-will-not-stop-syrian-uprising-continues-despite-crackdown-a-753517html

Kramer M (2010 February) Superfluous young men Sandbox Retrieved from httpwwwmartinkramerorgsandbox201002superfluous-young-men

Kramer S (Director) (1967) Guess whorsquos coming to dinner [Motion picture]Kra-Oz T (2013 February 9) A B Yehoshua calls American Jews Partial Jews Tablet A New Read on

Jewish Life Retrieved from httpwwwtabletmagcomscroll124689a-b-yehoshua-calls-american-jews-partial-jews

Kreisky Forum (nd) Alternatives to partition Principles of Jewish Israeli-Palestinian partnerships Retrieved from httpwwwkreisky-forumorgnon-public-1html

Kucinich D (2009 January 6) Israel may be in violation of arms export control act The World Post Retrieved from httpwwwhuffingtonpostcomrep-dennis-kucinichisrael-may-be-in-violatio_b_155709html

Kuhn T (1996) The structure of scientific revolutions (3rd ed) Chicago IL The University of Chicago Press

Kushner T amp Solomon A (Eds) (2003) Wrestling with zion Progressive Jewish-American responses to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict New York Grove Press

Kuwaiti stateless protest for third day (2011 February 20) Middle East Online Retrieved from httpwwwmiddle-east-onlinecomenglishid=44476

Kweli T (nd) Around my way [Audio file] Retrieved from httprapgeniuscomTalib-kweli-around-my-way-lyrics

Kysia A (2014 April 7) A peoplersquos history of Muslims in the United States Zinn educational project Retrieved from httpwwwjuancolecom201404peoples-history-muslimshtml

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Lach E (2014 January 2) Pamela Gellerrsquos anti-Muslim ad hits snag in Boston Talking points memo Retrieved from httptalkingpointsmemocommuckrakergeller-ad-boston

Lajee Center (nd) Homepage Retrieved from httpwwwlajeeorgLangstraat J (2006) New boston marriages News representations respectability and the politics of

same sex marriages (Unpublished doctoral dissertation) Boston College Chestnut Hill MALaqueur W (1972) The history of Zionism London UK Wiedenfeld and NicholsonLarcom B (2004 October) ldquoNueva Vidardquo means new life Retrieved from httpwwwnicanetorg

page=blogampid=23772Larger housing protests set to take place in 10 cities (2011 July 30) Jerusalem Post Retrieved from

httpwwwjpostcomNational-NewsLarger-housing-protests-set-to-take-place-in-10-citiesLawrence of Cyberia (2010 March 19) Tell me again Who made the desert bloom [Blog post]

Retrieved from httplawrenceofcyberiablogscomnews201003palestinians-made-the-desert-bloomhtml

Lazare S (2014 March 10) Israeli youth lsquoWe refuse to serve in the occupation armyrsquo Common dreams Retrieved from httpwwwcommondreamsorgheadline20140310-5

League of Arab States (1967) Khartoum resolution Retrieved from httpwwwcfrorgworldkhartoum-resolutionp14841breadcrumb=2Fpublication2Fpublication_list3Ftype3Dessential_document26page3D69

Lehn W amp Davis U (1988) The Jewish national fund London UK Kegan Paul InternationalLendman S (2009 February 27) lsquoWorse than Apartheidrsquo ndash The movement to boycott Israel Pulse

Retrieved from httppulsemediaorg20090227worse-than-apartheid-the-movement-to-boycott-israel

Leunig M (2012 December 11) Just a cartoonist with a moral duty to speak The sunday morning herald Retrieved from httpwwwsmhcomaufederal-politicssociety-and-culturejust-a-cartoonist-with-a-moral-duty-to-speak-20121210-2b5hihtml

Leupp G (2014 November 26) A brief history of Jerusalem Eternal undivided Jewish capital Counterpunch Retrieved from httpwwwcounterpunchorg20141126a-brief-history-of-jerusalem

Levin A (2002) The hidden history of Zionism International socialist review 24 Retrieved from httpwwwisrevieworgissues24hidden_historyshtml

Levy G (2010 July 15) Tricky Bibi Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomprint-editionopiniontricky-bibi-1302053

Levy G (2012 February 19) Enemies a hate story Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomprint-editionopinionenemies-a-hate-story-1413424

Levy G (2014 March 16) Israelrsquos nation-state talk means the return of the yellow star Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomopinionpremium-1580021

Levy G (2014 April 10) Helpless Israelis on a West Bank road Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomopinionpremium-1584868

Levy G (2014 May 7) Parental love Israeli style Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomopinionpremium-1589407

Levy G (2014 August 14) Gevalt anti-Semitism Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomopinionpremium-1610481

Levy G amp Levac A (2014 March 30) The most surreal place in the occupied territories Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomweekendtwilight-zonepremium-1582447

Lior I (2013 August 28) Israel readies for mass deportation of African migrants Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomnewsnationalpremium-1544032

Lis J (2014 February 25) Knesset passes bill distinguishing between Muslim and Christian Arabs Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomnewsnationalpremium-1576247

Lis J (2014 May 11) Israeli ministers approve bill aimed at blocking prisoner swaps Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomnewsdiplomacy-defensepremium-1589987

Lis J (2014 May 11) Ministers debating bill to oblige Israeli firms to do business with settlements Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomnewsnational1589985

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Liska A (1974) The attitude-behavior consistency controversy American Sociological Review 39 261ndash272

MacAllister K (2008) Applicability of the crime of apartheid to Israel Badil Resource Center Retrieved from httpwwwbadilorgenal-majdalitem72-applicability-of-the-crime-of-apartheid-to-israel

MacLeod J (1995) Ainrsquot no makinrsquo it Boulder CO Westview PressMahmoud Darwish Foundation (nd) Homepage Retrieved from httpwwwdarwishfoundationorg

etemplatephpid=32Makdisi S (2010 spring) The Architecture of erasure Critical inquiry (pp519ndash559) Retrieved from

httpcriticalinquiryuchicagoeduuploadspdfMakdisi_Architecture_of_ErasurepdfMali Coup Arab Spring spreads to Africa (2012 March 26) UPI Retrieved from

httpwwwupicomTop_NewsSpecial20120326Mali-coup-Arab-Spring-spreads-to-AfricaUPI-33131332791728spt=hsampor=tn

Maltz J (2014 April 23) As numbers drop Birthright targets candidates with little or no Jewish connection Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomjewish-worldpremium-1586857

Mamdani M (2004) Good Muslim bad Muslim New York Pantheon BooksMamdani M (2012) Responsibility to protect or right to punish Humanitarian intervention

and its critics Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 4(1) 53ndash67 Retrieved from httpdxdoiorg10108017502970903541721

Man dies after setting himself on fire in Saudi Arabia (2011 January 23) BBC News Retrieved from httpwwwbbccouknewsworld-middle-east-12260465

Management Sciences for Health (nd) Homepage Retrieved from httpswwwmshorgMandela N (nd) Human rights quotes To deny people their human rights is to challenge

their very humanity Retrieved from httpwwwbrainyquotecomquoteskeywordshuman_ rightshtml70Z8dhzMD2FPiXZt99

Mandela N (1997 December 4) Address at the international day of solidarity with the Palestinian people [Speech] Retrieved from httpancorgzashowphpid=3384

Manson K (2011 June 1) Pro-democracy protests reach Djibouti Financial Times Retrieved from httpwwwftcomcmss001f94f6-3d18-11e0-bbff-00144feabdc0Authorised=falsehtml_i_location=http3A2F2Fwwwftcom2Fcms2Fs2F02F001f94f6-3d18-11e0-bbff-00144feabdc0html3Fsiteedition3Dukampsiteedition=ukamp_i_referer=axzz38hwLlWPN

Maps of War (nd) The imperial history of the Middle East Retrieved from httpwwwmapsofwarcomindimperial-historyhtml

Marx K (1958) The eighteenth brumaire of Louis Napoleon In Robert Tucker (Ed) The Marx-Engels Reader New York Norton Press

Marx K (1978) The Communist manifesto In R C Tucker (Ed) The Marx-Engels Reader (pp 469ndash500) New York Norton

Masalha N (1992) Expulsion of the Palestinians The concept of ldquotransferrdquo in Zionist political thought Institute for Palestine Studies

Massad J (2001) Colonial effects The making of national identity in Jordan New York Columbia University Press

Massad J (2005) The persistence of the Palestinian question Cultural Critique 59 1ndash23Massad J (2006) Blaming the lobby Al Ahram Weekly Retrieved from httpweeklyahramorgeg

2006787op35htmMassad J (2012 December 24) Zionism anti-Semitism and colonialism Al Jazeera Retrieved from

httpwwwaljazeeracomindepthopinion201212201212249122912381htmlMatar H (2012 April 9) The wall 10 years on The great Israeli project +972 Retrieved from

http972magcomthe-wall-10-years-on-the-great-israeli-project40683Mathias C (2011 September 22) MTA rejects Pamela Geller ad that calls Muslims lsquosavagesrsquo

Huffington Post Retrieved from httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20110922mta-rejects-pamela-geller_n_976235html

McCrummen S (2011 February 25) Thirteen killed in Iraqrsquos lsquoDay of Ragersquo protests The Washington Post Retrieved from httpwwwwashingtonpostcomwp-dyncontentarticle20110224AR2011022403117html

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McGreal C (2006 February 6) Worlds apart The Guardian Retrieved from httpwwwtheguardiancom world2006feb06southafricaisrael

McHenry T (2011) Keeping Mandelarsquos legacy alive CNN Retrieved from httpwwwcnncom2011US0718iywmandelalegacy

McIntosh P (1989) White privilege Unpacking the invisible knapsack Peace and Freedom Magazine JulyAugust 10ndash12

Mearsheimer J amp Walt S (2006) The Israel lobby London Review of Books 28(6) 3ndash12 Retrieved from httpwwwlrbcoukv28n06john-mearsheimerthe-israel-lobby

Mehozay Y (2012) The rule of difference How emergency powers prevent Palestinian assimilation in Israel Israel Studies Review 27(2) 24

Mendes-Flor P (Ed) (1983) A land of two peoples Martin Buber on Jews and Arabs Chicago IL University of Chicago Press

Mendez J B (2005) From the revolution to the maquiladoras Gender labor and globalization in Nicaragua Durham NC Duke University Press

Miller A D (2005 May 23) Israelrsquos lawyer The Washington Post Retrieved from httpwwwwashingtonpostcomwp-dyncontentarticle20050522AR2005052200883html

Miller A D (2008) The much too Promised Land Americarsquos elusive search for Arab-Israeli peace New York Bantam Books

Miller J P (1956) Errand into the wilderness Cambridge MA Belknap PressMisgav U (2014 May 30) Not neo-Nazis Judeo-Nazis Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcom

opinionpremium-1596157Molad (nd) Homepage Retrieved from httpwwwmoladorgenaboutmoladMoore B (1966) The social origins of dictatorship and democracy Boston MA Beacon PressMoreh D (Director) (2012) The gatekeepers [Motion picture] Israel CinephilMorocco King on holiday as people consider revolt (2011 January 30) Afrol News Retrieved from

httpafrolcomarticles37175Morris B (1986) Operation Dani and the Palestinian exodus form Lydda and Ramle in 1948 The Middle

East Journal 40(1) 82ndash109Morris B (1999) Righteous victims New York KnopfMorris B (2004) The birth of the Palestinian refugee problem revisited (2nd ed) Cambridge UK

Cambridge University PressMorris B (2004 January 4) Survival of the fittest Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcom

survival-of-the-fittest-161345Moynihan D P (1970) Maximum feasible misunderstanding Community action in the war on poverty

(2nd ed) New York Free PressMozgovaya N (2011 March 23) Barak Israel facing regional lsquoearthquakersquo and diplomatic lsquotsunamirsquo

Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomnewsdiplomacy-defensebarak-israel-facing-regional-earthquake-and-diplomatic-tsunami-1351285

Myrdal G (1944) An American dilemma New York Harper amp BrothersNarsquoaman O (2012 November 13) The checkpoint Boston Review Retrieved from

httpwwwbostonreviewnetworldcheckpoint-oded-naamanNabulsi K (2006 May 15) From generation to generation The electronic intifada Retrieved from

httpelectronicintifadanetcontentgeneration-generation5966Naimark N (1997) The Russians in Germany A history of the Soviet zone of occupation 1945ndash1949

Cambridge MA Harvard University PressNaor M (2002) Zionism The first 120 years Jerusalem Israel Jewish Agency for Israel Zionist LibraryNetanyahu B (2013) Netanyahursquos speech at Bar-Ilan [Speech] Retrieved October 7 2013 from

httpwwwtimesofisraelcomfull-text-of-netanyahus-speech-at-bar-ilanNew clashes in occupied Western Sahara (2011 February 27) Afrol News Retrieved from

httpafrolcomarticles37450Niewyk D L (2000) The Columbia guide to the Holocaust New York Columbia University PressNimni E (Ed) (2003) The challenge of post-Zionism Alternatives to Israeli fundamentalist politics

London UK Zed Books

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Nyhan B (2014 July 6) When beliefs and facts collide The New York Times Retrieved from httpwwwnytimescom20140706upshotwhen-beliefs-and-facts-collidehtml_r=0ampabt= 0002ampabg=1

Omar-Man M (2014 May 28) Jerusalem by the numbers Poverty segregation and discrimination +972 Retrieved from http972magcomjerusalem-by-the-numbers-poverty-segregation-and-discrimination91425

Omi M amp Winant H (1994) Racial formation in the United States New York RoutledgeAn open letter to LGBTIQ communities and allies on the Israeli Occupation of Palestine (2012 January

24) Retrieved from httpwwwqueersolidaritywithpalestinecomThe International Court of Justice (2004 July 9) Legal consequences of the construction of a wall in the

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The One State declaration (2007 November 29) The electronic intifada Retrieved from httpelectronicintifadanetcontentone-state-declaration793

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Palestine seeking FIFA sanctions against Israel (2014 May 14) Israel Hayom Retrieved from httpwwwisraelhayomcomsitenewsletter_articlephpid=17491

Palestinian Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel (2011) Israelrsquos anti-BDS law Proving the effectiveness of the boycott Retrieved from httpwwwpacbiorgetemplatephpid=1677

Palestinian Campaign for the Academic amp Cultural Boycott of Israel (nd) Key documents Retrieved from httppacbiorgeinsidephpid=69

Palestinian Fair Trade Association (nd) Homepage Retrieved from httpwwwpalestinefairtradeorgPalestinian National Council (1974) Palestine liberation organization Ten point plan Retrieved from

httpwwwjewishvirtuallibraryorgjsourceTerrorismPNCProgram1974htmlPalumbo M (1987) The Palestinian catastrophe The 1948 expulsion of a people from their homeland

London UK Faber and FaberPappe I (2006) The ethnic cleansing of Palestine Oxford UK One World PressPappe I (2012 March) Keynote Speech presented at Harvard One State Conference Harvard

University Cambridge MA Retrieved from httpelectronicintifadanetblogsali-abunimahaudio-ali-abunimah-and-ilan-pappe-keynote-speeches-harvard-one-state-conference

Pappe I (2014 July 13) Israelrsquos incremental genocide in the Gaza ghetto Electronic intifada Retrieved from httpelectronicintifadanetcontentisraels-incremental-genocide-gaza-ghetto13562

Pappe I (2015 forthcoming) The biggest prison on earth A history of the occupied territories London UK One World Publications

The Parents Circle-Families Forum (2014) In Wikipedia Retrieved from httpenwikipediaorgwikiThe_Parents_Circle-Families_Forum

Peled M (2013) The generalrsquos son Charlottesville Just World BooksPeled Y amp Rouhana N (2007) Traditional justice and the right of return of the Palestinian refugees In

E Benvenisti C Gans amp S Hanafi (Eds) Israel and the Palestinian refugees (pp 141ndash157) New York Springer

Peled-Elhanan N (2007 January 29) Let our children live Counterpunch Retrieved from httpwwwcounterpunchorg20070129let-our-children-live

Peled-Elhanan N (2012) Palestine in Israeli school books Ideology and propaganda in education London UK Tauris Academic Studies

Peretz D (1958) Israel and the Palestine Arabs Washington DC The Middle East InstitutePfeffer A amp Stern Y (2007 December 29) High Court delays ruling on JNF land sales to non-Jews

Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomnewshigh-court-delays-ruling-on-jnf-land-sales-to-non-jews-1229946

Pike S W McAdam A amp Barbrow B (2011) Christmas break in Palestine [Video file] Retrieved from httpsvimeocom13478028

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Pinkas A (2013 September 6) Israel backs limited strike against Syria The New York Times p A1Piterberg G (2013) Eurozionism and its discontents New Left Review 84 43ndash65Piven F F amp Cloward R (1993) Regulating the poor The functions of public welfare New York

Vintage BooksPohl D (2003) Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 1933ndash1945 Wissenschaftliche

BuchgesellschaftPollitt K (1999) Whose culture In S Muller Okin (Ed) Is multiculturalism bad for women (pp 27)

Princeton NJ Princeton University PressPolya G (2013 December 8) Honor Anti-Apartheid Hero Nelson Mandelarsquos Words ldquoOur freedom

is incomplete without the freedom of the Palestiniansrdquo Countercurrents Retrieved from httpwwwcountercurrentsorgpolya081213htm

Preminger O (Director) (1960) Exodus [Motion picture] US Carlyle ProductionsPrince S (nd) The Rashomon effect The criterion collection Retrieved from httpwwwcriterioncom

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Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomnewsdiplomacy-defensepremium-1581784Ravid B (2014 April 19) US Intelligence objects to visa waiver for Israelis Harsquoaretz Retrieved from

httpwwwhaaretzcomnewsdiplomacy-defense1586303Ravid B (2014 May 13) Britain grants Livni temporary immunity from arrest warrants during visit

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CA University of California PressRejwan N (2004) The last Jews in Baghdad Austin TX University of Texas PressRemnick D (2014 November 17) The one state reality The New Yorker Retrieved from

httpwwwnewyorkercommagazine20141117one-state-realityRichter F (2011 February 14) Protester killed in Bahrain lsquoDay of Ragersquo ndash Witnesses Reuters Retrieved

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business interests in the settlementsrsquo or face possible criminal liability gets watered down Mondoweiss Retrieved from httpmondoweissnet201403resolution-companies-settlementshtml

Rogan E L amp Shlaim A (Eds) (2001) The war for Palestine Rewriting the history of 1948 Cambridge MA Cambridge University Press

Rose T (1994) Black noise Rap music and black culture in contemporary America Middletown CT Wesleyan

Roseman M (2002) The Wannsee conference and the lsquoFinal solutionrsquo New York Metropolitan BooksRosen B (2012) Wrestling in the daylight A rabbirsquos path to Palestinian solidarity New York Just

World BooksRothschild A (2010 January 5) Beautiful resistance in Bethlehemrsquos Aida refugee camp Mondoweiss

Retrieved from httpmondoweissnet201001beautiful-resistance-in-bethlehems-aida-refugee-camp

Rothschild N (2008 November 19) Waltz with Bashir Post-Zionist stress disorder Spiked Retrieved from httpwwwspiked-onlinecomnewsitearticle5944VAHhREikWdM

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Rothman M (2014 March 13) How can you tell that Israeli refuseniks are scaring the system +972 Retrieved from http972magcomhow-can-you-tell-that-israeli-refuseniks-are-scaring-the-system88360

Roy S (2004) Living with the Holocaust The journey of a child of Holocaust survivors In A Schatz (Ed) Prophets Outcast A century of dissident Jewish writing about zionism and Israel (pp 344ndash353) New York The Nation Books

Rubinger D (Photographer) (2008) Israel through my lens Sixty years as a photojournalist [Book cover] London UK Abbeville Press

Rudoren J (2013 August 4) In a West Bank culture of conflict boys wield the weapon at hand The New York Times Retrieved from httpwwwnytimescom20130805worldmiddleeastrocks-in-hand-a-boy-fights-for-his-west-bank-villagehtml_r=0

Rudoren J (2014 March 18) A divide among Palestinians on a two-state solution The New York Times Retrieved from httpwwwnytimescom20140319worldmiddleeasta-divide-among-palestinians-on-a-two-state-solutionhtml_r=0

Rudoren J (2014 March 20) Israel Settlement plans renew Palestinian outrage The New York Times Retrieved from httpwwwnytimescom20140321worldmiddleeastisrael-settlement-plans-renew-palestinian-outragehtml_r=0

Rudoren J (2014 October 17) In exodus from Israel to Berlin young nationrsquos fissures show The New York Times Retrieved from httpwwwnytimescom20141017worldmiddleeastin-exodus-from-israel-to-berlin-young-nations-fissures-showhtml

Ruebner J (2013) Shattered hopes Obamarsquos failure to broker Israeli-Palestinian peace London UK Verso Book

Rummel R J (1992) Democide Nazi genocide and mass murder New York Transaction BooksRussell Tribunal on Palestine (nd) About Retrieved from httpwwwrusselltribunalonpalestinecom

enabout-rtopRyan C (1999) Prime time activism Boston MA South End PressSadeh S (2014 August 12) How Israelrsquos arms manufacturers won the Gaza war Harsquoaretz Retrieved

from httpwwwhaaretzcombusinesspremium-1610032Said E (1979) Orientalism New York Vintage BooksSaid E (1999 January 10) The one state solution The New York Times Retrieved from

httpwwwnytimescom19990110magazinethe-one-state-solutionhtmlSaid E (2000) Invention memory place Critical Inquiry 26(2)175ndash192Said E (2000) Out of place A memoir New York VintageSaid E (2004) From Oslo to Iraq and the road map New York PantheonSaid-Foqahaa N (2012) The waiting room Private communication with the authorSalamanca O J (2014 February 28) Hooked on electricity The charged political economy of

electrification in the Palestinian West Bank New Directions in Palestinian Studies Symposium Reading presented at Brown University Providence RI

Salameh F (2006 Spring) Vous ecirctes Arabe puisque je vous le dis [Yoursquore an Arab if I say so] Middle Eastern Review of International Affairs

Samuel V H (1946) Grooves of change New York Bobbs MerrillSand S (2009) The invention of the Jewish people New York VersoSantayana G (1905) Reason in common sense The life of reason New York City Dover PublicationsSarid Y (2014 November 21) Adelson Netanyahu and our kingdom of priests and holiness Harsquoaretz

Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomopinionpremium-1627582Sasson S (1999) Culture beyond gender In S Muller Okin (Ed) Is multiculturalism bad for women

(pp 76) Princeton NJ Princeton University PressSaxe L Kadushin C Hecht S Rosen M I amp Phillips B Waltham M A The Cohen Center for

Modern Jewish Studies Brandeis UniversitySaxe L Shain M Wright G Hecht S Fishman S amp Sasson T (2012) Jewish futures project The

impact of Taglit-Birthright Israel 2012 Update Retrieved from httpwwwbrandeiseducmjspdfsjewish20futuresJFP2012Reportpdf

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Schatz A (Ed) (2004) Prophets outcast A century of dissident Jewish writing about Zionism and Israel New York The Nation Books

Schneider D (1984) A critique of the study of kinship Ann Arbor MI University of Michigan PressSchocken Roni (2013 August 27) Jewish and then democratic Harsquoaretz Retrieved from

httpwwwhaaretzcomopinionpremium-1543070Scholch A (1993) Palestine in transformation 1856ndash1882 Studies in social economic and political

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httpwwwmaannewsnetengViewDetailsaspxID=723865Schulenberg E (2012 January 24) Israel arrests Hamas lawmakers in Jerusalem The Jewish Press

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Schulman S (2011 November 22) Israel and lsquopinkwashingrsquo The New York Times Retrieved from httpwwwnytimescom20111123opinionpinkwashing-and-israels-use-of-gays-as-a-messaging-toolhtml_r=1

Schulze K (2009) The Jews of Lebanon Between coexistence and conflict (2nd ed) Sussext UK Sussex Academic Press Cited in Beirutrsquos hidden Jewish community (2011 November 15) Deutsche Welle Retrieved from httpwwwdwdebeiruts-hidden-jewish-communitya-6654644

Schur E (1972) Labeling deviant behavior Its social implications New York Joanna Cottler BooksSegev T (1998) 1949 The first Israelis New York Henry HoltSegev T (1999) One Palestine complete New York Metropolitan BooksSegev T (2001) Elvis in Jerusalem New York Henry Holt and CompanySelod S (2014) Citizenship denied The racialization of Muslim American men and

women post-911 Critical sociology Retrieved from httpcrssagepubcomcontentearly201403310896920513516022

Selod S amp Embrick D G (2013) Racialization and Muslims Situating the Muslim experience in race scholarship Sociology Compass 644ndash655

Seyid S O (2011 March 9) Mauritania police crush protest ndash Doctors announce strike Radio Netherlands Retrieved from httpwwwrnwnlafricaarticlemauritania-police-crush-protest-doctors-announce-strike

Shabi R (2009 April 3) Israeli exports hit by European boycotts after attacks on Gaza The Guardian Retrieved from httpwwwtheguardiancomworld2009apr03israel-gaza-attacks-boycotts-food-industry

Shahian A E A (2000 May 30) Quotes Retrieved from httpwwwwildolivecoukquoteshtmShakespeare W (2002) The merchant of Venice Washington DC Folger Shakespeare LibraryShamir R (2013) Current flow The electrification of Palestine Stanford CA Stanford University PressShamir Y (Director) (2009) Defamation [Motion picture] Israel First Run FeaturesShams A (2014 February 11) Camp on the front line of struggle against occupation Marsquoan News

Agency Retrieved from httpwwwmaannewsnetengViewDetailsaspxID=672795Shapira A (1999) Land and power The Zionist resort to force 1881ndash1948 Stanford CA Stanford

University PressShapiro T amp Oliver M (1995) Black wealth White wealth A new perspective on racial inequality

London UK RoutledgeSharp J (2008 January 2) US foreign aid to Israel Congressional research service report to Congress

Retrieved from httpassetsopencrscomrptsRL33222_20080102pdfShavit A (2012 August 23) Countdown Former minister Ephraim Sneh fears another Hiroshima

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Shavit A (2013) My promised land The triumph and tragedy of Israel New York Spiegel amp GrauSheizaf N (2012 March 25) One or two states The status quo is Israelrsquos rational choice +972 Retrieved

from http972magcomone-or-two-states-the-status-quo-is-israels-rational-third-choice39169Sheizaf N (2014 May 12) What is the Israeli Rightrsquos one-state vision +972 Retrieved from

http972magcomwhat-is-the-israeli-rights-one-state-vision90755

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Sheizaf N (2014 August 16) Netanyahu is talking to Hamas Itrsquos about time +972 Retrieved from http972magcomnetanyahu-is-talking-to-hamas-its-about-time95570

Shenhav Y (2006) The Arab Jews (English ed) Stanford CA Stanford University PressSherwood H (2012 July 26) Population of Jewish settlements in West Bank up 15000 in a year The

Guardian Retrieved from httpwwwtheguardiancomworld2012jul26jewish-population-west-bank-up

Shlaim A (2001) The iron wall Israel and the Arab world New York NortonShpurer S (2013 July 30) The Israeli bank that opens its doors to everyonemdashexcept Arabs Harsquoaretz

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Siegman H (2014 September 1) A slaughter of innocents Democracy Now Retrieved from httpwwwdemocracynoworg201491a_slaughter_of_innocents_henry_siegman

Siegman H (2014 November 26) Will greater Israel transform into greater Palestine Huffington Post Retrieved from httpsmailgooglecommailu0inbox149f6743fe824ba0

Skop Y (2014 April 24) 50000 Holocaust survivors in Israel live in poverty Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomnewsnationalpremium-1586970

Slyomovic S (2007) The rape of Qula a destroyed Palestinian village In A Sarsquodi amp L Abu-Lughod (Eds) (2007) Nakba Palestine 1948 and the claims of memory New York Columbia University Press

Smith A D (1998) Fires in the mirror New York Dramatists Play Service IncSmith C (2013) Palestine and the Arab-Israeli conflict A history with documents (8th ed) New York

St Martinrsquos PressSnyder T (2010) Bloodlands New York Basic BooksSommer A K (2013 July 26) Symbol of struggle against Haredi coercion bids farewell to Beit Shemesh

Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomblogsroutine-emergenciespremium-1538039Spangler E (1981) Small winnings Blue collar students in college and at work In M Lewis (Ed)

Research in social problems and public policy (Vol I pp 15ndash41) Greenwich CT JAI PressSpangler E (1986) Lawyers for hire Salaried professionals at work New Haven CT Yale University

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the point of production The social analysis of occupational and environmental health (pp 167ndash178) New York Baywood Publishing (Reprinted from New Solutions 3(1) 23ndash30 1992)

Spangler E (2010 June 14) Attacking humanitarian aid Counterpunch Retrieved from httpwwwcounterpunchorg20100614attacking-humanitarian-aid

Spangler E (2011 October 11) The ldquogenerousrdquo offer Counterpunch Retrieved from httpwwwcounterpunchorg20111011the-story-of-the-generous-offer

Spangler E (2012) No exit The shadow of the Nakba in Palestinian film In J Michalczyk amp R Helmick (Eds) Through a lens darkly Films of genocide Ethnic cleansing and atrocities (pp 205ndash216) New York Peter Lang

Spangler E (2013) Book review Womenrsquos NGOs in Pakistan by Afshan Jafar and transnationalism reversed Women organizing against gendered violence in Bangladesh by Elora Halim Chowdhury Gender and Society 27(3) 435ndash438

Spangler E Levenstein C Fuzesi Z amp Tishtian L (1993) Occupational medicine and the state Lessons from Hungary New Solutions 4(1) 52ndash57

Squires G D (1994) Capital and communities in black and white The Intersections of race class and uneven development New York State University of New York (SUNY) Press

Stamatopoulos-Robbins S (2014 February 28) Infrastructure and materiality in Palestine studies New Directions in Palestinian Studies Symposium Reading presented at Brown University Providence RI

Statistics on college enrollment Rretrieved from httpstatsuisunescoorgunescoTableViewertableViewaspxReportId=168

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Stenger C (2008 December 30) What victimology does not account for The Guardian Retrieved from httpwwwtheguardiancomcommentisfree2008dec30gaza-hamas-palestinians-israel

Stenger C (2012) Israel missed its chancemdashagain The Daily Beast Retrieved from httpwwwamericantaskforceorgdaily_news_article20121127israel_missed_its_ chanceE28094again

Stern Y (2007 March 28) Study Arabs may be poorer but Jews get more welfare funds Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomnewsstudy-arabs-may-be-poorer-but-jews-get-more-welfare-funds-1216881

Stern Y Z amp Ruderman J (2014 March 3) Op-ed Why lsquoIsraelirsquo is not a nationality Jewish telegraphic agency Retrieved from httpwwwjtaorg20140303news-opinionisrael-middle-eastop-ed-why-israeli-is-not-a-nationality

Stewart C (2012 October 23) The new Israeli apartheid Poll reveals widespread Jewish support for policy of discrimination against Arab Minority The independent Retrieved from httpwwwindependentcouknewsworldmiddle-eastthe-new-israeli-apartheid-poll-reveals-widespread-jewish-support-for-policy-of-discrimination-against-arab-minority-8223548html

Stiglitz J (2014 March 16) On the wrong side of globalization The New York Times Retrieved from httpopinionatorblogsnytimescom20140315on-the-wrong-side-of-globalization_php=trueamp_type=blogsamp_r=0

Sudan police clash with protestors (2011 January 30) Al Jazeera Retrieved from httpwwwaljazeeracom newsafrica2011012011130131451294670html

Suez crisis (2003) In I McLean amp A McMillan (Eds) The concise Oxford dictionary of politics Oxford UK Oxford University Press

Supreme Court Petition HC 920504 Adalah v The Israel Lands Administration the Minister of Finance and the Jewish National Fund and HC 901004 The Arab Center for Alternative Planning et al v The Israel Lands Administration et al Retrieved from httpwwwadalahorgencontentview6558

Supreme Court thrusts Israel down the slope of Apartheid (2012 January 13) Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomprint-editionopinionsupreme-court-thrusts-israel-down-the-slope-of-apartheid-1407056

Suu Kyi A S (nd) Freedom from fear Quotes about human rights Retrieved from httpwwwgoodreadscomquotestaghuman-rights

Tamimi B (2014 February 17) NABI SALEH NIGHT RAID 18 2 2014 [Video file] Retrieved from httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=gNXgZdMta-k

TaxesDecades of tax breaks for the settler population (2003 September 25) Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomprint-editionbusinesstaxes-decades-of-tax-breaks-for-the-settler-population-1101212

Taylor M (2013 December 8) Israel apologists attempted to discredit Mandela with false Israel apartheid quote Mondoweiss Retrieved from httpmondoweissnet201312apologists-discredit-apartheidhtml

Tessler M (1994) The history of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict Bloomington IN Indiana University Press

Text The Beirut Declaration (2002 March 28) BBC News Retrieved from httpnewsbbccouk2hiworldmonitoringmedia_reports1899395stm

The White House (1961 July 25) The Berlin crisis Radio and television address to the American people [Radio program] Washington DC Retrieved from httpwwwjfklibraryorgAsset-ViewerArchivesJFKWHA-045aspx

Thousands protest in Jordan (2011 January 28) Al Jazeera Retrieved from httpwwwaljazeeracomnewsmiddleeast2011012011128125157509196html

Thucydides (1960) The Athenian representative to Melos In R W Livingstone amp R Crawley (Eds) The history of the Peloponnessian war New York Oxford University Press

Tilley V (2010) The one-state solution A breakthrough for peace in the Israeli-Palestinian deadlock Ann Arbor MI University of Michigan Press

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Tolts M (2009) Post-Soviet Aliyah and Jewish demographic transformation 15th world congress of jewish studies jerusalem Paper presented in Jerusalem Israel Retrieved from httpbjpaorgPublicationsdownloadPublicationcfmPublicationID=11924

Tom Segev (2000) The seventh million Israelis and the Holocaust New York Picador PressTraubmann T (2007 March 21) Shimon Tzabar 81 dies in London Harsquoaretz Retrieved from

httpwwwhaaretzcomprint-editionnewsshimon-tzabar-81-dies-in-london-1216138Tsurkov E (2014 May 8) Israel hasnrsquot recognized one Sudanese refugee +972 Retrieved from

http972magcomisrael-hasnt-recognized-one-sudanese-refugee90633Turkey to send another Freedom Flotilla to Gaza (2014 July 26) Middle east monitor Retrieved from

httpswwwmiddleeastmonitorcomnewseurope13059-turkey-to-send-another-freedom-flotilla-to-gaza

Turkish Prime Minister Erdogan has pledged a Turkish naval escort to the Gaza Flotilla (nd) Al Jazeera Retrieved from httpwwwaljazeeracomtrhabererdogan-savas-gemileri-koruyacak

Tutu Foundation Retrieved from httpwwwtutufoundation-usaorgexhibitionsUK government to block arms export to Israel if military action resumes (2014 August 12) The

Guardian Retrieved from httpwwwtheguardiancompolitics2014aug12british-arms-exports-israel-gaza-block-suspensionCMP=EMCNEWEML6619I2

UNESCO cuts funding for Palestinian youth magazine over Hitler Praise (2011 December 23) The telegraph Retrieved from httpwwwtelegraphcouknewsworldnewsmiddleeastpalestinianauthority8975423Unesco-cuts-funding-for-Palestinian-youth-magazine-over-Hitler-praisehtml

United Nations Country Team (2012) Gaza in 2020 A livable place Palestinian Territory United Nations relief and works agency for Palestine refugees Retrieved from httpwwwunrwaorgnewsroompress-releasesgaza-2020-liveable-place

United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (nd) UISStatUnited Nations General Assembly (2012 November 29) General Assembly votes overwhelmingly

to accord Palestine lsquoNon-Member Observer Statersquo status in United Nations Retrieved from httpwwwunorgNewsPressdocs2012ga11317dochtml

United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181 November 29 1947 Retrieved from httpwwwyaleedulawwebavalonunres181html

United Nations General Assembly (1973) Convention on the suppression and punishment of the crime of apartheid Retrieved from httplegalunorgavlhacspcacspcahtml

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (2013) Fragmented lives Humanitarian overview Retrieved from httpwwwochaoptorgdocumentsocha_opt_annual_review_2014pdf

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (2014) Humanitarian bulletin monthly report (June ndash August 2014) Retrieved from httpwwwochaoptorgdocumentsocha_opt_the_humanitarian_monitor_2014_10_03_englishpdf

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (2014) Occupied Palestinian territories Bedouin communities in area C at risk of forcible transfer Retrieved from httpreliefwebintmapoccupied-palestinian-territoryoccupied-palestinian-territory-bedouin-communites-area-c-risk

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (2014) Occupied Palestinian territories West Bank access restrictions Retrieved from httpwwwochaoptorgdocumentsocha_opt_west_bank_access_restrictions_dec_2012_geopdf_mobilepdf

United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (1948) The universal declaration of human rights Retrieved from httpwwwohchrorgENUDHRPagesIntroductionaspx

United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (1965) International convention on the elimination of all forms of racial discrimination Retrieved from httpwwwohchrorgENProfessionalInterestPagesCERDaspx

United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (nd) Homepage Retrieved from httpwwwunrwaorgetemplatephpid=253

United Nations Security Council Resolution 242 November 22 1967 Retrieved from httpunispalunorgunispalnsf07D35E1F729DF491C85256EE700686136

REFERENCES

277

United States Department of State (2013 July 26) US relations with Liberia Retrieved from httpwwwstategovrpaeibgn6618htm

Uris L (1958) Exodus New York DoubledayUrquhart C (2006 April 15) Gaza on the brink of implosion as aid cut-off starts to bite The observer

Retrieved from httpwwwtheguardiancomworld2006apr16israelUS general Israel-Palestinian conflict foments anti-US sentiment (2010 March 17) Harsquoaretz

Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomnewsu-s-general-israel-palestinian-conflict-foments-anti-u-s-sentiment-1264910

US loses UNESCO voting rights after stopping funds over Palestine decision (2013 November 8) The Guardian Retrieved from httpwwwtheguardiancomworld2013nov08us-unesco-voting-funds-palestine-decision

Vaidya S K (2011 February 27) One dead dozen injured as Oman protest turns ugly Gulf News Retrieved from httpgulfnewscomnewsgulfomanone-dead-dozen-injured-as-oman-protest-turns-ugly-1768789

Visualizing Occupation (nd) Distribution of water +972 Retrieved from http972magcomvisualizing-occupation-distribution-of-water49925

Visualizing Palestine (nd) Not enough water in the West Bank Retrieved from httpvisualizingpalestineorgvisualswest-bank-water

Wade R (2014 October 24) Organised hypocrisy on a monumental scale London review of books Retrieved from httpwwwlrbcouk20141024robert-wadeorganised-hypocrisy-on-a-monumental-scale

Waging peace Boston conference on one-state settlement draws large crowd (2009 November) Washington report on Middle East Affairs Retrieved from httpwwwwrmeaorg2009-julywaging-peace-7C-boston-conference-on-one-state-settlement-draws-large-crowdhtml

Weber M (1946a) Class status and party In H Gerth amp C W Mills (Eds) From Max Weber Essays in sociology (pp 180ndash195) New York Oxford University Press

Weber M (1946b) Politics as a vocation In H Gerth amp C W Mills (Eds) From Max Weber Essays in sociology (pp 77ndash129) New York Oxford University Press

Weber M (1946c) Science as a vocation In H Gerth amp C W Mills (Eds) From Max Weber Essays in sociology (pp 129ndash159) New York Oxford University Press

Weber M (1946d) The social psychology of the world religions In H Gerth amp C W Mills (Eds) From Max Weber Essays in sociology (pp 267ndash301) New York Oxford University Press

We Killed Jesus Wersquore Proud of it Retrieved from httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=M539PgDjbasWeiss P (2014 March 3) Poll If two states collapse American overwhelmingly favor lsquodemocracyrsquo

Mondoweiss Retrieved from httpmondoweissnet201403collapse-americans-democracyhtmlWeiss P (2014 March 17) Israeli high school student leader calls youthsrsquo refuse to serve lsquodeclaration of

warrsquo Mondoweiss Retrieved from httpmondoweissnet201403student-refusal-declarationhtmlWeiss P (2014 April 5) No thanks for Zionist lsquochaperonesrsquo ndash Wesleyan declares itself an Open Hillel

Mondoweiss Retrieved from httpmondoweissnet201404chaperones-wesleyan-declareshtmlWesley D A (2009) State practices and Zionist images Shaping economic development in Arab towns

in Israel Oxford UK Berghahn BooksWhite B (2012) Palestinians in Israel Segregation discrimination and democracy London Pluto

BooksWhite B (2012 January 12) Israelrsquos High Court upholds racist lsquoCitizenship Lawrsquo to avoid lsquonational

suicidersquo The electronic intifada Retrieved from httpelectronicintifadanetblogsben-whiteisraels-high-court-upholds-racist-citizenship-law-avoid-national-suicide

White B (2014 January 10) Did Israeli apartheid wall really stop suicide bombings The electronic intifada Retrieved from httpelectronicintifadanetblogsben-whitedid-israeli-apartheid-wall-really-stop-suicide-bombings

Whitelam K (1996) The invention of ancient Israel The silencing of Palestinian history New York Routledge

Who Profits (nd) Homepage Retrieved from httpwwwwhoprofitsorgWicomb Z (2000) You canrsquot get lost in Capetown New York City University of New York Feminist

Press

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278

Wildeman J amp Marshall S (2014 May 21) By mis-diagnosing Israel-Palestine donor aid harms Palestinians Open Democracy retrieved from httpswwwopendemocracynetarab-awakeningjeremy-wildeman-sandy-marshallby-misdiagnosing-israelpalestine-donor-aid-harms-pales

Wilkins B (2014 March 10) Desmond Tutu urges boycott of lsquoApartheidrsquo Israel Digital Journal Retrieved from httpdigitaljournalcomnewsworlddesmond-tutu-urges-boycott-of-apartheid-israelarticle375545

Wilson S (2006 March 22) Russian Bloc in Israel looks to a strongman The Washington Post Retrieved from httpwwwwashingtonpostcomwp-dyncontentarticle20060321AR2006032101721html

Winstanley A (2013 August 11) lsquoThe old will die and the young will forgetrsquo-Did Ben-Gurion say it The electronic intifada Retrieved from httpelectronicintifadanetblogsasa-winstanleyold-will-die-and-young-will-forget-did-ben-gurion-say-it

Winter E (2014 August 30) Why are Brits who know little about Israel so active against it Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomnewsfeatures

Wolfe A (2014) At home in exile Why diaspora is good for the Jews Boston MA Beacon PressWong E (2014 May 31) China moves to calm restive Xinjiang region The New York Times Retrieved

from httpwwwnytimescom20140531worldasiachinas-leader-lays-out-plan-to-pacify-restive-regionhtml_r=0

Wright A (2013 May 24) Patenting the human genome Medical Press Retrieved from httpmedicalxpresscomnews2013-05-patenting-human-genomehtml

Yapp M E (1987) The making of the modern Near East 1792ndash1923 London UK LongmanYesh Din (nd) Homepage Retrieved from httpyesh-dinorgYesh Grsquovul (nd) Homepage Retrieved from httpwwwyeshgvulorgilenabout-2Yeshua-Lyth O (2014 June 3) Discrimination is legal there are no Israelis Reading the Supreme Courtrsquos

decisions on Israeli nationality Mondoweiss Retrieved from httpmondoweissnet201406dis discrimination-decisions-nationalityhtml

Yoaz Y (2005 January 28) JNF treasury seeks formula for continued Jews-only land sales Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomprint-editionnewsjnf-treasury-seek-formula-for-continued-jews-only-land-sales-1148521

Young C (2014) Black ops Black masculinity and the war on terror The American Quarterly 66(1) 35ndash67

Yousef D (2009 April 30) Palestinersquos Holocaust museum Al Jazeera Retrieved from httpwwwaljazeeracomfocus2009042009429133130101883html

Zangwill I (1937) Speeches articles and letters UK Soncino PressZarchin T Khoury J amp Lis J (2012 January 12) Supreme court upholds ban on Palestinians living

with Israeli spouses Harsquoaretz Retrieved from httpwwwhaaretzcomprint-editionnewssupreme-court-upholds-ban-on-palestinians-living-with-israeli-spouses-1406812

Zemlinskaya Y (2010) Between militarism and pacifism Conscientious objections and draft resistance in Israel Central European Journal of International and Security Studies Retrieved from httpwwwacademiaedu179941Between_Militarism_and_Pacifism_Conscientious_Objection_and_Draft_Resistance_in_Israel

Zerubavel Y (1995) Recovered Roots Collective memory and the making of Israeli national tradition Chicago University of Chicago Press

Zirin D (2014 March 3) After latest incident Israelrsquos future in FIFA is uncertain The Nation Retrieved from httpwwwthenationcomblog178642after-latest-incident-israels-future-fifa-uncertain

Zochrot (nd) Homepage Retrieved from httpzochrotorgen

279

INDEx

AAbalimi Bezekhaya 229n75Abbas Mahmoud 151Abdel Jawad Saleh xv xvi 15 198 199Abolitionists 240Abou Shehadeh Sami 34Absorption of Discharged Soldiers Law 131Abu Amsha Nader 41Abu Mazen See Abbas MahmoudAbu Rabieh 42Abu Rakeek Mariam 28Abu Sitta Salman 22n24 243Abunimeh Ali 223Achille Lauro hijacking 137Adalah 31 40 91 188 238Addameer 40 238Adelson Sheldon 44Adnanrsquos story 51Afghanistan 61 183Africa 53 79 80 112 See also South

Africa apartheid system inAfrican Americans

assimilation and 75confrontation and 77exit and 79 80parallels to Jewish experience 62 73ndash76reform and 76as superpatriots 62welfare programs and 150

Afsai Shai 225n6Agrexco 240Aida refugee camp 42 192 239AIPAC (American Israeli Public Affairs

Committee) 160 209 243airplanes prejudice on 60Ajami (film) 35Akram Susan 121 238Al Aqsa Intifada See Intifada secondAl Aqsa mosque 71 72 157Al Haq 238Al Qaeda 157Alfei Menashe settlement 157

Algeria 115 124 136 154Alimi Eitan 143aliyah 29 78 153 193Allon Yigal 170n43Aloni Shulamit 189Amer Hani and Monera 39American Colonization Society 79 80American Indians 58 68n44 227n39American Israeli Public Affairs Committee

(AIPAC) 160 209 243American Jews

contradictory views of xvidemocracy and 44Encounter and 238Freedom Summer and 238Israeli nationality and 114lobbyists 116Zionism and 80 89 91 212 215

American Jews for a Just Peace 242Americans for a Vibrant Palestinian

Economy 241Amir Yigal 156Amnesty International 214Anarchists Against the Wall 40 239Anderson Benedict 62 63 70n80ANM (Arab National Movement) 136Annapolis talks of 2007 163anthropology 213 214anti-Arab racism 59ndash62 196 197 See also

racismanti-racist projects and responses 74ndash81

81n6assimilation 74 75 87 101 105n6confrontation 77ndash79exit 79ndash81intermingling of 79reform 75ndash77

anti-Semitismldquoclash of civilizationsrdquo and 220in European history 11 12 73 87international institutions and 217Operation Protective Edge and 61

INDEX

280

renewed 219self-defense framework and 177 178

180Zionism and 7 8 73 87

apartheidBennettrsquos use of term 190 202n66Dugard on 190as framework 188ndash192 199 236Kerryrsquos use of term 44 45 190legal framework development for 242Mansfieldand236237racism and 190in South Africa 12 45 153 186

188ndash193 233 234Appelfeld Aharon 111 112Al Aqaba Jordan 32Arab Association for Human Rights 238Arab Higher Committee 97Arab League 103 122 140 159 163 244Arab League Peace Initiative (2002) 163

182 244Arab National Movement (ANM) 136Arab Quarter of Old City 71 72Arab Revolt of 1936-1939 98 100 137

235Arab Spring 154 166 182 217Arab states opposition to Occupation by

135 136 244ldquoArab streetrdquo 154Arabic language 65Arabization 14Arabs

Christian 58 59humiliation in 1948 117Jewish 59 92 111 112 113Muslim 58roles in American history 5sacred texts in common with Jews 11stereotypes about 5 58

Arafat YasirCamp David Summit and 162

FatahPLO merging and 122 136Letters of Mutual Recognition and 161

162on Mandelarsquos remarks 188as PLO head 136 137 139 140Rabat Declaration and 159

return to Palestine 155Saddam Hussein and 153 159 160two-state solution and 143 144Wye River meeting and 162

Arendt Hannah 7 43 73 211 220Argentina 8 14 80 87 165Ariel settlement 240armed resistance repression of 192Armenia 94Arms Export Control Act 239arms races 179Ashkenazi Jews 78Asimov Isaac 71 212assimilation 74 75 87 101 105n6 211

245n30Aswan Dam project 117asymmetrical warfare 53Ateek Naim 186Aung San Suu Kyi 50Auschwitz concentration camp 61 180 217Austria 243Avineri Shlomo 87Ayalon Ami 149Ayn Hod 28

Bback-to-Africa movement 79 80Bahrain 154Baker James 160Balbus Isaac 150Balfour Declaration 88 89 92 94 95 96

99Balfour Lord 97 196Balkan Republics 64 76Barak Ehud

American-Israeli relations and 227n50on apartheid 44 45 190Camp David and 162Sharon and 157 163ldquovilla in the junglerdquo metaphor 19 25n73

Bardem Javier 165Barenboim Daniel 216Barmki Anton 221Barnea Nahum 151Basel PlanProgram 87 88 196Basic Laws of Israel 113 114 120Battle of Karameh 136

INDEX

281

BDS See boycotts sanctions and divest-ments (BDS) movement

Bedouins 22n24 28 41 42 91 131 243Begin Menachim 102 134 140Beinart Peter 212 238Beisan (Bet Shersquoan) 186Beit-Hallahmi Benjamin 208Beit Shemesh Israel 32Belgium 64 65Ben Gurion David

on aggression and self-defense 178 181creating a national framework and 110

111ethnic cleansing and 194The Land of Israel Past and Present 14partitioning and 99 102ldquounused landrdquo and 110 119Zionist contradictions and 195 196

Ben-Shemen Agricultural School 112Ben Zvi Yitzhak 14 196Bennet Naftali 60 190 202n66Bentham Jeremy 239Berger Peter 70n76Bethlehem West Bank

Aida refugee camp in 42 192 239breakfast in 45Combatants for Peace meeting in 231al Walajeh 30West Bank division and 161YMCA in 41

bi-national state solution 44 115 116 211bilateral challenges 179 180 182Bilirsquoin (village) 40 157 183 239 241biological metaphors 56ndash58 See also raceBirthright 92 193Birzeit University 41Birzeit West Bank 40Black capitalism 77Black Muslims 77Black Noise (Rose) 82n19black rap and hip hop 77 78 82n19black separatism 77Black September 137blacks See African AmericansBlackstone William 52blue boxes 89Bolivia 165

Bolsheviks 89 95Born Palestinian Born Black (Hammad) 56Borochov Ber 14boycotts sanctions and divestments (BDS)

movementbilateral tensions and 180 182as economic tool for change 165

239ndash241as educational tool for change 165endorsement by Israeli professors 218global challenges and 181as non-violent resistance 183in South Africa 192as threat to business 217two-state solution and 166in US and Europe 243

Brandeis Louis 89Brazil 59 165ldquobreak their bonesrdquo policy 150 156Breaking the Silence 36 57 242BRIC nations 59British Empire 13 16 64 80 88 89

94ndash96 See also Great BritainBritish Mandatory Palestine

Balfour Declaration and (See Balfour Declaration)

defined127n82division of 101Israelrsquos allotment of land in 104Jordan and 20period of rule 13 20Six Day War and 124 182 197

British Peel Plan See Peel Commission Report

Bronstein Eitan 43Bruce Lenny 216Bruno Kreisky Institute 243BrsquoTselem

fatality statistics of 55 184 201n28reporting on human rights violations

40 120settlement statistics of 134settler talking points and 29 30Zionism and 214

Buber Martin 7 43 73 211Budrus demonstrations in 183 239Bulgaria 64

INDEX

282

Burg Avraham 46 181 215bus segregation 40 47n40Bush George H W 61 160Bush George W 157 158 166Buttu Diana 216

CCamp David Accords (1978) 140 141 159Camp David Summit (2000) 162Canaanites 13 14Canada 64 65Canada Park 90Carter Jimmy 140 189Catalan nationality 125n24Caterpillar sanctions against 240Central Committee of the Palestinian resist-

ance 137Central Conference of American Rabbis 61Chavez Caesar 5 240checkpoints

emergencies and delays at 179ldquoflyingrdquo188harassment at 36as impediments 191 197 198 199Qalandiya 149 235 236soldiers at 36 57 149

childrenrsquos services Palestinian 41Chile 165China 59 117 118 124 160Christians

anti-Semitism in Europe by 11 12 87Arab 58 59Holy Land of 8 52Jewish relations with in pre-modern era

11 12 23n37in Lebanon 138national identities in Middle East 65Palestinian 8 9 33 97 183 218population transfers 64Zionist 12 208 225n7

churches and BDS 240Churchill Winston 98 99 114circus camp 42civil rights and one-state solution 44 166

167 243civil rights movement American 62 74 75

76 77 222

Civil War American 5Cizling Aharon 185 201n31ldquoclash of civilizationsrdquo 220Clinton Bill 157 162 163Clinton Parameters 162 163co-existence policy 34Cohen Mark 11 12 23n37Cold War

American self-interests in Palestine during 16

end of 61 65human rights and 51Israeli-American alliance in 139non-aligned nations in 117otherness and 78Palestinians and 122Soviet bloc 114 115 117Western bloc 114 115 117world divided by 152

collaborators 32 33 34 55 141collective actors or parties 12 23n38colonialism 53 56 61colonization Zionism as 178Combatants for Peace 231 232 239Communism 114 117 118 124 188complexity as challenge to understanding

5 6confrontation 77ndash79Constantinian vs prophetic Judaism 2

27n45containment 33ndash39contract partnerships and BDS 240Convention on the Elimination of Racial

Discrimination 190Convention on the Prevention and

Punishment of Genocide 187Convention on the Suppression and

Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid 190

Copernicus 49Cox Archibald 138Coyne Jeremy 207Cruz Penelope 165Cunningham Alan 102curfews 56 157 199Custodian of Absentee Property 119 150

234

INDEX

283

Czech Republic 64Czechoslovakia 134

DDachau concentration camp 185DAM 41Darwish Museum 40Dawkins Richard 207Dayan Moshe 178 181de-Arabization of Palestine 100 102 117De Niro Robert 165Declaration of Principles 161 162decolonization era 53 72 76 104 114ndash118Defamation (Shamir) 181defensive war narrative 123Deir Yassin massacre 102democracy 44 45 182 183Democratic Front for the Liberation of

Palestine (DFLP) 136demolition of homes and villages

on Daoud Nasserrsquos land 33green-washing 35in Jaffa 34 35Lajun (village) 90Maghrebi neighborhood 133Mahmoudrsquos house 31in Sheikh Jerrah neighborhood 38 39three-family story 194 195Wadi al Narsquoam (village) 42

Denmark 64Derrida Jacques 216Desert Daughter 41Deutsch Karl 62DFLP (Democratic Front for the Liberation

of Palestine) 136Dheisheh refugee camp 42Diaspora Jewish 13 89 91 215 216Diaspora Palestinian 104 239 241Dimona reactor 115 123dining hall incident 59 60Disengagement Plan 158Djibouti 154Dome of the Rock mosque 157domestic challenges 180Druze 131Dugard John 189 190Dylan Bob 216

EEast Jerusalem

annexation of by Israel 54 133 152 161 225n14

destruction of Maghrebi neighborhood 132 133

Israeli control of 139 150Palestinian residents in 130two-state solution and 159

Eban Abba 16 133 164Economic Efficiency Law of 2009 131economic tools for change 239ndash241Ecuador 165educational tools for change 165 237 238Efrati Eran 242Egypt

Arab Jews in 112 113Arab Spring in 154army invasion of Israel 103aspirations of 179brief control of Palestine (1834) 97control of Gaza 8 9 104 117 118in decolonization era 116 117 118Israeli invasion over Suez canal 118

182peace treaty with Israel 140 141refugee camps in 9 10 118 121Russian alliance with 137 138 139Six Day War and 123 124support of Palestinian factions by 136Syriarsquos rivalry with 122war of attrition with Israel 137Yom Kippur War and 138

Einstein Albert 7 43 73 185 211 216El Al airplane hijackings 137El Salvador 165Electronic Intifada 223Ellis Marc 215 227n45emigration from IsraelPalestine 192 193

203n81Encounter 238England See Great BritainEnlightenment rationalism 87 104 221

222 239environmental degradation 179environmental sustainability 43 52environmentalism 42 43

INDEX

284

Epstein Yitzhak 193 194 196Erdogan Recep Tayyip 173n117eruvin 77 78Ethiopia 92ethnic cleansingsociocide

as framework 193ndash199genocide compared to 187 209of Lyda and Ramle 155 156 211 212Zionism as 209ndash212

ethnocentrism 213 214European Union

boycotts from 218 219 243importanceinconflict243244Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Authority and 161Palestinian elections and 166Palestinian human rights and 181

ldquoEurozionism and its Discontentsrdquo (Pitersberg) 61

Eversquos stories 85 86 149 221exit 79ndash81Exodus (Uris) 81n10 208expulsion of Palestinians

during and after Nakba 8 9 102ndash104indigeneity and 15as Israeli strategy 30 31from Lydda and Ramle 155 156Six Day War and 197statistics on 22n23 113use of force for 15 24n54

extremist groups and views 18 25n65

fFacebook posts 32 78 232facts on the ground 133 152 167 197 209Faculty for Israeli-Palestinian Peace xvFalk Richard 21n4Family Circle of the Bereaved 239family unification 31 114 131 191 242Fanon Franz 136Farouk King (of Egypt) 117Fatah 122 136 156 165 166fear 213 232fedayeen 136fictive kinship 68n36film industry 40 41first Intifada See Intifada first

Fisher Max 228n56Five Broken Cameras (film) 41Flag and Emblem Law (1949) 132food shortages 187 188 196Fourth Geneva Convention Article 49 544th Arab League Summit (1967) 19Foxx Jamie 62frameworks 177ndash199

apartheid 188ndash193ethnic cleansingsociocide 193ndash199genocide 185ndash188human rights 6 7 50 (See also human

rights)Israeli self-defense 178ndash184nationalism 50 (See also nation and

nationalism)race 50 (See also race)for understanding Israeli-Palestinian conflict64950

FranceAlgerian revolution against 115 136

219Dimona reactor and 115Egypt invaded by 118head scarves ban in 70n81laicism in 64Lebanon and Syriarsquos independence from

116Six Day War and 124Sykes-Picot Agreement and 94 95 97in Vietnam 219

Frankfurter Felix 89Free Gaza flotilla 168Free Trade Agreement talks 165Freedom from Fear (Aung San Suu Kyi) 50ldquoFreedom Ridesrdquo 40Freedom Summer 238Freud Sigmund 73 216

GGainsbourg Serge 216Galilee 16 28 99 104 131Galileo 49Garroutte Eva 58Garvey Marcus 79gay rights movement 81n9 210 222Gaza

INDEX

285

depicted as a woman 57destruction in 166 186Disengagement Plan and 158efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143Egyptian control of 8 9 104 117 118firstIntifada and 154 155FreeGazaflotillaand168231genocide and 186health clinics in 199Israeli control of 139 150 158Israeli raid on 117Israeli security concerns and 43Israeli use of violence against 153 158

163Jewish settlements in 152military rule established in 132as open-air prison 191Operation Cast Lead in (See Operation

Cast Lead)Operation Pillar of Defense in 153 163

182Operation Protective Edge in (See

Operation Protective Edge)Palestinian population in 9Peel Commission Report and 99refugee camps in 9 24n52 118 142rocketfirefrom55217218two-state solution and 159UN peacekeepers removed from 123

Gaza Community Mental Health Center 239

Gellner Ernest 62 63 70n77Gelvin James 136 142gender stereotypes 58General Strike 98 235The Generalrsquos Son (Miko Peled) xvgenetic research and claims of indigeneity

14 15Geneva Conventions on the Rules of War

50ndash54 132Geneva Initiative 158 163genocide

ethnic cleansing compared to 187 209as framework 185ndash188

Germany 64 88 89 115GI Bill of Rights 58 74 131

Ginsburg Asher 211globalizationdefined221Zionism and 220ndash224

Go Palestine summer camp 239Golan Heights

Israeli control of 150Israeli settlements in 9 22 23n26 134

152Syrian incursions from 123Syriarsquos claim on 9 23n26 152Yom Kippur War and 138ndash140

Goldstein Baruch 36 155Goldstone Report 67n24Gouldner Alvin 49grassroots social movements 6Great Britain See also British Empire Brit-

ish Mandatory PalestineCold War and 115decolonization of Arab countries 116

117Egypt invaded by 118in India 219during pre-state period 94ndash100 111sanctions against Israel and 165Six Day War and 124state church in 64Truman and 115 116War of Independence and 104

Greece 64Green Linedefinitionof89erased from textbooks 59Israelrsquos boundaries and 19 20Israelrsquos growth to 104road network and 54separation barrier and 33through Jerusalem 221

green-washing 35Guess Whorsquos Coming to Dinner (film)

81n10Gulf of Aqaba 140

HHarsquoam Ahad 211Harsquoaretz 129Haddad Heskel 23n37

INDEX

286

Haganah 92 102Halamish settlement 29Hallowell A Irving 227n39Hamas

execution of collaborators 33Fatah rivalry with 165food shortages and 187ndash188Israeli operations against 151Israelrsquos early supporttolerance of 156

183Palestinian 2006 elections and 163 166

198Palestinian statements in charter 18 60second Intifada and 158

Hammad Suheir 41 56Hammerman Ilana 242Hamoked 238Hapsburg empire 64 76Haram-al-Sharif 71 72 157Harlem Renaissance 74Haysbert Dennis 62health care system Palestinian 41Hebrew language 65Hebrew textbooks 59Hebron West Bank

description and photos of 35ndash37Israeli soldier in 27kuffiyehfactoryin40Orthodox Jews murdered in 100settler neighborhoods in 134West Bank division and 161Zionist observations of 211 212

heritage tourism 80Herzl TheodordefinitionofJewsand215218firstZionistCongressand8788letter from Arab leader to 96quotes of 19 61 71 85Zionist contradictions and 195 196

Herzliya Conference (2010) 187Hidalgo (film) 58 59hijab 58 59Hillel Rabbi 215Hillels campus 44 92 239Hindus 64Hitler Adolf 64 187Hoffman Alice 27

Hohenzollern empire 64 76Holland 240Holocaust

European Islamophobia and 61genocide framework and 186human rights framework and 51 53number killed in 210 226n16self-defense framework and 180 181survivors of (See Holocaust survivors)Zionist movement and 8 73 100 101

208ndash211Holocaust survivors

criticisms of Gaza massacre by 32fear for safety and 216 217Israel as safe haven for 7 111 112Jewish Agency and 92taxes on reparations to 21n20Zionism and 101

ldquohouse in a boxrdquo 39human agency 52 53human rights

environmental sustainability and 43 52as framework for understanding 6 7 15

232 233of groups 55 56inter-state vs intra-state violence and 52international support for 164ndash168Israelrsquos lack of compliance 134key documents 50 52political 51religion and 52 53safety and 217selective application of standards 52

70n81social and economic 51 76 77standards 4 6 7 10 21n4 232 233

241violations of 40 44 53ndash55weak enforcement of 10 52 56

Human Rights Watch 214Hungary 118 124Huntington Samuel 220Hussein bin Ali King 95Hussein King (of Jordan) 122 135 137

139 140 159Hussein-McMahon correspondence 88

94ndash96

INDEX

287

Hussein Saddam 61 143 153 159 160 183

hybridity 58 59

IIbrahimi Mosque 36 155ICC See International Criminal Court (ICC)ICJ See International Court of Justice (ICJ)ideal type 81n6IDF See Israeli Defense Forces (IDF)Illuz Eva 218India 59 64 160 219International Committee of the Red Cross

54international competitions and BDS 240International Court of Justice (ICJ)

and Fourth Geneva Convention Article 49 54

PA application to 165 172n96 238Palestinersquos upgraded status and 181on separation barrier 157 218Zionism and 214

International Criminal Court (ICC)focus on African cases and individuals

53and Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 67n18PA application to 165 167 172n96 238Palestinersquos upgraded status and 181Rome Statute of 167Zionism and 214

International Solidarity Movement 168Intifada first 19 142ndash144 150ndash156Intifada second

beginning of 157 163in history of Palestinian response to

Zionism 235lynching of Israelis during 241911 and 157 158repression of armed struggle in 192results of 158suicide bombings during 156 192

IranAmerican-Israeli relations and 227n50Arab Jews in 112aspirations of 179ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140

Islamic state installed in 141Israeli alliance with 117 141nuclear weapons and 217 218 228n56Sneh on 181

Iran-Iraq War 141 159Iraq 61

Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103current 141in decolonization era 116 117invasion of Iran 141invasion of Kuwait 144 153 159refugees from 182support of Palestinian factions by 136unrest in 154

iron curtain 114Iron Sheik 41ldquoiron wallrdquo 140ndash142Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women (Okin)

55 56Isaacrsquos story 213ISIS (Islamic State in Iraq and Syria) 59 61Islam

Arabization and 14disputes between branches of 65political (See political Islam)recognition of Jewish and Christian

antecedents 11 23n32Islamic Jihad 140 156Islamic Resistance Movement 18Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) 59 61Islamic waqf 8 18 52Islamophobia 5 58 61 157Israel See also Israelis

American alliance with 116 138 139 152 153 217 227n50

American knowledge of 7anti-discrimination laws in 91anti-Palestinian prejudice in 60 61Basic Laws of 113 114Battle of Karameh and 136bilateral challenges of 179 180 182boundaries of 19boycotts and sanctions against (See

boycotts sanctions and divestments (BDS) movement)

casualties of civilians of 55

INDEX

288

citizenship vs nationality 113 114 131control of historic Palestine 9 10 15

16 20democracy claims of 182 183domestic challenges of 180 182 183Egypt invaded by 118 182estimates of Palestinian refugee numbers

by 22n23food shortages and 187 188global challenges for 181 182globalization and 223 224Hamas and 156 183 187 188human rights standards and 242 243human rights violations by 53ndash55

67n24immigration of Arab Jews 112 113invasion by Arab armies 103Iranrsquos alliance with 117 141Jewish identity and 215Jewish immigrants to 34 131 149 152

153Jewish population of xvii xviii n12language struggles in 65militarism 182 223 224military rule of Palestinians 119 120

130 132 191 197 198national framework creation 110ndash114Nazi Germany comparisons 186 188nuclear weapons in 218Occupation by and resistance to 130ndash

134 183occupation of Golan Heights 23n26Occupied Territories and danger to 183

217 218one-state solution and 167operations against Palestinians 182Oslo Accords and 161 164Palestinian citizens of 114 119 120Palestinian elections and 166Palestinian land appropriated by 119peace process and 150ndash153 160 163

164peace treaty with Egypt 140 141peace treaty with Jordan 141PLO recognition by 162price tag attacks in 32

public sector employment discrimination in 132

raids on West Bank and Gaza 117regional challenges of 179 182religious disputes among Jews in 65Russia and 115 116safety in 217ndash219Six Day War and 122ndash124 130 182social services discrimination in 131

132special relationship with Great Britain

and US 98state creation 8 18 86 103 111State of Emergency declared by 119

130tourism 81Turkeyrsquos alliance with 117 141two-state solution and 167victimization emphasis of 73Yom Kippur War and 138ndash140 182young Jews leaving 78

Israel Day Parade 44IsraelPalestine

ancient groups dominating 13 23n39apartheid in (See apartheid)background information 7ndash10complexity of issues in 5 6division of land in 8emigration from 192 203n81 1963findingthetippingpointin241ndash244history of 86human rights issues in (See human

rights)indigenous populations of 14 15Israeli control of 9ndash10 15 16 20 197lessons from the past and 234ndash237media depiction of violence in 5Palestinian population in 9peace process in (See peace process)residents of 9 10search for just peace in 4 6 12size of 8 22n22tools for change in 165 237ndash241

Israeli Apartheid Weeks 239Israeli-Arab wars 113Israeli Defense Forces (IDF)

INDEX

289

Aida refugee camp and 192creation of 92Disengagement Plan and 158expulsion of Palestinians by 8 22n23Jewish immigrants and 34 149killing of Palestinians by 155Operation Protective Edge and 32vandalization of jeep of 44vigilantism and 245n30

Israeli graduate studentrsquos story 184Israeli High Court 157Israeli self-defense as framework 178ndash184

199Israeli settlements

containment and 33danger to settlers in 183 184expansion of 152 182 197 211

225n14 226n17following Six Day War 133 134as human rights violation 53 54labeling of products from 181media coverage of 5numbers of Jews living in 9population of 22 23n26 209 225n14as strategy to control Palestinians 29 30vigilante violence and 32 39

Israeli state early national periodIsraelis during 110ndash114Palestinians during 118ndash122superpowers 114ndash118tragic spiral 122ndash124

Israeli story 109Israeli Supreme Court 31 46nn9amp10 131

191Israeli vs Palestinian deaths 184Israelis See also Israel

blindness of 218 219 236opposed to Occupation 28 36 38 183

193 218self-interest and 243

Israelites 13 14 23n39Italy 64Itamar settlement 183

JJA (Jewish Agency) 87 92 102 234Jabalya refugee camp 142

Jabotinsky Vladimir 140 141 178 181 195 196

Jackson Jesse 60ldquoJaeckesrdquo 75Jaffa Israel 34 35 212Jaffa Muslim-Christian Council 18Jefferson Thomas 68n44Jenin West Bank 161Jericho West Bank 161Jerusalem See also East Jerusalem

Arab Quarter of Old City 71 72binational 243negotiations and 153seam line within 221settler neighborhoods in 134al Walajeh 30 31 133

Jerusalem-Bethlehem corridor 101Jewish Agency (JA) 87 92 102 234Jewish identity 215 216Jewish National Fund (JNF)

fundraising by 89 98 234Jewish Agency and 92Jewish nationality and 114 125n22Judaization and 91land management by 90 91land purchases by 89 94Zionism in the pre-state period and 87

89ndash92Jewish self-defense 177 178 See also

Israeli self-defenseJewish state vs Jewish homeland 7 43 44Jewish Voices for Peace 242Jews See also Israeli settlements Orthodox

Jews ultra-Orthodox Jews Zionism Zionists

admiration for 61American (See American Jews)Arab 59 92 111ndash113assimilation and 74 75 87 101Christians and in pre-modern era 11

12 23n37communities of in Palestine 8 12confrontation and 77 78Ethiopian 92European 73 76 77 80 111ndash113

124German 75 89

INDEX

290

immigrants to Israel 34 131 149 152 153 160

Israeli national rights for 113 114Muslims and prior to Zionism 11 12

23n37new 111 112 192Palestinian 8 12 92 96parallels to African American

experience 62 73ndash76population in Israel xvii xviii n12Promised Land of 8 52reform and 76Russian 152 160shared ancestry with Palestinians 14 15socialism and 76 77Soviet and post-Soviet 92turning on other Jews 44universalism and 46 214world population of 10

Jimmy Carter Center 166JNF See Jewish National Fund (JNF)Johnson Lyndon 124Jordan

Arab Jews in 112army invasion of Israel 103control of West Bank 8 9 104 117

118 135 137in decolonization era 116 117Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104peace treaty with Israel (1994) 141PLO in 136 137refugee camps in 9 10 118 121 137refugeeinfluxto182Six Day War and 123 124Transjordan option and 20 29unrest in 154

Jordan June 56Jordan River and Valley 123 134

241 242Judaism

Constantinian vs prophetic 227n45Herzl and 215 218self-ghettoization and 215 216survival of 220 221

Judaization of the land 11 15 16 42 60 91 131

Judis John 226n23Judt Tony 166

KKafka Franz 216Kahan Commission 138Kanazi Remi 41Karameh Battle of 136Karenrsquos story 210Karon Tony 190 215 220Kasrils Ronnie 186 190Kathleenrsquos story 178 179Kearney Michael 172n96Kennedy John F 149 244Keret Etgar 151Kerry John 44 163 190Khalidi Walid 22n24Khartoum Declaration 19 135 151 159Kibbutz Megido 90King Martin Luther 75 231The Kingdom (film) 62kinship 56 57 68n36Knesset 131 132 140 183 188 218Kramer Martin 187 188Kristalnacht 185Ku Klux Klan 79kuffiyeh factory in Hebron 40Kuhn Thomas 49 132Kurds 65 235Kuwait 144 153 154 159Kweli Talib 62

Llabor

globalization and rights 223 224Jewish vs Palestinian 192 196

laicism 64Lajee Center 42 239Lajun (Palestinian village) 31 90land for peace 133The Land of Israel Past and Present

(Ben Gurion and Ben Zvi) 14Larsquoor Yitzak 61Laurens Henri 208Law and Governance Article 18A 132Law of Return 113 114 125n22 131

152

INDEX

291

The Law In These Parts 187League of Nations

failure to prevent war 51mandatory system 89 95Palestine Mandate 20 89

Lebanonagricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103Christian groups in 138in decolonization era 116 117Israeli invasion of 182Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 137 138 141 142political compromises in 182refugee camps in 9 118 121 137 138

141unrest in 154

legal and advocacy tools for change 238 239

Letters of Mutual Recognition 161 162Leunig Michael 3Levi Primo 185 216Leviev 240Levy Gideon 216Liberia 79 80 81Libya 154Lifta (village) 31 43Likud Party 60Little Town of Bethlehem (film) 231Lubavitcher Jews 77 78Lydda ethnic cleansing of 155 156 211

212

MMadrid Conference 153 159 160Maghreb 112 113Maghrebi neighborhood in East Jerusalem

133Magnes Judah 43 211Maher Bill 57Mahmoud (al Walajeh resident) 30 31Maimonides 214 216Mali 154Malthus Thomas 239Mamdani Mahmood 53 70n81

Mamilla Cemetery Jerusalem 61Mandate Palestine See British Mandatory

PalestineMandela Nelson 50 188 189Mandelbaum Gate 221Mansfield Michael 236 237Maquiladoras 224market systems global 222Marshall George C 103Marx Karl 73 77 216Massachusetts Bay Colony 78Massad Joseph 77Maureenrsquos story 220 224Mauritania 154 160Mavi Marmara (ship) 141 168mawat 134McCarthyism 78McMahon Henry 95media mainstream 4 28Mekorot 240Merchant of Venice (Shakespeare) 74 75Mexico 224Middle Ages 12 23n37militarism 182 223 224Mirarsquos story 216 217Misgav Uri 186Modirsquoin Illit settlement 157Molad 243monotheism 214 220 221Moroccan Quarter in East Jerusalem

133Morocco 154 160Morris Benny 22n24 107n75 186

209 211Motorola sanctions against 240Moving Towards Home (Jordan) 56mowing the lawn 153 168Moynihan Daniel Patrick 228n65Mubarak Hosni 141Multi-National Peacekeeping force

138multiculturalism 55 56 78 79Museum of Tolerance 61Museum on the Seam 221Muslim Brotherhood 156Muslims

Arab 58

INDEX

292

Islamic waqf of 8 18 52Jews and prior to Zionism 11 12

23n37Palestinian factions of 136population transfers 64world population of 10

Mussolini Benito 64My Promised Land (Shavit) 211

NNabi Saleh West Bank

Halamish settlement and 29protests and demonstrations in 183 239spring water access in 29 38 40 183tear gas canister garlands in 241Zionist observations of 212

Nablus West Bank 12 32 46 48n64 161Nader Ralph 5Nakba (the Catastrophe) See also War of

Independenceagreement of facts about 18 24 25n64

180beginning of 102 107n67end of 8 9Israeli school curriculum and 237Jaffa and 34 212Operation Dani in 155 156 170n43Palestinians displaced in 113 155 156

197Palestinians in Israel following 118 119planting over villages destroyed in 90soft Zionism and 211Soviet military aid to Israel during 115statistics on 22n23Zochrot and 43

Nakhleh Khalil 220Nasser Daoud 33Nasser Gamal Abdel 117 118 122ndash124

136Nasserism 97nation and nationalism 50 62ndash66

history of 64 65human rights violations and 64 65language and 65mediating institutions 63 70n76in Middle East 65modern nation states 63 70n74 76

Palestinians and 235prehistory to nationalism 70n80racialclassificationcomparedto64religion and 64Zionism and 235

Nation of Islam 77national identity 113 114National Priority Areas (NPA) 131Native Americans 58 68n44 227n39Nazis 185 186 210Negev Israel

Bedouins in 41 91human rights groups and 4Judaization of 16 41 91 131oil possibilities in 116Palestinian community in 28Peel Commission Report and 99refugees from 24n52

Negotiations Support Unit of PA 51neocolonialism 53 56Nestlersquos boycott against 240Netanyahu Benjamin

Abu Mazen and 151American-Israeli relations and 227n50Bar Ilan University speech and 163Oslo process and 161pacificationofPalestiniansand32post-post-Zionism and 21n21violence and 155

Neuhaus Richard John 70n76ldquonew Jewsrdquo 111 112 192New York Times 5 32NGOs See non-governmental organizations

(NGOs)Nicaragua 183Nilirsquoin (village) 40 183 239911 terrorist attacks 59 61 78 157 163972 Magazine 32Nixon Richard 138Nobel Peace Prize (1979) 140non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

Israeli 28 40 43Palestinian 40 47n35 199social justice and 222 223 229n74tools for change and 237 238

Nordau Max 88 195 196Noriega Manuel 183

INDEX

293

North Africa 112Northern Ireland 12Norway 240NPA (National Priority Areas) 131nuclear weapons 217 218 228n56Nueva Vida 229n75

oObama Barack 79observer entity Palestine as 139 167 181observer state Palestine as 19 165 167

181 218 219Occupation 129ndash144 See also Israeli set-

tlementsas apartheid (See apartheid)bilateral challenges and 179 180domestic challenges and 180effects on agriculture of Palestinians

142 146n81as elephant in the room 6establishment of 86in Israeli textbooks xvIsraelis opposed to 28 36 38 183 193

218Israelrsquos establishment of 130ndash135oppression of Palestinians and 12 15

16 27 28 46n2 90permitting processes in 198planning and implementation of 132

133resistance by Palestinians 5 135ndash138soft Zionism and 211superpowers and 134ndash136tragic spiral and 138ndash144as trap 7witnessing by American Jewish leaders

238Occupied Golan Heights See Golan HeightsOccupied Palestinian Territories See also

Gaza West Bankldquobreak their bonesrdquo Israeli conduct in

150 156containment within 33ndash39dangers to Israel in 183 217 218geographic divides and 154 155 158

191Israeli control of 20

Israelrsquos encouragement of settlements within 54

population in 9 10OCHA (UN Office for the Coordination of

Humanitarian Affairs) 43oil interests 59 115 116ldquooil shockrdquo 139Ojibwa people 227n39Okin Susan Muller 55 56Old New Land (Herzl) 196Old Testament 11ldquoolimrdquo 78Olim Berlin 78Olim Prague 78Olmert Ehud 45 187 190Olympics in Munich (1972) 137Oman 154 160Omar (film) 41one-state solution See also two-state solu-

tionalternatives to 70n87apartheid and 242civil rights struggle and 44 166 167

243increased interest in 66Transjordan option and 20

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 69n54 139

Open Hillels 44 239Operation Cast Lead

criticism of Israel and 182FreeGazaflotillaand168genocide comparisons 186ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163trip to PalestineIsrael during 71Zionist defense of 215

Operation Dani 155 156 170n43Operation Defensive Shield 151 182Operation Pillar of Defense 153 163 182Operation Protective Edge

anti-Semitism and 61BDS and sanctions and 165British support for Gaza in 219cause of 166FreeGazaflotillaand168

INDEX

294

Gaza as a woman and 57genocide comparisons 186Israeli militarism and 182ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163skepticism about 209US suspension of air travel during 239Zionist defense of 215

ldquoOreosrdquo 75Organization of Petroleum Exporting

Countries (OPEC) 69n54 139orientalism 58Orthodox Jews 32 47n40 48n64 77

78 100 101 113 See also ultra-Orthodox Jews

Oslo AccordsCamp David Summit and 162failure of 161 162 164Netanyahu and 161Palestinian acceptance of 19peace process and 155settlement expansion after 152Taba negotiations and 51two-state solution and 65 159 160 161water shortages and 161 164West Bank divisions and 10 104 161

164otherness embracing of 77ndash79Ottoman Empire

Arab revolt against 95 96dismemberment of lands of 94 95end of 76 91 92Herzl and 88land laws 134 141land records from 33ruling of land of IsraelPalestine 13 64Tanzimat reforms 93 94

Oz Amos 212

Ppacification 32 33 99 150Pakistan 64Palestine See also IsraelPalestine

Occupied Palestinian Territories Palestinians

as choice for Jewish homeland 80

Christian communities in 8competing claims on 8 13 52 65 232de-Arabization of 100 102 117history of 234Jewish communities in 8 12 92 96ldquoland without a peoplerdquo 207 225n4news coverage of 5as observer entity 139 167 181as observer state 19 165 167 181 218

219Peel Commission Report and 98 99in pre-state period 96ndash100UN designation of land for 8villages destroyed in 9 22n24 103Zionist immigration to 87 89 91 92

98 100Palestine Arab Congress 97Palestine Arab Delegation 85Palestine Fair Trade Association 40Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

commitments of declared by Arafat 162diverse factions of 136 137elections awaited by 199formation of 122 136as independent national authority 139

140 159Jordan and 136 137Lebanon and 137 138 141 142merging with Fatah 122 136national unity and 243Rabat Declaration and 158two-state solution and 65United States exclusion of 143 144

153 160weakening in Ramallah 158

Palestine National Congress (PNC) 143Palestine Office 91 92Palestine Peace not Apartheid (Carter) 189Palestine Strategy Study Group 243Palestine Zionist Executive 92Palestinian Authority

Adnanrsquos story and 51applications to ICC and ICJ 165 238establishment of 159 161national unity and 243Oslo agreements and 19 164Rome Statue of ICC and 167

INDEX

295

UN and 183 198 199Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) 156Palestinian Legislative Council 166 199

243Palestinian National Council 199 243Palestinian Rebellion 100Palestinian refugees

appropriation of land from 119discrimination against 131Jewish refugees compared to 113numbers of xviii xviii n14 24n52in refugee camps 9 10 104 118 121right of return xviii n14 15at time of Israeli state formation 103

Palestinian story 109 110Palestinian vs Israeli deaths 184Palestinians See also Palestine

in administrative detention 120child-naming practices 23n32Christian 8 9 33 97 183 218civilian casualties 55containment of 33ndash39creativity and resilience of 40ndash43as demographic threat 217 218Diaspora community of 104 239 241discrimination against 131 132distribution in IsraelPalestine 9educational attainment of xviii 28 40

46n6 72 238efforts to pacify 141 142elections held by 165 166expulsion of (See expulsion of

Palestinians)food shortages and 187 188 196General Strike by 98globalization and 223 224Hamas charter statements 18human rights violations by 54 55

67n24internal displacement of 9 24n52 34

90 103 118 119in Israel following Nakba 118 119as Israeli citizens 114 119 120

130ndash132 182 183 191Israeli state creation and 118ndash122killed and wounded in Gaza 32Kuwaitrsquos expulsion of 144

land captured from 92lobbying efforts to British 97as long term residents of IsraelPalestine

13media presentation of 28under military rule 119 120 130 132

191 197 198mob killings by 100 101Muslim 9 97 183national identity of 65 66 96 97 235need for national unity 243Occupation and (See under Occupation)pacificationof3233peace process and 154ndash158 164population of xvii xviii n13in pre-state period 89 96ndash102prohibited to live with spouses 31proverb 231refugees (See Palestinian refugees)as ldquoresidentsrdquo of East Jerusalem 130

133Resolution 242 and 135rock-throwing by children 5safety of 217 219self-determination pursuit by 16shared ancestry with Jews 14 15Six Day War and 124 130stereotypes of 5 7storyofdifficultiesinsharing4ndash6

PalTel 40pan-Arabism 97 117 123 136 235Panama 183Pappe Ilan 186 198Paradise Now (film) 41Paraguay 165particularism 212 213 214 217Partition Plan 102 115 116 141Patinkin Mandy 165Paulrsquos story 27 43peace camp 33 34peace process 149ndash168

changing boundaries and 104failure of 168firstIntifada and 155human rights and 164ndash168Israelis and 150ndash153 160 163 164Palestinians and 154ndash158 164

INDEX

296

superpowers and 153 154tragic spiral 155ndash164United States and 144 152

Peel Commission Report 65 98ndash100 197Peled-Elhanan Nurit xvPeled-Elhanan Smadar xvPeled Matti xvPeled Miko xvPeled Yoav xvpension funds and BDS 240permitting processes 198Peru 165Peterrsquos story 63PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of

Palestine) 136 156Philistines 13Picot Francois Georges 94PIJ (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) 156Pilgrims American 78pine trees planted in Palestine 90pink-washing 47n40Pinochet Augusto 214 215Pitersberg Gabriel 61Plan Dalet (Plan D) 102 103 107n75PLO See Palestine Liberation Organization

(PLO)PNC (Palestine National Congress) 143Poitier Sidney 81n10Poland 64political Islam

American race relations and 59Arab states and 244blacks as superpatriots and 62otherness and 78Palestinianflirtationwith16235pan-Arab unity and 97

politicide 199polytheism 214Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

(PFLP) 136 156population transfers 16 20 54 64 99 197post-post-Zionism 21 22n21post-Zionism 21n21Powell Colin 62pre-state period in history of Zionism

great powers in 93ndash96Palestinians in 96ndash100

tragic spiral 100ndash105Zionists in 87ndash93

present absentees 118 119price tag attacks 32Prince Stephen 177prophetic vs Constantinian Judaism 227n45protection gap 121Proust Marcel 216psychological warfare 188Ptolemy 49

QQalandiya checkpoint 149 235 236Qalqilya West Bank 161Qatar 160Qibya West Bank 117Quakers 240Qurrsquoan 11Quran Fadi 40

RR2P (Responsibility to Protect) 53Rabat Declaration 139 140 159Rabin Yitzhak 155 156 161 162 170n43race 50 56ndash62

anti-Arab racism 59ndash62 196 197blacks as superpatriots 62invidious nature of distinctions 58power and 58 59relations in the United States 59scientificdefinitionof5862as social construction 58 190

racial privilege 58 59racism 59ndash62 181 190 196 197 218Rakeek Mariam Abu 28Ramallah West Bank 28 161 183 241Ramle ethnic cleansing of 155 156Ras a-Tire (village) 157Rashomon effect 177Ravitch Diane 212Rawabi West Bank 223realpolitik 6 233Reconstruction failure of 79Red Scare 78Reel Bad Arabs (documentary) 5reform 75ndash77 81nn9amp10Reformation 87

INDEX

297

refugee campsexpelled Palestinians in 9 10 104 118

121numbers in 24n52rationing of water and electricity to 191in surrounding countries 9 10 24n52

104 118 121 141in West Bank and Gaza 9 24n52 118

Refugee Convention of 1951 121 122Refugee Protocol (1967) 121 122regional power struggles 179religion

human rights and 52 53nationalism and 64

resistance as a tool for change 239Responsibility to Protect (R2P) 53Ricardo David 239Rice Condoleezza 62Richardrsquos story 3 4Rihanna 165Riwaq 40Road Map 163Romania 182Romanov empire 64Rome Statute of ICC 167Roots (TV mini-series) 80Rose Tricia 82n19Ruffalo Mark 165Ruppin Arthur 195 196Russell Tribunal 190 236Russia

alliance with Egypt 137ndash139Cold War and 115global economy and 59Herzl and 88Jewish immigrants from 152 160peace process and 159 160recognition of Israel 116Six Day War and 123 124Sykes-Picot Agreement and 94 95WWI and 88 89

Al Ruwwad Childrenrsquos Dance Theater 42

Sal Sabawi Khaled 42Sabeel 186Sabra 111

Sabra refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Sadat Anwar 140 244safety promise of 216ndash219Said Edward 164ndash166Said-Foqahaa Nader 129 130Salaita Steven 242Samaritans 12 46 48n64Samuel Herbert 88Santayana George 234ldquoSaturday Night Massacrerdquo 138Saudi Arabia 103 116 154 179school bus crash 18secessionist movements 64second (Al Aqsa) Intifada See Intifada

secondsecular humanism 220 221 See also

universalismuniversal humanismSegev Tom 15 111 216self-ghettoization Zionism as 212ndash216separation barrier Israeli

around homes 39attempts to breach 192containment and 33ICJ on 157 218national security as rationale for 156

179Palestinian labor exclusion and 192protests and 40roboticization of 242suicide bombings and 156 171n54

September 11 terrorist attacks See 911 terrorist attacks

service work as a tool for change 239settler only roads 134 191Shaftsbury Earl of 225n4Shah of Iran 141 159Shahian Abdel Aziz 25n74Shakespeare William 74 75Shamir Yitzhak 194Shamir Yoav 181Shapira Anita 24n54 101 107n63Shapira Yonatan 57 231Sharon Ariel

counter-proposal to two-state solution 143

election of 163

INDEX

298

Gazan resistance and 158massacre in Qibya and 117pacificationofWestBankand141refugee camp massacres and 138second Intifada and 157settlement building and 134war on Arab terror and 61

Shatila refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Shavit Ari 101 105n6 180 211 212Sheikh Jerrah East Jerusalem 38 39Shepherd Matthew 210Sherwood Harriet 22 23n26 225n14Shlaim Avi 99Shula Alonirsquos story 189shuttle diplomacy 163Shylock (in Merchant of Venice) 74 75Siegman Henry 218 219Sierra Leone 79Simon Wiesenthal Center 61Sinai Peninsula 134 135 138 139 140Six Day War (1967)

as ldquodefensive warrdquo 123 133expulsions during 197Israeli control of historic Palestine and

9 15 45 124 130 182situation leading to 122ndash124

slavery 5 58 73 76 79Slovak Republic 64Smith Adam 239Smith Charles D 137Sneh Ephraim 180 181 227n50social media positive effects of 222 See

also Facebook postssocialism 76 77 101 110sociocide as term xv 198 199 236 See

also ethnic cleansingsociocidesoft Zionism 211 226n23Somoza Anastasio 183South Africa apartheid system in 12 45

153 186 188ndash193 233 234Soviet Union

Cold War and 114 115 117 118 152collapse of 61 144 152invasion of Hungary 118 124Jews from 92Occupation and resistance and 134

peace process and 159 160spaciocide 199Spain 64 65 159 160 240sperm smuggling 242Spielberg Steven 79Spinoza Baruch 73 216starvation 187 188 196State of Emergency 119 130State Stamp Law (1949) 132Straights of Tiran 123 140Straw Jack 96Streisand Barbara 79The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

(Kuhn) 132Sudan 154Suez Canal 118 123 140 182Suez Crisis xvisuicide bombings xv 55 156 192summer circus camp 42sumud 16supermarket chains and BDS 240superpowers

in ancient IsraelPalestine 13ascollectiveactorinconflict10ndash13in decolonization era 114ndash118misuse of human rights doctrines 53 56Occupation and resistance and 134ndash136peace process and 153 154in pre-state period 93ndash96recent domination in Palestine 13 16two-state solution and 151

Sykes Mark 94Sykes-Picot agreement 88 94ndash97Syria

agricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103civil war in 182claim on Golan Heights 9 23n26 152conflictin18current 141in decolonization era 116 117Egyptrsquos rivalry with 122Fatah support by 122Madrid Conference and 160Palestine imagined as province of 97refugee camps in 9 10 118 121

INDEX

299

refugees from 182Resolution 242 and 139 140Six Day War and 123 124support of Palestinian factions by 122

136unrest in 154Yom Kippur War and 138

TTaba Talks of 2001 162 163Tacitus 149Tahrir Square 222Tamimi Bassem 207 219Tamimi Bilal and Manal 38Tamimi Mostafa 38Tanzimat reforms 93ldquoTaxirdquo (Hammad) 56Taybeh Beer Brewery 40Teach for America 60Tel Aviv boardwalk 35Tel Aviv Israel 43 112 156 193 239Ten Point Program 146n71Tent of Nations 33 34Tessler Mark 17Thant U 123three-family story 194 195Three Norsquos of Khartoum 19 135Thucydides 129Transjordan option 20 25n75transnational market forces 6tribalism 213 214 217Truman Doctrine 115Truman Harry 115 116truth and reconciliation commissions 6Tulkarem West Bank 161 241Tunis Tunisia 143 155Tunisia

Arab Spring in 154Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 138 142 154 155

TurkeyArab Jews in 112aspirations of 179FreeGazaflotillaand168173n117ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140Israeli alliance with 117 141

population transfers and 64Turks See Ottoman EmpireTutu Desmond 3 189 19024 (TV show) 62two-state solution See also one-state

solutionalternatives to 70n87 166apartheid and 190failure of 66First Intifada and 143great powers and 151Green Line and 8 9 19 43human rights standards and 10Israeli settlements and 133 134land division and 43national liberation struggle and 243origins and resurfacing of 65Rabat Declaration and 159Resolution 181 and 235

Tzabar Shimon 129

UUAR (United Arab Republic) 118 122 123UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human

Rights) 50ndash52 56Uganda 8 14 80 87Ukraine 64 92Ulpan plan 92Ulrichrsquos story 185ultra-Orthodox Jews 31 35 77 78 101

See also Orthodox JewsUm al Fahm Israel 194 195Um Kammal 38 39UN Human Rights Commission 61UN Conciliation Commission on Palestine

(UNCCP) 121 122UN General Assembly

admission of PLO 139 167on Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54recognition of Palestine as observer

state 218 219Resolution 181 8 65 101 115

135 235UN High Commissioner for Refugees

(UNHCR) 121 122UN Human Rights Council 181

INDEX

300

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) 43

UN Relief Works Agency (UNRWA) xviii n14 22n23 121 122

UN Security Councilon Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54Resolution 242 134 135 162Resolution 338 162

UNESCO 167 181United Arab Emirates 65United Arab Republic (UAR) 118 122 123United Kingdom 64 65United Nations

at Madrid Conference 160Palestinian Authority and 199partitioning of historic Palestine 8 101

121protocols for protecting refugees 121refugee camps 104Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(UDHR) 50upgrading of Palestinersquos status 181 182Zionism and 214

United StatesAmerican Indians in 58 68n44anti-Arab anti-Muslim prejudice in

59ndash62Arab world awareness in 209Arafat and PLO rejected by 143 144

153 160arms delivery delays by 239BDS precedents in 240Bill of Rights 51blacks as superpatriots in 62blindness and deafness in 236Cold War and 115 117 118 124 139

152colonies in 219Declaration of Independence 68n44Egypt rejected by 117 118GI Bill of Rights 58grassroots social movements in 222Great Society project 228n65human rights standards ignored by 241Immigration and Nationality Act of

1965 58

importanceinconflict243244Israel as liability to 182Israeli-American alliance 116 138 139

152 153 217 227n50Israelrsquos special relationship with 98Jewish community in 44 80 89 91

114 116military aid to Egypt 140Occupation and resistance and 134occupation of Germany 132operations in IsraelPalestine 13 16Palestinian Authority and 161Palestinian elections and 166peace process and 144 152 153

158ndash160race riot responses in 150restrictive immigration policies 111Six Day War and 124suspension of air travel to Tel Aviv 239

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 50ndash52 56

universal jurisdiction 214 215universalismuniversal humanism 46 214

217universities and BDS 240university campuses prejudice on 59 60Uris Leon 208Uruguay 165US State Department 32USAID 229n74Use of Hebrew Date Law (1998) 132Ussishkin Menachem 195 196

VVenezuela 165Veolia 240Verwoerd Hendrik 189veteranrsquos preference 131Vietnam French in 219Vietnam War 134Vietnamese Liberation Front 124vigilantism 32 241 245n30village leagues 141violence

ahistorical presentation of 5resistance and 183state-sponsored 222

INDEX

301

vigilante 32voter suppression 76 82n13

WWadi al Narsquoam Israel 42Wadi Rasha (village) 157Wailing (Western) Wall in Old City 100

112al Walajeh (village) 30 31 133Waltz with Bashir (film) 219Wannsee Conference 187waqf Islamic 8 18 52War of Independence 8 9 103 111 115

116 182 See also Nakba (the Catastrophe)

water shortages 161 164Watergate scandal 138Waxmann Rivka and Haim 109ldquoWe Killed Jesus Wersquore Proud of Itrdquo

(YouTube video) 18Weber Max 49 81n6Weissglass Dov 158 159 187Weizmann Chaim 88 195 196West Bank

division into areas 10 104 161 164efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143efforts to pacify 141firstIntifada and 154 155free trade zones in 224Israeli control of 139 140 150Jewish settlements in 22 23n26 29

133 134 152Jordanian control of 8 9 104 117 118

135 137negotiations and 153new city in 224Palestinian population in 9refugee camps in 9 118Samaritans in 12 46 48n64separation barrier appropriation of land

in 156two-state solution and 159vigilante violence in 32

West Beirut Lebanon 138Western Sahara 154

White Paper of 1921 98 99White Paper of 1939 100 111Who Profits 28 43 239 242Wilson Woodrow 89witchcraft accusations of Pilgrims 78Wolfe Alan 214womenrsquos movement American 222World Trade Organization (WTO) 59 179

222World War I 88 89 94World War II

American occupation of Germany after 132

Great Britain and 104human rights framework and 51 53racial disadvantage after 74reduced to Holocaust 61Zionism and 8 100 101 111

World Zionist Organization (WZO) 87ndash89 234

WTO (the World Trade Organization) 59 179 222

Wye River memorandum 162WZO (World Zionist Organization) 87ndash89

234

YYad Larsquoachim 245n30Yasminersquos story 71 72Yehoshua AB 215Yemen 112 154Yiftachel Oren 243Yishuv 91 100 101 197Yitzachi Aryeh 109Yom Kippur War (1973) 69n54 138 139

182 231 232Young Cynthia 62Yugoslavia 64Yurirsquos story 57Yuvalrsquos story 231 232

ZZangwill Israel 195 196 207 225n4Zapatistas 222Zeidan Mohammad 131Ziadeh Rafif 41

INDEX

302

Zionism 71ndash82 207ndash224 See also pre-state period in history of Zionism Zionists

claim to ownership of IsraelPalestine 13 65 66

as colonization 178contradictions of 195ndash197criticism of 209ethnic cleansing and 196 208ndash212fear of assimilation and 87genocide framework and 186 187global empires and 64globalization and 220ndash224history of 7 8 234 235Holocaust and 8 73 100 101 208ndash211human rights violations and 7inversion of 78ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140 141Israeli-Palestinianconflictand12ndash16

23n38 72 73Jewish homeland vs Jewish state and 7

43 44Jewish identity and 215 216Jewish-Muslim relations prior to 11 12

23n37as Jewish nationalism 235nationalist movement of 66ldquonew Jewsrdquo and 111 112origins of 87

as Palestinian disaster 211parallels to back-to-Africa movement

80 81pioneering mentality 7 21n21psychology of 101rejection of 212 213safety and 216ndash219as self-ghettoization 212ndash216shared ancestry with Palestinians and

14 15Six Day War and 124socialist labor variant of 101universal vs particular in 214 215use of force and 15 24n54

Zionist Commission for Palestine 91 92Zionist Congress eighth (1907) 196Zionist Congress fifth (1901) 89Zionist Congress first (1897) 87 88 196Zionist Organization 87ndash89 91 92 97Zionists See also Zionism

Christian 12 208 225n7expulsion of Palestinians by (See

expulsion of Palestinians)Partition Plan and 102in pre-state period 87ndash93 98 102ldquosoftrdquo 211 226n23in United States 208 225n7

Zochrot (Remembrance) 28 43 237 242Zonszein Mairav 245n30

• REFERENCES
• INDEX

INDEX

280

renewed 219self-defense framework and 177 178

180Zionism and 7 8 73 87

apartheidBennettrsquos use of term 190 202n66Dugard on 190as framework 188ndash192 199 236Kerryrsquos use of term 44 45 190legal framework development for 242Mansfieldand236237racism and 190in South Africa 12 45 153 186

188ndash193 233 234Appelfeld Aharon 111 112Al Aqaba Jordan 32Arab Association for Human Rights 238Arab Higher Committee 97Arab League 103 122 140 159 163 244Arab League Peace Initiative (2002) 163

182 244Arab National Movement (ANM) 136Arab Quarter of Old City 71 72Arab Revolt of 1936-1939 98 100 137

235Arab Spring 154 166 182 217Arab states opposition to Occupation by

135 136 244ldquoArab streetrdquo 154Arabic language 65Arabization 14Arabs

Christian 58 59humiliation in 1948 117Jewish 59 92 111 112 113Muslim 58roles in American history 5sacred texts in common with Jews 11stereotypes about 5 58

Arafat YasirCamp David Summit and 162

FatahPLO merging and 122 136Letters of Mutual Recognition and 161

162on Mandelarsquos remarks 188as PLO head 136 137 139 140Rabat Declaration and 159

return to Palestine 155Saddam Hussein and 153 159 160two-state solution and 143 144Wye River meeting and 162

Arendt Hannah 7 43 73 211 220Argentina 8 14 80 87 165Ariel settlement 240armed resistance repression of 192Armenia 94Arms Export Control Act 239arms races 179Ashkenazi Jews 78Asimov Isaac 71 212assimilation 74 75 87 101 105n6 211

245n30Aswan Dam project 117asymmetrical warfare 53Ateek Naim 186Aung San Suu Kyi 50Auschwitz concentration camp 61 180 217Austria 243Avineri Shlomo 87Ayalon Ami 149Ayn Hod 28

Bback-to-Africa movement 79 80Bahrain 154Baker James 160Balbus Isaac 150Balfour Declaration 88 89 92 94 95 96

99Balfour Lord 97 196Balkan Republics 64 76Barak Ehud

American-Israeli relations and 227n50on apartheid 44 45 190Camp David and 162Sharon and 157 163ldquovilla in the junglerdquo metaphor 19 25n73

Bardem Javier 165Barenboim Daniel 216Barmki Anton 221Barnea Nahum 151Basel PlanProgram 87 88 196Basic Laws of Israel 113 114 120Battle of Karameh 136

INDEX

281

BDS See boycotts sanctions and divest-ments (BDS) movement

Bedouins 22n24 28 41 42 91 131 243Begin Menachim 102 134 140Beinart Peter 212 238Beisan (Bet Shersquoan) 186Beit-Hallahmi Benjamin 208Beit Shemesh Israel 32Belgium 64 65Ben Gurion David

on aggression and self-defense 178 181creating a national framework and 110

111ethnic cleansing and 194The Land of Israel Past and Present 14partitioning and 99 102ldquounused landrdquo and 110 119Zionist contradictions and 195 196

Ben-Shemen Agricultural School 112Ben Zvi Yitzhak 14 196Bennet Naftali 60 190 202n66Bentham Jeremy 239Berger Peter 70n76Bethlehem West Bank

Aida refugee camp in 42 192 239breakfast in 45Combatants for Peace meeting in 231al Walajeh 30West Bank division and 161YMCA in 41

bi-national state solution 44 115 116 211bilateral challenges 179 180 182Bilirsquoin (village) 40 157 183 239 241biological metaphors 56ndash58 See also raceBirthright 92 193Birzeit University 41Birzeit West Bank 40Black capitalism 77Black Muslims 77Black Noise (Rose) 82n19black rap and hip hop 77 78 82n19black separatism 77Black September 137blacks See African AmericansBlackstone William 52blue boxes 89Bolivia 165

Bolsheviks 89 95Born Palestinian Born Black (Hammad) 56Borochov Ber 14boycotts sanctions and divestments (BDS)

movementbilateral tensions and 180 182as economic tool for change 165

239ndash241as educational tool for change 165endorsement by Israeli professors 218global challenges and 181as non-violent resistance 183in South Africa 192as threat to business 217two-state solution and 166in US and Europe 243

Brandeis Louis 89Brazil 59 165ldquobreak their bonesrdquo policy 150 156Breaking the Silence 36 57 242BRIC nations 59British Empire 13 16 64 80 88 89

94ndash96 See also Great BritainBritish Mandatory Palestine

Balfour Declaration and (See Balfour Declaration)

defined127n82division of 101Israelrsquos allotment of land in 104Jordan and 20period of rule 13 20Six Day War and 124 182 197

British Peel Plan See Peel Commission Report

Bronstein Eitan 43Bruce Lenny 216Bruno Kreisky Institute 243BrsquoTselem

fatality statistics of 55 184 201n28reporting on human rights violations

40 120settlement statistics of 134settler talking points and 29 30Zionism and 214

Buber Martin 7 43 73 211Budrus demonstrations in 183 239Bulgaria 64

INDEX

282

Burg Avraham 46 181 215bus segregation 40 47n40Bush George H W 61 160Bush George W 157 158 166Buttu Diana 216

CCamp David Accords (1978) 140 141 159Camp David Summit (2000) 162Canaanites 13 14Canada 64 65Canada Park 90Carter Jimmy 140 189Catalan nationality 125n24Caterpillar sanctions against 240Central Committee of the Palestinian resist-

ance 137Central Conference of American Rabbis 61Chavez Caesar 5 240checkpoints

emergencies and delays at 179ldquoflyingrdquo188harassment at 36as impediments 191 197 198 199Qalandiya 149 235 236soldiers at 36 57 149

childrenrsquos services Palestinian 41Chile 165China 59 117 118 124 160Christians

anti-Semitism in Europe by 11 12 87Arab 58 59Holy Land of 8 52Jewish relations with in pre-modern era

11 12 23n37in Lebanon 138national identities in Middle East 65Palestinian 8 9 33 97 183 218population transfers 64Zionist 12 208 225n7

churches and BDS 240Churchill Winston 98 99 114circus camp 42civil rights and one-state solution 44 166

167 243civil rights movement American 62 74 75

76 77 222

Civil War American 5Cizling Aharon 185 201n31ldquoclash of civilizationsrdquo 220Clinton Bill 157 162 163Clinton Parameters 162 163co-existence policy 34Cohen Mark 11 12 23n37Cold War

American self-interests in Palestine during 16

end of 61 65human rights and 51Israeli-American alliance in 139non-aligned nations in 117otherness and 78Palestinians and 122Soviet bloc 114 115 117Western bloc 114 115 117world divided by 152

collaborators 32 33 34 55 141collective actors or parties 12 23n38colonialism 53 56 61colonization Zionism as 178Combatants for Peace 231 232 239Communism 114 117 118 124 188complexity as challenge to understanding

5 6confrontation 77ndash79Constantinian vs prophetic Judaism 2

27n45containment 33ndash39contract partnerships and BDS 240Convention on the Elimination of Racial

Discrimination 190Convention on the Prevention and

Punishment of Genocide 187Convention on the Suppression and

Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid 190

Copernicus 49Cox Archibald 138Coyne Jeremy 207Cruz Penelope 165Cunningham Alan 102curfews 56 157 199Custodian of Absentee Property 119 150

234

INDEX

283

Czech Republic 64Czechoslovakia 134

DDachau concentration camp 185DAM 41Darwish Museum 40Dawkins Richard 207Dayan Moshe 178 181de-Arabization of Palestine 100 102 117De Niro Robert 165Declaration of Principles 161 162decolonization era 53 72 76 104 114ndash118Defamation (Shamir) 181defensive war narrative 123Deir Yassin massacre 102democracy 44 45 182 183Democratic Front for the Liberation of

Palestine (DFLP) 136demolition of homes and villages

on Daoud Nasserrsquos land 33green-washing 35in Jaffa 34 35Lajun (village) 90Maghrebi neighborhood 133Mahmoudrsquos house 31in Sheikh Jerrah neighborhood 38 39three-family story 194 195Wadi al Narsquoam (village) 42

Denmark 64Derrida Jacques 216Desert Daughter 41Deutsch Karl 62DFLP (Democratic Front for the Liberation

of Palestine) 136Dheisheh refugee camp 42Diaspora Jewish 13 89 91 215 216Diaspora Palestinian 104 239 241Dimona reactor 115 123dining hall incident 59 60Disengagement Plan 158Djibouti 154Dome of the Rock mosque 157domestic challenges 180Druze 131Dugard John 189 190Dylan Bob 216

EEast Jerusalem

annexation of by Israel 54 133 152 161 225n14

destruction of Maghrebi neighborhood 132 133

Israeli control of 139 150Palestinian residents in 130two-state solution and 159

Eban Abba 16 133 164Economic Efficiency Law of 2009 131economic tools for change 239ndash241Ecuador 165educational tools for change 165 237 238Efrati Eran 242Egypt

Arab Jews in 112 113Arab Spring in 154army invasion of Israel 103aspirations of 179brief control of Palestine (1834) 97control of Gaza 8 9 104 117 118in decolonization era 116 117 118Israeli invasion over Suez canal 118

182peace treaty with Israel 140 141refugee camps in 9 10 118 121Russian alliance with 137 138 139Six Day War and 123 124support of Palestinian factions by 136Syriarsquos rivalry with 122war of attrition with Israel 137Yom Kippur War and 138

Einstein Albert 7 43 73 185 211 216El Al airplane hijackings 137El Salvador 165Electronic Intifada 223Ellis Marc 215 227n45emigration from IsraelPalestine 192 193

203n81Encounter 238England See Great BritainEnlightenment rationalism 87 104 221

222 239environmental degradation 179environmental sustainability 43 52environmentalism 42 43

INDEX

284

Epstein Yitzhak 193 194 196Erdogan Recep Tayyip 173n117eruvin 77 78Ethiopia 92ethnic cleansingsociocide

as framework 193ndash199genocide compared to 187 209of Lyda and Ramle 155 156 211 212Zionism as 209ndash212

ethnocentrism 213 214European Union

boycotts from 218 219 243importanceinconflict243244Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Authority and 161Palestinian elections and 166Palestinian human rights and 181

ldquoEurozionism and its Discontentsrdquo (Pitersberg) 61

Eversquos stories 85 86 149 221exit 79ndash81Exodus (Uris) 81n10 208expulsion of Palestinians

during and after Nakba 8 9 102ndash104indigeneity and 15as Israeli strategy 30 31from Lydda and Ramle 155 156Six Day War and 197statistics on 22n23 113use of force for 15 24n54

extremist groups and views 18 25n65

fFacebook posts 32 78 232facts on the ground 133 152 167 197 209Faculty for Israeli-Palestinian Peace xvFalk Richard 21n4Family Circle of the Bereaved 239family unification 31 114 131 191 242Fanon Franz 136Farouk King (of Egypt) 117Fatah 122 136 156 165 166fear 213 232fedayeen 136fictive kinship 68n36film industry 40 41first Intifada See Intifada first

Fisher Max 228n56Five Broken Cameras (film) 41Flag and Emblem Law (1949) 132food shortages 187 188 196Fourth Geneva Convention Article 49 544th Arab League Summit (1967) 19Foxx Jamie 62frameworks 177ndash199

apartheid 188ndash193ethnic cleansingsociocide 193ndash199genocide 185ndash188human rights 6 7 50 (See also human

rights)Israeli self-defense 178ndash184nationalism 50 (See also nation and

nationalism)race 50 (See also race)for understanding Israeli-Palestinian conflict64950

FranceAlgerian revolution against 115 136

219Dimona reactor and 115Egypt invaded by 118head scarves ban in 70n81laicism in 64Lebanon and Syriarsquos independence from

116Six Day War and 124Sykes-Picot Agreement and 94 95 97in Vietnam 219

Frankfurter Felix 89Free Gaza flotilla 168Free Trade Agreement talks 165Freedom from Fear (Aung San Suu Kyi) 50ldquoFreedom Ridesrdquo 40Freedom Summer 238Freud Sigmund 73 216

GGainsbourg Serge 216Galilee 16 28 99 104 131Galileo 49Garroutte Eva 58Garvey Marcus 79gay rights movement 81n9 210 222Gaza

INDEX

285

depicted as a woman 57destruction in 166 186Disengagement Plan and 158efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143Egyptian control of 8 9 104 117 118firstIntifada and 154 155FreeGazaflotillaand168231genocide and 186health clinics in 199Israeli control of 139 150 158Israeli raid on 117Israeli security concerns and 43Israeli use of violence against 153 158

163Jewish settlements in 152military rule established in 132as open-air prison 191Operation Cast Lead in (See Operation

Cast Lead)Operation Pillar of Defense in 153 163

182Operation Protective Edge in (See

Operation Protective Edge)Palestinian population in 9Peel Commission Report and 99refugee camps in 9 24n52 118 142rocketfirefrom55217218two-state solution and 159UN peacekeepers removed from 123

Gaza Community Mental Health Center 239

Gellner Ernest 62 63 70n77Gelvin James 136 142gender stereotypes 58General Strike 98 235The Generalrsquos Son (Miko Peled) xvgenetic research and claims of indigeneity

14 15Geneva Conventions on the Rules of War

50ndash54 132Geneva Initiative 158 163genocide

ethnic cleansing compared to 187 209as framework 185ndash188

Germany 64 88 89 115GI Bill of Rights 58 74 131

Ginsburg Asher 211globalizationdefined221Zionism and 220ndash224

Go Palestine summer camp 239Golan Heights

Israeli control of 150Israeli settlements in 9 22 23n26 134

152Syrian incursions from 123Syriarsquos claim on 9 23n26 152Yom Kippur War and 138ndash140

Goldstein Baruch 36 155Goldstone Report 67n24Gouldner Alvin 49grassroots social movements 6Great Britain See also British Empire Brit-

ish Mandatory PalestineCold War and 115decolonization of Arab countries 116

117Egypt invaded by 118in India 219during pre-state period 94ndash100 111sanctions against Israel and 165Six Day War and 124state church in 64Truman and 115 116War of Independence and 104

Greece 64Green Linedefinitionof89erased from textbooks 59Israelrsquos boundaries and 19 20Israelrsquos growth to 104road network and 54separation barrier and 33through Jerusalem 221

green-washing 35Guess Whorsquos Coming to Dinner (film)

81n10Gulf of Aqaba 140

HHarsquoam Ahad 211Harsquoaretz 129Haddad Heskel 23n37

INDEX

286

Haganah 92 102Halamish settlement 29Hallowell A Irving 227n39Hamas

execution of collaborators 33Fatah rivalry with 165food shortages and 187ndash188Israeli operations against 151Israelrsquos early supporttolerance of 156

183Palestinian 2006 elections and 163 166

198Palestinian statements in charter 18 60second Intifada and 158

Hammad Suheir 41 56Hammerman Ilana 242Hamoked 238Hapsburg empire 64 76Haram-al-Sharif 71 72 157Harlem Renaissance 74Haysbert Dennis 62health care system Palestinian 41Hebrew language 65Hebrew textbooks 59Hebron West Bank

description and photos of 35ndash37Israeli soldier in 27kuffiyehfactoryin40Orthodox Jews murdered in 100settler neighborhoods in 134West Bank division and 161Zionist observations of 211 212

heritage tourism 80Herzl TheodordefinitionofJewsand215218firstZionistCongressand8788letter from Arab leader to 96quotes of 19 61 71 85Zionist contradictions and 195 196

Herzliya Conference (2010) 187Hidalgo (film) 58 59hijab 58 59Hillel Rabbi 215Hillels campus 44 92 239Hindus 64Hitler Adolf 64 187Hoffman Alice 27

Hohenzollern empire 64 76Holland 240Holocaust

European Islamophobia and 61genocide framework and 186human rights framework and 51 53number killed in 210 226n16self-defense framework and 180 181survivors of (See Holocaust survivors)Zionist movement and 8 73 100 101

208ndash211Holocaust survivors

criticisms of Gaza massacre by 32fear for safety and 216 217Israel as safe haven for 7 111 112Jewish Agency and 92taxes on reparations to 21n20Zionism and 101

ldquohouse in a boxrdquo 39human agency 52 53human rights

environmental sustainability and 43 52as framework for understanding 6 7 15

232 233of groups 55 56inter-state vs intra-state violence and 52international support for 164ndash168Israelrsquos lack of compliance 134key documents 50 52political 51religion and 52 53safety and 217selective application of standards 52

70n81social and economic 51 76 77standards 4 6 7 10 21n4 232 233

241violations of 40 44 53ndash55weak enforcement of 10 52 56

Human Rights Watch 214Hungary 118 124Huntington Samuel 220Hussein bin Ali King 95Hussein King (of Jordan) 122 135 137

139 140 159Hussein-McMahon correspondence 88

94ndash96

INDEX

287

Hussein Saddam 61 143 153 159 160 183

hybridity 58 59

IIbrahimi Mosque 36 155ICC See International Criminal Court (ICC)ICJ See International Court of Justice (ICJ)ideal type 81n6IDF See Israeli Defense Forces (IDF)Illuz Eva 218India 59 64 160 219International Committee of the Red Cross

54international competitions and BDS 240International Court of Justice (ICJ)

and Fourth Geneva Convention Article 49 54

PA application to 165 172n96 238Palestinersquos upgraded status and 181on separation barrier 157 218Zionism and 214

International Criminal Court (ICC)focus on African cases and individuals

53and Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 67n18PA application to 165 167 172n96 238Palestinersquos upgraded status and 181Rome Statute of 167Zionism and 214

International Solidarity Movement 168Intifada first 19 142ndash144 150ndash156Intifada second

beginning of 157 163in history of Palestinian response to

Zionism 235lynching of Israelis during 241911 and 157 158repression of armed struggle in 192results of 158suicide bombings during 156 192

IranAmerican-Israeli relations and 227n50Arab Jews in 112aspirations of 179ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140

Islamic state installed in 141Israeli alliance with 117 141nuclear weapons and 217 218 228n56Sneh on 181

Iran-Iraq War 141 159Iraq 61

Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103current 141in decolonization era 116 117invasion of Iran 141invasion of Kuwait 144 153 159refugees from 182support of Palestinian factions by 136unrest in 154

iron curtain 114Iron Sheik 41ldquoiron wallrdquo 140ndash142Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women (Okin)

55 56Isaacrsquos story 213ISIS (Islamic State in Iraq and Syria) 59 61Islam

Arabization and 14disputes between branches of 65political (See political Islam)recognition of Jewish and Christian

antecedents 11 23n32Islamic Jihad 140 156Islamic Resistance Movement 18Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) 59 61Islamic waqf 8 18 52Islamophobia 5 58 61 157Israel See also Israelis

American alliance with 116 138 139 152 153 217 227n50

American knowledge of 7anti-discrimination laws in 91anti-Palestinian prejudice in 60 61Basic Laws of 113 114Battle of Karameh and 136bilateral challenges of 179 180 182boundaries of 19boycotts and sanctions against (See

boycotts sanctions and divestments (BDS) movement)

casualties of civilians of 55

INDEX

288

citizenship vs nationality 113 114 131control of historic Palestine 9 10 15

16 20democracy claims of 182 183domestic challenges of 180 182 183Egypt invaded by 118 182estimates of Palestinian refugee numbers

by 22n23food shortages and 187 188global challenges for 181 182globalization and 223 224Hamas and 156 183 187 188human rights standards and 242 243human rights violations by 53ndash55

67n24immigration of Arab Jews 112 113invasion by Arab armies 103Iranrsquos alliance with 117 141Jewish identity and 215Jewish immigrants to 34 131 149 152

153Jewish population of xvii xviii n12language struggles in 65militarism 182 223 224military rule of Palestinians 119 120

130 132 191 197 198national framework creation 110ndash114Nazi Germany comparisons 186 188nuclear weapons in 218Occupation by and resistance to 130ndash

134 183occupation of Golan Heights 23n26Occupied Territories and danger to 183

217 218one-state solution and 167operations against Palestinians 182Oslo Accords and 161 164Palestinian citizens of 114 119 120Palestinian elections and 166Palestinian land appropriated by 119peace process and 150ndash153 160 163

164peace treaty with Egypt 140 141peace treaty with Jordan 141PLO recognition by 162price tag attacks in 32

public sector employment discrimination in 132

raids on West Bank and Gaza 117regional challenges of 179 182religious disputes among Jews in 65Russia and 115 116safety in 217ndash219Six Day War and 122ndash124 130 182social services discrimination in 131

132special relationship with Great Britain

and US 98state creation 8 18 86 103 111State of Emergency declared by 119

130tourism 81Turkeyrsquos alliance with 117 141two-state solution and 167victimization emphasis of 73Yom Kippur War and 138ndash140 182young Jews leaving 78

Israel Day Parade 44IsraelPalestine

ancient groups dominating 13 23n39apartheid in (See apartheid)background information 7ndash10complexity of issues in 5 6division of land in 8emigration from 192 203n81 1963findingthetippingpointin241ndash244history of 86human rights issues in (See human

rights)indigenous populations of 14 15Israeli control of 9ndash10 15 16 20 197lessons from the past and 234ndash237media depiction of violence in 5Palestinian population in 9peace process in (See peace process)residents of 9 10search for just peace in 4 6 12size of 8 22n22tools for change in 165 237ndash241

Israeli Apartheid Weeks 239Israeli-Arab wars 113Israeli Defense Forces (IDF)

INDEX

289

Aida refugee camp and 192creation of 92Disengagement Plan and 158expulsion of Palestinians by 8 22n23Jewish immigrants and 34 149killing of Palestinians by 155Operation Protective Edge and 32vandalization of jeep of 44vigilantism and 245n30

Israeli graduate studentrsquos story 184Israeli High Court 157Israeli self-defense as framework 178ndash184

199Israeli settlements

containment and 33danger to settlers in 183 184expansion of 152 182 197 211

225n14 226n17following Six Day War 133 134as human rights violation 53 54labeling of products from 181media coverage of 5numbers of Jews living in 9population of 22 23n26 209 225n14as strategy to control Palestinians 29 30vigilante violence and 32 39

Israeli state early national periodIsraelis during 110ndash114Palestinians during 118ndash122superpowers 114ndash118tragic spiral 122ndash124

Israeli story 109Israeli Supreme Court 31 46nn9amp10 131

191Israeli vs Palestinian deaths 184Israelis See also Israel

blindness of 218 219 236opposed to Occupation 28 36 38 183

193 218self-interest and 243

Israelites 13 14 23n39Italy 64Itamar settlement 183

JJA (Jewish Agency) 87 92 102 234Jabalya refugee camp 142

Jabotinsky Vladimir 140 141 178 181 195 196

Jackson Jesse 60ldquoJaeckesrdquo 75Jaffa Israel 34 35 212Jaffa Muslim-Christian Council 18Jefferson Thomas 68n44Jenin West Bank 161Jericho West Bank 161Jerusalem See also East Jerusalem

Arab Quarter of Old City 71 72binational 243negotiations and 153seam line within 221settler neighborhoods in 134al Walajeh 30 31 133

Jerusalem-Bethlehem corridor 101Jewish Agency (JA) 87 92 102 234Jewish identity 215 216Jewish National Fund (JNF)

fundraising by 89 98 234Jewish Agency and 92Jewish nationality and 114 125n22Judaization and 91land management by 90 91land purchases by 89 94Zionism in the pre-state period and 87

89ndash92Jewish self-defense 177 178 See also

Israeli self-defenseJewish state vs Jewish homeland 7 43 44Jewish Voices for Peace 242Jews See also Israeli settlements Orthodox

Jews ultra-Orthodox Jews Zionism Zionists

admiration for 61American (See American Jews)Arab 59 92 111ndash113assimilation and 74 75 87 101Christians and in pre-modern era 11

12 23n37communities of in Palestine 8 12confrontation and 77 78Ethiopian 92European 73 76 77 80 111ndash113

124German 75 89

INDEX

290

immigrants to Israel 34 131 149 152 153 160

Israeli national rights for 113 114Muslims and prior to Zionism 11 12

23n37new 111 112 192Palestinian 8 12 92 96parallels to African American

experience 62 73ndash76population in Israel xvii xviii n12Promised Land of 8 52reform and 76Russian 152 160shared ancestry with Palestinians 14 15socialism and 76 77Soviet and post-Soviet 92turning on other Jews 44universalism and 46 214world population of 10

Jimmy Carter Center 166JNF See Jewish National Fund (JNF)Johnson Lyndon 124Jordan

Arab Jews in 112army invasion of Israel 103control of West Bank 8 9 104 117

118 135 137in decolonization era 116 117Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104peace treaty with Israel (1994) 141PLO in 136 137refugee camps in 9 10 118 121 137refugeeinfluxto182Six Day War and 123 124Transjordan option and 20 29unrest in 154

Jordan June 56Jordan River and Valley 123 134

241 242Judaism

Constantinian vs prophetic 227n45Herzl and 215 218self-ghettoization and 215 216survival of 220 221

Judaization of the land 11 15 16 42 60 91 131

Judis John 226n23Judt Tony 166

KKafka Franz 216Kahan Commission 138Kanazi Remi 41Karameh Battle of 136Karenrsquos story 210Karon Tony 190 215 220Kasrils Ronnie 186 190Kathleenrsquos story 178 179Kearney Michael 172n96Kennedy John F 149 244Keret Etgar 151Kerry John 44 163 190Khalidi Walid 22n24Khartoum Declaration 19 135 151 159Kibbutz Megido 90King Martin Luther 75 231The Kingdom (film) 62kinship 56 57 68n36Knesset 131 132 140 183 188 218Kramer Martin 187 188Kristalnacht 185Ku Klux Klan 79kuffiyeh factory in Hebron 40Kuhn Thomas 49 132Kurds 65 235Kuwait 144 153 154 159Kweli Talib 62

Llabor

globalization and rights 223 224Jewish vs Palestinian 192 196

laicism 64Lajee Center 42 239Lajun (Palestinian village) 31 90land for peace 133The Land of Israel Past and Present

(Ben Gurion and Ben Zvi) 14Larsquoor Yitzak 61Laurens Henri 208Law and Governance Article 18A 132Law of Return 113 114 125n22 131

152

INDEX

291

The Law In These Parts 187League of Nations

failure to prevent war 51mandatory system 89 95Palestine Mandate 20 89

Lebanonagricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103Christian groups in 138in decolonization era 116 117Israeli invasion of 182Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 137 138 141 142political compromises in 182refugee camps in 9 118 121 137 138

141unrest in 154

legal and advocacy tools for change 238 239

Letters of Mutual Recognition 161 162Leunig Michael 3Levi Primo 185 216Leviev 240Levy Gideon 216Liberia 79 80 81Libya 154Lifta (village) 31 43Likud Party 60Little Town of Bethlehem (film) 231Lubavitcher Jews 77 78Lydda ethnic cleansing of 155 156 211

212

MMadrid Conference 153 159 160Maghreb 112 113Maghrebi neighborhood in East Jerusalem

133Magnes Judah 43 211Maher Bill 57Mahmoud (al Walajeh resident) 30 31Maimonides 214 216Mali 154Malthus Thomas 239Mamdani Mahmood 53 70n81

Mamilla Cemetery Jerusalem 61Mandate Palestine See British Mandatory

PalestineMandela Nelson 50 188 189Mandelbaum Gate 221Mansfield Michael 236 237Maquiladoras 224market systems global 222Marshall George C 103Marx Karl 73 77 216Massachusetts Bay Colony 78Massad Joseph 77Maureenrsquos story 220 224Mauritania 154 160Mavi Marmara (ship) 141 168mawat 134McCarthyism 78McMahon Henry 95media mainstream 4 28Mekorot 240Merchant of Venice (Shakespeare) 74 75Mexico 224Middle Ages 12 23n37militarism 182 223 224Mirarsquos story 216 217Misgav Uri 186Modirsquoin Illit settlement 157Molad 243monotheism 214 220 221Moroccan Quarter in East Jerusalem

133Morocco 154 160Morris Benny 22n24 107n75 186

209 211Motorola sanctions against 240Moving Towards Home (Jordan) 56mowing the lawn 153 168Moynihan Daniel Patrick 228n65Mubarak Hosni 141Multi-National Peacekeeping force

138multiculturalism 55 56 78 79Museum of Tolerance 61Museum on the Seam 221Muslim Brotherhood 156Muslims

Arab 58

INDEX

292

Islamic waqf of 8 18 52Jews and prior to Zionism 11 12

23n37Palestinian factions of 136population transfers 64world population of 10

Mussolini Benito 64My Promised Land (Shavit) 211

NNabi Saleh West Bank

Halamish settlement and 29protests and demonstrations in 183 239spring water access in 29 38 40 183tear gas canister garlands in 241Zionist observations of 212

Nablus West Bank 12 32 46 48n64 161Nader Ralph 5Nakba (the Catastrophe) See also War of

Independenceagreement of facts about 18 24 25n64

180beginning of 102 107n67end of 8 9Israeli school curriculum and 237Jaffa and 34 212Operation Dani in 155 156 170n43Palestinians displaced in 113 155 156

197Palestinians in Israel following 118 119planting over villages destroyed in 90soft Zionism and 211Soviet military aid to Israel during 115statistics on 22n23Zochrot and 43

Nakhleh Khalil 220Nasser Daoud 33Nasser Gamal Abdel 117 118 122ndash124

136Nasserism 97nation and nationalism 50 62ndash66

history of 64 65human rights violations and 64 65language and 65mediating institutions 63 70n76in Middle East 65modern nation states 63 70n74 76

Palestinians and 235prehistory to nationalism 70n80racialclassificationcomparedto64religion and 64Zionism and 235

Nation of Islam 77national identity 113 114National Priority Areas (NPA) 131Native Americans 58 68n44 227n39Nazis 185 186 210Negev Israel

Bedouins in 41 91human rights groups and 4Judaization of 16 41 91 131oil possibilities in 116Palestinian community in 28Peel Commission Report and 99refugees from 24n52

Negotiations Support Unit of PA 51neocolonialism 53 56Nestlersquos boycott against 240Netanyahu Benjamin

Abu Mazen and 151American-Israeli relations and 227n50Bar Ilan University speech and 163Oslo process and 161pacificationofPalestiniansand32post-post-Zionism and 21n21violence and 155

Neuhaus Richard John 70n76ldquonew Jewsrdquo 111 112 192New York Times 5 32NGOs See non-governmental organizations

(NGOs)Nicaragua 183Nilirsquoin (village) 40 183 239911 terrorist attacks 59 61 78 157 163972 Magazine 32Nixon Richard 138Nobel Peace Prize (1979) 140non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

Israeli 28 40 43Palestinian 40 47n35 199social justice and 222 223 229n74tools for change and 237 238

Nordau Max 88 195 196Noriega Manuel 183

INDEX

293

North Africa 112Northern Ireland 12Norway 240NPA (National Priority Areas) 131nuclear weapons 217 218 228n56Nueva Vida 229n75

oObama Barack 79observer entity Palestine as 139 167 181observer state Palestine as 19 165 167

181 218 219Occupation 129ndash144 See also Israeli set-

tlementsas apartheid (See apartheid)bilateral challenges and 179 180domestic challenges and 180effects on agriculture of Palestinians

142 146n81as elephant in the room 6establishment of 86in Israeli textbooks xvIsraelis opposed to 28 36 38 183 193

218Israelrsquos establishment of 130ndash135oppression of Palestinians and 12 15

16 27 28 46n2 90permitting processes in 198planning and implementation of 132

133resistance by Palestinians 5 135ndash138soft Zionism and 211superpowers and 134ndash136tragic spiral and 138ndash144as trap 7witnessing by American Jewish leaders

238Occupied Golan Heights See Golan HeightsOccupied Palestinian Territories See also

Gaza West Bankldquobreak their bonesrdquo Israeli conduct in

150 156containment within 33ndash39dangers to Israel in 183 217 218geographic divides and 154 155 158

191Israeli control of 20

Israelrsquos encouragement of settlements within 54

population in 9 10OCHA (UN Office for the Coordination of

Humanitarian Affairs) 43oil interests 59 115 116ldquooil shockrdquo 139Ojibwa people 227n39Okin Susan Muller 55 56Old New Land (Herzl) 196Old Testament 11ldquoolimrdquo 78Olim Berlin 78Olim Prague 78Olmert Ehud 45 187 190Olympics in Munich (1972) 137Oman 154 160Omar (film) 41one-state solution See also two-state solu-

tionalternatives to 70n87apartheid and 242civil rights struggle and 44 166 167

243increased interest in 66Transjordan option and 20

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 69n54 139

Open Hillels 44 239Operation Cast Lead

criticism of Israel and 182FreeGazaflotillaand168genocide comparisons 186ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163trip to PalestineIsrael during 71Zionist defense of 215

Operation Dani 155 156 170n43Operation Defensive Shield 151 182Operation Pillar of Defense 153 163 182Operation Protective Edge

anti-Semitism and 61BDS and sanctions and 165British support for Gaza in 219cause of 166FreeGazaflotillaand168

INDEX

294

Gaza as a woman and 57genocide comparisons 186Israeli militarism and 182ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163skepticism about 209US suspension of air travel during 239Zionist defense of 215

ldquoOreosrdquo 75Organization of Petroleum Exporting

Countries (OPEC) 69n54 139orientalism 58Orthodox Jews 32 47n40 48n64 77

78 100 101 113 See also ultra-Orthodox Jews

Oslo AccordsCamp David Summit and 162failure of 161 162 164Netanyahu and 161Palestinian acceptance of 19peace process and 155settlement expansion after 152Taba negotiations and 51two-state solution and 65 159 160 161water shortages and 161 164West Bank divisions and 10 104 161

164otherness embracing of 77ndash79Ottoman Empire

Arab revolt against 95 96dismemberment of lands of 94 95end of 76 91 92Herzl and 88land laws 134 141land records from 33ruling of land of IsraelPalestine 13 64Tanzimat reforms 93 94

Oz Amos 212

Ppacification 32 33 99 150Pakistan 64Palestine See also IsraelPalestine

Occupied Palestinian Territories Palestinians

as choice for Jewish homeland 80

Christian communities in 8competing claims on 8 13 52 65 232de-Arabization of 100 102 117history of 234Jewish communities in 8 12 92 96ldquoland without a peoplerdquo 207 225n4news coverage of 5as observer entity 139 167 181as observer state 19 165 167 181 218

219Peel Commission Report and 98 99in pre-state period 96ndash100UN designation of land for 8villages destroyed in 9 22n24 103Zionist immigration to 87 89 91 92

98 100Palestine Arab Congress 97Palestine Arab Delegation 85Palestine Fair Trade Association 40Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

commitments of declared by Arafat 162diverse factions of 136 137elections awaited by 199formation of 122 136as independent national authority 139

140 159Jordan and 136 137Lebanon and 137 138 141 142merging with Fatah 122 136national unity and 243Rabat Declaration and 158two-state solution and 65United States exclusion of 143 144

153 160weakening in Ramallah 158

Palestine National Congress (PNC) 143Palestine Office 91 92Palestine Peace not Apartheid (Carter) 189Palestine Strategy Study Group 243Palestine Zionist Executive 92Palestinian Authority

Adnanrsquos story and 51applications to ICC and ICJ 165 238establishment of 159 161national unity and 243Oslo agreements and 19 164Rome Statue of ICC and 167

INDEX

295

UN and 183 198 199Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) 156Palestinian Legislative Council 166 199

243Palestinian National Council 199 243Palestinian Rebellion 100Palestinian refugees

appropriation of land from 119discrimination against 131Jewish refugees compared to 113numbers of xviii xviii n14 24n52in refugee camps 9 10 104 118 121right of return xviii n14 15at time of Israeli state formation 103

Palestinian story 109 110Palestinian vs Israeli deaths 184Palestinians See also Palestine

in administrative detention 120child-naming practices 23n32Christian 8 9 33 97 183 218civilian casualties 55containment of 33ndash39creativity and resilience of 40ndash43as demographic threat 217 218Diaspora community of 104 239 241discrimination against 131 132distribution in IsraelPalestine 9educational attainment of xviii 28 40

46n6 72 238efforts to pacify 141 142elections held by 165 166expulsion of (See expulsion of

Palestinians)food shortages and 187 188 196General Strike by 98globalization and 223 224Hamas charter statements 18human rights violations by 54 55

67n24internal displacement of 9 24n52 34

90 103 118 119in Israel following Nakba 118 119as Israeli citizens 114 119 120

130ndash132 182 183 191Israeli state creation and 118ndash122killed and wounded in Gaza 32Kuwaitrsquos expulsion of 144

land captured from 92lobbying efforts to British 97as long term residents of IsraelPalestine

13media presentation of 28under military rule 119 120 130 132

191 197 198mob killings by 100 101Muslim 9 97 183national identity of 65 66 96 97 235need for national unity 243Occupation and (See under Occupation)pacificationof3233peace process and 154ndash158 164population of xvii xviii n13in pre-state period 89 96ndash102prohibited to live with spouses 31proverb 231refugees (See Palestinian refugees)as ldquoresidentsrdquo of East Jerusalem 130

133Resolution 242 and 135rock-throwing by children 5safety of 217 219self-determination pursuit by 16shared ancestry with Jews 14 15Six Day War and 124 130stereotypes of 5 7storyofdifficultiesinsharing4ndash6

PalTel 40pan-Arabism 97 117 123 136 235Panama 183Pappe Ilan 186 198Paradise Now (film) 41Paraguay 165particularism 212 213 214 217Partition Plan 102 115 116 141Patinkin Mandy 165Paulrsquos story 27 43peace camp 33 34peace process 149ndash168

changing boundaries and 104failure of 168firstIntifada and 155human rights and 164ndash168Israelis and 150ndash153 160 163 164Palestinians and 154ndash158 164

INDEX

296

superpowers and 153 154tragic spiral 155ndash164United States and 144 152

Peel Commission Report 65 98ndash100 197Peled-Elhanan Nurit xvPeled-Elhanan Smadar xvPeled Matti xvPeled Miko xvPeled Yoav xvpension funds and BDS 240permitting processes 198Peru 165Peterrsquos story 63PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of

Palestine) 136 156Philistines 13Picot Francois Georges 94PIJ (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) 156Pilgrims American 78pine trees planted in Palestine 90pink-washing 47n40Pinochet Augusto 214 215Pitersberg Gabriel 61Plan Dalet (Plan D) 102 103 107n75PLO See Palestine Liberation Organization

(PLO)PNC (Palestine National Congress) 143Poitier Sidney 81n10Poland 64political Islam

American race relations and 59Arab states and 244blacks as superpatriots and 62otherness and 78Palestinianflirtationwith16235pan-Arab unity and 97

politicide 199polytheism 214Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

(PFLP) 136 156population transfers 16 20 54 64 99 197post-post-Zionism 21 22n21post-Zionism 21n21Powell Colin 62pre-state period in history of Zionism

great powers in 93ndash96Palestinians in 96ndash100

tragic spiral 100ndash105Zionists in 87ndash93

present absentees 118 119price tag attacks 32Prince Stephen 177prophetic vs Constantinian Judaism 227n45protection gap 121Proust Marcel 216psychological warfare 188Ptolemy 49

QQalandiya checkpoint 149 235 236Qalqilya West Bank 161Qatar 160Qibya West Bank 117Quakers 240Qurrsquoan 11Quran Fadi 40

RR2P (Responsibility to Protect) 53Rabat Declaration 139 140 159Rabin Yitzhak 155 156 161 162 170n43race 50 56ndash62

anti-Arab racism 59ndash62 196 197blacks as superpatriots 62invidious nature of distinctions 58power and 58 59relations in the United States 59scientificdefinitionof5862as social construction 58 190

racial privilege 58 59racism 59ndash62 181 190 196 197 218Rakeek Mariam Abu 28Ramallah West Bank 28 161 183 241Ramle ethnic cleansing of 155 156Ras a-Tire (village) 157Rashomon effect 177Ravitch Diane 212Rawabi West Bank 223realpolitik 6 233Reconstruction failure of 79Red Scare 78Reel Bad Arabs (documentary) 5reform 75ndash77 81nn9amp10Reformation 87

INDEX

297

refugee campsexpelled Palestinians in 9 10 104 118

121numbers in 24n52rationing of water and electricity to 191in surrounding countries 9 10 24n52

104 118 121 141in West Bank and Gaza 9 24n52 118

Refugee Convention of 1951 121 122Refugee Protocol (1967) 121 122regional power struggles 179religion

human rights and 52 53nationalism and 64

resistance as a tool for change 239Responsibility to Protect (R2P) 53Ricardo David 239Rice Condoleezza 62Richardrsquos story 3 4Rihanna 165Riwaq 40Road Map 163Romania 182Romanov empire 64Rome Statute of ICC 167Roots (TV mini-series) 80Rose Tricia 82n19Ruffalo Mark 165Ruppin Arthur 195 196Russell Tribunal 190 236Russia

alliance with Egypt 137ndash139Cold War and 115global economy and 59Herzl and 88Jewish immigrants from 152 160peace process and 159 160recognition of Israel 116Six Day War and 123 124Sykes-Picot Agreement and 94 95WWI and 88 89

Al Ruwwad Childrenrsquos Dance Theater 42

Sal Sabawi Khaled 42Sabeel 186Sabra 111

Sabra refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Sadat Anwar 140 244safety promise of 216ndash219Said Edward 164ndash166Said-Foqahaa Nader 129 130Salaita Steven 242Samaritans 12 46 48n64Samuel Herbert 88Santayana George 234ldquoSaturday Night Massacrerdquo 138Saudi Arabia 103 116 154 179school bus crash 18secessionist movements 64second (Al Aqsa) Intifada See Intifada

secondsecular humanism 220 221 See also

universalismuniversal humanismSegev Tom 15 111 216self-ghettoization Zionism as 212ndash216separation barrier Israeli

around homes 39attempts to breach 192containment and 33ICJ on 157 218national security as rationale for 156

179Palestinian labor exclusion and 192protests and 40roboticization of 242suicide bombings and 156 171n54

September 11 terrorist attacks See 911 terrorist attacks

service work as a tool for change 239settler only roads 134 191Shaftsbury Earl of 225n4Shah of Iran 141 159Shahian Abdel Aziz 25n74Shakespeare William 74 75Shamir Yitzhak 194Shamir Yoav 181Shapira Anita 24n54 101 107n63Shapira Yonatan 57 231Sharon Ariel

counter-proposal to two-state solution 143

election of 163

INDEX

298

Gazan resistance and 158massacre in Qibya and 117pacificationofWestBankand141refugee camp massacres and 138second Intifada and 157settlement building and 134war on Arab terror and 61

Shatila refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Shavit Ari 101 105n6 180 211 212Sheikh Jerrah East Jerusalem 38 39Shepherd Matthew 210Sherwood Harriet 22 23n26 225n14Shlaim Avi 99Shula Alonirsquos story 189shuttle diplomacy 163Shylock (in Merchant of Venice) 74 75Siegman Henry 218 219Sierra Leone 79Simon Wiesenthal Center 61Sinai Peninsula 134 135 138 139 140Six Day War (1967)

as ldquodefensive warrdquo 123 133expulsions during 197Israeli control of historic Palestine and

9 15 45 124 130 182situation leading to 122ndash124

slavery 5 58 73 76 79Slovak Republic 64Smith Adam 239Smith Charles D 137Sneh Ephraim 180 181 227n50social media positive effects of 222 See

also Facebook postssocialism 76 77 101 110sociocide as term xv 198 199 236 See

also ethnic cleansingsociocidesoft Zionism 211 226n23Somoza Anastasio 183South Africa apartheid system in 12 45

153 186 188ndash193 233 234Soviet Union

Cold War and 114 115 117 118 152collapse of 61 144 152invasion of Hungary 118 124Jews from 92Occupation and resistance and 134

peace process and 159 160spaciocide 199Spain 64 65 159 160 240sperm smuggling 242Spielberg Steven 79Spinoza Baruch 73 216starvation 187 188 196State of Emergency 119 130State Stamp Law (1949) 132Straights of Tiran 123 140Straw Jack 96Streisand Barbara 79The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

(Kuhn) 132Sudan 154Suez Canal 118 123 140 182Suez Crisis xvisuicide bombings xv 55 156 192summer circus camp 42sumud 16supermarket chains and BDS 240superpowers

in ancient IsraelPalestine 13ascollectiveactorinconflict10ndash13in decolonization era 114ndash118misuse of human rights doctrines 53 56Occupation and resistance and 134ndash136peace process and 153 154in pre-state period 93ndash96recent domination in Palestine 13 16two-state solution and 151

Sykes Mark 94Sykes-Picot agreement 88 94ndash97Syria

agricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103civil war in 182claim on Golan Heights 9 23n26 152conflictin18current 141in decolonization era 116 117Egyptrsquos rivalry with 122Fatah support by 122Madrid Conference and 160Palestine imagined as province of 97refugee camps in 9 10 118 121

INDEX

299

refugees from 182Resolution 242 and 139 140Six Day War and 123 124support of Palestinian factions by 122

136unrest in 154Yom Kippur War and 138

TTaba Talks of 2001 162 163Tacitus 149Tahrir Square 222Tamimi Bassem 207 219Tamimi Bilal and Manal 38Tamimi Mostafa 38Tanzimat reforms 93ldquoTaxirdquo (Hammad) 56Taybeh Beer Brewery 40Teach for America 60Tel Aviv boardwalk 35Tel Aviv Israel 43 112 156 193 239Ten Point Program 146n71Tent of Nations 33 34Tessler Mark 17Thant U 123three-family story 194 195Three Norsquos of Khartoum 19 135Thucydides 129Transjordan option 20 25n75transnational market forces 6tribalism 213 214 217Truman Doctrine 115Truman Harry 115 116truth and reconciliation commissions 6Tulkarem West Bank 161 241Tunis Tunisia 143 155Tunisia

Arab Spring in 154Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 138 142 154 155

TurkeyArab Jews in 112aspirations of 179FreeGazaflotillaand168173n117ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140Israeli alliance with 117 141

population transfers and 64Turks See Ottoman EmpireTutu Desmond 3 189 19024 (TV show) 62two-state solution See also one-state

solutionalternatives to 70n87 166apartheid and 190failure of 66First Intifada and 143great powers and 151Green Line and 8 9 19 43human rights standards and 10Israeli settlements and 133 134land division and 43national liberation struggle and 243origins and resurfacing of 65Rabat Declaration and 159Resolution 181 and 235

Tzabar Shimon 129

UUAR (United Arab Republic) 118 122 123UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human

Rights) 50ndash52 56Uganda 8 14 80 87Ukraine 64 92Ulpan plan 92Ulrichrsquos story 185ultra-Orthodox Jews 31 35 77 78 101

See also Orthodox JewsUm al Fahm Israel 194 195Um Kammal 38 39UN Human Rights Commission 61UN Conciliation Commission on Palestine

(UNCCP) 121 122UN General Assembly

admission of PLO 139 167on Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54recognition of Palestine as observer

state 218 219Resolution 181 8 65 101 115

135 235UN High Commissioner for Refugees

(UNHCR) 121 122UN Human Rights Council 181

INDEX

300

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) 43

UN Relief Works Agency (UNRWA) xviii n14 22n23 121 122

UN Security Councilon Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54Resolution 242 134 135 162Resolution 338 162

UNESCO 167 181United Arab Emirates 65United Arab Republic (UAR) 118 122 123United Kingdom 64 65United Nations

at Madrid Conference 160Palestinian Authority and 199partitioning of historic Palestine 8 101

121protocols for protecting refugees 121refugee camps 104Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(UDHR) 50upgrading of Palestinersquos status 181 182Zionism and 214

United StatesAmerican Indians in 58 68n44anti-Arab anti-Muslim prejudice in

59ndash62Arab world awareness in 209Arafat and PLO rejected by 143 144

153 160arms delivery delays by 239BDS precedents in 240Bill of Rights 51blacks as superpatriots in 62blindness and deafness in 236Cold War and 115 117 118 124 139

152colonies in 219Declaration of Independence 68n44Egypt rejected by 117 118GI Bill of Rights 58grassroots social movements in 222Great Society project 228n65human rights standards ignored by 241Immigration and Nationality Act of

1965 58

importanceinconflict243244Israel as liability to 182Israeli-American alliance 116 138 139

152 153 217 227n50Israelrsquos special relationship with 98Jewish community in 44 80 89 91

114 116military aid to Egypt 140Occupation and resistance and 134occupation of Germany 132operations in IsraelPalestine 13 16Palestinian Authority and 161Palestinian elections and 166peace process and 144 152 153

158ndash160race riot responses in 150restrictive immigration policies 111Six Day War and 124suspension of air travel to Tel Aviv 239

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 50ndash52 56

universal jurisdiction 214 215universalismuniversal humanism 46 214

217universities and BDS 240university campuses prejudice on 59 60Uris Leon 208Uruguay 165US State Department 32USAID 229n74Use of Hebrew Date Law (1998) 132Ussishkin Menachem 195 196

VVenezuela 165Veolia 240Verwoerd Hendrik 189veteranrsquos preference 131Vietnam French in 219Vietnam War 134Vietnamese Liberation Front 124vigilantism 32 241 245n30village leagues 141violence

ahistorical presentation of 5resistance and 183state-sponsored 222

INDEX

301

vigilante 32voter suppression 76 82n13

WWadi al Narsquoam Israel 42Wadi Rasha (village) 157Wailing (Western) Wall in Old City 100

112al Walajeh (village) 30 31 133Waltz with Bashir (film) 219Wannsee Conference 187waqf Islamic 8 18 52War of Independence 8 9 103 111 115

116 182 See also Nakba (the Catastrophe)

water shortages 161 164Watergate scandal 138Waxmann Rivka and Haim 109ldquoWe Killed Jesus Wersquore Proud of Itrdquo

(YouTube video) 18Weber Max 49 81n6Weissglass Dov 158 159 187Weizmann Chaim 88 195 196West Bank

division into areas 10 104 161 164efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143efforts to pacify 141firstIntifada and 154 155free trade zones in 224Israeli control of 139 140 150Jewish settlements in 22 23n26 29

133 134 152Jordanian control of 8 9 104 117 118

135 137negotiations and 153new city in 224Palestinian population in 9refugee camps in 9 118Samaritans in 12 46 48n64separation barrier appropriation of land

in 156two-state solution and 159vigilante violence in 32

West Beirut Lebanon 138Western Sahara 154

White Paper of 1921 98 99White Paper of 1939 100 111Who Profits 28 43 239 242Wilson Woodrow 89witchcraft accusations of Pilgrims 78Wolfe Alan 214womenrsquos movement American 222World Trade Organization (WTO) 59 179

222World War I 88 89 94World War II

American occupation of Germany after 132

Great Britain and 104human rights framework and 51 53racial disadvantage after 74reduced to Holocaust 61Zionism and 8 100 101 111

World Zionist Organization (WZO) 87ndash89 234

WTO (the World Trade Organization) 59 179 222

Wye River memorandum 162WZO (World Zionist Organization) 87ndash89

234

YYad Larsquoachim 245n30Yasminersquos story 71 72Yehoshua AB 215Yemen 112 154Yiftachel Oren 243Yishuv 91 100 101 197Yitzachi Aryeh 109Yom Kippur War (1973) 69n54 138 139

182 231 232Young Cynthia 62Yugoslavia 64Yurirsquos story 57Yuvalrsquos story 231 232

ZZangwill Israel 195 196 207 225n4Zapatistas 222Zeidan Mohammad 131Ziadeh Rafif 41

INDEX

302

Zionism 71ndash82 207ndash224 See also pre-state period in history of Zionism Zionists

claim to ownership of IsraelPalestine 13 65 66

as colonization 178contradictions of 195ndash197criticism of 209ethnic cleansing and 196 208ndash212fear of assimilation and 87genocide framework and 186 187global empires and 64globalization and 220ndash224history of 7 8 234 235Holocaust and 8 73 100 101 208ndash211human rights violations and 7inversion of 78ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140 141Israeli-Palestinianconflictand12ndash16

23n38 72 73Jewish homeland vs Jewish state and 7

43 44Jewish identity and 215 216Jewish-Muslim relations prior to 11 12

23n37as Jewish nationalism 235nationalist movement of 66ldquonew Jewsrdquo and 111 112origins of 87

as Palestinian disaster 211parallels to back-to-Africa movement

80 81pioneering mentality 7 21n21psychology of 101rejection of 212 213safety and 216ndash219as self-ghettoization 212ndash216shared ancestry with Palestinians and

14 15Six Day War and 124socialist labor variant of 101universal vs particular in 214 215use of force and 15 24n54

Zionist Commission for Palestine 91 92Zionist Congress eighth (1907) 196Zionist Congress fifth (1901) 89Zionist Congress first (1897) 87 88 196Zionist Organization 87ndash89 91 92 97Zionists See also Zionism

Christian 12 208 225n7expulsion of Palestinians by (See

expulsion of Palestinians)Partition Plan and 102in pre-state period 87ndash93 98 102ldquosoftrdquo 211 226n23in United States 208 225n7

Zochrot (Remembrance) 28 43 237 242Zonszein Mairav 245n30

• REFERENCES
• INDEX

INDEX

281

BDS See boycotts sanctions and divest-ments (BDS) movement

Bedouins 22n24 28 41 42 91 131 243Begin Menachim 102 134 140Beinart Peter 212 238Beisan (Bet Shersquoan) 186Beit-Hallahmi Benjamin 208Beit Shemesh Israel 32Belgium 64 65Ben Gurion David

on aggression and self-defense 178 181creating a national framework and 110

111ethnic cleansing and 194The Land of Israel Past and Present 14partitioning and 99 102ldquounused landrdquo and 110 119Zionist contradictions and 195 196

Ben-Shemen Agricultural School 112Ben Zvi Yitzhak 14 196Bennet Naftali 60 190 202n66Bentham Jeremy 239Berger Peter 70n76Bethlehem West Bank

Aida refugee camp in 42 192 239breakfast in 45Combatants for Peace meeting in 231al Walajeh 30West Bank division and 161YMCA in 41

bi-national state solution 44 115 116 211bilateral challenges 179 180 182Bilirsquoin (village) 40 157 183 239 241biological metaphors 56ndash58 See also raceBirthright 92 193Birzeit University 41Birzeit West Bank 40Black capitalism 77Black Muslims 77Black Noise (Rose) 82n19black rap and hip hop 77 78 82n19black separatism 77Black September 137blacks See African AmericansBlackstone William 52blue boxes 89Bolivia 165

Bolsheviks 89 95Born Palestinian Born Black (Hammad) 56Borochov Ber 14boycotts sanctions and divestments (BDS)

movementbilateral tensions and 180 182as economic tool for change 165

239ndash241as educational tool for change 165endorsement by Israeli professors 218global challenges and 181as non-violent resistance 183in South Africa 192as threat to business 217two-state solution and 166in US and Europe 243

Brandeis Louis 89Brazil 59 165ldquobreak their bonesrdquo policy 150 156Breaking the Silence 36 57 242BRIC nations 59British Empire 13 16 64 80 88 89

94ndash96 See also Great BritainBritish Mandatory Palestine

Balfour Declaration and (See Balfour Declaration)

defined127n82division of 101Israelrsquos allotment of land in 104Jordan and 20period of rule 13 20Six Day War and 124 182 197

British Peel Plan See Peel Commission Report

Bronstein Eitan 43Bruce Lenny 216Bruno Kreisky Institute 243BrsquoTselem

fatality statistics of 55 184 201n28reporting on human rights violations

40 120settlement statistics of 134settler talking points and 29 30Zionism and 214

Buber Martin 7 43 73 211Budrus demonstrations in 183 239Bulgaria 64

INDEX

282

Burg Avraham 46 181 215bus segregation 40 47n40Bush George H W 61 160Bush George W 157 158 166Buttu Diana 216

CCamp David Accords (1978) 140 141 159Camp David Summit (2000) 162Canaanites 13 14Canada 64 65Canada Park 90Carter Jimmy 140 189Catalan nationality 125n24Caterpillar sanctions against 240Central Committee of the Palestinian resist-

ance 137Central Conference of American Rabbis 61Chavez Caesar 5 240checkpoints

emergencies and delays at 179ldquoflyingrdquo188harassment at 36as impediments 191 197 198 199Qalandiya 149 235 236soldiers at 36 57 149

childrenrsquos services Palestinian 41Chile 165China 59 117 118 124 160Christians

anti-Semitism in Europe by 11 12 87Arab 58 59Holy Land of 8 52Jewish relations with in pre-modern era

11 12 23n37in Lebanon 138national identities in Middle East 65Palestinian 8 9 33 97 183 218population transfers 64Zionist 12 208 225n7

churches and BDS 240Churchill Winston 98 99 114circus camp 42civil rights and one-state solution 44 166

167 243civil rights movement American 62 74 75

76 77 222

Civil War American 5Cizling Aharon 185 201n31ldquoclash of civilizationsrdquo 220Clinton Bill 157 162 163Clinton Parameters 162 163co-existence policy 34Cohen Mark 11 12 23n37Cold War

American self-interests in Palestine during 16

end of 61 65human rights and 51Israeli-American alliance in 139non-aligned nations in 117otherness and 78Palestinians and 122Soviet bloc 114 115 117Western bloc 114 115 117world divided by 152

collaborators 32 33 34 55 141collective actors or parties 12 23n38colonialism 53 56 61colonization Zionism as 178Combatants for Peace 231 232 239Communism 114 117 118 124 188complexity as challenge to understanding

5 6confrontation 77ndash79Constantinian vs prophetic Judaism 2

27n45containment 33ndash39contract partnerships and BDS 240Convention on the Elimination of Racial

Discrimination 190Convention on the Prevention and

Punishment of Genocide 187Convention on the Suppression and

Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid 190

Copernicus 49Cox Archibald 138Coyne Jeremy 207Cruz Penelope 165Cunningham Alan 102curfews 56 157 199Custodian of Absentee Property 119 150

234

INDEX

283

Czech Republic 64Czechoslovakia 134

DDachau concentration camp 185DAM 41Darwish Museum 40Dawkins Richard 207Dayan Moshe 178 181de-Arabization of Palestine 100 102 117De Niro Robert 165Declaration of Principles 161 162decolonization era 53 72 76 104 114ndash118Defamation (Shamir) 181defensive war narrative 123Deir Yassin massacre 102democracy 44 45 182 183Democratic Front for the Liberation of

Palestine (DFLP) 136demolition of homes and villages

on Daoud Nasserrsquos land 33green-washing 35in Jaffa 34 35Lajun (village) 90Maghrebi neighborhood 133Mahmoudrsquos house 31in Sheikh Jerrah neighborhood 38 39three-family story 194 195Wadi al Narsquoam (village) 42

Denmark 64Derrida Jacques 216Desert Daughter 41Deutsch Karl 62DFLP (Democratic Front for the Liberation

of Palestine) 136Dheisheh refugee camp 42Diaspora Jewish 13 89 91 215 216Diaspora Palestinian 104 239 241Dimona reactor 115 123dining hall incident 59 60Disengagement Plan 158Djibouti 154Dome of the Rock mosque 157domestic challenges 180Druze 131Dugard John 189 190Dylan Bob 216

EEast Jerusalem

annexation of by Israel 54 133 152 161 225n14

destruction of Maghrebi neighborhood 132 133

Israeli control of 139 150Palestinian residents in 130two-state solution and 159

Eban Abba 16 133 164Economic Efficiency Law of 2009 131economic tools for change 239ndash241Ecuador 165educational tools for change 165 237 238Efrati Eran 242Egypt

Arab Jews in 112 113Arab Spring in 154army invasion of Israel 103aspirations of 179brief control of Palestine (1834) 97control of Gaza 8 9 104 117 118in decolonization era 116 117 118Israeli invasion over Suez canal 118

182peace treaty with Israel 140 141refugee camps in 9 10 118 121Russian alliance with 137 138 139Six Day War and 123 124support of Palestinian factions by 136Syriarsquos rivalry with 122war of attrition with Israel 137Yom Kippur War and 138

Einstein Albert 7 43 73 185 211 216El Al airplane hijackings 137El Salvador 165Electronic Intifada 223Ellis Marc 215 227n45emigration from IsraelPalestine 192 193

203n81Encounter 238England See Great BritainEnlightenment rationalism 87 104 221

222 239environmental degradation 179environmental sustainability 43 52environmentalism 42 43

INDEX

284

Epstein Yitzhak 193 194 196Erdogan Recep Tayyip 173n117eruvin 77 78Ethiopia 92ethnic cleansingsociocide

as framework 193ndash199genocide compared to 187 209of Lyda and Ramle 155 156 211 212Zionism as 209ndash212

ethnocentrism 213 214European Union

boycotts from 218 219 243importanceinconflict243244Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Authority and 161Palestinian elections and 166Palestinian human rights and 181

ldquoEurozionism and its Discontentsrdquo (Pitersberg) 61

Eversquos stories 85 86 149 221exit 79ndash81Exodus (Uris) 81n10 208expulsion of Palestinians

during and after Nakba 8 9 102ndash104indigeneity and 15as Israeli strategy 30 31from Lydda and Ramle 155 156Six Day War and 197statistics on 22n23 113use of force for 15 24n54

extremist groups and views 18 25n65

fFacebook posts 32 78 232facts on the ground 133 152 167 197 209Faculty for Israeli-Palestinian Peace xvFalk Richard 21n4Family Circle of the Bereaved 239family unification 31 114 131 191 242Fanon Franz 136Farouk King (of Egypt) 117Fatah 122 136 156 165 166fear 213 232fedayeen 136fictive kinship 68n36film industry 40 41first Intifada See Intifada first

Fisher Max 228n56Five Broken Cameras (film) 41Flag and Emblem Law (1949) 132food shortages 187 188 196Fourth Geneva Convention Article 49 544th Arab League Summit (1967) 19Foxx Jamie 62frameworks 177ndash199

apartheid 188ndash193ethnic cleansingsociocide 193ndash199genocide 185ndash188human rights 6 7 50 (See also human

rights)Israeli self-defense 178ndash184nationalism 50 (See also nation and

nationalism)race 50 (See also race)for understanding Israeli-Palestinian conflict64950

FranceAlgerian revolution against 115 136

219Dimona reactor and 115Egypt invaded by 118head scarves ban in 70n81laicism in 64Lebanon and Syriarsquos independence from

116Six Day War and 124Sykes-Picot Agreement and 94 95 97in Vietnam 219

Frankfurter Felix 89Free Gaza flotilla 168Free Trade Agreement talks 165Freedom from Fear (Aung San Suu Kyi) 50ldquoFreedom Ridesrdquo 40Freedom Summer 238Freud Sigmund 73 216

GGainsbourg Serge 216Galilee 16 28 99 104 131Galileo 49Garroutte Eva 58Garvey Marcus 79gay rights movement 81n9 210 222Gaza

INDEX

285

depicted as a woman 57destruction in 166 186Disengagement Plan and 158efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143Egyptian control of 8 9 104 117 118firstIntifada and 154 155FreeGazaflotillaand168231genocide and 186health clinics in 199Israeli control of 139 150 158Israeli raid on 117Israeli security concerns and 43Israeli use of violence against 153 158

163Jewish settlements in 152military rule established in 132as open-air prison 191Operation Cast Lead in (See Operation

Cast Lead)Operation Pillar of Defense in 153 163

182Operation Protective Edge in (See

Operation Protective Edge)Palestinian population in 9Peel Commission Report and 99refugee camps in 9 24n52 118 142rocketfirefrom55217218two-state solution and 159UN peacekeepers removed from 123

Gaza Community Mental Health Center 239

Gellner Ernest 62 63 70n77Gelvin James 136 142gender stereotypes 58General Strike 98 235The Generalrsquos Son (Miko Peled) xvgenetic research and claims of indigeneity

14 15Geneva Conventions on the Rules of War

50ndash54 132Geneva Initiative 158 163genocide

ethnic cleansing compared to 187 209as framework 185ndash188

Germany 64 88 89 115GI Bill of Rights 58 74 131

Ginsburg Asher 211globalizationdefined221Zionism and 220ndash224

Go Palestine summer camp 239Golan Heights

Israeli control of 150Israeli settlements in 9 22 23n26 134

152Syrian incursions from 123Syriarsquos claim on 9 23n26 152Yom Kippur War and 138ndash140

Goldstein Baruch 36 155Goldstone Report 67n24Gouldner Alvin 49grassroots social movements 6Great Britain See also British Empire Brit-

ish Mandatory PalestineCold War and 115decolonization of Arab countries 116

117Egypt invaded by 118in India 219during pre-state period 94ndash100 111sanctions against Israel and 165Six Day War and 124state church in 64Truman and 115 116War of Independence and 104

Greece 64Green Linedefinitionof89erased from textbooks 59Israelrsquos boundaries and 19 20Israelrsquos growth to 104road network and 54separation barrier and 33through Jerusalem 221

green-washing 35Guess Whorsquos Coming to Dinner (film)

81n10Gulf of Aqaba 140

HHarsquoam Ahad 211Harsquoaretz 129Haddad Heskel 23n37

INDEX

286

Haganah 92 102Halamish settlement 29Hallowell A Irving 227n39Hamas

execution of collaborators 33Fatah rivalry with 165food shortages and 187ndash188Israeli operations against 151Israelrsquos early supporttolerance of 156

183Palestinian 2006 elections and 163 166

198Palestinian statements in charter 18 60second Intifada and 158

Hammad Suheir 41 56Hammerman Ilana 242Hamoked 238Hapsburg empire 64 76Haram-al-Sharif 71 72 157Harlem Renaissance 74Haysbert Dennis 62health care system Palestinian 41Hebrew language 65Hebrew textbooks 59Hebron West Bank

description and photos of 35ndash37Israeli soldier in 27kuffiyehfactoryin40Orthodox Jews murdered in 100settler neighborhoods in 134West Bank division and 161Zionist observations of 211 212

heritage tourism 80Herzl TheodordefinitionofJewsand215218firstZionistCongressand8788letter from Arab leader to 96quotes of 19 61 71 85Zionist contradictions and 195 196

Herzliya Conference (2010) 187Hidalgo (film) 58 59hijab 58 59Hillel Rabbi 215Hillels campus 44 92 239Hindus 64Hitler Adolf 64 187Hoffman Alice 27

Hohenzollern empire 64 76Holland 240Holocaust

European Islamophobia and 61genocide framework and 186human rights framework and 51 53number killed in 210 226n16self-defense framework and 180 181survivors of (See Holocaust survivors)Zionist movement and 8 73 100 101

208ndash211Holocaust survivors

criticisms of Gaza massacre by 32fear for safety and 216 217Israel as safe haven for 7 111 112Jewish Agency and 92taxes on reparations to 21n20Zionism and 101

ldquohouse in a boxrdquo 39human agency 52 53human rights

environmental sustainability and 43 52as framework for understanding 6 7 15

232 233of groups 55 56inter-state vs intra-state violence and 52international support for 164ndash168Israelrsquos lack of compliance 134key documents 50 52political 51religion and 52 53safety and 217selective application of standards 52

70n81social and economic 51 76 77standards 4 6 7 10 21n4 232 233

241violations of 40 44 53ndash55weak enforcement of 10 52 56

Human Rights Watch 214Hungary 118 124Huntington Samuel 220Hussein bin Ali King 95Hussein King (of Jordan) 122 135 137

139 140 159Hussein-McMahon correspondence 88

94ndash96

INDEX

287

Hussein Saddam 61 143 153 159 160 183

hybridity 58 59

IIbrahimi Mosque 36 155ICC See International Criminal Court (ICC)ICJ See International Court of Justice (ICJ)ideal type 81n6IDF See Israeli Defense Forces (IDF)Illuz Eva 218India 59 64 160 219International Committee of the Red Cross

54international competitions and BDS 240International Court of Justice (ICJ)

and Fourth Geneva Convention Article 49 54

PA application to 165 172n96 238Palestinersquos upgraded status and 181on separation barrier 157 218Zionism and 214

International Criminal Court (ICC)focus on African cases and individuals

53and Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 67n18PA application to 165 167 172n96 238Palestinersquos upgraded status and 181Rome Statute of 167Zionism and 214

International Solidarity Movement 168Intifada first 19 142ndash144 150ndash156Intifada second

beginning of 157 163in history of Palestinian response to

Zionism 235lynching of Israelis during 241911 and 157 158repression of armed struggle in 192results of 158suicide bombings during 156 192

IranAmerican-Israeli relations and 227n50Arab Jews in 112aspirations of 179ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140

Islamic state installed in 141Israeli alliance with 117 141nuclear weapons and 217 218 228n56Sneh on 181

Iran-Iraq War 141 159Iraq 61

Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103current 141in decolonization era 116 117invasion of Iran 141invasion of Kuwait 144 153 159refugees from 182support of Palestinian factions by 136unrest in 154

iron curtain 114Iron Sheik 41ldquoiron wallrdquo 140ndash142Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women (Okin)

55 56Isaacrsquos story 213ISIS (Islamic State in Iraq and Syria) 59 61Islam

Arabization and 14disputes between branches of 65political (See political Islam)recognition of Jewish and Christian

antecedents 11 23n32Islamic Jihad 140 156Islamic Resistance Movement 18Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) 59 61Islamic waqf 8 18 52Islamophobia 5 58 61 157Israel See also Israelis

American alliance with 116 138 139 152 153 217 227n50

American knowledge of 7anti-discrimination laws in 91anti-Palestinian prejudice in 60 61Basic Laws of 113 114Battle of Karameh and 136bilateral challenges of 179 180 182boundaries of 19boycotts and sanctions against (See

boycotts sanctions and divestments (BDS) movement)

casualties of civilians of 55

INDEX

288

citizenship vs nationality 113 114 131control of historic Palestine 9 10 15

16 20democracy claims of 182 183domestic challenges of 180 182 183Egypt invaded by 118 182estimates of Palestinian refugee numbers

by 22n23food shortages and 187 188global challenges for 181 182globalization and 223 224Hamas and 156 183 187 188human rights standards and 242 243human rights violations by 53ndash55

67n24immigration of Arab Jews 112 113invasion by Arab armies 103Iranrsquos alliance with 117 141Jewish identity and 215Jewish immigrants to 34 131 149 152

153Jewish population of xvii xviii n12language struggles in 65militarism 182 223 224military rule of Palestinians 119 120

130 132 191 197 198national framework creation 110ndash114Nazi Germany comparisons 186 188nuclear weapons in 218Occupation by and resistance to 130ndash

134 183occupation of Golan Heights 23n26Occupied Territories and danger to 183

217 218one-state solution and 167operations against Palestinians 182Oslo Accords and 161 164Palestinian citizens of 114 119 120Palestinian elections and 166Palestinian land appropriated by 119peace process and 150ndash153 160 163

164peace treaty with Egypt 140 141peace treaty with Jordan 141PLO recognition by 162price tag attacks in 32

public sector employment discrimination in 132

raids on West Bank and Gaza 117regional challenges of 179 182religious disputes among Jews in 65Russia and 115 116safety in 217ndash219Six Day War and 122ndash124 130 182social services discrimination in 131

132special relationship with Great Britain

and US 98state creation 8 18 86 103 111State of Emergency declared by 119

130tourism 81Turkeyrsquos alliance with 117 141two-state solution and 167victimization emphasis of 73Yom Kippur War and 138ndash140 182young Jews leaving 78

Israel Day Parade 44IsraelPalestine

ancient groups dominating 13 23n39apartheid in (See apartheid)background information 7ndash10complexity of issues in 5 6division of land in 8emigration from 192 203n81 1963findingthetippingpointin241ndash244history of 86human rights issues in (See human

rights)indigenous populations of 14 15Israeli control of 9ndash10 15 16 20 197lessons from the past and 234ndash237media depiction of violence in 5Palestinian population in 9peace process in (See peace process)residents of 9 10search for just peace in 4 6 12size of 8 22n22tools for change in 165 237ndash241

Israeli Apartheid Weeks 239Israeli-Arab wars 113Israeli Defense Forces (IDF)

INDEX

289

Aida refugee camp and 192creation of 92Disengagement Plan and 158expulsion of Palestinians by 8 22n23Jewish immigrants and 34 149killing of Palestinians by 155Operation Protective Edge and 32vandalization of jeep of 44vigilantism and 245n30

Israeli graduate studentrsquos story 184Israeli High Court 157Israeli self-defense as framework 178ndash184

199Israeli settlements

containment and 33danger to settlers in 183 184expansion of 152 182 197 211

225n14 226n17following Six Day War 133 134as human rights violation 53 54labeling of products from 181media coverage of 5numbers of Jews living in 9population of 22 23n26 209 225n14as strategy to control Palestinians 29 30vigilante violence and 32 39

Israeli state early national periodIsraelis during 110ndash114Palestinians during 118ndash122superpowers 114ndash118tragic spiral 122ndash124

Israeli story 109Israeli Supreme Court 31 46nn9amp10 131

191Israeli vs Palestinian deaths 184Israelis See also Israel

blindness of 218 219 236opposed to Occupation 28 36 38 183

193 218self-interest and 243

Israelites 13 14 23n39Italy 64Itamar settlement 183

JJA (Jewish Agency) 87 92 102 234Jabalya refugee camp 142

Jabotinsky Vladimir 140 141 178 181 195 196

Jackson Jesse 60ldquoJaeckesrdquo 75Jaffa Israel 34 35 212Jaffa Muslim-Christian Council 18Jefferson Thomas 68n44Jenin West Bank 161Jericho West Bank 161Jerusalem See also East Jerusalem

Arab Quarter of Old City 71 72binational 243negotiations and 153seam line within 221settler neighborhoods in 134al Walajeh 30 31 133

Jerusalem-Bethlehem corridor 101Jewish Agency (JA) 87 92 102 234Jewish identity 215 216Jewish National Fund (JNF)

fundraising by 89 98 234Jewish Agency and 92Jewish nationality and 114 125n22Judaization and 91land management by 90 91land purchases by 89 94Zionism in the pre-state period and 87

89ndash92Jewish self-defense 177 178 See also

Israeli self-defenseJewish state vs Jewish homeland 7 43 44Jewish Voices for Peace 242Jews See also Israeli settlements Orthodox

Jews ultra-Orthodox Jews Zionism Zionists

admiration for 61American (See American Jews)Arab 59 92 111ndash113assimilation and 74 75 87 101Christians and in pre-modern era 11

12 23n37communities of in Palestine 8 12confrontation and 77 78Ethiopian 92European 73 76 77 80 111ndash113

124German 75 89

INDEX

290

immigrants to Israel 34 131 149 152 153 160

Israeli national rights for 113 114Muslims and prior to Zionism 11 12

23n37new 111 112 192Palestinian 8 12 92 96parallels to African American

experience 62 73ndash76population in Israel xvii xviii n12Promised Land of 8 52reform and 76Russian 152 160shared ancestry with Palestinians 14 15socialism and 76 77Soviet and post-Soviet 92turning on other Jews 44universalism and 46 214world population of 10

Jimmy Carter Center 166JNF See Jewish National Fund (JNF)Johnson Lyndon 124Jordan

Arab Jews in 112army invasion of Israel 103control of West Bank 8 9 104 117

118 135 137in decolonization era 116 117Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104peace treaty with Israel (1994) 141PLO in 136 137refugee camps in 9 10 118 121 137refugeeinfluxto182Six Day War and 123 124Transjordan option and 20 29unrest in 154

Jordan June 56Jordan River and Valley 123 134

241 242Judaism

Constantinian vs prophetic 227n45Herzl and 215 218self-ghettoization and 215 216survival of 220 221

Judaization of the land 11 15 16 42 60 91 131

Judis John 226n23Judt Tony 166

KKafka Franz 216Kahan Commission 138Kanazi Remi 41Karameh Battle of 136Karenrsquos story 210Karon Tony 190 215 220Kasrils Ronnie 186 190Kathleenrsquos story 178 179Kearney Michael 172n96Kennedy John F 149 244Keret Etgar 151Kerry John 44 163 190Khalidi Walid 22n24Khartoum Declaration 19 135 151 159Kibbutz Megido 90King Martin Luther 75 231The Kingdom (film) 62kinship 56 57 68n36Knesset 131 132 140 183 188 218Kramer Martin 187 188Kristalnacht 185Ku Klux Klan 79kuffiyeh factory in Hebron 40Kuhn Thomas 49 132Kurds 65 235Kuwait 144 153 154 159Kweli Talib 62

Llabor

globalization and rights 223 224Jewish vs Palestinian 192 196

laicism 64Lajee Center 42 239Lajun (Palestinian village) 31 90land for peace 133The Land of Israel Past and Present

(Ben Gurion and Ben Zvi) 14Larsquoor Yitzak 61Laurens Henri 208Law and Governance Article 18A 132Law of Return 113 114 125n22 131

152

INDEX

291

The Law In These Parts 187League of Nations

failure to prevent war 51mandatory system 89 95Palestine Mandate 20 89

Lebanonagricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103Christian groups in 138in decolonization era 116 117Israeli invasion of 182Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 137 138 141 142political compromises in 182refugee camps in 9 118 121 137 138

141unrest in 154

legal and advocacy tools for change 238 239

Letters of Mutual Recognition 161 162Leunig Michael 3Levi Primo 185 216Leviev 240Levy Gideon 216Liberia 79 80 81Libya 154Lifta (village) 31 43Likud Party 60Little Town of Bethlehem (film) 231Lubavitcher Jews 77 78Lydda ethnic cleansing of 155 156 211

212

MMadrid Conference 153 159 160Maghreb 112 113Maghrebi neighborhood in East Jerusalem

133Magnes Judah 43 211Maher Bill 57Mahmoud (al Walajeh resident) 30 31Maimonides 214 216Mali 154Malthus Thomas 239Mamdani Mahmood 53 70n81

Mamilla Cemetery Jerusalem 61Mandate Palestine See British Mandatory

PalestineMandela Nelson 50 188 189Mandelbaum Gate 221Mansfield Michael 236 237Maquiladoras 224market systems global 222Marshall George C 103Marx Karl 73 77 216Massachusetts Bay Colony 78Massad Joseph 77Maureenrsquos story 220 224Mauritania 154 160Mavi Marmara (ship) 141 168mawat 134McCarthyism 78McMahon Henry 95media mainstream 4 28Mekorot 240Merchant of Venice (Shakespeare) 74 75Mexico 224Middle Ages 12 23n37militarism 182 223 224Mirarsquos story 216 217Misgav Uri 186Modirsquoin Illit settlement 157Molad 243monotheism 214 220 221Moroccan Quarter in East Jerusalem

133Morocco 154 160Morris Benny 22n24 107n75 186

209 211Motorola sanctions against 240Moving Towards Home (Jordan) 56mowing the lawn 153 168Moynihan Daniel Patrick 228n65Mubarak Hosni 141Multi-National Peacekeeping force

138multiculturalism 55 56 78 79Museum of Tolerance 61Museum on the Seam 221Muslim Brotherhood 156Muslims

Arab 58

INDEX

292

Islamic waqf of 8 18 52Jews and prior to Zionism 11 12

23n37Palestinian factions of 136population transfers 64world population of 10

Mussolini Benito 64My Promised Land (Shavit) 211

NNabi Saleh West Bank

Halamish settlement and 29protests and demonstrations in 183 239spring water access in 29 38 40 183tear gas canister garlands in 241Zionist observations of 212

Nablus West Bank 12 32 46 48n64 161Nader Ralph 5Nakba (the Catastrophe) See also War of

Independenceagreement of facts about 18 24 25n64

180beginning of 102 107n67end of 8 9Israeli school curriculum and 237Jaffa and 34 212Operation Dani in 155 156 170n43Palestinians displaced in 113 155 156

197Palestinians in Israel following 118 119planting over villages destroyed in 90soft Zionism and 211Soviet military aid to Israel during 115statistics on 22n23Zochrot and 43

Nakhleh Khalil 220Nasser Daoud 33Nasser Gamal Abdel 117 118 122ndash124

136Nasserism 97nation and nationalism 50 62ndash66

history of 64 65human rights violations and 64 65language and 65mediating institutions 63 70n76in Middle East 65modern nation states 63 70n74 76

Palestinians and 235prehistory to nationalism 70n80racialclassificationcomparedto64religion and 64Zionism and 235

Nation of Islam 77national identity 113 114National Priority Areas (NPA) 131Native Americans 58 68n44 227n39Nazis 185 186 210Negev Israel

Bedouins in 41 91human rights groups and 4Judaization of 16 41 91 131oil possibilities in 116Palestinian community in 28Peel Commission Report and 99refugees from 24n52

Negotiations Support Unit of PA 51neocolonialism 53 56Nestlersquos boycott against 240Netanyahu Benjamin

Abu Mazen and 151American-Israeli relations and 227n50Bar Ilan University speech and 163Oslo process and 161pacificationofPalestiniansand32post-post-Zionism and 21n21violence and 155

Neuhaus Richard John 70n76ldquonew Jewsrdquo 111 112 192New York Times 5 32NGOs See non-governmental organizations

(NGOs)Nicaragua 183Nilirsquoin (village) 40 183 239911 terrorist attacks 59 61 78 157 163972 Magazine 32Nixon Richard 138Nobel Peace Prize (1979) 140non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

Israeli 28 40 43Palestinian 40 47n35 199social justice and 222 223 229n74tools for change and 237 238

Nordau Max 88 195 196Noriega Manuel 183

INDEX

293

North Africa 112Northern Ireland 12Norway 240NPA (National Priority Areas) 131nuclear weapons 217 218 228n56Nueva Vida 229n75

oObama Barack 79observer entity Palestine as 139 167 181observer state Palestine as 19 165 167

181 218 219Occupation 129ndash144 See also Israeli set-

tlementsas apartheid (See apartheid)bilateral challenges and 179 180domestic challenges and 180effects on agriculture of Palestinians

142 146n81as elephant in the room 6establishment of 86in Israeli textbooks xvIsraelis opposed to 28 36 38 183 193

218Israelrsquos establishment of 130ndash135oppression of Palestinians and 12 15

16 27 28 46n2 90permitting processes in 198planning and implementation of 132

133resistance by Palestinians 5 135ndash138soft Zionism and 211superpowers and 134ndash136tragic spiral and 138ndash144as trap 7witnessing by American Jewish leaders

238Occupied Golan Heights See Golan HeightsOccupied Palestinian Territories See also

Gaza West Bankldquobreak their bonesrdquo Israeli conduct in

150 156containment within 33ndash39dangers to Israel in 183 217 218geographic divides and 154 155 158

191Israeli control of 20

Israelrsquos encouragement of settlements within 54

population in 9 10OCHA (UN Office for the Coordination of

Humanitarian Affairs) 43oil interests 59 115 116ldquooil shockrdquo 139Ojibwa people 227n39Okin Susan Muller 55 56Old New Land (Herzl) 196Old Testament 11ldquoolimrdquo 78Olim Berlin 78Olim Prague 78Olmert Ehud 45 187 190Olympics in Munich (1972) 137Oman 154 160Omar (film) 41one-state solution See also two-state solu-

tionalternatives to 70n87apartheid and 242civil rights struggle and 44 166 167

243increased interest in 66Transjordan option and 20

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 69n54 139

Open Hillels 44 239Operation Cast Lead

criticism of Israel and 182FreeGazaflotillaand168genocide comparisons 186ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163trip to PalestineIsrael during 71Zionist defense of 215

Operation Dani 155 156 170n43Operation Defensive Shield 151 182Operation Pillar of Defense 153 163 182Operation Protective Edge

anti-Semitism and 61BDS and sanctions and 165British support for Gaza in 219cause of 166FreeGazaflotillaand168

INDEX

294

Gaza as a woman and 57genocide comparisons 186Israeli militarism and 182ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163skepticism about 209US suspension of air travel during 239Zionist defense of 215

ldquoOreosrdquo 75Organization of Petroleum Exporting

Countries (OPEC) 69n54 139orientalism 58Orthodox Jews 32 47n40 48n64 77

78 100 101 113 See also ultra-Orthodox Jews

Oslo AccordsCamp David Summit and 162failure of 161 162 164Netanyahu and 161Palestinian acceptance of 19peace process and 155settlement expansion after 152Taba negotiations and 51two-state solution and 65 159 160 161water shortages and 161 164West Bank divisions and 10 104 161

164otherness embracing of 77ndash79Ottoman Empire

Arab revolt against 95 96dismemberment of lands of 94 95end of 76 91 92Herzl and 88land laws 134 141land records from 33ruling of land of IsraelPalestine 13 64Tanzimat reforms 93 94

Oz Amos 212

Ppacification 32 33 99 150Pakistan 64Palestine See also IsraelPalestine

Occupied Palestinian Territories Palestinians

as choice for Jewish homeland 80

Christian communities in 8competing claims on 8 13 52 65 232de-Arabization of 100 102 117history of 234Jewish communities in 8 12 92 96ldquoland without a peoplerdquo 207 225n4news coverage of 5as observer entity 139 167 181as observer state 19 165 167 181 218

219Peel Commission Report and 98 99in pre-state period 96ndash100UN designation of land for 8villages destroyed in 9 22n24 103Zionist immigration to 87 89 91 92

98 100Palestine Arab Congress 97Palestine Arab Delegation 85Palestine Fair Trade Association 40Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

commitments of declared by Arafat 162diverse factions of 136 137elections awaited by 199formation of 122 136as independent national authority 139

140 159Jordan and 136 137Lebanon and 137 138 141 142merging with Fatah 122 136national unity and 243Rabat Declaration and 158two-state solution and 65United States exclusion of 143 144

153 160weakening in Ramallah 158

Palestine National Congress (PNC) 143Palestine Office 91 92Palestine Peace not Apartheid (Carter) 189Palestine Strategy Study Group 243Palestine Zionist Executive 92Palestinian Authority

Adnanrsquos story and 51applications to ICC and ICJ 165 238establishment of 159 161national unity and 243Oslo agreements and 19 164Rome Statue of ICC and 167

INDEX

295

UN and 183 198 199Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) 156Palestinian Legislative Council 166 199

243Palestinian National Council 199 243Palestinian Rebellion 100Palestinian refugees

appropriation of land from 119discrimination against 131Jewish refugees compared to 113numbers of xviii xviii n14 24n52in refugee camps 9 10 104 118 121right of return xviii n14 15at time of Israeli state formation 103

Palestinian story 109 110Palestinian vs Israeli deaths 184Palestinians See also Palestine

in administrative detention 120child-naming practices 23n32Christian 8 9 33 97 183 218civilian casualties 55containment of 33ndash39creativity and resilience of 40ndash43as demographic threat 217 218Diaspora community of 104 239 241discrimination against 131 132distribution in IsraelPalestine 9educational attainment of xviii 28 40

46n6 72 238efforts to pacify 141 142elections held by 165 166expulsion of (See expulsion of

Palestinians)food shortages and 187 188 196General Strike by 98globalization and 223 224Hamas charter statements 18human rights violations by 54 55

67n24internal displacement of 9 24n52 34

90 103 118 119in Israel following Nakba 118 119as Israeli citizens 114 119 120

130ndash132 182 183 191Israeli state creation and 118ndash122killed and wounded in Gaza 32Kuwaitrsquos expulsion of 144

land captured from 92lobbying efforts to British 97as long term residents of IsraelPalestine

13media presentation of 28under military rule 119 120 130 132

191 197 198mob killings by 100 101Muslim 9 97 183national identity of 65 66 96 97 235need for national unity 243Occupation and (See under Occupation)pacificationof3233peace process and 154ndash158 164population of xvii xviii n13in pre-state period 89 96ndash102prohibited to live with spouses 31proverb 231refugees (See Palestinian refugees)as ldquoresidentsrdquo of East Jerusalem 130

133Resolution 242 and 135rock-throwing by children 5safety of 217 219self-determination pursuit by 16shared ancestry with Jews 14 15Six Day War and 124 130stereotypes of 5 7storyofdifficultiesinsharing4ndash6

PalTel 40pan-Arabism 97 117 123 136 235Panama 183Pappe Ilan 186 198Paradise Now (film) 41Paraguay 165particularism 212 213 214 217Partition Plan 102 115 116 141Patinkin Mandy 165Paulrsquos story 27 43peace camp 33 34peace process 149ndash168

changing boundaries and 104failure of 168firstIntifada and 155human rights and 164ndash168Israelis and 150ndash153 160 163 164Palestinians and 154ndash158 164

INDEX

296

superpowers and 153 154tragic spiral 155ndash164United States and 144 152

Peel Commission Report 65 98ndash100 197Peled-Elhanan Nurit xvPeled-Elhanan Smadar xvPeled Matti xvPeled Miko xvPeled Yoav xvpension funds and BDS 240permitting processes 198Peru 165Peterrsquos story 63PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of

Palestine) 136 156Philistines 13Picot Francois Georges 94PIJ (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) 156Pilgrims American 78pine trees planted in Palestine 90pink-washing 47n40Pinochet Augusto 214 215Pitersberg Gabriel 61Plan Dalet (Plan D) 102 103 107n75PLO See Palestine Liberation Organization

(PLO)PNC (Palestine National Congress) 143Poitier Sidney 81n10Poland 64political Islam

American race relations and 59Arab states and 244blacks as superpatriots and 62otherness and 78Palestinianflirtationwith16235pan-Arab unity and 97

politicide 199polytheism 214Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

(PFLP) 136 156population transfers 16 20 54 64 99 197post-post-Zionism 21 22n21post-Zionism 21n21Powell Colin 62pre-state period in history of Zionism

great powers in 93ndash96Palestinians in 96ndash100

tragic spiral 100ndash105Zionists in 87ndash93

present absentees 118 119price tag attacks 32Prince Stephen 177prophetic vs Constantinian Judaism 227n45protection gap 121Proust Marcel 216psychological warfare 188Ptolemy 49

QQalandiya checkpoint 149 235 236Qalqilya West Bank 161Qatar 160Qibya West Bank 117Quakers 240Qurrsquoan 11Quran Fadi 40

RR2P (Responsibility to Protect) 53Rabat Declaration 139 140 159Rabin Yitzhak 155 156 161 162 170n43race 50 56ndash62

anti-Arab racism 59ndash62 196 197blacks as superpatriots 62invidious nature of distinctions 58power and 58 59relations in the United States 59scientificdefinitionof5862as social construction 58 190

racial privilege 58 59racism 59ndash62 181 190 196 197 218Rakeek Mariam Abu 28Ramallah West Bank 28 161 183 241Ramle ethnic cleansing of 155 156Ras a-Tire (village) 157Rashomon effect 177Ravitch Diane 212Rawabi West Bank 223realpolitik 6 233Reconstruction failure of 79Red Scare 78Reel Bad Arabs (documentary) 5reform 75ndash77 81nn9amp10Reformation 87

INDEX

297

refugee campsexpelled Palestinians in 9 10 104 118

121numbers in 24n52rationing of water and electricity to 191in surrounding countries 9 10 24n52

104 118 121 141in West Bank and Gaza 9 24n52 118

Refugee Convention of 1951 121 122Refugee Protocol (1967) 121 122regional power struggles 179religion

human rights and 52 53nationalism and 64

resistance as a tool for change 239Responsibility to Protect (R2P) 53Ricardo David 239Rice Condoleezza 62Richardrsquos story 3 4Rihanna 165Riwaq 40Road Map 163Romania 182Romanov empire 64Rome Statute of ICC 167Roots (TV mini-series) 80Rose Tricia 82n19Ruffalo Mark 165Ruppin Arthur 195 196Russell Tribunal 190 236Russia

alliance with Egypt 137ndash139Cold War and 115global economy and 59Herzl and 88Jewish immigrants from 152 160peace process and 159 160recognition of Israel 116Six Day War and 123 124Sykes-Picot Agreement and 94 95WWI and 88 89

Al Ruwwad Childrenrsquos Dance Theater 42

Sal Sabawi Khaled 42Sabeel 186Sabra 111

Sabra refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Sadat Anwar 140 244safety promise of 216ndash219Said Edward 164ndash166Said-Foqahaa Nader 129 130Salaita Steven 242Samaritans 12 46 48n64Samuel Herbert 88Santayana George 234ldquoSaturday Night Massacrerdquo 138Saudi Arabia 103 116 154 179school bus crash 18secessionist movements 64second (Al Aqsa) Intifada See Intifada

secondsecular humanism 220 221 See also

universalismuniversal humanismSegev Tom 15 111 216self-ghettoization Zionism as 212ndash216separation barrier Israeli

around homes 39attempts to breach 192containment and 33ICJ on 157 218national security as rationale for 156

179Palestinian labor exclusion and 192protests and 40roboticization of 242suicide bombings and 156 171n54

September 11 terrorist attacks See 911 terrorist attacks

service work as a tool for change 239settler only roads 134 191Shaftsbury Earl of 225n4Shah of Iran 141 159Shahian Abdel Aziz 25n74Shakespeare William 74 75Shamir Yitzhak 194Shamir Yoav 181Shapira Anita 24n54 101 107n63Shapira Yonatan 57 231Sharon Ariel

counter-proposal to two-state solution 143

election of 163

INDEX

298

Gazan resistance and 158massacre in Qibya and 117pacificationofWestBankand141refugee camp massacres and 138second Intifada and 157settlement building and 134war on Arab terror and 61

Shatila refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Shavit Ari 101 105n6 180 211 212Sheikh Jerrah East Jerusalem 38 39Shepherd Matthew 210Sherwood Harriet 22 23n26 225n14Shlaim Avi 99Shula Alonirsquos story 189shuttle diplomacy 163Shylock (in Merchant of Venice) 74 75Siegman Henry 218 219Sierra Leone 79Simon Wiesenthal Center 61Sinai Peninsula 134 135 138 139 140Six Day War (1967)

as ldquodefensive warrdquo 123 133expulsions during 197Israeli control of historic Palestine and

9 15 45 124 130 182situation leading to 122ndash124

slavery 5 58 73 76 79Slovak Republic 64Smith Adam 239Smith Charles D 137Sneh Ephraim 180 181 227n50social media positive effects of 222 See

also Facebook postssocialism 76 77 101 110sociocide as term xv 198 199 236 See

also ethnic cleansingsociocidesoft Zionism 211 226n23Somoza Anastasio 183South Africa apartheid system in 12 45

153 186 188ndash193 233 234Soviet Union

Cold War and 114 115 117 118 152collapse of 61 144 152invasion of Hungary 118 124Jews from 92Occupation and resistance and 134

peace process and 159 160spaciocide 199Spain 64 65 159 160 240sperm smuggling 242Spielberg Steven 79Spinoza Baruch 73 216starvation 187 188 196State of Emergency 119 130State Stamp Law (1949) 132Straights of Tiran 123 140Straw Jack 96Streisand Barbara 79The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

(Kuhn) 132Sudan 154Suez Canal 118 123 140 182Suez Crisis xvisuicide bombings xv 55 156 192summer circus camp 42sumud 16supermarket chains and BDS 240superpowers

in ancient IsraelPalestine 13ascollectiveactorinconflict10ndash13in decolonization era 114ndash118misuse of human rights doctrines 53 56Occupation and resistance and 134ndash136peace process and 153 154in pre-state period 93ndash96recent domination in Palestine 13 16two-state solution and 151

Sykes Mark 94Sykes-Picot agreement 88 94ndash97Syria

agricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103civil war in 182claim on Golan Heights 9 23n26 152conflictin18current 141in decolonization era 116 117Egyptrsquos rivalry with 122Fatah support by 122Madrid Conference and 160Palestine imagined as province of 97refugee camps in 9 10 118 121

INDEX

299

refugees from 182Resolution 242 and 139 140Six Day War and 123 124support of Palestinian factions by 122

136unrest in 154Yom Kippur War and 138

TTaba Talks of 2001 162 163Tacitus 149Tahrir Square 222Tamimi Bassem 207 219Tamimi Bilal and Manal 38Tamimi Mostafa 38Tanzimat reforms 93ldquoTaxirdquo (Hammad) 56Taybeh Beer Brewery 40Teach for America 60Tel Aviv boardwalk 35Tel Aviv Israel 43 112 156 193 239Ten Point Program 146n71Tent of Nations 33 34Tessler Mark 17Thant U 123three-family story 194 195Three Norsquos of Khartoum 19 135Thucydides 129Transjordan option 20 25n75transnational market forces 6tribalism 213 214 217Truman Doctrine 115Truman Harry 115 116truth and reconciliation commissions 6Tulkarem West Bank 161 241Tunis Tunisia 143 155Tunisia

Arab Spring in 154Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 138 142 154 155

TurkeyArab Jews in 112aspirations of 179FreeGazaflotillaand168173n117ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140Israeli alliance with 117 141

population transfers and 64Turks See Ottoman EmpireTutu Desmond 3 189 19024 (TV show) 62two-state solution See also one-state

solutionalternatives to 70n87 166apartheid and 190failure of 66First Intifada and 143great powers and 151Green Line and 8 9 19 43human rights standards and 10Israeli settlements and 133 134land division and 43national liberation struggle and 243origins and resurfacing of 65Rabat Declaration and 159Resolution 181 and 235

Tzabar Shimon 129

UUAR (United Arab Republic) 118 122 123UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human

Rights) 50ndash52 56Uganda 8 14 80 87Ukraine 64 92Ulpan plan 92Ulrichrsquos story 185ultra-Orthodox Jews 31 35 77 78 101

See also Orthodox JewsUm al Fahm Israel 194 195Um Kammal 38 39UN Human Rights Commission 61UN Conciliation Commission on Palestine

(UNCCP) 121 122UN General Assembly

admission of PLO 139 167on Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54recognition of Palestine as observer

state 218 219Resolution 181 8 65 101 115

135 235UN High Commissioner for Refugees

(UNHCR) 121 122UN Human Rights Council 181

INDEX

300

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) 43

UN Relief Works Agency (UNRWA) xviii n14 22n23 121 122

UN Security Councilon Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54Resolution 242 134 135 162Resolution 338 162

UNESCO 167 181United Arab Emirates 65United Arab Republic (UAR) 118 122 123United Kingdom 64 65United Nations

at Madrid Conference 160Palestinian Authority and 199partitioning of historic Palestine 8 101

121protocols for protecting refugees 121refugee camps 104Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(UDHR) 50upgrading of Palestinersquos status 181 182Zionism and 214

United StatesAmerican Indians in 58 68n44anti-Arab anti-Muslim prejudice in

59ndash62Arab world awareness in 209Arafat and PLO rejected by 143 144

153 160arms delivery delays by 239BDS precedents in 240Bill of Rights 51blacks as superpatriots in 62blindness and deafness in 236Cold War and 115 117 118 124 139

152colonies in 219Declaration of Independence 68n44Egypt rejected by 117 118GI Bill of Rights 58grassroots social movements in 222Great Society project 228n65human rights standards ignored by 241Immigration and Nationality Act of

1965 58

importanceinconflict243244Israel as liability to 182Israeli-American alliance 116 138 139

152 153 217 227n50Israelrsquos special relationship with 98Jewish community in 44 80 89 91

114 116military aid to Egypt 140Occupation and resistance and 134occupation of Germany 132operations in IsraelPalestine 13 16Palestinian Authority and 161Palestinian elections and 166peace process and 144 152 153

158ndash160race riot responses in 150restrictive immigration policies 111Six Day War and 124suspension of air travel to Tel Aviv 239

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 50ndash52 56

universal jurisdiction 214 215universalismuniversal humanism 46 214

217universities and BDS 240university campuses prejudice on 59 60Uris Leon 208Uruguay 165US State Department 32USAID 229n74Use of Hebrew Date Law (1998) 132Ussishkin Menachem 195 196

VVenezuela 165Veolia 240Verwoerd Hendrik 189veteranrsquos preference 131Vietnam French in 219Vietnam War 134Vietnamese Liberation Front 124vigilantism 32 241 245n30village leagues 141violence

ahistorical presentation of 5resistance and 183state-sponsored 222

INDEX

301

vigilante 32voter suppression 76 82n13

WWadi al Narsquoam Israel 42Wadi Rasha (village) 157Wailing (Western) Wall in Old City 100

112al Walajeh (village) 30 31 133Waltz with Bashir (film) 219Wannsee Conference 187waqf Islamic 8 18 52War of Independence 8 9 103 111 115

116 182 See also Nakba (the Catastrophe)

water shortages 161 164Watergate scandal 138Waxmann Rivka and Haim 109ldquoWe Killed Jesus Wersquore Proud of Itrdquo

(YouTube video) 18Weber Max 49 81n6Weissglass Dov 158 159 187Weizmann Chaim 88 195 196West Bank

division into areas 10 104 161 164efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143efforts to pacify 141firstIntifada and 154 155free trade zones in 224Israeli control of 139 140 150Jewish settlements in 22 23n26 29

133 134 152Jordanian control of 8 9 104 117 118

135 137negotiations and 153new city in 224Palestinian population in 9refugee camps in 9 118Samaritans in 12 46 48n64separation barrier appropriation of land

in 156two-state solution and 159vigilante violence in 32

West Beirut Lebanon 138Western Sahara 154

White Paper of 1921 98 99White Paper of 1939 100 111Who Profits 28 43 239 242Wilson Woodrow 89witchcraft accusations of Pilgrims 78Wolfe Alan 214womenrsquos movement American 222World Trade Organization (WTO) 59 179

222World War I 88 89 94World War II

American occupation of Germany after 132

Great Britain and 104human rights framework and 51 53racial disadvantage after 74reduced to Holocaust 61Zionism and 8 100 101 111

World Zionist Organization (WZO) 87ndash89 234

WTO (the World Trade Organization) 59 179 222

Wye River memorandum 162WZO (World Zionist Organization) 87ndash89

234

YYad Larsquoachim 245n30Yasminersquos story 71 72Yehoshua AB 215Yemen 112 154Yiftachel Oren 243Yishuv 91 100 101 197Yitzachi Aryeh 109Yom Kippur War (1973) 69n54 138 139

182 231 232Young Cynthia 62Yugoslavia 64Yurirsquos story 57Yuvalrsquos story 231 232

ZZangwill Israel 195 196 207 225n4Zapatistas 222Zeidan Mohammad 131Ziadeh Rafif 41

INDEX

302

Zionism 71ndash82 207ndash224 See also pre-state period in history of Zionism Zionists

claim to ownership of IsraelPalestine 13 65 66

as colonization 178contradictions of 195ndash197criticism of 209ethnic cleansing and 196 208ndash212fear of assimilation and 87genocide framework and 186 187global empires and 64globalization and 220ndash224history of 7 8 234 235Holocaust and 8 73 100 101 208ndash211human rights violations and 7inversion of 78ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140 141Israeli-Palestinianconflictand12ndash16

23n38 72 73Jewish homeland vs Jewish state and 7

43 44Jewish identity and 215 216Jewish-Muslim relations prior to 11 12

23n37as Jewish nationalism 235nationalist movement of 66ldquonew Jewsrdquo and 111 112origins of 87

as Palestinian disaster 211parallels to back-to-Africa movement

80 81pioneering mentality 7 21n21psychology of 101rejection of 212 213safety and 216ndash219as self-ghettoization 212ndash216shared ancestry with Palestinians and

14 15Six Day War and 124socialist labor variant of 101universal vs particular in 214 215use of force and 15 24n54

Zionist Commission for Palestine 91 92Zionist Congress eighth (1907) 196Zionist Congress fifth (1901) 89Zionist Congress first (1897) 87 88 196Zionist Organization 87ndash89 91 92 97Zionists See also Zionism

Christian 12 208 225n7expulsion of Palestinians by (See

expulsion of Palestinians)Partition Plan and 102in pre-state period 87ndash93 98 102ldquosoftrdquo 211 226n23in United States 208 225n7

Zochrot (Remembrance) 28 43 237 242Zonszein Mairav 245n30

• REFERENCES
• INDEX

INDEX

282

Burg Avraham 46 181 215bus segregation 40 47n40Bush George H W 61 160Bush George W 157 158 166Buttu Diana 216

CCamp David Accords (1978) 140 141 159Camp David Summit (2000) 162Canaanites 13 14Canada 64 65Canada Park 90Carter Jimmy 140 189Catalan nationality 125n24Caterpillar sanctions against 240Central Committee of the Palestinian resist-

ance 137Central Conference of American Rabbis 61Chavez Caesar 5 240checkpoints

emergencies and delays at 179ldquoflyingrdquo188harassment at 36as impediments 191 197 198 199Qalandiya 149 235 236soldiers at 36 57 149

childrenrsquos services Palestinian 41Chile 165China 59 117 118 124 160Christians

anti-Semitism in Europe by 11 12 87Arab 58 59Holy Land of 8 52Jewish relations with in pre-modern era

11 12 23n37in Lebanon 138national identities in Middle East 65Palestinian 8 9 33 97 183 218population transfers 64Zionist 12 208 225n7

churches and BDS 240Churchill Winston 98 99 114circus camp 42civil rights and one-state solution 44 166

167 243civil rights movement American 62 74 75

76 77 222

Civil War American 5Cizling Aharon 185 201n31ldquoclash of civilizationsrdquo 220Clinton Bill 157 162 163Clinton Parameters 162 163co-existence policy 34Cohen Mark 11 12 23n37Cold War

American self-interests in Palestine during 16

end of 61 65human rights and 51Israeli-American alliance in 139non-aligned nations in 117otherness and 78Palestinians and 122Soviet bloc 114 115 117Western bloc 114 115 117world divided by 152

collaborators 32 33 34 55 141collective actors or parties 12 23n38colonialism 53 56 61colonization Zionism as 178Combatants for Peace 231 232 239Communism 114 117 118 124 188complexity as challenge to understanding

5 6confrontation 77ndash79Constantinian vs prophetic Judaism 2

27n45containment 33ndash39contract partnerships and BDS 240Convention on the Elimination of Racial

Discrimination 190Convention on the Prevention and

Punishment of Genocide 187Convention on the Suppression and

Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid 190

Copernicus 49Cox Archibald 138Coyne Jeremy 207Cruz Penelope 165Cunningham Alan 102curfews 56 157 199Custodian of Absentee Property 119 150

234

INDEX

283

Czech Republic 64Czechoslovakia 134

DDachau concentration camp 185DAM 41Darwish Museum 40Dawkins Richard 207Dayan Moshe 178 181de-Arabization of Palestine 100 102 117De Niro Robert 165Declaration of Principles 161 162decolonization era 53 72 76 104 114ndash118Defamation (Shamir) 181defensive war narrative 123Deir Yassin massacre 102democracy 44 45 182 183Democratic Front for the Liberation of

Palestine (DFLP) 136demolition of homes and villages

on Daoud Nasserrsquos land 33green-washing 35in Jaffa 34 35Lajun (village) 90Maghrebi neighborhood 133Mahmoudrsquos house 31in Sheikh Jerrah neighborhood 38 39three-family story 194 195Wadi al Narsquoam (village) 42

Denmark 64Derrida Jacques 216Desert Daughter 41Deutsch Karl 62DFLP (Democratic Front for the Liberation

of Palestine) 136Dheisheh refugee camp 42Diaspora Jewish 13 89 91 215 216Diaspora Palestinian 104 239 241Dimona reactor 115 123dining hall incident 59 60Disengagement Plan 158Djibouti 154Dome of the Rock mosque 157domestic challenges 180Druze 131Dugard John 189 190Dylan Bob 216

EEast Jerusalem

annexation of by Israel 54 133 152 161 225n14

destruction of Maghrebi neighborhood 132 133

Israeli control of 139 150Palestinian residents in 130two-state solution and 159

Eban Abba 16 133 164Economic Efficiency Law of 2009 131economic tools for change 239ndash241Ecuador 165educational tools for change 165 237 238Efrati Eran 242Egypt

Arab Jews in 112 113Arab Spring in 154army invasion of Israel 103aspirations of 179brief control of Palestine (1834) 97control of Gaza 8 9 104 117 118in decolonization era 116 117 118Israeli invasion over Suez canal 118

182peace treaty with Israel 140 141refugee camps in 9 10 118 121Russian alliance with 137 138 139Six Day War and 123 124support of Palestinian factions by 136Syriarsquos rivalry with 122war of attrition with Israel 137Yom Kippur War and 138

Einstein Albert 7 43 73 185 211 216El Al airplane hijackings 137El Salvador 165Electronic Intifada 223Ellis Marc 215 227n45emigration from IsraelPalestine 192 193

203n81Encounter 238England See Great BritainEnlightenment rationalism 87 104 221

222 239environmental degradation 179environmental sustainability 43 52environmentalism 42 43

INDEX

284

Epstein Yitzhak 193 194 196Erdogan Recep Tayyip 173n117eruvin 77 78Ethiopia 92ethnic cleansingsociocide

as framework 193ndash199genocide compared to 187 209of Lyda and Ramle 155 156 211 212Zionism as 209ndash212

ethnocentrism 213 214European Union

boycotts from 218 219 243importanceinconflict243244Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Authority and 161Palestinian elections and 166Palestinian human rights and 181

ldquoEurozionism and its Discontentsrdquo (Pitersberg) 61

Eversquos stories 85 86 149 221exit 79ndash81Exodus (Uris) 81n10 208expulsion of Palestinians

during and after Nakba 8 9 102ndash104indigeneity and 15as Israeli strategy 30 31from Lydda and Ramle 155 156Six Day War and 197statistics on 22n23 113use of force for 15 24n54

extremist groups and views 18 25n65

fFacebook posts 32 78 232facts on the ground 133 152 167 197 209Faculty for Israeli-Palestinian Peace xvFalk Richard 21n4Family Circle of the Bereaved 239family unification 31 114 131 191 242Fanon Franz 136Farouk King (of Egypt) 117Fatah 122 136 156 165 166fear 213 232fedayeen 136fictive kinship 68n36film industry 40 41first Intifada See Intifada first

Fisher Max 228n56Five Broken Cameras (film) 41Flag and Emblem Law (1949) 132food shortages 187 188 196Fourth Geneva Convention Article 49 544th Arab League Summit (1967) 19Foxx Jamie 62frameworks 177ndash199

apartheid 188ndash193ethnic cleansingsociocide 193ndash199genocide 185ndash188human rights 6 7 50 (See also human

rights)Israeli self-defense 178ndash184nationalism 50 (See also nation and

nationalism)race 50 (See also race)for understanding Israeli-Palestinian conflict64950

FranceAlgerian revolution against 115 136

219Dimona reactor and 115Egypt invaded by 118head scarves ban in 70n81laicism in 64Lebanon and Syriarsquos independence from

116Six Day War and 124Sykes-Picot Agreement and 94 95 97in Vietnam 219

Frankfurter Felix 89Free Gaza flotilla 168Free Trade Agreement talks 165Freedom from Fear (Aung San Suu Kyi) 50ldquoFreedom Ridesrdquo 40Freedom Summer 238Freud Sigmund 73 216

GGainsbourg Serge 216Galilee 16 28 99 104 131Galileo 49Garroutte Eva 58Garvey Marcus 79gay rights movement 81n9 210 222Gaza

INDEX

285

depicted as a woman 57destruction in 166 186Disengagement Plan and 158efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143Egyptian control of 8 9 104 117 118firstIntifada and 154 155FreeGazaflotillaand168231genocide and 186health clinics in 199Israeli control of 139 150 158Israeli raid on 117Israeli security concerns and 43Israeli use of violence against 153 158

163Jewish settlements in 152military rule established in 132as open-air prison 191Operation Cast Lead in (See Operation

Cast Lead)Operation Pillar of Defense in 153 163

182Operation Protective Edge in (See

Operation Protective Edge)Palestinian population in 9Peel Commission Report and 99refugee camps in 9 24n52 118 142rocketfirefrom55217218two-state solution and 159UN peacekeepers removed from 123

Gaza Community Mental Health Center 239

Gellner Ernest 62 63 70n77Gelvin James 136 142gender stereotypes 58General Strike 98 235The Generalrsquos Son (Miko Peled) xvgenetic research and claims of indigeneity

14 15Geneva Conventions on the Rules of War

50ndash54 132Geneva Initiative 158 163genocide

ethnic cleansing compared to 187 209as framework 185ndash188

Germany 64 88 89 115GI Bill of Rights 58 74 131

Ginsburg Asher 211globalizationdefined221Zionism and 220ndash224

Go Palestine summer camp 239Golan Heights

Israeli control of 150Israeli settlements in 9 22 23n26 134

152Syrian incursions from 123Syriarsquos claim on 9 23n26 152Yom Kippur War and 138ndash140

Goldstein Baruch 36 155Goldstone Report 67n24Gouldner Alvin 49grassroots social movements 6Great Britain See also British Empire Brit-

ish Mandatory PalestineCold War and 115decolonization of Arab countries 116

117Egypt invaded by 118in India 219during pre-state period 94ndash100 111sanctions against Israel and 165Six Day War and 124state church in 64Truman and 115 116War of Independence and 104

Greece 64Green Linedefinitionof89erased from textbooks 59Israelrsquos boundaries and 19 20Israelrsquos growth to 104road network and 54separation barrier and 33through Jerusalem 221

green-washing 35Guess Whorsquos Coming to Dinner (film)

81n10Gulf of Aqaba 140

HHarsquoam Ahad 211Harsquoaretz 129Haddad Heskel 23n37

INDEX

286

Haganah 92 102Halamish settlement 29Hallowell A Irving 227n39Hamas

execution of collaborators 33Fatah rivalry with 165food shortages and 187ndash188Israeli operations against 151Israelrsquos early supporttolerance of 156

183Palestinian 2006 elections and 163 166

198Palestinian statements in charter 18 60second Intifada and 158

Hammad Suheir 41 56Hammerman Ilana 242Hamoked 238Hapsburg empire 64 76Haram-al-Sharif 71 72 157Harlem Renaissance 74Haysbert Dennis 62health care system Palestinian 41Hebrew language 65Hebrew textbooks 59Hebron West Bank

description and photos of 35ndash37Israeli soldier in 27kuffiyehfactoryin40Orthodox Jews murdered in 100settler neighborhoods in 134West Bank division and 161Zionist observations of 211 212

heritage tourism 80Herzl TheodordefinitionofJewsand215218firstZionistCongressand8788letter from Arab leader to 96quotes of 19 61 71 85Zionist contradictions and 195 196

Herzliya Conference (2010) 187Hidalgo (film) 58 59hijab 58 59Hillel Rabbi 215Hillels campus 44 92 239Hindus 64Hitler Adolf 64 187Hoffman Alice 27

Hohenzollern empire 64 76Holland 240Holocaust

European Islamophobia and 61genocide framework and 186human rights framework and 51 53number killed in 210 226n16self-defense framework and 180 181survivors of (See Holocaust survivors)Zionist movement and 8 73 100 101

208ndash211Holocaust survivors

criticisms of Gaza massacre by 32fear for safety and 216 217Israel as safe haven for 7 111 112Jewish Agency and 92taxes on reparations to 21n20Zionism and 101

ldquohouse in a boxrdquo 39human agency 52 53human rights

environmental sustainability and 43 52as framework for understanding 6 7 15

232 233of groups 55 56inter-state vs intra-state violence and 52international support for 164ndash168Israelrsquos lack of compliance 134key documents 50 52political 51religion and 52 53safety and 217selective application of standards 52

70n81social and economic 51 76 77standards 4 6 7 10 21n4 232 233

241violations of 40 44 53ndash55weak enforcement of 10 52 56

Human Rights Watch 214Hungary 118 124Huntington Samuel 220Hussein bin Ali King 95Hussein King (of Jordan) 122 135 137

139 140 159Hussein-McMahon correspondence 88

94ndash96

INDEX

287

Hussein Saddam 61 143 153 159 160 183

hybridity 58 59

IIbrahimi Mosque 36 155ICC See International Criminal Court (ICC)ICJ See International Court of Justice (ICJ)ideal type 81n6IDF See Israeli Defense Forces (IDF)Illuz Eva 218India 59 64 160 219International Committee of the Red Cross

54international competitions and BDS 240International Court of Justice (ICJ)

and Fourth Geneva Convention Article 49 54

PA application to 165 172n96 238Palestinersquos upgraded status and 181on separation barrier 157 218Zionism and 214

International Criminal Court (ICC)focus on African cases and individuals

53and Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 67n18PA application to 165 167 172n96 238Palestinersquos upgraded status and 181Rome Statute of 167Zionism and 214

International Solidarity Movement 168Intifada first 19 142ndash144 150ndash156Intifada second

beginning of 157 163in history of Palestinian response to

Zionism 235lynching of Israelis during 241911 and 157 158repression of armed struggle in 192results of 158suicide bombings during 156 192

IranAmerican-Israeli relations and 227n50Arab Jews in 112aspirations of 179ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140

Islamic state installed in 141Israeli alliance with 117 141nuclear weapons and 217 218 228n56Sneh on 181

Iran-Iraq War 141 159Iraq 61

Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103current 141in decolonization era 116 117invasion of Iran 141invasion of Kuwait 144 153 159refugees from 182support of Palestinian factions by 136unrest in 154

iron curtain 114Iron Sheik 41ldquoiron wallrdquo 140ndash142Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women (Okin)

55 56Isaacrsquos story 213ISIS (Islamic State in Iraq and Syria) 59 61Islam

Arabization and 14disputes between branches of 65political (See political Islam)recognition of Jewish and Christian

antecedents 11 23n32Islamic Jihad 140 156Islamic Resistance Movement 18Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) 59 61Islamic waqf 8 18 52Islamophobia 5 58 61 157Israel See also Israelis

American alliance with 116 138 139 152 153 217 227n50

American knowledge of 7anti-discrimination laws in 91anti-Palestinian prejudice in 60 61Basic Laws of 113 114Battle of Karameh and 136bilateral challenges of 179 180 182boundaries of 19boycotts and sanctions against (See

boycotts sanctions and divestments (BDS) movement)

casualties of civilians of 55

INDEX

288

citizenship vs nationality 113 114 131control of historic Palestine 9 10 15

16 20democracy claims of 182 183domestic challenges of 180 182 183Egypt invaded by 118 182estimates of Palestinian refugee numbers

by 22n23food shortages and 187 188global challenges for 181 182globalization and 223 224Hamas and 156 183 187 188human rights standards and 242 243human rights violations by 53ndash55

67n24immigration of Arab Jews 112 113invasion by Arab armies 103Iranrsquos alliance with 117 141Jewish identity and 215Jewish immigrants to 34 131 149 152

153Jewish population of xvii xviii n12language struggles in 65militarism 182 223 224military rule of Palestinians 119 120

130 132 191 197 198national framework creation 110ndash114Nazi Germany comparisons 186 188nuclear weapons in 218Occupation by and resistance to 130ndash

134 183occupation of Golan Heights 23n26Occupied Territories and danger to 183

217 218one-state solution and 167operations against Palestinians 182Oslo Accords and 161 164Palestinian citizens of 114 119 120Palestinian elections and 166Palestinian land appropriated by 119peace process and 150ndash153 160 163

164peace treaty with Egypt 140 141peace treaty with Jordan 141PLO recognition by 162price tag attacks in 32

public sector employment discrimination in 132

raids on West Bank and Gaza 117regional challenges of 179 182religious disputes among Jews in 65Russia and 115 116safety in 217ndash219Six Day War and 122ndash124 130 182social services discrimination in 131

132special relationship with Great Britain

and US 98state creation 8 18 86 103 111State of Emergency declared by 119

130tourism 81Turkeyrsquos alliance with 117 141two-state solution and 167victimization emphasis of 73Yom Kippur War and 138ndash140 182young Jews leaving 78

Israel Day Parade 44IsraelPalestine

ancient groups dominating 13 23n39apartheid in (See apartheid)background information 7ndash10complexity of issues in 5 6division of land in 8emigration from 192 203n81 1963findingthetippingpointin241ndash244history of 86human rights issues in (See human

rights)indigenous populations of 14 15Israeli control of 9ndash10 15 16 20 197lessons from the past and 234ndash237media depiction of violence in 5Palestinian population in 9peace process in (See peace process)residents of 9 10search for just peace in 4 6 12size of 8 22n22tools for change in 165 237ndash241

Israeli Apartheid Weeks 239Israeli-Arab wars 113Israeli Defense Forces (IDF)

INDEX

289

Aida refugee camp and 192creation of 92Disengagement Plan and 158expulsion of Palestinians by 8 22n23Jewish immigrants and 34 149killing of Palestinians by 155Operation Protective Edge and 32vandalization of jeep of 44vigilantism and 245n30

Israeli graduate studentrsquos story 184Israeli High Court 157Israeli self-defense as framework 178ndash184

199Israeli settlements

containment and 33danger to settlers in 183 184expansion of 152 182 197 211

225n14 226n17following Six Day War 133 134as human rights violation 53 54labeling of products from 181media coverage of 5numbers of Jews living in 9population of 22 23n26 209 225n14as strategy to control Palestinians 29 30vigilante violence and 32 39

Israeli state early national periodIsraelis during 110ndash114Palestinians during 118ndash122superpowers 114ndash118tragic spiral 122ndash124

Israeli story 109Israeli Supreme Court 31 46nn9amp10 131

191Israeli vs Palestinian deaths 184Israelis See also Israel

blindness of 218 219 236opposed to Occupation 28 36 38 183

193 218self-interest and 243

Israelites 13 14 23n39Italy 64Itamar settlement 183

JJA (Jewish Agency) 87 92 102 234Jabalya refugee camp 142

Jabotinsky Vladimir 140 141 178 181 195 196

Jackson Jesse 60ldquoJaeckesrdquo 75Jaffa Israel 34 35 212Jaffa Muslim-Christian Council 18Jefferson Thomas 68n44Jenin West Bank 161Jericho West Bank 161Jerusalem See also East Jerusalem

Arab Quarter of Old City 71 72binational 243negotiations and 153seam line within 221settler neighborhoods in 134al Walajeh 30 31 133

Jerusalem-Bethlehem corridor 101Jewish Agency (JA) 87 92 102 234Jewish identity 215 216Jewish National Fund (JNF)

fundraising by 89 98 234Jewish Agency and 92Jewish nationality and 114 125n22Judaization and 91land management by 90 91land purchases by 89 94Zionism in the pre-state period and 87

89ndash92Jewish self-defense 177 178 See also

Israeli self-defenseJewish state vs Jewish homeland 7 43 44Jewish Voices for Peace 242Jews See also Israeli settlements Orthodox

Jews ultra-Orthodox Jews Zionism Zionists

admiration for 61American (See American Jews)Arab 59 92 111ndash113assimilation and 74 75 87 101Christians and in pre-modern era 11

12 23n37communities of in Palestine 8 12confrontation and 77 78Ethiopian 92European 73 76 77 80 111ndash113

124German 75 89

INDEX

290

immigrants to Israel 34 131 149 152 153 160

Israeli national rights for 113 114Muslims and prior to Zionism 11 12

23n37new 111 112 192Palestinian 8 12 92 96parallels to African American

experience 62 73ndash76population in Israel xvii xviii n12Promised Land of 8 52reform and 76Russian 152 160shared ancestry with Palestinians 14 15socialism and 76 77Soviet and post-Soviet 92turning on other Jews 44universalism and 46 214world population of 10

Jimmy Carter Center 166JNF See Jewish National Fund (JNF)Johnson Lyndon 124Jordan

Arab Jews in 112army invasion of Israel 103control of West Bank 8 9 104 117

118 135 137in decolonization era 116 117Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104peace treaty with Israel (1994) 141PLO in 136 137refugee camps in 9 10 118 121 137refugeeinfluxto182Six Day War and 123 124Transjordan option and 20 29unrest in 154

Jordan June 56Jordan River and Valley 123 134

241 242Judaism

Constantinian vs prophetic 227n45Herzl and 215 218self-ghettoization and 215 216survival of 220 221

Judaization of the land 11 15 16 42 60 91 131

Judis John 226n23Judt Tony 166

KKafka Franz 216Kahan Commission 138Kanazi Remi 41Karameh Battle of 136Karenrsquos story 210Karon Tony 190 215 220Kasrils Ronnie 186 190Kathleenrsquos story 178 179Kearney Michael 172n96Kennedy John F 149 244Keret Etgar 151Kerry John 44 163 190Khalidi Walid 22n24Khartoum Declaration 19 135 151 159Kibbutz Megido 90King Martin Luther 75 231The Kingdom (film) 62kinship 56 57 68n36Knesset 131 132 140 183 188 218Kramer Martin 187 188Kristalnacht 185Ku Klux Klan 79kuffiyeh factory in Hebron 40Kuhn Thomas 49 132Kurds 65 235Kuwait 144 153 154 159Kweli Talib 62

Llabor

globalization and rights 223 224Jewish vs Palestinian 192 196

laicism 64Lajee Center 42 239Lajun (Palestinian village) 31 90land for peace 133The Land of Israel Past and Present

(Ben Gurion and Ben Zvi) 14Larsquoor Yitzak 61Laurens Henri 208Law and Governance Article 18A 132Law of Return 113 114 125n22 131

152

INDEX

291

The Law In These Parts 187League of Nations

failure to prevent war 51mandatory system 89 95Palestine Mandate 20 89

Lebanonagricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103Christian groups in 138in decolonization era 116 117Israeli invasion of 182Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 137 138 141 142political compromises in 182refugee camps in 9 118 121 137 138

141unrest in 154

legal and advocacy tools for change 238 239

Letters of Mutual Recognition 161 162Leunig Michael 3Levi Primo 185 216Leviev 240Levy Gideon 216Liberia 79 80 81Libya 154Lifta (village) 31 43Likud Party 60Little Town of Bethlehem (film) 231Lubavitcher Jews 77 78Lydda ethnic cleansing of 155 156 211

212

MMadrid Conference 153 159 160Maghreb 112 113Maghrebi neighborhood in East Jerusalem

133Magnes Judah 43 211Maher Bill 57Mahmoud (al Walajeh resident) 30 31Maimonides 214 216Mali 154Malthus Thomas 239Mamdani Mahmood 53 70n81

Mamilla Cemetery Jerusalem 61Mandate Palestine See British Mandatory

PalestineMandela Nelson 50 188 189Mandelbaum Gate 221Mansfield Michael 236 237Maquiladoras 224market systems global 222Marshall George C 103Marx Karl 73 77 216Massachusetts Bay Colony 78Massad Joseph 77Maureenrsquos story 220 224Mauritania 154 160Mavi Marmara (ship) 141 168mawat 134McCarthyism 78McMahon Henry 95media mainstream 4 28Mekorot 240Merchant of Venice (Shakespeare) 74 75Mexico 224Middle Ages 12 23n37militarism 182 223 224Mirarsquos story 216 217Misgav Uri 186Modirsquoin Illit settlement 157Molad 243monotheism 214 220 221Moroccan Quarter in East Jerusalem

133Morocco 154 160Morris Benny 22n24 107n75 186

209 211Motorola sanctions against 240Moving Towards Home (Jordan) 56mowing the lawn 153 168Moynihan Daniel Patrick 228n65Mubarak Hosni 141Multi-National Peacekeeping force

138multiculturalism 55 56 78 79Museum of Tolerance 61Museum on the Seam 221Muslim Brotherhood 156Muslims

Arab 58

INDEX

292

Islamic waqf of 8 18 52Jews and prior to Zionism 11 12

23n37Palestinian factions of 136population transfers 64world population of 10

Mussolini Benito 64My Promised Land (Shavit) 211

NNabi Saleh West Bank

Halamish settlement and 29protests and demonstrations in 183 239spring water access in 29 38 40 183tear gas canister garlands in 241Zionist observations of 212

Nablus West Bank 12 32 46 48n64 161Nader Ralph 5Nakba (the Catastrophe) See also War of

Independenceagreement of facts about 18 24 25n64

180beginning of 102 107n67end of 8 9Israeli school curriculum and 237Jaffa and 34 212Operation Dani in 155 156 170n43Palestinians displaced in 113 155 156

197Palestinians in Israel following 118 119planting over villages destroyed in 90soft Zionism and 211Soviet military aid to Israel during 115statistics on 22n23Zochrot and 43

Nakhleh Khalil 220Nasser Daoud 33Nasser Gamal Abdel 117 118 122ndash124

136Nasserism 97nation and nationalism 50 62ndash66

history of 64 65human rights violations and 64 65language and 65mediating institutions 63 70n76in Middle East 65modern nation states 63 70n74 76

Palestinians and 235prehistory to nationalism 70n80racialclassificationcomparedto64religion and 64Zionism and 235

Nation of Islam 77national identity 113 114National Priority Areas (NPA) 131Native Americans 58 68n44 227n39Nazis 185 186 210Negev Israel

Bedouins in 41 91human rights groups and 4Judaization of 16 41 91 131oil possibilities in 116Palestinian community in 28Peel Commission Report and 99refugees from 24n52

Negotiations Support Unit of PA 51neocolonialism 53 56Nestlersquos boycott against 240Netanyahu Benjamin

Abu Mazen and 151American-Israeli relations and 227n50Bar Ilan University speech and 163Oslo process and 161pacificationofPalestiniansand32post-post-Zionism and 21n21violence and 155

Neuhaus Richard John 70n76ldquonew Jewsrdquo 111 112 192New York Times 5 32NGOs See non-governmental organizations

(NGOs)Nicaragua 183Nilirsquoin (village) 40 183 239911 terrorist attacks 59 61 78 157 163972 Magazine 32Nixon Richard 138Nobel Peace Prize (1979) 140non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

Israeli 28 40 43Palestinian 40 47n35 199social justice and 222 223 229n74tools for change and 237 238

Nordau Max 88 195 196Noriega Manuel 183

INDEX

293

North Africa 112Northern Ireland 12Norway 240NPA (National Priority Areas) 131nuclear weapons 217 218 228n56Nueva Vida 229n75

oObama Barack 79observer entity Palestine as 139 167 181observer state Palestine as 19 165 167

181 218 219Occupation 129ndash144 See also Israeli set-

tlementsas apartheid (See apartheid)bilateral challenges and 179 180domestic challenges and 180effects on agriculture of Palestinians

142 146n81as elephant in the room 6establishment of 86in Israeli textbooks xvIsraelis opposed to 28 36 38 183 193

218Israelrsquos establishment of 130ndash135oppression of Palestinians and 12 15

16 27 28 46n2 90permitting processes in 198planning and implementation of 132

133resistance by Palestinians 5 135ndash138soft Zionism and 211superpowers and 134ndash136tragic spiral and 138ndash144as trap 7witnessing by American Jewish leaders

238Occupied Golan Heights See Golan HeightsOccupied Palestinian Territories See also

Gaza West Bankldquobreak their bonesrdquo Israeli conduct in

150 156containment within 33ndash39dangers to Israel in 183 217 218geographic divides and 154 155 158

191Israeli control of 20

Israelrsquos encouragement of settlements within 54

population in 9 10OCHA (UN Office for the Coordination of

Humanitarian Affairs) 43oil interests 59 115 116ldquooil shockrdquo 139Ojibwa people 227n39Okin Susan Muller 55 56Old New Land (Herzl) 196Old Testament 11ldquoolimrdquo 78Olim Berlin 78Olim Prague 78Olmert Ehud 45 187 190Olympics in Munich (1972) 137Oman 154 160Omar (film) 41one-state solution See also two-state solu-

tionalternatives to 70n87apartheid and 242civil rights struggle and 44 166 167

243increased interest in 66Transjordan option and 20

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 69n54 139

Open Hillels 44 239Operation Cast Lead

criticism of Israel and 182FreeGazaflotillaand168genocide comparisons 186ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163trip to PalestineIsrael during 71Zionist defense of 215

Operation Dani 155 156 170n43Operation Defensive Shield 151 182Operation Pillar of Defense 153 163 182Operation Protective Edge

anti-Semitism and 61BDS and sanctions and 165British support for Gaza in 219cause of 166FreeGazaflotillaand168

INDEX

294

Gaza as a woman and 57genocide comparisons 186Israeli militarism and 182ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163skepticism about 209US suspension of air travel during 239Zionist defense of 215

ldquoOreosrdquo 75Organization of Petroleum Exporting

Countries (OPEC) 69n54 139orientalism 58Orthodox Jews 32 47n40 48n64 77

78 100 101 113 See also ultra-Orthodox Jews

Oslo AccordsCamp David Summit and 162failure of 161 162 164Netanyahu and 161Palestinian acceptance of 19peace process and 155settlement expansion after 152Taba negotiations and 51two-state solution and 65 159 160 161water shortages and 161 164West Bank divisions and 10 104 161

164otherness embracing of 77ndash79Ottoman Empire

Arab revolt against 95 96dismemberment of lands of 94 95end of 76 91 92Herzl and 88land laws 134 141land records from 33ruling of land of IsraelPalestine 13 64Tanzimat reforms 93 94

Oz Amos 212

Ppacification 32 33 99 150Pakistan 64Palestine See also IsraelPalestine

Occupied Palestinian Territories Palestinians

as choice for Jewish homeland 80

Christian communities in 8competing claims on 8 13 52 65 232de-Arabization of 100 102 117history of 234Jewish communities in 8 12 92 96ldquoland without a peoplerdquo 207 225n4news coverage of 5as observer entity 139 167 181as observer state 19 165 167 181 218

219Peel Commission Report and 98 99in pre-state period 96ndash100UN designation of land for 8villages destroyed in 9 22n24 103Zionist immigration to 87 89 91 92

98 100Palestine Arab Congress 97Palestine Arab Delegation 85Palestine Fair Trade Association 40Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

commitments of declared by Arafat 162diverse factions of 136 137elections awaited by 199formation of 122 136as independent national authority 139

140 159Jordan and 136 137Lebanon and 137 138 141 142merging with Fatah 122 136national unity and 243Rabat Declaration and 158two-state solution and 65United States exclusion of 143 144

153 160weakening in Ramallah 158

Palestine National Congress (PNC) 143Palestine Office 91 92Palestine Peace not Apartheid (Carter) 189Palestine Strategy Study Group 243Palestine Zionist Executive 92Palestinian Authority

Adnanrsquos story and 51applications to ICC and ICJ 165 238establishment of 159 161national unity and 243Oslo agreements and 19 164Rome Statue of ICC and 167

INDEX

295

UN and 183 198 199Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) 156Palestinian Legislative Council 166 199

243Palestinian National Council 199 243Palestinian Rebellion 100Palestinian refugees

appropriation of land from 119discrimination against 131Jewish refugees compared to 113numbers of xviii xviii n14 24n52in refugee camps 9 10 104 118 121right of return xviii n14 15at time of Israeli state formation 103

Palestinian story 109 110Palestinian vs Israeli deaths 184Palestinians See also Palestine

in administrative detention 120child-naming practices 23n32Christian 8 9 33 97 183 218civilian casualties 55containment of 33ndash39creativity and resilience of 40ndash43as demographic threat 217 218Diaspora community of 104 239 241discrimination against 131 132distribution in IsraelPalestine 9educational attainment of xviii 28 40

46n6 72 238efforts to pacify 141 142elections held by 165 166expulsion of (See expulsion of

Palestinians)food shortages and 187 188 196General Strike by 98globalization and 223 224Hamas charter statements 18human rights violations by 54 55

67n24internal displacement of 9 24n52 34

90 103 118 119in Israel following Nakba 118 119as Israeli citizens 114 119 120

130ndash132 182 183 191Israeli state creation and 118ndash122killed and wounded in Gaza 32Kuwaitrsquos expulsion of 144

land captured from 92lobbying efforts to British 97as long term residents of IsraelPalestine

13media presentation of 28under military rule 119 120 130 132

191 197 198mob killings by 100 101Muslim 9 97 183national identity of 65 66 96 97 235need for national unity 243Occupation and (See under Occupation)pacificationof3233peace process and 154ndash158 164population of xvii xviii n13in pre-state period 89 96ndash102prohibited to live with spouses 31proverb 231refugees (See Palestinian refugees)as ldquoresidentsrdquo of East Jerusalem 130

133Resolution 242 and 135rock-throwing by children 5safety of 217 219self-determination pursuit by 16shared ancestry with Jews 14 15Six Day War and 124 130stereotypes of 5 7storyofdifficultiesinsharing4ndash6

PalTel 40pan-Arabism 97 117 123 136 235Panama 183Pappe Ilan 186 198Paradise Now (film) 41Paraguay 165particularism 212 213 214 217Partition Plan 102 115 116 141Patinkin Mandy 165Paulrsquos story 27 43peace camp 33 34peace process 149ndash168

changing boundaries and 104failure of 168firstIntifada and 155human rights and 164ndash168Israelis and 150ndash153 160 163 164Palestinians and 154ndash158 164

INDEX

296

superpowers and 153 154tragic spiral 155ndash164United States and 144 152

Peel Commission Report 65 98ndash100 197Peled-Elhanan Nurit xvPeled-Elhanan Smadar xvPeled Matti xvPeled Miko xvPeled Yoav xvpension funds and BDS 240permitting processes 198Peru 165Peterrsquos story 63PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of

Palestine) 136 156Philistines 13Picot Francois Georges 94PIJ (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) 156Pilgrims American 78pine trees planted in Palestine 90pink-washing 47n40Pinochet Augusto 214 215Pitersberg Gabriel 61Plan Dalet (Plan D) 102 103 107n75PLO See Palestine Liberation Organization

(PLO)PNC (Palestine National Congress) 143Poitier Sidney 81n10Poland 64political Islam

American race relations and 59Arab states and 244blacks as superpatriots and 62otherness and 78Palestinianflirtationwith16235pan-Arab unity and 97

politicide 199polytheism 214Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

(PFLP) 136 156population transfers 16 20 54 64 99 197post-post-Zionism 21 22n21post-Zionism 21n21Powell Colin 62pre-state period in history of Zionism

great powers in 93ndash96Palestinians in 96ndash100

tragic spiral 100ndash105Zionists in 87ndash93

present absentees 118 119price tag attacks 32Prince Stephen 177prophetic vs Constantinian Judaism 227n45protection gap 121Proust Marcel 216psychological warfare 188Ptolemy 49

QQalandiya checkpoint 149 235 236Qalqilya West Bank 161Qatar 160Qibya West Bank 117Quakers 240Qurrsquoan 11Quran Fadi 40

RR2P (Responsibility to Protect) 53Rabat Declaration 139 140 159Rabin Yitzhak 155 156 161 162 170n43race 50 56ndash62

anti-Arab racism 59ndash62 196 197blacks as superpatriots 62invidious nature of distinctions 58power and 58 59relations in the United States 59scientificdefinitionof5862as social construction 58 190

racial privilege 58 59racism 59ndash62 181 190 196 197 218Rakeek Mariam Abu 28Ramallah West Bank 28 161 183 241Ramle ethnic cleansing of 155 156Ras a-Tire (village) 157Rashomon effect 177Ravitch Diane 212Rawabi West Bank 223realpolitik 6 233Reconstruction failure of 79Red Scare 78Reel Bad Arabs (documentary) 5reform 75ndash77 81nn9amp10Reformation 87

INDEX

297

refugee campsexpelled Palestinians in 9 10 104 118

121numbers in 24n52rationing of water and electricity to 191in surrounding countries 9 10 24n52

104 118 121 141in West Bank and Gaza 9 24n52 118

Refugee Convention of 1951 121 122Refugee Protocol (1967) 121 122regional power struggles 179religion

human rights and 52 53nationalism and 64

resistance as a tool for change 239Responsibility to Protect (R2P) 53Ricardo David 239Rice Condoleezza 62Richardrsquos story 3 4Rihanna 165Riwaq 40Road Map 163Romania 182Romanov empire 64Rome Statute of ICC 167Roots (TV mini-series) 80Rose Tricia 82n19Ruffalo Mark 165Ruppin Arthur 195 196Russell Tribunal 190 236Russia

alliance with Egypt 137ndash139Cold War and 115global economy and 59Herzl and 88Jewish immigrants from 152 160peace process and 159 160recognition of Israel 116Six Day War and 123 124Sykes-Picot Agreement and 94 95WWI and 88 89

Al Ruwwad Childrenrsquos Dance Theater 42

Sal Sabawi Khaled 42Sabeel 186Sabra 111

Sabra refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Sadat Anwar 140 244safety promise of 216ndash219Said Edward 164ndash166Said-Foqahaa Nader 129 130Salaita Steven 242Samaritans 12 46 48n64Samuel Herbert 88Santayana George 234ldquoSaturday Night Massacrerdquo 138Saudi Arabia 103 116 154 179school bus crash 18secessionist movements 64second (Al Aqsa) Intifada See Intifada

secondsecular humanism 220 221 See also

universalismuniversal humanismSegev Tom 15 111 216self-ghettoization Zionism as 212ndash216separation barrier Israeli

around homes 39attempts to breach 192containment and 33ICJ on 157 218national security as rationale for 156

179Palestinian labor exclusion and 192protests and 40roboticization of 242suicide bombings and 156 171n54

September 11 terrorist attacks See 911 terrorist attacks

service work as a tool for change 239settler only roads 134 191Shaftsbury Earl of 225n4Shah of Iran 141 159Shahian Abdel Aziz 25n74Shakespeare William 74 75Shamir Yitzhak 194Shamir Yoav 181Shapira Anita 24n54 101 107n63Shapira Yonatan 57 231Sharon Ariel

counter-proposal to two-state solution 143

election of 163

INDEX

298

Gazan resistance and 158massacre in Qibya and 117pacificationofWestBankand141refugee camp massacres and 138second Intifada and 157settlement building and 134war on Arab terror and 61

Shatila refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Shavit Ari 101 105n6 180 211 212Sheikh Jerrah East Jerusalem 38 39Shepherd Matthew 210Sherwood Harriet 22 23n26 225n14Shlaim Avi 99Shula Alonirsquos story 189shuttle diplomacy 163Shylock (in Merchant of Venice) 74 75Siegman Henry 218 219Sierra Leone 79Simon Wiesenthal Center 61Sinai Peninsula 134 135 138 139 140Six Day War (1967)

as ldquodefensive warrdquo 123 133expulsions during 197Israeli control of historic Palestine and

9 15 45 124 130 182situation leading to 122ndash124

slavery 5 58 73 76 79Slovak Republic 64Smith Adam 239Smith Charles D 137Sneh Ephraim 180 181 227n50social media positive effects of 222 See

also Facebook postssocialism 76 77 101 110sociocide as term xv 198 199 236 See

also ethnic cleansingsociocidesoft Zionism 211 226n23Somoza Anastasio 183South Africa apartheid system in 12 45

153 186 188ndash193 233 234Soviet Union

Cold War and 114 115 117 118 152collapse of 61 144 152invasion of Hungary 118 124Jews from 92Occupation and resistance and 134

peace process and 159 160spaciocide 199Spain 64 65 159 160 240sperm smuggling 242Spielberg Steven 79Spinoza Baruch 73 216starvation 187 188 196State of Emergency 119 130State Stamp Law (1949) 132Straights of Tiran 123 140Straw Jack 96Streisand Barbara 79The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

(Kuhn) 132Sudan 154Suez Canal 118 123 140 182Suez Crisis xvisuicide bombings xv 55 156 192summer circus camp 42sumud 16supermarket chains and BDS 240superpowers

in ancient IsraelPalestine 13ascollectiveactorinconflict10ndash13in decolonization era 114ndash118misuse of human rights doctrines 53 56Occupation and resistance and 134ndash136peace process and 153 154in pre-state period 93ndash96recent domination in Palestine 13 16two-state solution and 151

Sykes Mark 94Sykes-Picot agreement 88 94ndash97Syria

agricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103civil war in 182claim on Golan Heights 9 23n26 152conflictin18current 141in decolonization era 116 117Egyptrsquos rivalry with 122Fatah support by 122Madrid Conference and 160Palestine imagined as province of 97refugee camps in 9 10 118 121

INDEX

299

refugees from 182Resolution 242 and 139 140Six Day War and 123 124support of Palestinian factions by 122

136unrest in 154Yom Kippur War and 138

TTaba Talks of 2001 162 163Tacitus 149Tahrir Square 222Tamimi Bassem 207 219Tamimi Bilal and Manal 38Tamimi Mostafa 38Tanzimat reforms 93ldquoTaxirdquo (Hammad) 56Taybeh Beer Brewery 40Teach for America 60Tel Aviv boardwalk 35Tel Aviv Israel 43 112 156 193 239Ten Point Program 146n71Tent of Nations 33 34Tessler Mark 17Thant U 123three-family story 194 195Three Norsquos of Khartoum 19 135Thucydides 129Transjordan option 20 25n75transnational market forces 6tribalism 213 214 217Truman Doctrine 115Truman Harry 115 116truth and reconciliation commissions 6Tulkarem West Bank 161 241Tunis Tunisia 143 155Tunisia

Arab Spring in 154Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 138 142 154 155

TurkeyArab Jews in 112aspirations of 179FreeGazaflotillaand168173n117ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140Israeli alliance with 117 141

population transfers and 64Turks See Ottoman EmpireTutu Desmond 3 189 19024 (TV show) 62two-state solution See also one-state

solutionalternatives to 70n87 166apartheid and 190failure of 66First Intifada and 143great powers and 151Green Line and 8 9 19 43human rights standards and 10Israeli settlements and 133 134land division and 43national liberation struggle and 243origins and resurfacing of 65Rabat Declaration and 159Resolution 181 and 235

Tzabar Shimon 129

UUAR (United Arab Republic) 118 122 123UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human

Rights) 50ndash52 56Uganda 8 14 80 87Ukraine 64 92Ulpan plan 92Ulrichrsquos story 185ultra-Orthodox Jews 31 35 77 78 101

See also Orthodox JewsUm al Fahm Israel 194 195Um Kammal 38 39UN Human Rights Commission 61UN Conciliation Commission on Palestine

(UNCCP) 121 122UN General Assembly

admission of PLO 139 167on Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54recognition of Palestine as observer

state 218 219Resolution 181 8 65 101 115

135 235UN High Commissioner for Refugees

(UNHCR) 121 122UN Human Rights Council 181

INDEX

300

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) 43

UN Relief Works Agency (UNRWA) xviii n14 22n23 121 122

UN Security Councilon Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54Resolution 242 134 135 162Resolution 338 162

UNESCO 167 181United Arab Emirates 65United Arab Republic (UAR) 118 122 123United Kingdom 64 65United Nations

at Madrid Conference 160Palestinian Authority and 199partitioning of historic Palestine 8 101

121protocols for protecting refugees 121refugee camps 104Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(UDHR) 50upgrading of Palestinersquos status 181 182Zionism and 214

United StatesAmerican Indians in 58 68n44anti-Arab anti-Muslim prejudice in

59ndash62Arab world awareness in 209Arafat and PLO rejected by 143 144

153 160arms delivery delays by 239BDS precedents in 240Bill of Rights 51blacks as superpatriots in 62blindness and deafness in 236Cold War and 115 117 118 124 139

152colonies in 219Declaration of Independence 68n44Egypt rejected by 117 118GI Bill of Rights 58grassroots social movements in 222Great Society project 228n65human rights standards ignored by 241Immigration and Nationality Act of

1965 58

importanceinconflict243244Israel as liability to 182Israeli-American alliance 116 138 139

152 153 217 227n50Israelrsquos special relationship with 98Jewish community in 44 80 89 91

114 116military aid to Egypt 140Occupation and resistance and 134occupation of Germany 132operations in IsraelPalestine 13 16Palestinian Authority and 161Palestinian elections and 166peace process and 144 152 153

158ndash160race riot responses in 150restrictive immigration policies 111Six Day War and 124suspension of air travel to Tel Aviv 239

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 50ndash52 56

universal jurisdiction 214 215universalismuniversal humanism 46 214

217universities and BDS 240university campuses prejudice on 59 60Uris Leon 208Uruguay 165US State Department 32USAID 229n74Use of Hebrew Date Law (1998) 132Ussishkin Menachem 195 196

VVenezuela 165Veolia 240Verwoerd Hendrik 189veteranrsquos preference 131Vietnam French in 219Vietnam War 134Vietnamese Liberation Front 124vigilantism 32 241 245n30village leagues 141violence

ahistorical presentation of 5resistance and 183state-sponsored 222

INDEX

301

vigilante 32voter suppression 76 82n13

WWadi al Narsquoam Israel 42Wadi Rasha (village) 157Wailing (Western) Wall in Old City 100

112al Walajeh (village) 30 31 133Waltz with Bashir (film) 219Wannsee Conference 187waqf Islamic 8 18 52War of Independence 8 9 103 111 115

116 182 See also Nakba (the Catastrophe)

water shortages 161 164Watergate scandal 138Waxmann Rivka and Haim 109ldquoWe Killed Jesus Wersquore Proud of Itrdquo

(YouTube video) 18Weber Max 49 81n6Weissglass Dov 158 159 187Weizmann Chaim 88 195 196West Bank

division into areas 10 104 161 164efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143efforts to pacify 141firstIntifada and 154 155free trade zones in 224Israeli control of 139 140 150Jewish settlements in 22 23n26 29

133 134 152Jordanian control of 8 9 104 117 118

135 137negotiations and 153new city in 224Palestinian population in 9refugee camps in 9 118Samaritans in 12 46 48n64separation barrier appropriation of land

in 156two-state solution and 159vigilante violence in 32

West Beirut Lebanon 138Western Sahara 154

White Paper of 1921 98 99White Paper of 1939 100 111Who Profits 28 43 239 242Wilson Woodrow 89witchcraft accusations of Pilgrims 78Wolfe Alan 214womenrsquos movement American 222World Trade Organization (WTO) 59 179

222World War I 88 89 94World War II

American occupation of Germany after 132

Great Britain and 104human rights framework and 51 53racial disadvantage after 74reduced to Holocaust 61Zionism and 8 100 101 111

World Zionist Organization (WZO) 87ndash89 234

WTO (the World Trade Organization) 59 179 222

Wye River memorandum 162WZO (World Zionist Organization) 87ndash89

234

YYad Larsquoachim 245n30Yasminersquos story 71 72Yehoshua AB 215Yemen 112 154Yiftachel Oren 243Yishuv 91 100 101 197Yitzachi Aryeh 109Yom Kippur War (1973) 69n54 138 139

182 231 232Young Cynthia 62Yugoslavia 64Yurirsquos story 57Yuvalrsquos story 231 232

ZZangwill Israel 195 196 207 225n4Zapatistas 222Zeidan Mohammad 131Ziadeh Rafif 41

INDEX

302

Zionism 71ndash82 207ndash224 See also pre-state period in history of Zionism Zionists

claim to ownership of IsraelPalestine 13 65 66

as colonization 178contradictions of 195ndash197criticism of 209ethnic cleansing and 196 208ndash212fear of assimilation and 87genocide framework and 186 187global empires and 64globalization and 220ndash224history of 7 8 234 235Holocaust and 8 73 100 101 208ndash211human rights violations and 7inversion of 78ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140 141Israeli-Palestinianconflictand12ndash16

23n38 72 73Jewish homeland vs Jewish state and 7

43 44Jewish identity and 215 216Jewish-Muslim relations prior to 11 12

23n37as Jewish nationalism 235nationalist movement of 66ldquonew Jewsrdquo and 111 112origins of 87

as Palestinian disaster 211parallels to back-to-Africa movement

80 81pioneering mentality 7 21n21psychology of 101rejection of 212 213safety and 216ndash219as self-ghettoization 212ndash216shared ancestry with Palestinians and

14 15Six Day War and 124socialist labor variant of 101universal vs particular in 214 215use of force and 15 24n54

Zionist Commission for Palestine 91 92Zionist Congress eighth (1907) 196Zionist Congress fifth (1901) 89Zionist Congress first (1897) 87 88 196Zionist Organization 87ndash89 91 92 97Zionists See also Zionism

Christian 12 208 225n7expulsion of Palestinians by (See

expulsion of Palestinians)Partition Plan and 102in pre-state period 87ndash93 98 102ldquosoftrdquo 211 226n23in United States 208 225n7

Zochrot (Remembrance) 28 43 237 242Zonszein Mairav 245n30

• REFERENCES
• INDEX

INDEX

283

Czech Republic 64Czechoslovakia 134

DDachau concentration camp 185DAM 41Darwish Museum 40Dawkins Richard 207Dayan Moshe 178 181de-Arabization of Palestine 100 102 117De Niro Robert 165Declaration of Principles 161 162decolonization era 53 72 76 104 114ndash118Defamation (Shamir) 181defensive war narrative 123Deir Yassin massacre 102democracy 44 45 182 183Democratic Front for the Liberation of

Palestine (DFLP) 136demolition of homes and villages

on Daoud Nasserrsquos land 33green-washing 35in Jaffa 34 35Lajun (village) 90Maghrebi neighborhood 133Mahmoudrsquos house 31in Sheikh Jerrah neighborhood 38 39three-family story 194 195Wadi al Narsquoam (village) 42

Denmark 64Derrida Jacques 216Desert Daughter 41Deutsch Karl 62DFLP (Democratic Front for the Liberation

of Palestine) 136Dheisheh refugee camp 42Diaspora Jewish 13 89 91 215 216Diaspora Palestinian 104 239 241Dimona reactor 115 123dining hall incident 59 60Disengagement Plan 158Djibouti 154Dome of the Rock mosque 157domestic challenges 180Druze 131Dugard John 189 190Dylan Bob 216

EEast Jerusalem

annexation of by Israel 54 133 152 161 225n14

destruction of Maghrebi neighborhood 132 133

Israeli control of 139 150Palestinian residents in 130two-state solution and 159

Eban Abba 16 133 164Economic Efficiency Law of 2009 131economic tools for change 239ndash241Ecuador 165educational tools for change 165 237 238Efrati Eran 242Egypt

Arab Jews in 112 113Arab Spring in 154army invasion of Israel 103aspirations of 179brief control of Palestine (1834) 97control of Gaza 8 9 104 117 118in decolonization era 116 117 118Israeli invasion over Suez canal 118

182peace treaty with Israel 140 141refugee camps in 9 10 118 121Russian alliance with 137 138 139Six Day War and 123 124support of Palestinian factions by 136Syriarsquos rivalry with 122war of attrition with Israel 137Yom Kippur War and 138

Einstein Albert 7 43 73 185 211 216El Al airplane hijackings 137El Salvador 165Electronic Intifada 223Ellis Marc 215 227n45emigration from IsraelPalestine 192 193

203n81Encounter 238England See Great BritainEnlightenment rationalism 87 104 221

222 239environmental degradation 179environmental sustainability 43 52environmentalism 42 43

INDEX

284

Epstein Yitzhak 193 194 196Erdogan Recep Tayyip 173n117eruvin 77 78Ethiopia 92ethnic cleansingsociocide

as framework 193ndash199genocide compared to 187 209of Lyda and Ramle 155 156 211 212Zionism as 209ndash212

ethnocentrism 213 214European Union

boycotts from 218 219 243importanceinconflict243244Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Authority and 161Palestinian elections and 166Palestinian human rights and 181

ldquoEurozionism and its Discontentsrdquo (Pitersberg) 61

Eversquos stories 85 86 149 221exit 79ndash81Exodus (Uris) 81n10 208expulsion of Palestinians

during and after Nakba 8 9 102ndash104indigeneity and 15as Israeli strategy 30 31from Lydda and Ramle 155 156Six Day War and 197statistics on 22n23 113use of force for 15 24n54

extremist groups and views 18 25n65

fFacebook posts 32 78 232facts on the ground 133 152 167 197 209Faculty for Israeli-Palestinian Peace xvFalk Richard 21n4Family Circle of the Bereaved 239family unification 31 114 131 191 242Fanon Franz 136Farouk King (of Egypt) 117Fatah 122 136 156 165 166fear 213 232fedayeen 136fictive kinship 68n36film industry 40 41first Intifada See Intifada first

Fisher Max 228n56Five Broken Cameras (film) 41Flag and Emblem Law (1949) 132food shortages 187 188 196Fourth Geneva Convention Article 49 544th Arab League Summit (1967) 19Foxx Jamie 62frameworks 177ndash199

apartheid 188ndash193ethnic cleansingsociocide 193ndash199genocide 185ndash188human rights 6 7 50 (See also human

rights)Israeli self-defense 178ndash184nationalism 50 (See also nation and

nationalism)race 50 (See also race)for understanding Israeli-Palestinian conflict64950

FranceAlgerian revolution against 115 136

219Dimona reactor and 115Egypt invaded by 118head scarves ban in 70n81laicism in 64Lebanon and Syriarsquos independence from

116Six Day War and 124Sykes-Picot Agreement and 94 95 97in Vietnam 219

Frankfurter Felix 89Free Gaza flotilla 168Free Trade Agreement talks 165Freedom from Fear (Aung San Suu Kyi) 50ldquoFreedom Ridesrdquo 40Freedom Summer 238Freud Sigmund 73 216

GGainsbourg Serge 216Galilee 16 28 99 104 131Galileo 49Garroutte Eva 58Garvey Marcus 79gay rights movement 81n9 210 222Gaza

INDEX

285

depicted as a woman 57destruction in 166 186Disengagement Plan and 158efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143Egyptian control of 8 9 104 117 118firstIntifada and 154 155FreeGazaflotillaand168231genocide and 186health clinics in 199Israeli control of 139 150 158Israeli raid on 117Israeli security concerns and 43Israeli use of violence against 153 158

163Jewish settlements in 152military rule established in 132as open-air prison 191Operation Cast Lead in (See Operation

Cast Lead)Operation Pillar of Defense in 153 163

182Operation Protective Edge in (See

Operation Protective Edge)Palestinian population in 9Peel Commission Report and 99refugee camps in 9 24n52 118 142rocketfirefrom55217218two-state solution and 159UN peacekeepers removed from 123

Gaza Community Mental Health Center 239

Gellner Ernest 62 63 70n77Gelvin James 136 142gender stereotypes 58General Strike 98 235The Generalrsquos Son (Miko Peled) xvgenetic research and claims of indigeneity

14 15Geneva Conventions on the Rules of War

50ndash54 132Geneva Initiative 158 163genocide

ethnic cleansing compared to 187 209as framework 185ndash188

Germany 64 88 89 115GI Bill of Rights 58 74 131

Ginsburg Asher 211globalizationdefined221Zionism and 220ndash224

Go Palestine summer camp 239Golan Heights

Israeli control of 150Israeli settlements in 9 22 23n26 134

152Syrian incursions from 123Syriarsquos claim on 9 23n26 152Yom Kippur War and 138ndash140

Goldstein Baruch 36 155Goldstone Report 67n24Gouldner Alvin 49grassroots social movements 6Great Britain See also British Empire Brit-

ish Mandatory PalestineCold War and 115decolonization of Arab countries 116

117Egypt invaded by 118in India 219during pre-state period 94ndash100 111sanctions against Israel and 165Six Day War and 124state church in 64Truman and 115 116War of Independence and 104

Greece 64Green Linedefinitionof89erased from textbooks 59Israelrsquos boundaries and 19 20Israelrsquos growth to 104road network and 54separation barrier and 33through Jerusalem 221

green-washing 35Guess Whorsquos Coming to Dinner (film)

81n10Gulf of Aqaba 140

HHarsquoam Ahad 211Harsquoaretz 129Haddad Heskel 23n37

INDEX

286

Haganah 92 102Halamish settlement 29Hallowell A Irving 227n39Hamas

execution of collaborators 33Fatah rivalry with 165food shortages and 187ndash188Israeli operations against 151Israelrsquos early supporttolerance of 156

183Palestinian 2006 elections and 163 166

198Palestinian statements in charter 18 60second Intifada and 158

Hammad Suheir 41 56Hammerman Ilana 242Hamoked 238Hapsburg empire 64 76Haram-al-Sharif 71 72 157Harlem Renaissance 74Haysbert Dennis 62health care system Palestinian 41Hebrew language 65Hebrew textbooks 59Hebron West Bank

description and photos of 35ndash37Israeli soldier in 27kuffiyehfactoryin40Orthodox Jews murdered in 100settler neighborhoods in 134West Bank division and 161Zionist observations of 211 212

heritage tourism 80Herzl TheodordefinitionofJewsand215218firstZionistCongressand8788letter from Arab leader to 96quotes of 19 61 71 85Zionist contradictions and 195 196

Herzliya Conference (2010) 187Hidalgo (film) 58 59hijab 58 59Hillel Rabbi 215Hillels campus 44 92 239Hindus 64Hitler Adolf 64 187Hoffman Alice 27

Hohenzollern empire 64 76Holland 240Holocaust

European Islamophobia and 61genocide framework and 186human rights framework and 51 53number killed in 210 226n16self-defense framework and 180 181survivors of (See Holocaust survivors)Zionist movement and 8 73 100 101

208ndash211Holocaust survivors

criticisms of Gaza massacre by 32fear for safety and 216 217Israel as safe haven for 7 111 112Jewish Agency and 92taxes on reparations to 21n20Zionism and 101

ldquohouse in a boxrdquo 39human agency 52 53human rights

environmental sustainability and 43 52as framework for understanding 6 7 15

232 233of groups 55 56inter-state vs intra-state violence and 52international support for 164ndash168Israelrsquos lack of compliance 134key documents 50 52political 51religion and 52 53safety and 217selective application of standards 52

70n81social and economic 51 76 77standards 4 6 7 10 21n4 232 233

241violations of 40 44 53ndash55weak enforcement of 10 52 56

Human Rights Watch 214Hungary 118 124Huntington Samuel 220Hussein bin Ali King 95Hussein King (of Jordan) 122 135 137

139 140 159Hussein-McMahon correspondence 88

94ndash96

INDEX

287

Hussein Saddam 61 143 153 159 160 183

hybridity 58 59

IIbrahimi Mosque 36 155ICC See International Criminal Court (ICC)ICJ See International Court of Justice (ICJ)ideal type 81n6IDF See Israeli Defense Forces (IDF)Illuz Eva 218India 59 64 160 219International Committee of the Red Cross

54international competitions and BDS 240International Court of Justice (ICJ)

and Fourth Geneva Convention Article 49 54

PA application to 165 172n96 238Palestinersquos upgraded status and 181on separation barrier 157 218Zionism and 214

International Criminal Court (ICC)focus on African cases and individuals

53and Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 67n18PA application to 165 167 172n96 238Palestinersquos upgraded status and 181Rome Statute of 167Zionism and 214

International Solidarity Movement 168Intifada first 19 142ndash144 150ndash156Intifada second

beginning of 157 163in history of Palestinian response to

Zionism 235lynching of Israelis during 241911 and 157 158repression of armed struggle in 192results of 158suicide bombings during 156 192

IranAmerican-Israeli relations and 227n50Arab Jews in 112aspirations of 179ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140

Islamic state installed in 141Israeli alliance with 117 141nuclear weapons and 217 218 228n56Sneh on 181

Iran-Iraq War 141 159Iraq 61

Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103current 141in decolonization era 116 117invasion of Iran 141invasion of Kuwait 144 153 159refugees from 182support of Palestinian factions by 136unrest in 154

iron curtain 114Iron Sheik 41ldquoiron wallrdquo 140ndash142Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women (Okin)

55 56Isaacrsquos story 213ISIS (Islamic State in Iraq and Syria) 59 61Islam

Arabization and 14disputes between branches of 65political (See political Islam)recognition of Jewish and Christian

antecedents 11 23n32Islamic Jihad 140 156Islamic Resistance Movement 18Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) 59 61Islamic waqf 8 18 52Islamophobia 5 58 61 157Israel See also Israelis

American alliance with 116 138 139 152 153 217 227n50

American knowledge of 7anti-discrimination laws in 91anti-Palestinian prejudice in 60 61Basic Laws of 113 114Battle of Karameh and 136bilateral challenges of 179 180 182boundaries of 19boycotts and sanctions against (See

boycotts sanctions and divestments (BDS) movement)

casualties of civilians of 55

INDEX

288

citizenship vs nationality 113 114 131control of historic Palestine 9 10 15

16 20democracy claims of 182 183domestic challenges of 180 182 183Egypt invaded by 118 182estimates of Palestinian refugee numbers

by 22n23food shortages and 187 188global challenges for 181 182globalization and 223 224Hamas and 156 183 187 188human rights standards and 242 243human rights violations by 53ndash55

67n24immigration of Arab Jews 112 113invasion by Arab armies 103Iranrsquos alliance with 117 141Jewish identity and 215Jewish immigrants to 34 131 149 152

153Jewish population of xvii xviii n12language struggles in 65militarism 182 223 224military rule of Palestinians 119 120

130 132 191 197 198national framework creation 110ndash114Nazi Germany comparisons 186 188nuclear weapons in 218Occupation by and resistance to 130ndash

134 183occupation of Golan Heights 23n26Occupied Territories and danger to 183

217 218one-state solution and 167operations against Palestinians 182Oslo Accords and 161 164Palestinian citizens of 114 119 120Palestinian elections and 166Palestinian land appropriated by 119peace process and 150ndash153 160 163

164peace treaty with Egypt 140 141peace treaty with Jordan 141PLO recognition by 162price tag attacks in 32

public sector employment discrimination in 132

raids on West Bank and Gaza 117regional challenges of 179 182religious disputes among Jews in 65Russia and 115 116safety in 217ndash219Six Day War and 122ndash124 130 182social services discrimination in 131

132special relationship with Great Britain

and US 98state creation 8 18 86 103 111State of Emergency declared by 119

130tourism 81Turkeyrsquos alliance with 117 141two-state solution and 167victimization emphasis of 73Yom Kippur War and 138ndash140 182young Jews leaving 78

Israel Day Parade 44IsraelPalestine

ancient groups dominating 13 23n39apartheid in (See apartheid)background information 7ndash10complexity of issues in 5 6division of land in 8emigration from 192 203n81 1963findingthetippingpointin241ndash244history of 86human rights issues in (See human

rights)indigenous populations of 14 15Israeli control of 9ndash10 15 16 20 197lessons from the past and 234ndash237media depiction of violence in 5Palestinian population in 9peace process in (See peace process)residents of 9 10search for just peace in 4 6 12size of 8 22n22tools for change in 165 237ndash241

Israeli Apartheid Weeks 239Israeli-Arab wars 113Israeli Defense Forces (IDF)

INDEX

289

Aida refugee camp and 192creation of 92Disengagement Plan and 158expulsion of Palestinians by 8 22n23Jewish immigrants and 34 149killing of Palestinians by 155Operation Protective Edge and 32vandalization of jeep of 44vigilantism and 245n30

Israeli graduate studentrsquos story 184Israeli High Court 157Israeli self-defense as framework 178ndash184

199Israeli settlements

containment and 33danger to settlers in 183 184expansion of 152 182 197 211

225n14 226n17following Six Day War 133 134as human rights violation 53 54labeling of products from 181media coverage of 5numbers of Jews living in 9population of 22 23n26 209 225n14as strategy to control Palestinians 29 30vigilante violence and 32 39

Israeli state early national periodIsraelis during 110ndash114Palestinians during 118ndash122superpowers 114ndash118tragic spiral 122ndash124

Israeli story 109Israeli Supreme Court 31 46nn9amp10 131

191Israeli vs Palestinian deaths 184Israelis See also Israel

blindness of 218 219 236opposed to Occupation 28 36 38 183

193 218self-interest and 243

Israelites 13 14 23n39Italy 64Itamar settlement 183

JJA (Jewish Agency) 87 92 102 234Jabalya refugee camp 142

Jabotinsky Vladimir 140 141 178 181 195 196

Jackson Jesse 60ldquoJaeckesrdquo 75Jaffa Israel 34 35 212Jaffa Muslim-Christian Council 18Jefferson Thomas 68n44Jenin West Bank 161Jericho West Bank 161Jerusalem See also East Jerusalem

Arab Quarter of Old City 71 72binational 243negotiations and 153seam line within 221settler neighborhoods in 134al Walajeh 30 31 133

Jerusalem-Bethlehem corridor 101Jewish Agency (JA) 87 92 102 234Jewish identity 215 216Jewish National Fund (JNF)

fundraising by 89 98 234Jewish Agency and 92Jewish nationality and 114 125n22Judaization and 91land management by 90 91land purchases by 89 94Zionism in the pre-state period and 87

89ndash92Jewish self-defense 177 178 See also

Israeli self-defenseJewish state vs Jewish homeland 7 43 44Jewish Voices for Peace 242Jews See also Israeli settlements Orthodox

Jews ultra-Orthodox Jews Zionism Zionists

admiration for 61American (See American Jews)Arab 59 92 111ndash113assimilation and 74 75 87 101Christians and in pre-modern era 11

12 23n37communities of in Palestine 8 12confrontation and 77 78Ethiopian 92European 73 76 77 80 111ndash113

124German 75 89

INDEX

290

immigrants to Israel 34 131 149 152 153 160

Israeli national rights for 113 114Muslims and prior to Zionism 11 12

23n37new 111 112 192Palestinian 8 12 92 96parallels to African American

experience 62 73ndash76population in Israel xvii xviii n12Promised Land of 8 52reform and 76Russian 152 160shared ancestry with Palestinians 14 15socialism and 76 77Soviet and post-Soviet 92turning on other Jews 44universalism and 46 214world population of 10

Jimmy Carter Center 166JNF See Jewish National Fund (JNF)Johnson Lyndon 124Jordan

Arab Jews in 112army invasion of Israel 103control of West Bank 8 9 104 117

118 135 137in decolonization era 116 117Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104peace treaty with Israel (1994) 141PLO in 136 137refugee camps in 9 10 118 121 137refugeeinfluxto182Six Day War and 123 124Transjordan option and 20 29unrest in 154

Jordan June 56Jordan River and Valley 123 134

241 242Judaism

Constantinian vs prophetic 227n45Herzl and 215 218self-ghettoization and 215 216survival of 220 221

Judaization of the land 11 15 16 42 60 91 131

Judis John 226n23Judt Tony 166

KKafka Franz 216Kahan Commission 138Kanazi Remi 41Karameh Battle of 136Karenrsquos story 210Karon Tony 190 215 220Kasrils Ronnie 186 190Kathleenrsquos story 178 179Kearney Michael 172n96Kennedy John F 149 244Keret Etgar 151Kerry John 44 163 190Khalidi Walid 22n24Khartoum Declaration 19 135 151 159Kibbutz Megido 90King Martin Luther 75 231The Kingdom (film) 62kinship 56 57 68n36Knesset 131 132 140 183 188 218Kramer Martin 187 188Kristalnacht 185Ku Klux Klan 79kuffiyeh factory in Hebron 40Kuhn Thomas 49 132Kurds 65 235Kuwait 144 153 154 159Kweli Talib 62

Llabor

globalization and rights 223 224Jewish vs Palestinian 192 196

laicism 64Lajee Center 42 239Lajun (Palestinian village) 31 90land for peace 133The Land of Israel Past and Present

(Ben Gurion and Ben Zvi) 14Larsquoor Yitzak 61Laurens Henri 208Law and Governance Article 18A 132Law of Return 113 114 125n22 131

152

INDEX

291

The Law In These Parts 187League of Nations

failure to prevent war 51mandatory system 89 95Palestine Mandate 20 89

Lebanonagricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103Christian groups in 138in decolonization era 116 117Israeli invasion of 182Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 137 138 141 142political compromises in 182refugee camps in 9 118 121 137 138

141unrest in 154

legal and advocacy tools for change 238 239

Letters of Mutual Recognition 161 162Leunig Michael 3Levi Primo 185 216Leviev 240Levy Gideon 216Liberia 79 80 81Libya 154Lifta (village) 31 43Likud Party 60Little Town of Bethlehem (film) 231Lubavitcher Jews 77 78Lydda ethnic cleansing of 155 156 211

212

MMadrid Conference 153 159 160Maghreb 112 113Maghrebi neighborhood in East Jerusalem

133Magnes Judah 43 211Maher Bill 57Mahmoud (al Walajeh resident) 30 31Maimonides 214 216Mali 154Malthus Thomas 239Mamdani Mahmood 53 70n81

Mamilla Cemetery Jerusalem 61Mandate Palestine See British Mandatory

PalestineMandela Nelson 50 188 189Mandelbaum Gate 221Mansfield Michael 236 237Maquiladoras 224market systems global 222Marshall George C 103Marx Karl 73 77 216Massachusetts Bay Colony 78Massad Joseph 77Maureenrsquos story 220 224Mauritania 154 160Mavi Marmara (ship) 141 168mawat 134McCarthyism 78McMahon Henry 95media mainstream 4 28Mekorot 240Merchant of Venice (Shakespeare) 74 75Mexico 224Middle Ages 12 23n37militarism 182 223 224Mirarsquos story 216 217Misgav Uri 186Modirsquoin Illit settlement 157Molad 243monotheism 214 220 221Moroccan Quarter in East Jerusalem

133Morocco 154 160Morris Benny 22n24 107n75 186

209 211Motorola sanctions against 240Moving Towards Home (Jordan) 56mowing the lawn 153 168Moynihan Daniel Patrick 228n65Mubarak Hosni 141Multi-National Peacekeeping force

138multiculturalism 55 56 78 79Museum of Tolerance 61Museum on the Seam 221Muslim Brotherhood 156Muslims

Arab 58

INDEX

292

Islamic waqf of 8 18 52Jews and prior to Zionism 11 12

23n37Palestinian factions of 136population transfers 64world population of 10

Mussolini Benito 64My Promised Land (Shavit) 211

NNabi Saleh West Bank

Halamish settlement and 29protests and demonstrations in 183 239spring water access in 29 38 40 183tear gas canister garlands in 241Zionist observations of 212

Nablus West Bank 12 32 46 48n64 161Nader Ralph 5Nakba (the Catastrophe) See also War of

Independenceagreement of facts about 18 24 25n64

180beginning of 102 107n67end of 8 9Israeli school curriculum and 237Jaffa and 34 212Operation Dani in 155 156 170n43Palestinians displaced in 113 155 156

197Palestinians in Israel following 118 119planting over villages destroyed in 90soft Zionism and 211Soviet military aid to Israel during 115statistics on 22n23Zochrot and 43

Nakhleh Khalil 220Nasser Daoud 33Nasser Gamal Abdel 117 118 122ndash124

136Nasserism 97nation and nationalism 50 62ndash66

history of 64 65human rights violations and 64 65language and 65mediating institutions 63 70n76in Middle East 65modern nation states 63 70n74 76

Palestinians and 235prehistory to nationalism 70n80racialclassificationcomparedto64religion and 64Zionism and 235

Nation of Islam 77national identity 113 114National Priority Areas (NPA) 131Native Americans 58 68n44 227n39Nazis 185 186 210Negev Israel

Bedouins in 41 91human rights groups and 4Judaization of 16 41 91 131oil possibilities in 116Palestinian community in 28Peel Commission Report and 99refugees from 24n52

Negotiations Support Unit of PA 51neocolonialism 53 56Nestlersquos boycott against 240Netanyahu Benjamin

Abu Mazen and 151American-Israeli relations and 227n50Bar Ilan University speech and 163Oslo process and 161pacificationofPalestiniansand32post-post-Zionism and 21n21violence and 155

Neuhaus Richard John 70n76ldquonew Jewsrdquo 111 112 192New York Times 5 32NGOs See non-governmental organizations

(NGOs)Nicaragua 183Nilirsquoin (village) 40 183 239911 terrorist attacks 59 61 78 157 163972 Magazine 32Nixon Richard 138Nobel Peace Prize (1979) 140non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

Israeli 28 40 43Palestinian 40 47n35 199social justice and 222 223 229n74tools for change and 237 238

Nordau Max 88 195 196Noriega Manuel 183

INDEX

293

North Africa 112Northern Ireland 12Norway 240NPA (National Priority Areas) 131nuclear weapons 217 218 228n56Nueva Vida 229n75

oObama Barack 79observer entity Palestine as 139 167 181observer state Palestine as 19 165 167

181 218 219Occupation 129ndash144 See also Israeli set-

tlementsas apartheid (See apartheid)bilateral challenges and 179 180domestic challenges and 180effects on agriculture of Palestinians

142 146n81as elephant in the room 6establishment of 86in Israeli textbooks xvIsraelis opposed to 28 36 38 183 193

218Israelrsquos establishment of 130ndash135oppression of Palestinians and 12 15

16 27 28 46n2 90permitting processes in 198planning and implementation of 132

133resistance by Palestinians 5 135ndash138soft Zionism and 211superpowers and 134ndash136tragic spiral and 138ndash144as trap 7witnessing by American Jewish leaders

238Occupied Golan Heights See Golan HeightsOccupied Palestinian Territories See also

Gaza West Bankldquobreak their bonesrdquo Israeli conduct in

150 156containment within 33ndash39dangers to Israel in 183 217 218geographic divides and 154 155 158

191Israeli control of 20

Israelrsquos encouragement of settlements within 54

population in 9 10OCHA (UN Office for the Coordination of

Humanitarian Affairs) 43oil interests 59 115 116ldquooil shockrdquo 139Ojibwa people 227n39Okin Susan Muller 55 56Old New Land (Herzl) 196Old Testament 11ldquoolimrdquo 78Olim Berlin 78Olim Prague 78Olmert Ehud 45 187 190Olympics in Munich (1972) 137Oman 154 160Omar (film) 41one-state solution See also two-state solu-

tionalternatives to 70n87apartheid and 242civil rights struggle and 44 166 167

243increased interest in 66Transjordan option and 20

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 69n54 139

Open Hillels 44 239Operation Cast Lead

criticism of Israel and 182FreeGazaflotillaand168genocide comparisons 186ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163trip to PalestineIsrael during 71Zionist defense of 215

Operation Dani 155 156 170n43Operation Defensive Shield 151 182Operation Pillar of Defense 153 163 182Operation Protective Edge

anti-Semitism and 61BDS and sanctions and 165British support for Gaza in 219cause of 166FreeGazaflotillaand168

INDEX

294

Gaza as a woman and 57genocide comparisons 186Israeli militarism and 182ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163skepticism about 209US suspension of air travel during 239Zionist defense of 215

ldquoOreosrdquo 75Organization of Petroleum Exporting

Countries (OPEC) 69n54 139orientalism 58Orthodox Jews 32 47n40 48n64 77

78 100 101 113 See also ultra-Orthodox Jews

Oslo AccordsCamp David Summit and 162failure of 161 162 164Netanyahu and 161Palestinian acceptance of 19peace process and 155settlement expansion after 152Taba negotiations and 51two-state solution and 65 159 160 161water shortages and 161 164West Bank divisions and 10 104 161

164otherness embracing of 77ndash79Ottoman Empire

Arab revolt against 95 96dismemberment of lands of 94 95end of 76 91 92Herzl and 88land laws 134 141land records from 33ruling of land of IsraelPalestine 13 64Tanzimat reforms 93 94

Oz Amos 212

Ppacification 32 33 99 150Pakistan 64Palestine See also IsraelPalestine

Occupied Palestinian Territories Palestinians

as choice for Jewish homeland 80

Christian communities in 8competing claims on 8 13 52 65 232de-Arabization of 100 102 117history of 234Jewish communities in 8 12 92 96ldquoland without a peoplerdquo 207 225n4news coverage of 5as observer entity 139 167 181as observer state 19 165 167 181 218

219Peel Commission Report and 98 99in pre-state period 96ndash100UN designation of land for 8villages destroyed in 9 22n24 103Zionist immigration to 87 89 91 92

98 100Palestine Arab Congress 97Palestine Arab Delegation 85Palestine Fair Trade Association 40Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

commitments of declared by Arafat 162diverse factions of 136 137elections awaited by 199formation of 122 136as independent national authority 139

140 159Jordan and 136 137Lebanon and 137 138 141 142merging with Fatah 122 136national unity and 243Rabat Declaration and 158two-state solution and 65United States exclusion of 143 144

153 160weakening in Ramallah 158

Palestine National Congress (PNC) 143Palestine Office 91 92Palestine Peace not Apartheid (Carter) 189Palestine Strategy Study Group 243Palestine Zionist Executive 92Palestinian Authority

Adnanrsquos story and 51applications to ICC and ICJ 165 238establishment of 159 161national unity and 243Oslo agreements and 19 164Rome Statue of ICC and 167

INDEX

295

UN and 183 198 199Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) 156Palestinian Legislative Council 166 199

243Palestinian National Council 199 243Palestinian Rebellion 100Palestinian refugees

appropriation of land from 119discrimination against 131Jewish refugees compared to 113numbers of xviii xviii n14 24n52in refugee camps 9 10 104 118 121right of return xviii n14 15at time of Israeli state formation 103

Palestinian story 109 110Palestinian vs Israeli deaths 184Palestinians See also Palestine

in administrative detention 120child-naming practices 23n32Christian 8 9 33 97 183 218civilian casualties 55containment of 33ndash39creativity and resilience of 40ndash43as demographic threat 217 218Diaspora community of 104 239 241discrimination against 131 132distribution in IsraelPalestine 9educational attainment of xviii 28 40

46n6 72 238efforts to pacify 141 142elections held by 165 166expulsion of (See expulsion of

Palestinians)food shortages and 187 188 196General Strike by 98globalization and 223 224Hamas charter statements 18human rights violations by 54 55

67n24internal displacement of 9 24n52 34

90 103 118 119in Israel following Nakba 118 119as Israeli citizens 114 119 120

130ndash132 182 183 191Israeli state creation and 118ndash122killed and wounded in Gaza 32Kuwaitrsquos expulsion of 144

land captured from 92lobbying efforts to British 97as long term residents of IsraelPalestine

13media presentation of 28under military rule 119 120 130 132

191 197 198mob killings by 100 101Muslim 9 97 183national identity of 65 66 96 97 235need for national unity 243Occupation and (See under Occupation)pacificationof3233peace process and 154ndash158 164population of xvii xviii n13in pre-state period 89 96ndash102prohibited to live with spouses 31proverb 231refugees (See Palestinian refugees)as ldquoresidentsrdquo of East Jerusalem 130

133Resolution 242 and 135rock-throwing by children 5safety of 217 219self-determination pursuit by 16shared ancestry with Jews 14 15Six Day War and 124 130stereotypes of 5 7storyofdifficultiesinsharing4ndash6

PalTel 40pan-Arabism 97 117 123 136 235Panama 183Pappe Ilan 186 198Paradise Now (film) 41Paraguay 165particularism 212 213 214 217Partition Plan 102 115 116 141Patinkin Mandy 165Paulrsquos story 27 43peace camp 33 34peace process 149ndash168

changing boundaries and 104failure of 168firstIntifada and 155human rights and 164ndash168Israelis and 150ndash153 160 163 164Palestinians and 154ndash158 164

INDEX

296

superpowers and 153 154tragic spiral 155ndash164United States and 144 152

Peel Commission Report 65 98ndash100 197Peled-Elhanan Nurit xvPeled-Elhanan Smadar xvPeled Matti xvPeled Miko xvPeled Yoav xvpension funds and BDS 240permitting processes 198Peru 165Peterrsquos story 63PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of

Palestine) 136 156Philistines 13Picot Francois Georges 94PIJ (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) 156Pilgrims American 78pine trees planted in Palestine 90pink-washing 47n40Pinochet Augusto 214 215Pitersberg Gabriel 61Plan Dalet (Plan D) 102 103 107n75PLO See Palestine Liberation Organization

(PLO)PNC (Palestine National Congress) 143Poitier Sidney 81n10Poland 64political Islam

American race relations and 59Arab states and 244blacks as superpatriots and 62otherness and 78Palestinianflirtationwith16235pan-Arab unity and 97

politicide 199polytheism 214Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

(PFLP) 136 156population transfers 16 20 54 64 99 197post-post-Zionism 21 22n21post-Zionism 21n21Powell Colin 62pre-state period in history of Zionism

great powers in 93ndash96Palestinians in 96ndash100

tragic spiral 100ndash105Zionists in 87ndash93

present absentees 118 119price tag attacks 32Prince Stephen 177prophetic vs Constantinian Judaism 227n45protection gap 121Proust Marcel 216psychological warfare 188Ptolemy 49

QQalandiya checkpoint 149 235 236Qalqilya West Bank 161Qatar 160Qibya West Bank 117Quakers 240Qurrsquoan 11Quran Fadi 40

RR2P (Responsibility to Protect) 53Rabat Declaration 139 140 159Rabin Yitzhak 155 156 161 162 170n43race 50 56ndash62

anti-Arab racism 59ndash62 196 197blacks as superpatriots 62invidious nature of distinctions 58power and 58 59relations in the United States 59scientificdefinitionof5862as social construction 58 190

racial privilege 58 59racism 59ndash62 181 190 196 197 218Rakeek Mariam Abu 28Ramallah West Bank 28 161 183 241Ramle ethnic cleansing of 155 156Ras a-Tire (village) 157Rashomon effect 177Ravitch Diane 212Rawabi West Bank 223realpolitik 6 233Reconstruction failure of 79Red Scare 78Reel Bad Arabs (documentary) 5reform 75ndash77 81nn9amp10Reformation 87

INDEX

297

refugee campsexpelled Palestinians in 9 10 104 118

121numbers in 24n52rationing of water and electricity to 191in surrounding countries 9 10 24n52

104 118 121 141in West Bank and Gaza 9 24n52 118

Refugee Convention of 1951 121 122Refugee Protocol (1967) 121 122regional power struggles 179religion

human rights and 52 53nationalism and 64

resistance as a tool for change 239Responsibility to Protect (R2P) 53Ricardo David 239Rice Condoleezza 62Richardrsquos story 3 4Rihanna 165Riwaq 40Road Map 163Romania 182Romanov empire 64Rome Statute of ICC 167Roots (TV mini-series) 80Rose Tricia 82n19Ruffalo Mark 165Ruppin Arthur 195 196Russell Tribunal 190 236Russia

alliance with Egypt 137ndash139Cold War and 115global economy and 59Herzl and 88Jewish immigrants from 152 160peace process and 159 160recognition of Israel 116Six Day War and 123 124Sykes-Picot Agreement and 94 95WWI and 88 89

Al Ruwwad Childrenrsquos Dance Theater 42

Sal Sabawi Khaled 42Sabeel 186Sabra 111

Sabra refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Sadat Anwar 140 244safety promise of 216ndash219Said Edward 164ndash166Said-Foqahaa Nader 129 130Salaita Steven 242Samaritans 12 46 48n64Samuel Herbert 88Santayana George 234ldquoSaturday Night Massacrerdquo 138Saudi Arabia 103 116 154 179school bus crash 18secessionist movements 64second (Al Aqsa) Intifada See Intifada

secondsecular humanism 220 221 See also

universalismuniversal humanismSegev Tom 15 111 216self-ghettoization Zionism as 212ndash216separation barrier Israeli

around homes 39attempts to breach 192containment and 33ICJ on 157 218national security as rationale for 156

179Palestinian labor exclusion and 192protests and 40roboticization of 242suicide bombings and 156 171n54

September 11 terrorist attacks See 911 terrorist attacks

service work as a tool for change 239settler only roads 134 191Shaftsbury Earl of 225n4Shah of Iran 141 159Shahian Abdel Aziz 25n74Shakespeare William 74 75Shamir Yitzhak 194Shamir Yoav 181Shapira Anita 24n54 101 107n63Shapira Yonatan 57 231Sharon Ariel

counter-proposal to two-state solution 143

election of 163

INDEX

298

Gazan resistance and 158massacre in Qibya and 117pacificationofWestBankand141refugee camp massacres and 138second Intifada and 157settlement building and 134war on Arab terror and 61

Shatila refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Shavit Ari 101 105n6 180 211 212Sheikh Jerrah East Jerusalem 38 39Shepherd Matthew 210Sherwood Harriet 22 23n26 225n14Shlaim Avi 99Shula Alonirsquos story 189shuttle diplomacy 163Shylock (in Merchant of Venice) 74 75Siegman Henry 218 219Sierra Leone 79Simon Wiesenthal Center 61Sinai Peninsula 134 135 138 139 140Six Day War (1967)

as ldquodefensive warrdquo 123 133expulsions during 197Israeli control of historic Palestine and

9 15 45 124 130 182situation leading to 122ndash124

slavery 5 58 73 76 79Slovak Republic 64Smith Adam 239Smith Charles D 137Sneh Ephraim 180 181 227n50social media positive effects of 222 See

also Facebook postssocialism 76 77 101 110sociocide as term xv 198 199 236 See

also ethnic cleansingsociocidesoft Zionism 211 226n23Somoza Anastasio 183South Africa apartheid system in 12 45

153 186 188ndash193 233 234Soviet Union

Cold War and 114 115 117 118 152collapse of 61 144 152invasion of Hungary 118 124Jews from 92Occupation and resistance and 134

peace process and 159 160spaciocide 199Spain 64 65 159 160 240sperm smuggling 242Spielberg Steven 79Spinoza Baruch 73 216starvation 187 188 196State of Emergency 119 130State Stamp Law (1949) 132Straights of Tiran 123 140Straw Jack 96Streisand Barbara 79The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

(Kuhn) 132Sudan 154Suez Canal 118 123 140 182Suez Crisis xvisuicide bombings xv 55 156 192summer circus camp 42sumud 16supermarket chains and BDS 240superpowers

in ancient IsraelPalestine 13ascollectiveactorinconflict10ndash13in decolonization era 114ndash118misuse of human rights doctrines 53 56Occupation and resistance and 134ndash136peace process and 153 154in pre-state period 93ndash96recent domination in Palestine 13 16two-state solution and 151

Sykes Mark 94Sykes-Picot agreement 88 94ndash97Syria

agricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103civil war in 182claim on Golan Heights 9 23n26 152conflictin18current 141in decolonization era 116 117Egyptrsquos rivalry with 122Fatah support by 122Madrid Conference and 160Palestine imagined as province of 97refugee camps in 9 10 118 121

INDEX

299

refugees from 182Resolution 242 and 139 140Six Day War and 123 124support of Palestinian factions by 122

136unrest in 154Yom Kippur War and 138

TTaba Talks of 2001 162 163Tacitus 149Tahrir Square 222Tamimi Bassem 207 219Tamimi Bilal and Manal 38Tamimi Mostafa 38Tanzimat reforms 93ldquoTaxirdquo (Hammad) 56Taybeh Beer Brewery 40Teach for America 60Tel Aviv boardwalk 35Tel Aviv Israel 43 112 156 193 239Ten Point Program 146n71Tent of Nations 33 34Tessler Mark 17Thant U 123three-family story 194 195Three Norsquos of Khartoum 19 135Thucydides 129Transjordan option 20 25n75transnational market forces 6tribalism 213 214 217Truman Doctrine 115Truman Harry 115 116truth and reconciliation commissions 6Tulkarem West Bank 161 241Tunis Tunisia 143 155Tunisia

Arab Spring in 154Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 138 142 154 155

TurkeyArab Jews in 112aspirations of 179FreeGazaflotillaand168173n117ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140Israeli alliance with 117 141

population transfers and 64Turks See Ottoman EmpireTutu Desmond 3 189 19024 (TV show) 62two-state solution See also one-state

solutionalternatives to 70n87 166apartheid and 190failure of 66First Intifada and 143great powers and 151Green Line and 8 9 19 43human rights standards and 10Israeli settlements and 133 134land division and 43national liberation struggle and 243origins and resurfacing of 65Rabat Declaration and 159Resolution 181 and 235

Tzabar Shimon 129

UUAR (United Arab Republic) 118 122 123UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human

Rights) 50ndash52 56Uganda 8 14 80 87Ukraine 64 92Ulpan plan 92Ulrichrsquos story 185ultra-Orthodox Jews 31 35 77 78 101

See also Orthodox JewsUm al Fahm Israel 194 195Um Kammal 38 39UN Human Rights Commission 61UN Conciliation Commission on Palestine

(UNCCP) 121 122UN General Assembly

admission of PLO 139 167on Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54recognition of Palestine as observer

state 218 219Resolution 181 8 65 101 115

135 235UN High Commissioner for Refugees

(UNHCR) 121 122UN Human Rights Council 181

INDEX

300

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) 43

UN Relief Works Agency (UNRWA) xviii n14 22n23 121 122

UN Security Councilon Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54Resolution 242 134 135 162Resolution 338 162

UNESCO 167 181United Arab Emirates 65United Arab Republic (UAR) 118 122 123United Kingdom 64 65United Nations

at Madrid Conference 160Palestinian Authority and 199partitioning of historic Palestine 8 101

121protocols for protecting refugees 121refugee camps 104Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(UDHR) 50upgrading of Palestinersquos status 181 182Zionism and 214

United StatesAmerican Indians in 58 68n44anti-Arab anti-Muslim prejudice in

59ndash62Arab world awareness in 209Arafat and PLO rejected by 143 144

153 160arms delivery delays by 239BDS precedents in 240Bill of Rights 51blacks as superpatriots in 62blindness and deafness in 236Cold War and 115 117 118 124 139

152colonies in 219Declaration of Independence 68n44Egypt rejected by 117 118GI Bill of Rights 58grassroots social movements in 222Great Society project 228n65human rights standards ignored by 241Immigration and Nationality Act of

1965 58

importanceinconflict243244Israel as liability to 182Israeli-American alliance 116 138 139

152 153 217 227n50Israelrsquos special relationship with 98Jewish community in 44 80 89 91

114 116military aid to Egypt 140Occupation and resistance and 134occupation of Germany 132operations in IsraelPalestine 13 16Palestinian Authority and 161Palestinian elections and 166peace process and 144 152 153

158ndash160race riot responses in 150restrictive immigration policies 111Six Day War and 124suspension of air travel to Tel Aviv 239

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 50ndash52 56

universal jurisdiction 214 215universalismuniversal humanism 46 214

217universities and BDS 240university campuses prejudice on 59 60Uris Leon 208Uruguay 165US State Department 32USAID 229n74Use of Hebrew Date Law (1998) 132Ussishkin Menachem 195 196

VVenezuela 165Veolia 240Verwoerd Hendrik 189veteranrsquos preference 131Vietnam French in 219Vietnam War 134Vietnamese Liberation Front 124vigilantism 32 241 245n30village leagues 141violence

ahistorical presentation of 5resistance and 183state-sponsored 222

INDEX

301

vigilante 32voter suppression 76 82n13

WWadi al Narsquoam Israel 42Wadi Rasha (village) 157Wailing (Western) Wall in Old City 100

112al Walajeh (village) 30 31 133Waltz with Bashir (film) 219Wannsee Conference 187waqf Islamic 8 18 52War of Independence 8 9 103 111 115

116 182 See also Nakba (the Catastrophe)

water shortages 161 164Watergate scandal 138Waxmann Rivka and Haim 109ldquoWe Killed Jesus Wersquore Proud of Itrdquo

(YouTube video) 18Weber Max 49 81n6Weissglass Dov 158 159 187Weizmann Chaim 88 195 196West Bank

division into areas 10 104 161 164efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143efforts to pacify 141firstIntifada and 154 155free trade zones in 224Israeli control of 139 140 150Jewish settlements in 22 23n26 29

133 134 152Jordanian control of 8 9 104 117 118

135 137negotiations and 153new city in 224Palestinian population in 9refugee camps in 9 118Samaritans in 12 46 48n64separation barrier appropriation of land

in 156two-state solution and 159vigilante violence in 32

West Beirut Lebanon 138Western Sahara 154

White Paper of 1921 98 99White Paper of 1939 100 111Who Profits 28 43 239 242Wilson Woodrow 89witchcraft accusations of Pilgrims 78Wolfe Alan 214womenrsquos movement American 222World Trade Organization (WTO) 59 179

222World War I 88 89 94World War II

American occupation of Germany after 132

Great Britain and 104human rights framework and 51 53racial disadvantage after 74reduced to Holocaust 61Zionism and 8 100 101 111

World Zionist Organization (WZO) 87ndash89 234

WTO (the World Trade Organization) 59 179 222

Wye River memorandum 162WZO (World Zionist Organization) 87ndash89

234

YYad Larsquoachim 245n30Yasminersquos story 71 72Yehoshua AB 215Yemen 112 154Yiftachel Oren 243Yishuv 91 100 101 197Yitzachi Aryeh 109Yom Kippur War (1973) 69n54 138 139

182 231 232Young Cynthia 62Yugoslavia 64Yurirsquos story 57Yuvalrsquos story 231 232

ZZangwill Israel 195 196 207 225n4Zapatistas 222Zeidan Mohammad 131Ziadeh Rafif 41

INDEX

302

Zionism 71ndash82 207ndash224 See also pre-state period in history of Zionism Zionists

claim to ownership of IsraelPalestine 13 65 66

as colonization 178contradictions of 195ndash197criticism of 209ethnic cleansing and 196 208ndash212fear of assimilation and 87genocide framework and 186 187global empires and 64globalization and 220ndash224history of 7 8 234 235Holocaust and 8 73 100 101 208ndash211human rights violations and 7inversion of 78ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140 141Israeli-Palestinianconflictand12ndash16

23n38 72 73Jewish homeland vs Jewish state and 7

43 44Jewish identity and 215 216Jewish-Muslim relations prior to 11 12

23n37as Jewish nationalism 235nationalist movement of 66ldquonew Jewsrdquo and 111 112origins of 87

as Palestinian disaster 211parallels to back-to-Africa movement

80 81pioneering mentality 7 21n21psychology of 101rejection of 212 213safety and 216ndash219as self-ghettoization 212ndash216shared ancestry with Palestinians and

14 15Six Day War and 124socialist labor variant of 101universal vs particular in 214 215use of force and 15 24n54

Zionist Commission for Palestine 91 92Zionist Congress eighth (1907) 196Zionist Congress fifth (1901) 89Zionist Congress first (1897) 87 88 196Zionist Organization 87ndash89 91 92 97Zionists See also Zionism

Christian 12 208 225n7expulsion of Palestinians by (See

expulsion of Palestinians)Partition Plan and 102in pre-state period 87ndash93 98 102ldquosoftrdquo 211 226n23in United States 208 225n7

Zochrot (Remembrance) 28 43 237 242Zonszein Mairav 245n30

• REFERENCES
• INDEX

INDEX

284

Epstein Yitzhak 193 194 196Erdogan Recep Tayyip 173n117eruvin 77 78Ethiopia 92ethnic cleansingsociocide

as framework 193ndash199genocide compared to 187 209of Lyda and Ramle 155 156 211 212Zionism as 209ndash212

ethnocentrism 213 214European Union

boycotts from 218 219 243importanceinconflict243244Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Authority and 161Palestinian elections and 166Palestinian human rights and 181

ldquoEurozionism and its Discontentsrdquo (Pitersberg) 61

Eversquos stories 85 86 149 221exit 79ndash81Exodus (Uris) 81n10 208expulsion of Palestinians

during and after Nakba 8 9 102ndash104indigeneity and 15as Israeli strategy 30 31from Lydda and Ramle 155 156Six Day War and 197statistics on 22n23 113use of force for 15 24n54

extremist groups and views 18 25n65

fFacebook posts 32 78 232facts on the ground 133 152 167 197 209Faculty for Israeli-Palestinian Peace xvFalk Richard 21n4Family Circle of the Bereaved 239family unification 31 114 131 191 242Fanon Franz 136Farouk King (of Egypt) 117Fatah 122 136 156 165 166fear 213 232fedayeen 136fictive kinship 68n36film industry 40 41first Intifada See Intifada first

Fisher Max 228n56Five Broken Cameras (film) 41Flag and Emblem Law (1949) 132food shortages 187 188 196Fourth Geneva Convention Article 49 544th Arab League Summit (1967) 19Foxx Jamie 62frameworks 177ndash199

apartheid 188ndash193ethnic cleansingsociocide 193ndash199genocide 185ndash188human rights 6 7 50 (See also human

rights)Israeli self-defense 178ndash184nationalism 50 (See also nation and

nationalism)race 50 (See also race)for understanding Israeli-Palestinian conflict64950

FranceAlgerian revolution against 115 136

219Dimona reactor and 115Egypt invaded by 118head scarves ban in 70n81laicism in 64Lebanon and Syriarsquos independence from

116Six Day War and 124Sykes-Picot Agreement and 94 95 97in Vietnam 219

Frankfurter Felix 89Free Gaza flotilla 168Free Trade Agreement talks 165Freedom from Fear (Aung San Suu Kyi) 50ldquoFreedom Ridesrdquo 40Freedom Summer 238Freud Sigmund 73 216

GGainsbourg Serge 216Galilee 16 28 99 104 131Galileo 49Garroutte Eva 58Garvey Marcus 79gay rights movement 81n9 210 222Gaza

INDEX

285

depicted as a woman 57destruction in 166 186Disengagement Plan and 158efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143Egyptian control of 8 9 104 117 118firstIntifada and 154 155FreeGazaflotillaand168231genocide and 186health clinics in 199Israeli control of 139 150 158Israeli raid on 117Israeli security concerns and 43Israeli use of violence against 153 158

163Jewish settlements in 152military rule established in 132as open-air prison 191Operation Cast Lead in (See Operation

Cast Lead)Operation Pillar of Defense in 153 163

182Operation Protective Edge in (See

Operation Protective Edge)Palestinian population in 9Peel Commission Report and 99refugee camps in 9 24n52 118 142rocketfirefrom55217218two-state solution and 159UN peacekeepers removed from 123

Gaza Community Mental Health Center 239

Gellner Ernest 62 63 70n77Gelvin James 136 142gender stereotypes 58General Strike 98 235The Generalrsquos Son (Miko Peled) xvgenetic research and claims of indigeneity

14 15Geneva Conventions on the Rules of War

50ndash54 132Geneva Initiative 158 163genocide

ethnic cleansing compared to 187 209as framework 185ndash188

Germany 64 88 89 115GI Bill of Rights 58 74 131

Ginsburg Asher 211globalizationdefined221Zionism and 220ndash224

Go Palestine summer camp 239Golan Heights

Israeli control of 150Israeli settlements in 9 22 23n26 134

152Syrian incursions from 123Syriarsquos claim on 9 23n26 152Yom Kippur War and 138ndash140

Goldstein Baruch 36 155Goldstone Report 67n24Gouldner Alvin 49grassroots social movements 6Great Britain See also British Empire Brit-

ish Mandatory PalestineCold War and 115decolonization of Arab countries 116

117Egypt invaded by 118in India 219during pre-state period 94ndash100 111sanctions against Israel and 165Six Day War and 124state church in 64Truman and 115 116War of Independence and 104

Greece 64Green Linedefinitionof89erased from textbooks 59Israelrsquos boundaries and 19 20Israelrsquos growth to 104road network and 54separation barrier and 33through Jerusalem 221

green-washing 35Guess Whorsquos Coming to Dinner (film)

81n10Gulf of Aqaba 140

HHarsquoam Ahad 211Harsquoaretz 129Haddad Heskel 23n37

INDEX

286

Haganah 92 102Halamish settlement 29Hallowell A Irving 227n39Hamas

execution of collaborators 33Fatah rivalry with 165food shortages and 187ndash188Israeli operations against 151Israelrsquos early supporttolerance of 156

183Palestinian 2006 elections and 163 166

198Palestinian statements in charter 18 60second Intifada and 158

Hammad Suheir 41 56Hammerman Ilana 242Hamoked 238Hapsburg empire 64 76Haram-al-Sharif 71 72 157Harlem Renaissance 74Haysbert Dennis 62health care system Palestinian 41Hebrew language 65Hebrew textbooks 59Hebron West Bank

description and photos of 35ndash37Israeli soldier in 27kuffiyehfactoryin40Orthodox Jews murdered in 100settler neighborhoods in 134West Bank division and 161Zionist observations of 211 212

heritage tourism 80Herzl TheodordefinitionofJewsand215218firstZionistCongressand8788letter from Arab leader to 96quotes of 19 61 71 85Zionist contradictions and 195 196

Herzliya Conference (2010) 187Hidalgo (film) 58 59hijab 58 59Hillel Rabbi 215Hillels campus 44 92 239Hindus 64Hitler Adolf 64 187Hoffman Alice 27

Hohenzollern empire 64 76Holland 240Holocaust

European Islamophobia and 61genocide framework and 186human rights framework and 51 53number killed in 210 226n16self-defense framework and 180 181survivors of (See Holocaust survivors)Zionist movement and 8 73 100 101

208ndash211Holocaust survivors

criticisms of Gaza massacre by 32fear for safety and 216 217Israel as safe haven for 7 111 112Jewish Agency and 92taxes on reparations to 21n20Zionism and 101

ldquohouse in a boxrdquo 39human agency 52 53human rights

environmental sustainability and 43 52as framework for understanding 6 7 15

232 233of groups 55 56inter-state vs intra-state violence and 52international support for 164ndash168Israelrsquos lack of compliance 134key documents 50 52political 51religion and 52 53safety and 217selective application of standards 52

70n81social and economic 51 76 77standards 4 6 7 10 21n4 232 233

241violations of 40 44 53ndash55weak enforcement of 10 52 56

Human Rights Watch 214Hungary 118 124Huntington Samuel 220Hussein bin Ali King 95Hussein King (of Jordan) 122 135 137

139 140 159Hussein-McMahon correspondence 88

94ndash96

INDEX

287

Hussein Saddam 61 143 153 159 160 183

hybridity 58 59

IIbrahimi Mosque 36 155ICC See International Criminal Court (ICC)ICJ See International Court of Justice (ICJ)ideal type 81n6IDF See Israeli Defense Forces (IDF)Illuz Eva 218India 59 64 160 219International Committee of the Red Cross

54international competitions and BDS 240International Court of Justice (ICJ)

and Fourth Geneva Convention Article 49 54

PA application to 165 172n96 238Palestinersquos upgraded status and 181on separation barrier 157 218Zionism and 214

International Criminal Court (ICC)focus on African cases and individuals

53and Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 67n18PA application to 165 167 172n96 238Palestinersquos upgraded status and 181Rome Statute of 167Zionism and 214

International Solidarity Movement 168Intifada first 19 142ndash144 150ndash156Intifada second

beginning of 157 163in history of Palestinian response to

Zionism 235lynching of Israelis during 241911 and 157 158repression of armed struggle in 192results of 158suicide bombings during 156 192

IranAmerican-Israeli relations and 227n50Arab Jews in 112aspirations of 179ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140

Islamic state installed in 141Israeli alliance with 117 141nuclear weapons and 217 218 228n56Sneh on 181

Iran-Iraq War 141 159Iraq 61

Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103current 141in decolonization era 116 117invasion of Iran 141invasion of Kuwait 144 153 159refugees from 182support of Palestinian factions by 136unrest in 154

iron curtain 114Iron Sheik 41ldquoiron wallrdquo 140ndash142Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women (Okin)

55 56Isaacrsquos story 213ISIS (Islamic State in Iraq and Syria) 59 61Islam

Arabization and 14disputes between branches of 65political (See political Islam)recognition of Jewish and Christian

antecedents 11 23n32Islamic Jihad 140 156Islamic Resistance Movement 18Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) 59 61Islamic waqf 8 18 52Islamophobia 5 58 61 157Israel See also Israelis

American alliance with 116 138 139 152 153 217 227n50

American knowledge of 7anti-discrimination laws in 91anti-Palestinian prejudice in 60 61Basic Laws of 113 114Battle of Karameh and 136bilateral challenges of 179 180 182boundaries of 19boycotts and sanctions against (See

boycotts sanctions and divestments (BDS) movement)

casualties of civilians of 55

INDEX

288

citizenship vs nationality 113 114 131control of historic Palestine 9 10 15

16 20democracy claims of 182 183domestic challenges of 180 182 183Egypt invaded by 118 182estimates of Palestinian refugee numbers

by 22n23food shortages and 187 188global challenges for 181 182globalization and 223 224Hamas and 156 183 187 188human rights standards and 242 243human rights violations by 53ndash55

67n24immigration of Arab Jews 112 113invasion by Arab armies 103Iranrsquos alliance with 117 141Jewish identity and 215Jewish immigrants to 34 131 149 152

153Jewish population of xvii xviii n12language struggles in 65militarism 182 223 224military rule of Palestinians 119 120

130 132 191 197 198national framework creation 110ndash114Nazi Germany comparisons 186 188nuclear weapons in 218Occupation by and resistance to 130ndash

134 183occupation of Golan Heights 23n26Occupied Territories and danger to 183

217 218one-state solution and 167operations against Palestinians 182Oslo Accords and 161 164Palestinian citizens of 114 119 120Palestinian elections and 166Palestinian land appropriated by 119peace process and 150ndash153 160 163

164peace treaty with Egypt 140 141peace treaty with Jordan 141PLO recognition by 162price tag attacks in 32

public sector employment discrimination in 132

raids on West Bank and Gaza 117regional challenges of 179 182religious disputes among Jews in 65Russia and 115 116safety in 217ndash219Six Day War and 122ndash124 130 182social services discrimination in 131

132special relationship with Great Britain

and US 98state creation 8 18 86 103 111State of Emergency declared by 119

130tourism 81Turkeyrsquos alliance with 117 141two-state solution and 167victimization emphasis of 73Yom Kippur War and 138ndash140 182young Jews leaving 78

Israel Day Parade 44IsraelPalestine

ancient groups dominating 13 23n39apartheid in (See apartheid)background information 7ndash10complexity of issues in 5 6division of land in 8emigration from 192 203n81 1963findingthetippingpointin241ndash244history of 86human rights issues in (See human

rights)indigenous populations of 14 15Israeli control of 9ndash10 15 16 20 197lessons from the past and 234ndash237media depiction of violence in 5Palestinian population in 9peace process in (See peace process)residents of 9 10search for just peace in 4 6 12size of 8 22n22tools for change in 165 237ndash241

Israeli Apartheid Weeks 239Israeli-Arab wars 113Israeli Defense Forces (IDF)

INDEX

289

Aida refugee camp and 192creation of 92Disengagement Plan and 158expulsion of Palestinians by 8 22n23Jewish immigrants and 34 149killing of Palestinians by 155Operation Protective Edge and 32vandalization of jeep of 44vigilantism and 245n30

Israeli graduate studentrsquos story 184Israeli High Court 157Israeli self-defense as framework 178ndash184

199Israeli settlements

containment and 33danger to settlers in 183 184expansion of 152 182 197 211

225n14 226n17following Six Day War 133 134as human rights violation 53 54labeling of products from 181media coverage of 5numbers of Jews living in 9population of 22 23n26 209 225n14as strategy to control Palestinians 29 30vigilante violence and 32 39

Israeli state early national periodIsraelis during 110ndash114Palestinians during 118ndash122superpowers 114ndash118tragic spiral 122ndash124

Israeli story 109Israeli Supreme Court 31 46nn9amp10 131

191Israeli vs Palestinian deaths 184Israelis See also Israel

blindness of 218 219 236opposed to Occupation 28 36 38 183

193 218self-interest and 243

Israelites 13 14 23n39Italy 64Itamar settlement 183

JJA (Jewish Agency) 87 92 102 234Jabalya refugee camp 142

Jabotinsky Vladimir 140 141 178 181 195 196

Jackson Jesse 60ldquoJaeckesrdquo 75Jaffa Israel 34 35 212Jaffa Muslim-Christian Council 18Jefferson Thomas 68n44Jenin West Bank 161Jericho West Bank 161Jerusalem See also East Jerusalem

Arab Quarter of Old City 71 72binational 243negotiations and 153seam line within 221settler neighborhoods in 134al Walajeh 30 31 133

Jerusalem-Bethlehem corridor 101Jewish Agency (JA) 87 92 102 234Jewish identity 215 216Jewish National Fund (JNF)

fundraising by 89 98 234Jewish Agency and 92Jewish nationality and 114 125n22Judaization and 91land management by 90 91land purchases by 89 94Zionism in the pre-state period and 87

89ndash92Jewish self-defense 177 178 See also

Israeli self-defenseJewish state vs Jewish homeland 7 43 44Jewish Voices for Peace 242Jews See also Israeli settlements Orthodox

Jews ultra-Orthodox Jews Zionism Zionists

admiration for 61American (See American Jews)Arab 59 92 111ndash113assimilation and 74 75 87 101Christians and in pre-modern era 11

12 23n37communities of in Palestine 8 12confrontation and 77 78Ethiopian 92European 73 76 77 80 111ndash113

124German 75 89

INDEX

290

immigrants to Israel 34 131 149 152 153 160

Israeli national rights for 113 114Muslims and prior to Zionism 11 12

23n37new 111 112 192Palestinian 8 12 92 96parallels to African American

experience 62 73ndash76population in Israel xvii xviii n12Promised Land of 8 52reform and 76Russian 152 160shared ancestry with Palestinians 14 15socialism and 76 77Soviet and post-Soviet 92turning on other Jews 44universalism and 46 214world population of 10

Jimmy Carter Center 166JNF See Jewish National Fund (JNF)Johnson Lyndon 124Jordan

Arab Jews in 112army invasion of Israel 103control of West Bank 8 9 104 117

118 135 137in decolonization era 116 117Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104peace treaty with Israel (1994) 141PLO in 136 137refugee camps in 9 10 118 121 137refugeeinfluxto182Six Day War and 123 124Transjordan option and 20 29unrest in 154

Jordan June 56Jordan River and Valley 123 134

241 242Judaism

Constantinian vs prophetic 227n45Herzl and 215 218self-ghettoization and 215 216survival of 220 221

Judaization of the land 11 15 16 42 60 91 131

Judis John 226n23Judt Tony 166

KKafka Franz 216Kahan Commission 138Kanazi Remi 41Karameh Battle of 136Karenrsquos story 210Karon Tony 190 215 220Kasrils Ronnie 186 190Kathleenrsquos story 178 179Kearney Michael 172n96Kennedy John F 149 244Keret Etgar 151Kerry John 44 163 190Khalidi Walid 22n24Khartoum Declaration 19 135 151 159Kibbutz Megido 90King Martin Luther 75 231The Kingdom (film) 62kinship 56 57 68n36Knesset 131 132 140 183 188 218Kramer Martin 187 188Kristalnacht 185Ku Klux Klan 79kuffiyeh factory in Hebron 40Kuhn Thomas 49 132Kurds 65 235Kuwait 144 153 154 159Kweli Talib 62

Llabor

globalization and rights 223 224Jewish vs Palestinian 192 196

laicism 64Lajee Center 42 239Lajun (Palestinian village) 31 90land for peace 133The Land of Israel Past and Present

(Ben Gurion and Ben Zvi) 14Larsquoor Yitzak 61Laurens Henri 208Law and Governance Article 18A 132Law of Return 113 114 125n22 131

152

INDEX

291

The Law In These Parts 187League of Nations

failure to prevent war 51mandatory system 89 95Palestine Mandate 20 89

Lebanonagricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103Christian groups in 138in decolonization era 116 117Israeli invasion of 182Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 137 138 141 142political compromises in 182refugee camps in 9 118 121 137 138

141unrest in 154

legal and advocacy tools for change 238 239

Letters of Mutual Recognition 161 162Leunig Michael 3Levi Primo 185 216Leviev 240Levy Gideon 216Liberia 79 80 81Libya 154Lifta (village) 31 43Likud Party 60Little Town of Bethlehem (film) 231Lubavitcher Jews 77 78Lydda ethnic cleansing of 155 156 211

212

MMadrid Conference 153 159 160Maghreb 112 113Maghrebi neighborhood in East Jerusalem

133Magnes Judah 43 211Maher Bill 57Mahmoud (al Walajeh resident) 30 31Maimonides 214 216Mali 154Malthus Thomas 239Mamdani Mahmood 53 70n81

Mamilla Cemetery Jerusalem 61Mandate Palestine See British Mandatory

PalestineMandela Nelson 50 188 189Mandelbaum Gate 221Mansfield Michael 236 237Maquiladoras 224market systems global 222Marshall George C 103Marx Karl 73 77 216Massachusetts Bay Colony 78Massad Joseph 77Maureenrsquos story 220 224Mauritania 154 160Mavi Marmara (ship) 141 168mawat 134McCarthyism 78McMahon Henry 95media mainstream 4 28Mekorot 240Merchant of Venice (Shakespeare) 74 75Mexico 224Middle Ages 12 23n37militarism 182 223 224Mirarsquos story 216 217Misgav Uri 186Modirsquoin Illit settlement 157Molad 243monotheism 214 220 221Moroccan Quarter in East Jerusalem

133Morocco 154 160Morris Benny 22n24 107n75 186

209 211Motorola sanctions against 240Moving Towards Home (Jordan) 56mowing the lawn 153 168Moynihan Daniel Patrick 228n65Mubarak Hosni 141Multi-National Peacekeeping force

138multiculturalism 55 56 78 79Museum of Tolerance 61Museum on the Seam 221Muslim Brotherhood 156Muslims

Arab 58

INDEX

292

Islamic waqf of 8 18 52Jews and prior to Zionism 11 12

23n37Palestinian factions of 136population transfers 64world population of 10

Mussolini Benito 64My Promised Land (Shavit) 211

NNabi Saleh West Bank

Halamish settlement and 29protests and demonstrations in 183 239spring water access in 29 38 40 183tear gas canister garlands in 241Zionist observations of 212

Nablus West Bank 12 32 46 48n64 161Nader Ralph 5Nakba (the Catastrophe) See also War of

Independenceagreement of facts about 18 24 25n64

180beginning of 102 107n67end of 8 9Israeli school curriculum and 237Jaffa and 34 212Operation Dani in 155 156 170n43Palestinians displaced in 113 155 156

197Palestinians in Israel following 118 119planting over villages destroyed in 90soft Zionism and 211Soviet military aid to Israel during 115statistics on 22n23Zochrot and 43

Nakhleh Khalil 220Nasser Daoud 33Nasser Gamal Abdel 117 118 122ndash124

136Nasserism 97nation and nationalism 50 62ndash66

history of 64 65human rights violations and 64 65language and 65mediating institutions 63 70n76in Middle East 65modern nation states 63 70n74 76

Palestinians and 235prehistory to nationalism 70n80racialclassificationcomparedto64religion and 64Zionism and 235

Nation of Islam 77national identity 113 114National Priority Areas (NPA) 131Native Americans 58 68n44 227n39Nazis 185 186 210Negev Israel

Bedouins in 41 91human rights groups and 4Judaization of 16 41 91 131oil possibilities in 116Palestinian community in 28Peel Commission Report and 99refugees from 24n52

Negotiations Support Unit of PA 51neocolonialism 53 56Nestlersquos boycott against 240Netanyahu Benjamin

Abu Mazen and 151American-Israeli relations and 227n50Bar Ilan University speech and 163Oslo process and 161pacificationofPalestiniansand32post-post-Zionism and 21n21violence and 155

Neuhaus Richard John 70n76ldquonew Jewsrdquo 111 112 192New York Times 5 32NGOs See non-governmental organizations

(NGOs)Nicaragua 183Nilirsquoin (village) 40 183 239911 terrorist attacks 59 61 78 157 163972 Magazine 32Nixon Richard 138Nobel Peace Prize (1979) 140non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

Israeli 28 40 43Palestinian 40 47n35 199social justice and 222 223 229n74tools for change and 237 238

Nordau Max 88 195 196Noriega Manuel 183

INDEX

293

North Africa 112Northern Ireland 12Norway 240NPA (National Priority Areas) 131nuclear weapons 217 218 228n56Nueva Vida 229n75

oObama Barack 79observer entity Palestine as 139 167 181observer state Palestine as 19 165 167

181 218 219Occupation 129ndash144 See also Israeli set-

tlementsas apartheid (See apartheid)bilateral challenges and 179 180domestic challenges and 180effects on agriculture of Palestinians

142 146n81as elephant in the room 6establishment of 86in Israeli textbooks xvIsraelis opposed to 28 36 38 183 193

218Israelrsquos establishment of 130ndash135oppression of Palestinians and 12 15

16 27 28 46n2 90permitting processes in 198planning and implementation of 132

133resistance by Palestinians 5 135ndash138soft Zionism and 211superpowers and 134ndash136tragic spiral and 138ndash144as trap 7witnessing by American Jewish leaders

238Occupied Golan Heights See Golan HeightsOccupied Palestinian Territories See also

Gaza West Bankldquobreak their bonesrdquo Israeli conduct in

150 156containment within 33ndash39dangers to Israel in 183 217 218geographic divides and 154 155 158

191Israeli control of 20

Israelrsquos encouragement of settlements within 54

population in 9 10OCHA (UN Office for the Coordination of

Humanitarian Affairs) 43oil interests 59 115 116ldquooil shockrdquo 139Ojibwa people 227n39Okin Susan Muller 55 56Old New Land (Herzl) 196Old Testament 11ldquoolimrdquo 78Olim Berlin 78Olim Prague 78Olmert Ehud 45 187 190Olympics in Munich (1972) 137Oman 154 160Omar (film) 41one-state solution See also two-state solu-

tionalternatives to 70n87apartheid and 242civil rights struggle and 44 166 167

243increased interest in 66Transjordan option and 20

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 69n54 139

Open Hillels 44 239Operation Cast Lead

criticism of Israel and 182FreeGazaflotillaand168genocide comparisons 186ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163trip to PalestineIsrael during 71Zionist defense of 215

Operation Dani 155 156 170n43Operation Defensive Shield 151 182Operation Pillar of Defense 153 163 182Operation Protective Edge

anti-Semitism and 61BDS and sanctions and 165British support for Gaza in 219cause of 166FreeGazaflotillaand168

INDEX

294

Gaza as a woman and 57genocide comparisons 186Israeli militarism and 182ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163skepticism about 209US suspension of air travel during 239Zionist defense of 215

ldquoOreosrdquo 75Organization of Petroleum Exporting

Countries (OPEC) 69n54 139orientalism 58Orthodox Jews 32 47n40 48n64 77

78 100 101 113 See also ultra-Orthodox Jews

Oslo AccordsCamp David Summit and 162failure of 161 162 164Netanyahu and 161Palestinian acceptance of 19peace process and 155settlement expansion after 152Taba negotiations and 51two-state solution and 65 159 160 161water shortages and 161 164West Bank divisions and 10 104 161

164otherness embracing of 77ndash79Ottoman Empire

Arab revolt against 95 96dismemberment of lands of 94 95end of 76 91 92Herzl and 88land laws 134 141land records from 33ruling of land of IsraelPalestine 13 64Tanzimat reforms 93 94

Oz Amos 212

Ppacification 32 33 99 150Pakistan 64Palestine See also IsraelPalestine

Occupied Palestinian Territories Palestinians

as choice for Jewish homeland 80

Christian communities in 8competing claims on 8 13 52 65 232de-Arabization of 100 102 117history of 234Jewish communities in 8 12 92 96ldquoland without a peoplerdquo 207 225n4news coverage of 5as observer entity 139 167 181as observer state 19 165 167 181 218

219Peel Commission Report and 98 99in pre-state period 96ndash100UN designation of land for 8villages destroyed in 9 22n24 103Zionist immigration to 87 89 91 92

98 100Palestine Arab Congress 97Palestine Arab Delegation 85Palestine Fair Trade Association 40Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

commitments of declared by Arafat 162diverse factions of 136 137elections awaited by 199formation of 122 136as independent national authority 139

140 159Jordan and 136 137Lebanon and 137 138 141 142merging with Fatah 122 136national unity and 243Rabat Declaration and 158two-state solution and 65United States exclusion of 143 144

153 160weakening in Ramallah 158

Palestine National Congress (PNC) 143Palestine Office 91 92Palestine Peace not Apartheid (Carter) 189Palestine Strategy Study Group 243Palestine Zionist Executive 92Palestinian Authority

Adnanrsquos story and 51applications to ICC and ICJ 165 238establishment of 159 161national unity and 243Oslo agreements and 19 164Rome Statue of ICC and 167

INDEX

295

UN and 183 198 199Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) 156Palestinian Legislative Council 166 199

243Palestinian National Council 199 243Palestinian Rebellion 100Palestinian refugees

appropriation of land from 119discrimination against 131Jewish refugees compared to 113numbers of xviii xviii n14 24n52in refugee camps 9 10 104 118 121right of return xviii n14 15at time of Israeli state formation 103

Palestinian story 109 110Palestinian vs Israeli deaths 184Palestinians See also Palestine

in administrative detention 120child-naming practices 23n32Christian 8 9 33 97 183 218civilian casualties 55containment of 33ndash39creativity and resilience of 40ndash43as demographic threat 217 218Diaspora community of 104 239 241discrimination against 131 132distribution in IsraelPalestine 9educational attainment of xviii 28 40

46n6 72 238efforts to pacify 141 142elections held by 165 166expulsion of (See expulsion of

Palestinians)food shortages and 187 188 196General Strike by 98globalization and 223 224Hamas charter statements 18human rights violations by 54 55

67n24internal displacement of 9 24n52 34

90 103 118 119in Israel following Nakba 118 119as Israeli citizens 114 119 120

130ndash132 182 183 191Israeli state creation and 118ndash122killed and wounded in Gaza 32Kuwaitrsquos expulsion of 144

land captured from 92lobbying efforts to British 97as long term residents of IsraelPalestine

13media presentation of 28under military rule 119 120 130 132

191 197 198mob killings by 100 101Muslim 9 97 183national identity of 65 66 96 97 235need for national unity 243Occupation and (See under Occupation)pacificationof3233peace process and 154ndash158 164population of xvii xviii n13in pre-state period 89 96ndash102prohibited to live with spouses 31proverb 231refugees (See Palestinian refugees)as ldquoresidentsrdquo of East Jerusalem 130

133Resolution 242 and 135rock-throwing by children 5safety of 217 219self-determination pursuit by 16shared ancestry with Jews 14 15Six Day War and 124 130stereotypes of 5 7storyofdifficultiesinsharing4ndash6

PalTel 40pan-Arabism 97 117 123 136 235Panama 183Pappe Ilan 186 198Paradise Now (film) 41Paraguay 165particularism 212 213 214 217Partition Plan 102 115 116 141Patinkin Mandy 165Paulrsquos story 27 43peace camp 33 34peace process 149ndash168

changing boundaries and 104failure of 168firstIntifada and 155human rights and 164ndash168Israelis and 150ndash153 160 163 164Palestinians and 154ndash158 164

INDEX

296

superpowers and 153 154tragic spiral 155ndash164United States and 144 152

Peel Commission Report 65 98ndash100 197Peled-Elhanan Nurit xvPeled-Elhanan Smadar xvPeled Matti xvPeled Miko xvPeled Yoav xvpension funds and BDS 240permitting processes 198Peru 165Peterrsquos story 63PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of

Palestine) 136 156Philistines 13Picot Francois Georges 94PIJ (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) 156Pilgrims American 78pine trees planted in Palestine 90pink-washing 47n40Pinochet Augusto 214 215Pitersberg Gabriel 61Plan Dalet (Plan D) 102 103 107n75PLO See Palestine Liberation Organization

(PLO)PNC (Palestine National Congress) 143Poitier Sidney 81n10Poland 64political Islam

American race relations and 59Arab states and 244blacks as superpatriots and 62otherness and 78Palestinianflirtationwith16235pan-Arab unity and 97

politicide 199polytheism 214Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

(PFLP) 136 156population transfers 16 20 54 64 99 197post-post-Zionism 21 22n21post-Zionism 21n21Powell Colin 62pre-state period in history of Zionism

great powers in 93ndash96Palestinians in 96ndash100

tragic spiral 100ndash105Zionists in 87ndash93

present absentees 118 119price tag attacks 32Prince Stephen 177prophetic vs Constantinian Judaism 227n45protection gap 121Proust Marcel 216psychological warfare 188Ptolemy 49

QQalandiya checkpoint 149 235 236Qalqilya West Bank 161Qatar 160Qibya West Bank 117Quakers 240Qurrsquoan 11Quran Fadi 40

RR2P (Responsibility to Protect) 53Rabat Declaration 139 140 159Rabin Yitzhak 155 156 161 162 170n43race 50 56ndash62

anti-Arab racism 59ndash62 196 197blacks as superpatriots 62invidious nature of distinctions 58power and 58 59relations in the United States 59scientificdefinitionof5862as social construction 58 190

racial privilege 58 59racism 59ndash62 181 190 196 197 218Rakeek Mariam Abu 28Ramallah West Bank 28 161 183 241Ramle ethnic cleansing of 155 156Ras a-Tire (village) 157Rashomon effect 177Ravitch Diane 212Rawabi West Bank 223realpolitik 6 233Reconstruction failure of 79Red Scare 78Reel Bad Arabs (documentary) 5reform 75ndash77 81nn9amp10Reformation 87

INDEX

297

refugee campsexpelled Palestinians in 9 10 104 118

121numbers in 24n52rationing of water and electricity to 191in surrounding countries 9 10 24n52

104 118 121 141in West Bank and Gaza 9 24n52 118

Refugee Convention of 1951 121 122Refugee Protocol (1967) 121 122regional power struggles 179religion

human rights and 52 53nationalism and 64

resistance as a tool for change 239Responsibility to Protect (R2P) 53Ricardo David 239Rice Condoleezza 62Richardrsquos story 3 4Rihanna 165Riwaq 40Road Map 163Romania 182Romanov empire 64Rome Statute of ICC 167Roots (TV mini-series) 80Rose Tricia 82n19Ruffalo Mark 165Ruppin Arthur 195 196Russell Tribunal 190 236Russia

alliance with Egypt 137ndash139Cold War and 115global economy and 59Herzl and 88Jewish immigrants from 152 160peace process and 159 160recognition of Israel 116Six Day War and 123 124Sykes-Picot Agreement and 94 95WWI and 88 89

Al Ruwwad Childrenrsquos Dance Theater 42

Sal Sabawi Khaled 42Sabeel 186Sabra 111

Sabra refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Sadat Anwar 140 244safety promise of 216ndash219Said Edward 164ndash166Said-Foqahaa Nader 129 130Salaita Steven 242Samaritans 12 46 48n64Samuel Herbert 88Santayana George 234ldquoSaturday Night Massacrerdquo 138Saudi Arabia 103 116 154 179school bus crash 18secessionist movements 64second (Al Aqsa) Intifada See Intifada

secondsecular humanism 220 221 See also

universalismuniversal humanismSegev Tom 15 111 216self-ghettoization Zionism as 212ndash216separation barrier Israeli

around homes 39attempts to breach 192containment and 33ICJ on 157 218national security as rationale for 156

179Palestinian labor exclusion and 192protests and 40roboticization of 242suicide bombings and 156 171n54

September 11 terrorist attacks See 911 terrorist attacks

service work as a tool for change 239settler only roads 134 191Shaftsbury Earl of 225n4Shah of Iran 141 159Shahian Abdel Aziz 25n74Shakespeare William 74 75Shamir Yitzhak 194Shamir Yoav 181Shapira Anita 24n54 101 107n63Shapira Yonatan 57 231Sharon Ariel

counter-proposal to two-state solution 143

election of 163

INDEX

298

Gazan resistance and 158massacre in Qibya and 117pacificationofWestBankand141refugee camp massacres and 138second Intifada and 157settlement building and 134war on Arab terror and 61

Shatila refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Shavit Ari 101 105n6 180 211 212Sheikh Jerrah East Jerusalem 38 39Shepherd Matthew 210Sherwood Harriet 22 23n26 225n14Shlaim Avi 99Shula Alonirsquos story 189shuttle diplomacy 163Shylock (in Merchant of Venice) 74 75Siegman Henry 218 219Sierra Leone 79Simon Wiesenthal Center 61Sinai Peninsula 134 135 138 139 140Six Day War (1967)

as ldquodefensive warrdquo 123 133expulsions during 197Israeli control of historic Palestine and

9 15 45 124 130 182situation leading to 122ndash124

slavery 5 58 73 76 79Slovak Republic 64Smith Adam 239Smith Charles D 137Sneh Ephraim 180 181 227n50social media positive effects of 222 See

also Facebook postssocialism 76 77 101 110sociocide as term xv 198 199 236 See

also ethnic cleansingsociocidesoft Zionism 211 226n23Somoza Anastasio 183South Africa apartheid system in 12 45

153 186 188ndash193 233 234Soviet Union

Cold War and 114 115 117 118 152collapse of 61 144 152invasion of Hungary 118 124Jews from 92Occupation and resistance and 134

peace process and 159 160spaciocide 199Spain 64 65 159 160 240sperm smuggling 242Spielberg Steven 79Spinoza Baruch 73 216starvation 187 188 196State of Emergency 119 130State Stamp Law (1949) 132Straights of Tiran 123 140Straw Jack 96Streisand Barbara 79The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

(Kuhn) 132Sudan 154Suez Canal 118 123 140 182Suez Crisis xvisuicide bombings xv 55 156 192summer circus camp 42sumud 16supermarket chains and BDS 240superpowers

in ancient IsraelPalestine 13ascollectiveactorinconflict10ndash13in decolonization era 114ndash118misuse of human rights doctrines 53 56Occupation and resistance and 134ndash136peace process and 153 154in pre-state period 93ndash96recent domination in Palestine 13 16two-state solution and 151

Sykes Mark 94Sykes-Picot agreement 88 94ndash97Syria

agricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103civil war in 182claim on Golan Heights 9 23n26 152conflictin18current 141in decolonization era 116 117Egyptrsquos rivalry with 122Fatah support by 122Madrid Conference and 160Palestine imagined as province of 97refugee camps in 9 10 118 121

INDEX

299

refugees from 182Resolution 242 and 139 140Six Day War and 123 124support of Palestinian factions by 122

136unrest in 154Yom Kippur War and 138

TTaba Talks of 2001 162 163Tacitus 149Tahrir Square 222Tamimi Bassem 207 219Tamimi Bilal and Manal 38Tamimi Mostafa 38Tanzimat reforms 93ldquoTaxirdquo (Hammad) 56Taybeh Beer Brewery 40Teach for America 60Tel Aviv boardwalk 35Tel Aviv Israel 43 112 156 193 239Ten Point Program 146n71Tent of Nations 33 34Tessler Mark 17Thant U 123three-family story 194 195Three Norsquos of Khartoum 19 135Thucydides 129Transjordan option 20 25n75transnational market forces 6tribalism 213 214 217Truman Doctrine 115Truman Harry 115 116truth and reconciliation commissions 6Tulkarem West Bank 161 241Tunis Tunisia 143 155Tunisia

Arab Spring in 154Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 138 142 154 155

TurkeyArab Jews in 112aspirations of 179FreeGazaflotillaand168173n117ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140Israeli alliance with 117 141

population transfers and 64Turks See Ottoman EmpireTutu Desmond 3 189 19024 (TV show) 62two-state solution See also one-state

solutionalternatives to 70n87 166apartheid and 190failure of 66First Intifada and 143great powers and 151Green Line and 8 9 19 43human rights standards and 10Israeli settlements and 133 134land division and 43national liberation struggle and 243origins and resurfacing of 65Rabat Declaration and 159Resolution 181 and 235

Tzabar Shimon 129

UUAR (United Arab Republic) 118 122 123UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human

Rights) 50ndash52 56Uganda 8 14 80 87Ukraine 64 92Ulpan plan 92Ulrichrsquos story 185ultra-Orthodox Jews 31 35 77 78 101

See also Orthodox JewsUm al Fahm Israel 194 195Um Kammal 38 39UN Human Rights Commission 61UN Conciliation Commission on Palestine

(UNCCP) 121 122UN General Assembly

admission of PLO 139 167on Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54recognition of Palestine as observer

state 218 219Resolution 181 8 65 101 115

135 235UN High Commissioner for Refugees

(UNHCR) 121 122UN Human Rights Council 181

INDEX

300

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) 43

UN Relief Works Agency (UNRWA) xviii n14 22n23 121 122

UN Security Councilon Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54Resolution 242 134 135 162Resolution 338 162

UNESCO 167 181United Arab Emirates 65United Arab Republic (UAR) 118 122 123United Kingdom 64 65United Nations

at Madrid Conference 160Palestinian Authority and 199partitioning of historic Palestine 8 101

121protocols for protecting refugees 121refugee camps 104Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(UDHR) 50upgrading of Palestinersquos status 181 182Zionism and 214

United StatesAmerican Indians in 58 68n44anti-Arab anti-Muslim prejudice in

59ndash62Arab world awareness in 209Arafat and PLO rejected by 143 144

153 160arms delivery delays by 239BDS precedents in 240Bill of Rights 51blacks as superpatriots in 62blindness and deafness in 236Cold War and 115 117 118 124 139

152colonies in 219Declaration of Independence 68n44Egypt rejected by 117 118GI Bill of Rights 58grassroots social movements in 222Great Society project 228n65human rights standards ignored by 241Immigration and Nationality Act of

1965 58

importanceinconflict243244Israel as liability to 182Israeli-American alliance 116 138 139

152 153 217 227n50Israelrsquos special relationship with 98Jewish community in 44 80 89 91

114 116military aid to Egypt 140Occupation and resistance and 134occupation of Germany 132operations in IsraelPalestine 13 16Palestinian Authority and 161Palestinian elections and 166peace process and 144 152 153

158ndash160race riot responses in 150restrictive immigration policies 111Six Day War and 124suspension of air travel to Tel Aviv 239

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 50ndash52 56

universal jurisdiction 214 215universalismuniversal humanism 46 214

217universities and BDS 240university campuses prejudice on 59 60Uris Leon 208Uruguay 165US State Department 32USAID 229n74Use of Hebrew Date Law (1998) 132Ussishkin Menachem 195 196

VVenezuela 165Veolia 240Verwoerd Hendrik 189veteranrsquos preference 131Vietnam French in 219Vietnam War 134Vietnamese Liberation Front 124vigilantism 32 241 245n30village leagues 141violence

ahistorical presentation of 5resistance and 183state-sponsored 222

INDEX

301

vigilante 32voter suppression 76 82n13

WWadi al Narsquoam Israel 42Wadi Rasha (village) 157Wailing (Western) Wall in Old City 100

112al Walajeh (village) 30 31 133Waltz with Bashir (film) 219Wannsee Conference 187waqf Islamic 8 18 52War of Independence 8 9 103 111 115

116 182 See also Nakba (the Catastrophe)

water shortages 161 164Watergate scandal 138Waxmann Rivka and Haim 109ldquoWe Killed Jesus Wersquore Proud of Itrdquo

(YouTube video) 18Weber Max 49 81n6Weissglass Dov 158 159 187Weizmann Chaim 88 195 196West Bank

division into areas 10 104 161 164efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143efforts to pacify 141firstIntifada and 154 155free trade zones in 224Israeli control of 139 140 150Jewish settlements in 22 23n26 29

133 134 152Jordanian control of 8 9 104 117 118

135 137negotiations and 153new city in 224Palestinian population in 9refugee camps in 9 118Samaritans in 12 46 48n64separation barrier appropriation of land

in 156two-state solution and 159vigilante violence in 32

West Beirut Lebanon 138Western Sahara 154

White Paper of 1921 98 99White Paper of 1939 100 111Who Profits 28 43 239 242Wilson Woodrow 89witchcraft accusations of Pilgrims 78Wolfe Alan 214womenrsquos movement American 222World Trade Organization (WTO) 59 179

222World War I 88 89 94World War II

American occupation of Germany after 132

Great Britain and 104human rights framework and 51 53racial disadvantage after 74reduced to Holocaust 61Zionism and 8 100 101 111

World Zionist Organization (WZO) 87ndash89 234

WTO (the World Trade Organization) 59 179 222

Wye River memorandum 162WZO (World Zionist Organization) 87ndash89

234

YYad Larsquoachim 245n30Yasminersquos story 71 72Yehoshua AB 215Yemen 112 154Yiftachel Oren 243Yishuv 91 100 101 197Yitzachi Aryeh 109Yom Kippur War (1973) 69n54 138 139

182 231 232Young Cynthia 62Yugoslavia 64Yurirsquos story 57Yuvalrsquos story 231 232

ZZangwill Israel 195 196 207 225n4Zapatistas 222Zeidan Mohammad 131Ziadeh Rafif 41

INDEX

302

Zionism 71ndash82 207ndash224 See also pre-state period in history of Zionism Zionists

claim to ownership of IsraelPalestine 13 65 66

as colonization 178contradictions of 195ndash197criticism of 209ethnic cleansing and 196 208ndash212fear of assimilation and 87genocide framework and 186 187global empires and 64globalization and 220ndash224history of 7 8 234 235Holocaust and 8 73 100 101 208ndash211human rights violations and 7inversion of 78ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140 141Israeli-Palestinianconflictand12ndash16

23n38 72 73Jewish homeland vs Jewish state and 7

43 44Jewish identity and 215 216Jewish-Muslim relations prior to 11 12

23n37as Jewish nationalism 235nationalist movement of 66ldquonew Jewsrdquo and 111 112origins of 87

as Palestinian disaster 211parallels to back-to-Africa movement

80 81pioneering mentality 7 21n21psychology of 101rejection of 212 213safety and 216ndash219as self-ghettoization 212ndash216shared ancestry with Palestinians and

14 15Six Day War and 124socialist labor variant of 101universal vs particular in 214 215use of force and 15 24n54

Zionist Commission for Palestine 91 92Zionist Congress eighth (1907) 196Zionist Congress fifth (1901) 89Zionist Congress first (1897) 87 88 196Zionist Organization 87ndash89 91 92 97Zionists See also Zionism

Christian 12 208 225n7expulsion of Palestinians by (See

expulsion of Palestinians)Partition Plan and 102in pre-state period 87ndash93 98 102ldquosoftrdquo 211 226n23in United States 208 225n7

Zochrot (Remembrance) 28 43 237 242Zonszein Mairav 245n30

• REFERENCES
• INDEX

INDEX

285

depicted as a woman 57destruction in 166 186Disengagement Plan and 158efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143Egyptian control of 8 9 104 117 118firstIntifada and 154 155FreeGazaflotillaand168231genocide and 186health clinics in 199Israeli control of 139 150 158Israeli raid on 117Israeli security concerns and 43Israeli use of violence against 153 158

163Jewish settlements in 152military rule established in 132as open-air prison 191Operation Cast Lead in (See Operation

Cast Lead)Operation Pillar of Defense in 153 163

182Operation Protective Edge in (See

Operation Protective Edge)Palestinian population in 9Peel Commission Report and 99refugee camps in 9 24n52 118 142rocketfirefrom55217218two-state solution and 159UN peacekeepers removed from 123

Gaza Community Mental Health Center 239

Gellner Ernest 62 63 70n77Gelvin James 136 142gender stereotypes 58General Strike 98 235The Generalrsquos Son (Miko Peled) xvgenetic research and claims of indigeneity

14 15Geneva Conventions on the Rules of War

50ndash54 132Geneva Initiative 158 163genocide

ethnic cleansing compared to 187 209as framework 185ndash188

Germany 64 88 89 115GI Bill of Rights 58 74 131

Ginsburg Asher 211globalizationdefined221Zionism and 220ndash224

Go Palestine summer camp 239Golan Heights

Israeli control of 150Israeli settlements in 9 22 23n26 134

152Syrian incursions from 123Syriarsquos claim on 9 23n26 152Yom Kippur War and 138ndash140

Goldstein Baruch 36 155Goldstone Report 67n24Gouldner Alvin 49grassroots social movements 6Great Britain See also British Empire Brit-

ish Mandatory PalestineCold War and 115decolonization of Arab countries 116

117Egypt invaded by 118in India 219during pre-state period 94ndash100 111sanctions against Israel and 165Six Day War and 124state church in 64Truman and 115 116War of Independence and 104

Greece 64Green Linedefinitionof89erased from textbooks 59Israelrsquos boundaries and 19 20Israelrsquos growth to 104road network and 54separation barrier and 33through Jerusalem 221

green-washing 35Guess Whorsquos Coming to Dinner (film)

81n10Gulf of Aqaba 140

HHarsquoam Ahad 211Harsquoaretz 129Haddad Heskel 23n37

INDEX

286

Haganah 92 102Halamish settlement 29Hallowell A Irving 227n39Hamas

execution of collaborators 33Fatah rivalry with 165food shortages and 187ndash188Israeli operations against 151Israelrsquos early supporttolerance of 156

183Palestinian 2006 elections and 163 166

198Palestinian statements in charter 18 60second Intifada and 158

Hammad Suheir 41 56Hammerman Ilana 242Hamoked 238Hapsburg empire 64 76Haram-al-Sharif 71 72 157Harlem Renaissance 74Haysbert Dennis 62health care system Palestinian 41Hebrew language 65Hebrew textbooks 59Hebron West Bank

description and photos of 35ndash37Israeli soldier in 27kuffiyehfactoryin40Orthodox Jews murdered in 100settler neighborhoods in 134West Bank division and 161Zionist observations of 211 212

heritage tourism 80Herzl TheodordefinitionofJewsand215218firstZionistCongressand8788letter from Arab leader to 96quotes of 19 61 71 85Zionist contradictions and 195 196

Herzliya Conference (2010) 187Hidalgo (film) 58 59hijab 58 59Hillel Rabbi 215Hillels campus 44 92 239Hindus 64Hitler Adolf 64 187Hoffman Alice 27

Hohenzollern empire 64 76Holland 240Holocaust

European Islamophobia and 61genocide framework and 186human rights framework and 51 53number killed in 210 226n16self-defense framework and 180 181survivors of (See Holocaust survivors)Zionist movement and 8 73 100 101

208ndash211Holocaust survivors

criticisms of Gaza massacre by 32fear for safety and 216 217Israel as safe haven for 7 111 112Jewish Agency and 92taxes on reparations to 21n20Zionism and 101

ldquohouse in a boxrdquo 39human agency 52 53human rights

environmental sustainability and 43 52as framework for understanding 6 7 15

232 233of groups 55 56inter-state vs intra-state violence and 52international support for 164ndash168Israelrsquos lack of compliance 134key documents 50 52political 51religion and 52 53safety and 217selective application of standards 52

70n81social and economic 51 76 77standards 4 6 7 10 21n4 232 233

241violations of 40 44 53ndash55weak enforcement of 10 52 56

Human Rights Watch 214Hungary 118 124Huntington Samuel 220Hussein bin Ali King 95Hussein King (of Jordan) 122 135 137

139 140 159Hussein-McMahon correspondence 88

94ndash96

INDEX

287

Hussein Saddam 61 143 153 159 160 183

hybridity 58 59

IIbrahimi Mosque 36 155ICC See International Criminal Court (ICC)ICJ See International Court of Justice (ICJ)ideal type 81n6IDF See Israeli Defense Forces (IDF)Illuz Eva 218India 59 64 160 219International Committee of the Red Cross

54international competitions and BDS 240International Court of Justice (ICJ)

and Fourth Geneva Convention Article 49 54

PA application to 165 172n96 238Palestinersquos upgraded status and 181on separation barrier 157 218Zionism and 214

International Criminal Court (ICC)focus on African cases and individuals

53and Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 67n18PA application to 165 167 172n96 238Palestinersquos upgraded status and 181Rome Statute of 167Zionism and 214

International Solidarity Movement 168Intifada first 19 142ndash144 150ndash156Intifada second

beginning of 157 163in history of Palestinian response to

Zionism 235lynching of Israelis during 241911 and 157 158repression of armed struggle in 192results of 158suicide bombings during 156 192

IranAmerican-Israeli relations and 227n50Arab Jews in 112aspirations of 179ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140

Islamic state installed in 141Israeli alliance with 117 141nuclear weapons and 217 218 228n56Sneh on 181

Iran-Iraq War 141 159Iraq 61

Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103current 141in decolonization era 116 117invasion of Iran 141invasion of Kuwait 144 153 159refugees from 182support of Palestinian factions by 136unrest in 154

iron curtain 114Iron Sheik 41ldquoiron wallrdquo 140ndash142Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women (Okin)

55 56Isaacrsquos story 213ISIS (Islamic State in Iraq and Syria) 59 61Islam

Arabization and 14disputes between branches of 65political (See political Islam)recognition of Jewish and Christian

antecedents 11 23n32Islamic Jihad 140 156Islamic Resistance Movement 18Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) 59 61Islamic waqf 8 18 52Islamophobia 5 58 61 157Israel See also Israelis

American alliance with 116 138 139 152 153 217 227n50

American knowledge of 7anti-discrimination laws in 91anti-Palestinian prejudice in 60 61Basic Laws of 113 114Battle of Karameh and 136bilateral challenges of 179 180 182boundaries of 19boycotts and sanctions against (See

boycotts sanctions and divestments (BDS) movement)

casualties of civilians of 55

INDEX

288

citizenship vs nationality 113 114 131control of historic Palestine 9 10 15

16 20democracy claims of 182 183domestic challenges of 180 182 183Egypt invaded by 118 182estimates of Palestinian refugee numbers

by 22n23food shortages and 187 188global challenges for 181 182globalization and 223 224Hamas and 156 183 187 188human rights standards and 242 243human rights violations by 53ndash55

67n24immigration of Arab Jews 112 113invasion by Arab armies 103Iranrsquos alliance with 117 141Jewish identity and 215Jewish immigrants to 34 131 149 152

153Jewish population of xvii xviii n12language struggles in 65militarism 182 223 224military rule of Palestinians 119 120

130 132 191 197 198national framework creation 110ndash114Nazi Germany comparisons 186 188nuclear weapons in 218Occupation by and resistance to 130ndash

134 183occupation of Golan Heights 23n26Occupied Territories and danger to 183

217 218one-state solution and 167operations against Palestinians 182Oslo Accords and 161 164Palestinian citizens of 114 119 120Palestinian elections and 166Palestinian land appropriated by 119peace process and 150ndash153 160 163

164peace treaty with Egypt 140 141peace treaty with Jordan 141PLO recognition by 162price tag attacks in 32

public sector employment discrimination in 132

raids on West Bank and Gaza 117regional challenges of 179 182religious disputes among Jews in 65Russia and 115 116safety in 217ndash219Six Day War and 122ndash124 130 182social services discrimination in 131

132special relationship with Great Britain

and US 98state creation 8 18 86 103 111State of Emergency declared by 119

130tourism 81Turkeyrsquos alliance with 117 141two-state solution and 167victimization emphasis of 73Yom Kippur War and 138ndash140 182young Jews leaving 78

Israel Day Parade 44IsraelPalestine

ancient groups dominating 13 23n39apartheid in (See apartheid)background information 7ndash10complexity of issues in 5 6division of land in 8emigration from 192 203n81 1963findingthetippingpointin241ndash244history of 86human rights issues in (See human

rights)indigenous populations of 14 15Israeli control of 9ndash10 15 16 20 197lessons from the past and 234ndash237media depiction of violence in 5Palestinian population in 9peace process in (See peace process)residents of 9 10search for just peace in 4 6 12size of 8 22n22tools for change in 165 237ndash241

Israeli Apartheid Weeks 239Israeli-Arab wars 113Israeli Defense Forces (IDF)

INDEX

289

Aida refugee camp and 192creation of 92Disengagement Plan and 158expulsion of Palestinians by 8 22n23Jewish immigrants and 34 149killing of Palestinians by 155Operation Protective Edge and 32vandalization of jeep of 44vigilantism and 245n30

Israeli graduate studentrsquos story 184Israeli High Court 157Israeli self-defense as framework 178ndash184

199Israeli settlements

containment and 33danger to settlers in 183 184expansion of 152 182 197 211

225n14 226n17following Six Day War 133 134as human rights violation 53 54labeling of products from 181media coverage of 5numbers of Jews living in 9population of 22 23n26 209 225n14as strategy to control Palestinians 29 30vigilante violence and 32 39

Israeli state early national periodIsraelis during 110ndash114Palestinians during 118ndash122superpowers 114ndash118tragic spiral 122ndash124

Israeli story 109Israeli Supreme Court 31 46nn9amp10 131

191Israeli vs Palestinian deaths 184Israelis See also Israel

blindness of 218 219 236opposed to Occupation 28 36 38 183

193 218self-interest and 243

Israelites 13 14 23n39Italy 64Itamar settlement 183

JJA (Jewish Agency) 87 92 102 234Jabalya refugee camp 142

Jabotinsky Vladimir 140 141 178 181 195 196

Jackson Jesse 60ldquoJaeckesrdquo 75Jaffa Israel 34 35 212Jaffa Muslim-Christian Council 18Jefferson Thomas 68n44Jenin West Bank 161Jericho West Bank 161Jerusalem See also East Jerusalem

Arab Quarter of Old City 71 72binational 243negotiations and 153seam line within 221settler neighborhoods in 134al Walajeh 30 31 133

Jerusalem-Bethlehem corridor 101Jewish Agency (JA) 87 92 102 234Jewish identity 215 216Jewish National Fund (JNF)

fundraising by 89 98 234Jewish Agency and 92Jewish nationality and 114 125n22Judaization and 91land management by 90 91land purchases by 89 94Zionism in the pre-state period and 87

89ndash92Jewish self-defense 177 178 See also

Israeli self-defenseJewish state vs Jewish homeland 7 43 44Jewish Voices for Peace 242Jews See also Israeli settlements Orthodox

Jews ultra-Orthodox Jews Zionism Zionists

admiration for 61American (See American Jews)Arab 59 92 111ndash113assimilation and 74 75 87 101Christians and in pre-modern era 11

12 23n37communities of in Palestine 8 12confrontation and 77 78Ethiopian 92European 73 76 77 80 111ndash113

124German 75 89

INDEX

290

immigrants to Israel 34 131 149 152 153 160

Israeli national rights for 113 114Muslims and prior to Zionism 11 12

23n37new 111 112 192Palestinian 8 12 92 96parallels to African American

experience 62 73ndash76population in Israel xvii xviii n12Promised Land of 8 52reform and 76Russian 152 160shared ancestry with Palestinians 14 15socialism and 76 77Soviet and post-Soviet 92turning on other Jews 44universalism and 46 214world population of 10

Jimmy Carter Center 166JNF See Jewish National Fund (JNF)Johnson Lyndon 124Jordan

Arab Jews in 112army invasion of Israel 103control of West Bank 8 9 104 117

118 135 137in decolonization era 116 117Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104peace treaty with Israel (1994) 141PLO in 136 137refugee camps in 9 10 118 121 137refugeeinfluxto182Six Day War and 123 124Transjordan option and 20 29unrest in 154

Jordan June 56Jordan River and Valley 123 134

241 242Judaism

Constantinian vs prophetic 227n45Herzl and 215 218self-ghettoization and 215 216survival of 220 221

Judaization of the land 11 15 16 42 60 91 131

Judis John 226n23Judt Tony 166

KKafka Franz 216Kahan Commission 138Kanazi Remi 41Karameh Battle of 136Karenrsquos story 210Karon Tony 190 215 220Kasrils Ronnie 186 190Kathleenrsquos story 178 179Kearney Michael 172n96Kennedy John F 149 244Keret Etgar 151Kerry John 44 163 190Khalidi Walid 22n24Khartoum Declaration 19 135 151 159Kibbutz Megido 90King Martin Luther 75 231The Kingdom (film) 62kinship 56 57 68n36Knesset 131 132 140 183 188 218Kramer Martin 187 188Kristalnacht 185Ku Klux Klan 79kuffiyeh factory in Hebron 40Kuhn Thomas 49 132Kurds 65 235Kuwait 144 153 154 159Kweli Talib 62

Llabor

globalization and rights 223 224Jewish vs Palestinian 192 196

laicism 64Lajee Center 42 239Lajun (Palestinian village) 31 90land for peace 133The Land of Israel Past and Present

(Ben Gurion and Ben Zvi) 14Larsquoor Yitzak 61Laurens Henri 208Law and Governance Article 18A 132Law of Return 113 114 125n22 131

152

INDEX

291

The Law In These Parts 187League of Nations

failure to prevent war 51mandatory system 89 95Palestine Mandate 20 89

Lebanonagricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103Christian groups in 138in decolonization era 116 117Israeli invasion of 182Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 137 138 141 142political compromises in 182refugee camps in 9 118 121 137 138

141unrest in 154

legal and advocacy tools for change 238 239

Letters of Mutual Recognition 161 162Leunig Michael 3Levi Primo 185 216Leviev 240Levy Gideon 216Liberia 79 80 81Libya 154Lifta (village) 31 43Likud Party 60Little Town of Bethlehem (film) 231Lubavitcher Jews 77 78Lydda ethnic cleansing of 155 156 211

212

MMadrid Conference 153 159 160Maghreb 112 113Maghrebi neighborhood in East Jerusalem

133Magnes Judah 43 211Maher Bill 57Mahmoud (al Walajeh resident) 30 31Maimonides 214 216Mali 154Malthus Thomas 239Mamdani Mahmood 53 70n81

Mamilla Cemetery Jerusalem 61Mandate Palestine See British Mandatory

PalestineMandela Nelson 50 188 189Mandelbaum Gate 221Mansfield Michael 236 237Maquiladoras 224market systems global 222Marshall George C 103Marx Karl 73 77 216Massachusetts Bay Colony 78Massad Joseph 77Maureenrsquos story 220 224Mauritania 154 160Mavi Marmara (ship) 141 168mawat 134McCarthyism 78McMahon Henry 95media mainstream 4 28Mekorot 240Merchant of Venice (Shakespeare) 74 75Mexico 224Middle Ages 12 23n37militarism 182 223 224Mirarsquos story 216 217Misgav Uri 186Modirsquoin Illit settlement 157Molad 243monotheism 214 220 221Moroccan Quarter in East Jerusalem

133Morocco 154 160Morris Benny 22n24 107n75 186

209 211Motorola sanctions against 240Moving Towards Home (Jordan) 56mowing the lawn 153 168Moynihan Daniel Patrick 228n65Mubarak Hosni 141Multi-National Peacekeeping force

138multiculturalism 55 56 78 79Museum of Tolerance 61Museum on the Seam 221Muslim Brotherhood 156Muslims

Arab 58

INDEX

292

Islamic waqf of 8 18 52Jews and prior to Zionism 11 12

23n37Palestinian factions of 136population transfers 64world population of 10

Mussolini Benito 64My Promised Land (Shavit) 211

NNabi Saleh West Bank

Halamish settlement and 29protests and demonstrations in 183 239spring water access in 29 38 40 183tear gas canister garlands in 241Zionist observations of 212

Nablus West Bank 12 32 46 48n64 161Nader Ralph 5Nakba (the Catastrophe) See also War of

Independenceagreement of facts about 18 24 25n64

180beginning of 102 107n67end of 8 9Israeli school curriculum and 237Jaffa and 34 212Operation Dani in 155 156 170n43Palestinians displaced in 113 155 156

197Palestinians in Israel following 118 119planting over villages destroyed in 90soft Zionism and 211Soviet military aid to Israel during 115statistics on 22n23Zochrot and 43

Nakhleh Khalil 220Nasser Daoud 33Nasser Gamal Abdel 117 118 122ndash124

136Nasserism 97nation and nationalism 50 62ndash66

history of 64 65human rights violations and 64 65language and 65mediating institutions 63 70n76in Middle East 65modern nation states 63 70n74 76

Palestinians and 235prehistory to nationalism 70n80racialclassificationcomparedto64religion and 64Zionism and 235

Nation of Islam 77national identity 113 114National Priority Areas (NPA) 131Native Americans 58 68n44 227n39Nazis 185 186 210Negev Israel

Bedouins in 41 91human rights groups and 4Judaization of 16 41 91 131oil possibilities in 116Palestinian community in 28Peel Commission Report and 99refugees from 24n52

Negotiations Support Unit of PA 51neocolonialism 53 56Nestlersquos boycott against 240Netanyahu Benjamin

Abu Mazen and 151American-Israeli relations and 227n50Bar Ilan University speech and 163Oslo process and 161pacificationofPalestiniansand32post-post-Zionism and 21n21violence and 155

Neuhaus Richard John 70n76ldquonew Jewsrdquo 111 112 192New York Times 5 32NGOs See non-governmental organizations

(NGOs)Nicaragua 183Nilirsquoin (village) 40 183 239911 terrorist attacks 59 61 78 157 163972 Magazine 32Nixon Richard 138Nobel Peace Prize (1979) 140non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

Israeli 28 40 43Palestinian 40 47n35 199social justice and 222 223 229n74tools for change and 237 238

Nordau Max 88 195 196Noriega Manuel 183

INDEX

293

North Africa 112Northern Ireland 12Norway 240NPA (National Priority Areas) 131nuclear weapons 217 218 228n56Nueva Vida 229n75

oObama Barack 79observer entity Palestine as 139 167 181observer state Palestine as 19 165 167

181 218 219Occupation 129ndash144 See also Israeli set-

tlementsas apartheid (See apartheid)bilateral challenges and 179 180domestic challenges and 180effects on agriculture of Palestinians

142 146n81as elephant in the room 6establishment of 86in Israeli textbooks xvIsraelis opposed to 28 36 38 183 193

218Israelrsquos establishment of 130ndash135oppression of Palestinians and 12 15

16 27 28 46n2 90permitting processes in 198planning and implementation of 132

133resistance by Palestinians 5 135ndash138soft Zionism and 211superpowers and 134ndash136tragic spiral and 138ndash144as trap 7witnessing by American Jewish leaders

238Occupied Golan Heights See Golan HeightsOccupied Palestinian Territories See also

Gaza West Bankldquobreak their bonesrdquo Israeli conduct in

150 156containment within 33ndash39dangers to Israel in 183 217 218geographic divides and 154 155 158

191Israeli control of 20

Israelrsquos encouragement of settlements within 54

population in 9 10OCHA (UN Office for the Coordination of

Humanitarian Affairs) 43oil interests 59 115 116ldquooil shockrdquo 139Ojibwa people 227n39Okin Susan Muller 55 56Old New Land (Herzl) 196Old Testament 11ldquoolimrdquo 78Olim Berlin 78Olim Prague 78Olmert Ehud 45 187 190Olympics in Munich (1972) 137Oman 154 160Omar (film) 41one-state solution See also two-state solu-

tionalternatives to 70n87apartheid and 242civil rights struggle and 44 166 167

243increased interest in 66Transjordan option and 20

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 69n54 139

Open Hillels 44 239Operation Cast Lead

criticism of Israel and 182FreeGazaflotillaand168genocide comparisons 186ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163trip to PalestineIsrael during 71Zionist defense of 215

Operation Dani 155 156 170n43Operation Defensive Shield 151 182Operation Pillar of Defense 153 163 182Operation Protective Edge

anti-Semitism and 61BDS and sanctions and 165British support for Gaza in 219cause of 166FreeGazaflotillaand168

INDEX

294

Gaza as a woman and 57genocide comparisons 186Israeli militarism and 182ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163skepticism about 209US suspension of air travel during 239Zionist defense of 215

ldquoOreosrdquo 75Organization of Petroleum Exporting

Countries (OPEC) 69n54 139orientalism 58Orthodox Jews 32 47n40 48n64 77

78 100 101 113 See also ultra-Orthodox Jews

Oslo AccordsCamp David Summit and 162failure of 161 162 164Netanyahu and 161Palestinian acceptance of 19peace process and 155settlement expansion after 152Taba negotiations and 51two-state solution and 65 159 160 161water shortages and 161 164West Bank divisions and 10 104 161

164otherness embracing of 77ndash79Ottoman Empire

Arab revolt against 95 96dismemberment of lands of 94 95end of 76 91 92Herzl and 88land laws 134 141land records from 33ruling of land of IsraelPalestine 13 64Tanzimat reforms 93 94

Oz Amos 212

Ppacification 32 33 99 150Pakistan 64Palestine See also IsraelPalestine

Occupied Palestinian Territories Palestinians

as choice for Jewish homeland 80

Christian communities in 8competing claims on 8 13 52 65 232de-Arabization of 100 102 117history of 234Jewish communities in 8 12 92 96ldquoland without a peoplerdquo 207 225n4news coverage of 5as observer entity 139 167 181as observer state 19 165 167 181 218

219Peel Commission Report and 98 99in pre-state period 96ndash100UN designation of land for 8villages destroyed in 9 22n24 103Zionist immigration to 87 89 91 92

98 100Palestine Arab Congress 97Palestine Arab Delegation 85Palestine Fair Trade Association 40Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

commitments of declared by Arafat 162diverse factions of 136 137elections awaited by 199formation of 122 136as independent national authority 139

140 159Jordan and 136 137Lebanon and 137 138 141 142merging with Fatah 122 136national unity and 243Rabat Declaration and 158two-state solution and 65United States exclusion of 143 144

153 160weakening in Ramallah 158

Palestine National Congress (PNC) 143Palestine Office 91 92Palestine Peace not Apartheid (Carter) 189Palestine Strategy Study Group 243Palestine Zionist Executive 92Palestinian Authority

Adnanrsquos story and 51applications to ICC and ICJ 165 238establishment of 159 161national unity and 243Oslo agreements and 19 164Rome Statue of ICC and 167

INDEX

295

UN and 183 198 199Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) 156Palestinian Legislative Council 166 199

243Palestinian National Council 199 243Palestinian Rebellion 100Palestinian refugees

appropriation of land from 119discrimination against 131Jewish refugees compared to 113numbers of xviii xviii n14 24n52in refugee camps 9 10 104 118 121right of return xviii n14 15at time of Israeli state formation 103

Palestinian story 109 110Palestinian vs Israeli deaths 184Palestinians See also Palestine

in administrative detention 120child-naming practices 23n32Christian 8 9 33 97 183 218civilian casualties 55containment of 33ndash39creativity and resilience of 40ndash43as demographic threat 217 218Diaspora community of 104 239 241discrimination against 131 132distribution in IsraelPalestine 9educational attainment of xviii 28 40

46n6 72 238efforts to pacify 141 142elections held by 165 166expulsion of (See expulsion of

Palestinians)food shortages and 187 188 196General Strike by 98globalization and 223 224Hamas charter statements 18human rights violations by 54 55

67n24internal displacement of 9 24n52 34

90 103 118 119in Israel following Nakba 118 119as Israeli citizens 114 119 120

130ndash132 182 183 191Israeli state creation and 118ndash122killed and wounded in Gaza 32Kuwaitrsquos expulsion of 144

land captured from 92lobbying efforts to British 97as long term residents of IsraelPalestine

13media presentation of 28under military rule 119 120 130 132

191 197 198mob killings by 100 101Muslim 9 97 183national identity of 65 66 96 97 235need for national unity 243Occupation and (See under Occupation)pacificationof3233peace process and 154ndash158 164population of xvii xviii n13in pre-state period 89 96ndash102prohibited to live with spouses 31proverb 231refugees (See Palestinian refugees)as ldquoresidentsrdquo of East Jerusalem 130

133Resolution 242 and 135rock-throwing by children 5safety of 217 219self-determination pursuit by 16shared ancestry with Jews 14 15Six Day War and 124 130stereotypes of 5 7storyofdifficultiesinsharing4ndash6

PalTel 40pan-Arabism 97 117 123 136 235Panama 183Pappe Ilan 186 198Paradise Now (film) 41Paraguay 165particularism 212 213 214 217Partition Plan 102 115 116 141Patinkin Mandy 165Paulrsquos story 27 43peace camp 33 34peace process 149ndash168

changing boundaries and 104failure of 168firstIntifada and 155human rights and 164ndash168Israelis and 150ndash153 160 163 164Palestinians and 154ndash158 164

INDEX

296

superpowers and 153 154tragic spiral 155ndash164United States and 144 152

Peel Commission Report 65 98ndash100 197Peled-Elhanan Nurit xvPeled-Elhanan Smadar xvPeled Matti xvPeled Miko xvPeled Yoav xvpension funds and BDS 240permitting processes 198Peru 165Peterrsquos story 63PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of

Palestine) 136 156Philistines 13Picot Francois Georges 94PIJ (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) 156Pilgrims American 78pine trees planted in Palestine 90pink-washing 47n40Pinochet Augusto 214 215Pitersberg Gabriel 61Plan Dalet (Plan D) 102 103 107n75PLO See Palestine Liberation Organization

(PLO)PNC (Palestine National Congress) 143Poitier Sidney 81n10Poland 64political Islam

American race relations and 59Arab states and 244blacks as superpatriots and 62otherness and 78Palestinianflirtationwith16235pan-Arab unity and 97

politicide 199polytheism 214Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

(PFLP) 136 156population transfers 16 20 54 64 99 197post-post-Zionism 21 22n21post-Zionism 21n21Powell Colin 62pre-state period in history of Zionism

great powers in 93ndash96Palestinians in 96ndash100

tragic spiral 100ndash105Zionists in 87ndash93

present absentees 118 119price tag attacks 32Prince Stephen 177prophetic vs Constantinian Judaism 227n45protection gap 121Proust Marcel 216psychological warfare 188Ptolemy 49

QQalandiya checkpoint 149 235 236Qalqilya West Bank 161Qatar 160Qibya West Bank 117Quakers 240Qurrsquoan 11Quran Fadi 40

RR2P (Responsibility to Protect) 53Rabat Declaration 139 140 159Rabin Yitzhak 155 156 161 162 170n43race 50 56ndash62

anti-Arab racism 59ndash62 196 197blacks as superpatriots 62invidious nature of distinctions 58power and 58 59relations in the United States 59scientificdefinitionof5862as social construction 58 190

racial privilege 58 59racism 59ndash62 181 190 196 197 218Rakeek Mariam Abu 28Ramallah West Bank 28 161 183 241Ramle ethnic cleansing of 155 156Ras a-Tire (village) 157Rashomon effect 177Ravitch Diane 212Rawabi West Bank 223realpolitik 6 233Reconstruction failure of 79Red Scare 78Reel Bad Arabs (documentary) 5reform 75ndash77 81nn9amp10Reformation 87

INDEX

297

refugee campsexpelled Palestinians in 9 10 104 118

121numbers in 24n52rationing of water and electricity to 191in surrounding countries 9 10 24n52

104 118 121 141in West Bank and Gaza 9 24n52 118

Refugee Convention of 1951 121 122Refugee Protocol (1967) 121 122regional power struggles 179religion

human rights and 52 53nationalism and 64

resistance as a tool for change 239Responsibility to Protect (R2P) 53Ricardo David 239Rice Condoleezza 62Richardrsquos story 3 4Rihanna 165Riwaq 40Road Map 163Romania 182Romanov empire 64Rome Statute of ICC 167Roots (TV mini-series) 80Rose Tricia 82n19Ruffalo Mark 165Ruppin Arthur 195 196Russell Tribunal 190 236Russia

alliance with Egypt 137ndash139Cold War and 115global economy and 59Herzl and 88Jewish immigrants from 152 160peace process and 159 160recognition of Israel 116Six Day War and 123 124Sykes-Picot Agreement and 94 95WWI and 88 89

Al Ruwwad Childrenrsquos Dance Theater 42

Sal Sabawi Khaled 42Sabeel 186Sabra 111

Sabra refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Sadat Anwar 140 244safety promise of 216ndash219Said Edward 164ndash166Said-Foqahaa Nader 129 130Salaita Steven 242Samaritans 12 46 48n64Samuel Herbert 88Santayana George 234ldquoSaturday Night Massacrerdquo 138Saudi Arabia 103 116 154 179school bus crash 18secessionist movements 64second (Al Aqsa) Intifada See Intifada

secondsecular humanism 220 221 See also

universalismuniversal humanismSegev Tom 15 111 216self-ghettoization Zionism as 212ndash216separation barrier Israeli

around homes 39attempts to breach 192containment and 33ICJ on 157 218national security as rationale for 156

179Palestinian labor exclusion and 192protests and 40roboticization of 242suicide bombings and 156 171n54

September 11 terrorist attacks See 911 terrorist attacks

service work as a tool for change 239settler only roads 134 191Shaftsbury Earl of 225n4Shah of Iran 141 159Shahian Abdel Aziz 25n74Shakespeare William 74 75Shamir Yitzhak 194Shamir Yoav 181Shapira Anita 24n54 101 107n63Shapira Yonatan 57 231Sharon Ariel

counter-proposal to two-state solution 143

election of 163

INDEX

298

Gazan resistance and 158massacre in Qibya and 117pacificationofWestBankand141refugee camp massacres and 138second Intifada and 157settlement building and 134war on Arab terror and 61

Shatila refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Shavit Ari 101 105n6 180 211 212Sheikh Jerrah East Jerusalem 38 39Shepherd Matthew 210Sherwood Harriet 22 23n26 225n14Shlaim Avi 99Shula Alonirsquos story 189shuttle diplomacy 163Shylock (in Merchant of Venice) 74 75Siegman Henry 218 219Sierra Leone 79Simon Wiesenthal Center 61Sinai Peninsula 134 135 138 139 140Six Day War (1967)

as ldquodefensive warrdquo 123 133expulsions during 197Israeli control of historic Palestine and

9 15 45 124 130 182situation leading to 122ndash124

slavery 5 58 73 76 79Slovak Republic 64Smith Adam 239Smith Charles D 137Sneh Ephraim 180 181 227n50social media positive effects of 222 See

also Facebook postssocialism 76 77 101 110sociocide as term xv 198 199 236 See

also ethnic cleansingsociocidesoft Zionism 211 226n23Somoza Anastasio 183South Africa apartheid system in 12 45

153 186 188ndash193 233 234Soviet Union

Cold War and 114 115 117 118 152collapse of 61 144 152invasion of Hungary 118 124Jews from 92Occupation and resistance and 134

peace process and 159 160spaciocide 199Spain 64 65 159 160 240sperm smuggling 242Spielberg Steven 79Spinoza Baruch 73 216starvation 187 188 196State of Emergency 119 130State Stamp Law (1949) 132Straights of Tiran 123 140Straw Jack 96Streisand Barbara 79The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

(Kuhn) 132Sudan 154Suez Canal 118 123 140 182Suez Crisis xvisuicide bombings xv 55 156 192summer circus camp 42sumud 16supermarket chains and BDS 240superpowers

in ancient IsraelPalestine 13ascollectiveactorinconflict10ndash13in decolonization era 114ndash118misuse of human rights doctrines 53 56Occupation and resistance and 134ndash136peace process and 153 154in pre-state period 93ndash96recent domination in Palestine 13 16two-state solution and 151

Sykes Mark 94Sykes-Picot agreement 88 94ndash97Syria

agricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103civil war in 182claim on Golan Heights 9 23n26 152conflictin18current 141in decolonization era 116 117Egyptrsquos rivalry with 122Fatah support by 122Madrid Conference and 160Palestine imagined as province of 97refugee camps in 9 10 118 121

INDEX

299

refugees from 182Resolution 242 and 139 140Six Day War and 123 124support of Palestinian factions by 122

136unrest in 154Yom Kippur War and 138

TTaba Talks of 2001 162 163Tacitus 149Tahrir Square 222Tamimi Bassem 207 219Tamimi Bilal and Manal 38Tamimi Mostafa 38Tanzimat reforms 93ldquoTaxirdquo (Hammad) 56Taybeh Beer Brewery 40Teach for America 60Tel Aviv boardwalk 35Tel Aviv Israel 43 112 156 193 239Ten Point Program 146n71Tent of Nations 33 34Tessler Mark 17Thant U 123three-family story 194 195Three Norsquos of Khartoum 19 135Thucydides 129Transjordan option 20 25n75transnational market forces 6tribalism 213 214 217Truman Doctrine 115Truman Harry 115 116truth and reconciliation commissions 6Tulkarem West Bank 161 241Tunis Tunisia 143 155Tunisia

Arab Spring in 154Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 138 142 154 155

TurkeyArab Jews in 112aspirations of 179FreeGazaflotillaand168173n117ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140Israeli alliance with 117 141

population transfers and 64Turks See Ottoman EmpireTutu Desmond 3 189 19024 (TV show) 62two-state solution See also one-state

solutionalternatives to 70n87 166apartheid and 190failure of 66First Intifada and 143great powers and 151Green Line and 8 9 19 43human rights standards and 10Israeli settlements and 133 134land division and 43national liberation struggle and 243origins and resurfacing of 65Rabat Declaration and 159Resolution 181 and 235

Tzabar Shimon 129

UUAR (United Arab Republic) 118 122 123UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human

Rights) 50ndash52 56Uganda 8 14 80 87Ukraine 64 92Ulpan plan 92Ulrichrsquos story 185ultra-Orthodox Jews 31 35 77 78 101

See also Orthodox JewsUm al Fahm Israel 194 195Um Kammal 38 39UN Human Rights Commission 61UN Conciliation Commission on Palestine

(UNCCP) 121 122UN General Assembly

admission of PLO 139 167on Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54recognition of Palestine as observer

state 218 219Resolution 181 8 65 101 115

135 235UN High Commissioner for Refugees

(UNHCR) 121 122UN Human Rights Council 181

INDEX

300

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) 43

UN Relief Works Agency (UNRWA) xviii n14 22n23 121 122

UN Security Councilon Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54Resolution 242 134 135 162Resolution 338 162

UNESCO 167 181United Arab Emirates 65United Arab Republic (UAR) 118 122 123United Kingdom 64 65United Nations

at Madrid Conference 160Palestinian Authority and 199partitioning of historic Palestine 8 101

121protocols for protecting refugees 121refugee camps 104Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(UDHR) 50upgrading of Palestinersquos status 181 182Zionism and 214

United StatesAmerican Indians in 58 68n44anti-Arab anti-Muslim prejudice in

59ndash62Arab world awareness in 209Arafat and PLO rejected by 143 144

153 160arms delivery delays by 239BDS precedents in 240Bill of Rights 51blacks as superpatriots in 62blindness and deafness in 236Cold War and 115 117 118 124 139

152colonies in 219Declaration of Independence 68n44Egypt rejected by 117 118GI Bill of Rights 58grassroots social movements in 222Great Society project 228n65human rights standards ignored by 241Immigration and Nationality Act of

1965 58

importanceinconflict243244Israel as liability to 182Israeli-American alliance 116 138 139

152 153 217 227n50Israelrsquos special relationship with 98Jewish community in 44 80 89 91

114 116military aid to Egypt 140Occupation and resistance and 134occupation of Germany 132operations in IsraelPalestine 13 16Palestinian Authority and 161Palestinian elections and 166peace process and 144 152 153

158ndash160race riot responses in 150restrictive immigration policies 111Six Day War and 124suspension of air travel to Tel Aviv 239

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 50ndash52 56

universal jurisdiction 214 215universalismuniversal humanism 46 214

217universities and BDS 240university campuses prejudice on 59 60Uris Leon 208Uruguay 165US State Department 32USAID 229n74Use of Hebrew Date Law (1998) 132Ussishkin Menachem 195 196

VVenezuela 165Veolia 240Verwoerd Hendrik 189veteranrsquos preference 131Vietnam French in 219Vietnam War 134Vietnamese Liberation Front 124vigilantism 32 241 245n30village leagues 141violence

ahistorical presentation of 5resistance and 183state-sponsored 222

INDEX

301

vigilante 32voter suppression 76 82n13

WWadi al Narsquoam Israel 42Wadi Rasha (village) 157Wailing (Western) Wall in Old City 100

112al Walajeh (village) 30 31 133Waltz with Bashir (film) 219Wannsee Conference 187waqf Islamic 8 18 52War of Independence 8 9 103 111 115

116 182 See also Nakba (the Catastrophe)

water shortages 161 164Watergate scandal 138Waxmann Rivka and Haim 109ldquoWe Killed Jesus Wersquore Proud of Itrdquo

(YouTube video) 18Weber Max 49 81n6Weissglass Dov 158 159 187Weizmann Chaim 88 195 196West Bank

division into areas 10 104 161 164efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143efforts to pacify 141firstIntifada and 154 155free trade zones in 224Israeli control of 139 140 150Jewish settlements in 22 23n26 29

133 134 152Jordanian control of 8 9 104 117 118

135 137negotiations and 153new city in 224Palestinian population in 9refugee camps in 9 118Samaritans in 12 46 48n64separation barrier appropriation of land

in 156two-state solution and 159vigilante violence in 32

West Beirut Lebanon 138Western Sahara 154

White Paper of 1921 98 99White Paper of 1939 100 111Who Profits 28 43 239 242Wilson Woodrow 89witchcraft accusations of Pilgrims 78Wolfe Alan 214womenrsquos movement American 222World Trade Organization (WTO) 59 179

222World War I 88 89 94World War II

American occupation of Germany after 132

Great Britain and 104human rights framework and 51 53racial disadvantage after 74reduced to Holocaust 61Zionism and 8 100 101 111

World Zionist Organization (WZO) 87ndash89 234

WTO (the World Trade Organization) 59 179 222

Wye River memorandum 162WZO (World Zionist Organization) 87ndash89

234

YYad Larsquoachim 245n30Yasminersquos story 71 72Yehoshua AB 215Yemen 112 154Yiftachel Oren 243Yishuv 91 100 101 197Yitzachi Aryeh 109Yom Kippur War (1973) 69n54 138 139

182 231 232Young Cynthia 62Yugoslavia 64Yurirsquos story 57Yuvalrsquos story 231 232

ZZangwill Israel 195 196 207 225n4Zapatistas 222Zeidan Mohammad 131Ziadeh Rafif 41

INDEX

302

Zionism 71ndash82 207ndash224 See also pre-state period in history of Zionism Zionists

claim to ownership of IsraelPalestine 13 65 66

as colonization 178contradictions of 195ndash197criticism of 209ethnic cleansing and 196 208ndash212fear of assimilation and 87genocide framework and 186 187global empires and 64globalization and 220ndash224history of 7 8 234 235Holocaust and 8 73 100 101 208ndash211human rights violations and 7inversion of 78ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140 141Israeli-Palestinianconflictand12ndash16

23n38 72 73Jewish homeland vs Jewish state and 7

43 44Jewish identity and 215 216Jewish-Muslim relations prior to 11 12

23n37as Jewish nationalism 235nationalist movement of 66ldquonew Jewsrdquo and 111 112origins of 87

as Palestinian disaster 211parallels to back-to-Africa movement

80 81pioneering mentality 7 21n21psychology of 101rejection of 212 213safety and 216ndash219as self-ghettoization 212ndash216shared ancestry with Palestinians and

14 15Six Day War and 124socialist labor variant of 101universal vs particular in 214 215use of force and 15 24n54

Zionist Commission for Palestine 91 92Zionist Congress eighth (1907) 196Zionist Congress fifth (1901) 89Zionist Congress first (1897) 87 88 196Zionist Organization 87ndash89 91 92 97Zionists See also Zionism

Christian 12 208 225n7expulsion of Palestinians by (See

expulsion of Palestinians)Partition Plan and 102in pre-state period 87ndash93 98 102ldquosoftrdquo 211 226n23in United States 208 225n7

Zochrot (Remembrance) 28 43 237 242Zonszein Mairav 245n30

• REFERENCES
• INDEX

INDEX

286

Haganah 92 102Halamish settlement 29Hallowell A Irving 227n39Hamas

execution of collaborators 33Fatah rivalry with 165food shortages and 187ndash188Israeli operations against 151Israelrsquos early supporttolerance of 156

183Palestinian 2006 elections and 163 166

198Palestinian statements in charter 18 60second Intifada and 158

Hammad Suheir 41 56Hammerman Ilana 242Hamoked 238Hapsburg empire 64 76Haram-al-Sharif 71 72 157Harlem Renaissance 74Haysbert Dennis 62health care system Palestinian 41Hebrew language 65Hebrew textbooks 59Hebron West Bank

description and photos of 35ndash37Israeli soldier in 27kuffiyehfactoryin40Orthodox Jews murdered in 100settler neighborhoods in 134West Bank division and 161Zionist observations of 211 212

heritage tourism 80Herzl TheodordefinitionofJewsand215218firstZionistCongressand8788letter from Arab leader to 96quotes of 19 61 71 85Zionist contradictions and 195 196

Herzliya Conference (2010) 187Hidalgo (film) 58 59hijab 58 59Hillel Rabbi 215Hillels campus 44 92 239Hindus 64Hitler Adolf 64 187Hoffman Alice 27

Hohenzollern empire 64 76Holland 240Holocaust

European Islamophobia and 61genocide framework and 186human rights framework and 51 53number killed in 210 226n16self-defense framework and 180 181survivors of (See Holocaust survivors)Zionist movement and 8 73 100 101

208ndash211Holocaust survivors

criticisms of Gaza massacre by 32fear for safety and 216 217Israel as safe haven for 7 111 112Jewish Agency and 92taxes on reparations to 21n20Zionism and 101

ldquohouse in a boxrdquo 39human agency 52 53human rights

environmental sustainability and 43 52as framework for understanding 6 7 15

232 233of groups 55 56inter-state vs intra-state violence and 52international support for 164ndash168Israelrsquos lack of compliance 134key documents 50 52political 51religion and 52 53safety and 217selective application of standards 52

70n81social and economic 51 76 77standards 4 6 7 10 21n4 232 233

241violations of 40 44 53ndash55weak enforcement of 10 52 56

Human Rights Watch 214Hungary 118 124Huntington Samuel 220Hussein bin Ali King 95Hussein King (of Jordan) 122 135 137

139 140 159Hussein-McMahon correspondence 88

94ndash96

INDEX

287

Hussein Saddam 61 143 153 159 160 183

hybridity 58 59

IIbrahimi Mosque 36 155ICC See International Criminal Court (ICC)ICJ See International Court of Justice (ICJ)ideal type 81n6IDF See Israeli Defense Forces (IDF)Illuz Eva 218India 59 64 160 219International Committee of the Red Cross

54international competitions and BDS 240International Court of Justice (ICJ)

and Fourth Geneva Convention Article 49 54

PA application to 165 172n96 238Palestinersquos upgraded status and 181on separation barrier 157 218Zionism and 214

International Criminal Court (ICC)focus on African cases and individuals

53and Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 67n18PA application to 165 167 172n96 238Palestinersquos upgraded status and 181Rome Statute of 167Zionism and 214

International Solidarity Movement 168Intifada first 19 142ndash144 150ndash156Intifada second

beginning of 157 163in history of Palestinian response to

Zionism 235lynching of Israelis during 241911 and 157 158repression of armed struggle in 192results of 158suicide bombings during 156 192

IranAmerican-Israeli relations and 227n50Arab Jews in 112aspirations of 179ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140

Islamic state installed in 141Israeli alliance with 117 141nuclear weapons and 217 218 228n56Sneh on 181

Iran-Iraq War 141 159Iraq 61

Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103current 141in decolonization era 116 117invasion of Iran 141invasion of Kuwait 144 153 159refugees from 182support of Palestinian factions by 136unrest in 154

iron curtain 114Iron Sheik 41ldquoiron wallrdquo 140ndash142Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women (Okin)

55 56Isaacrsquos story 213ISIS (Islamic State in Iraq and Syria) 59 61Islam

Arabization and 14disputes between branches of 65political (See political Islam)recognition of Jewish and Christian

antecedents 11 23n32Islamic Jihad 140 156Islamic Resistance Movement 18Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) 59 61Islamic waqf 8 18 52Islamophobia 5 58 61 157Israel See also Israelis

American alliance with 116 138 139 152 153 217 227n50

American knowledge of 7anti-discrimination laws in 91anti-Palestinian prejudice in 60 61Basic Laws of 113 114Battle of Karameh and 136bilateral challenges of 179 180 182boundaries of 19boycotts and sanctions against (See

boycotts sanctions and divestments (BDS) movement)

casualties of civilians of 55

INDEX

288

citizenship vs nationality 113 114 131control of historic Palestine 9 10 15

16 20democracy claims of 182 183domestic challenges of 180 182 183Egypt invaded by 118 182estimates of Palestinian refugee numbers

by 22n23food shortages and 187 188global challenges for 181 182globalization and 223 224Hamas and 156 183 187 188human rights standards and 242 243human rights violations by 53ndash55

67n24immigration of Arab Jews 112 113invasion by Arab armies 103Iranrsquos alliance with 117 141Jewish identity and 215Jewish immigrants to 34 131 149 152

153Jewish population of xvii xviii n12language struggles in 65militarism 182 223 224military rule of Palestinians 119 120

130 132 191 197 198national framework creation 110ndash114Nazi Germany comparisons 186 188nuclear weapons in 218Occupation by and resistance to 130ndash

134 183occupation of Golan Heights 23n26Occupied Territories and danger to 183

217 218one-state solution and 167operations against Palestinians 182Oslo Accords and 161 164Palestinian citizens of 114 119 120Palestinian elections and 166Palestinian land appropriated by 119peace process and 150ndash153 160 163

164peace treaty with Egypt 140 141peace treaty with Jordan 141PLO recognition by 162price tag attacks in 32

public sector employment discrimination in 132

raids on West Bank and Gaza 117regional challenges of 179 182religious disputes among Jews in 65Russia and 115 116safety in 217ndash219Six Day War and 122ndash124 130 182social services discrimination in 131

132special relationship with Great Britain

and US 98state creation 8 18 86 103 111State of Emergency declared by 119

130tourism 81Turkeyrsquos alliance with 117 141two-state solution and 167victimization emphasis of 73Yom Kippur War and 138ndash140 182young Jews leaving 78

Israel Day Parade 44IsraelPalestine

ancient groups dominating 13 23n39apartheid in (See apartheid)background information 7ndash10complexity of issues in 5 6division of land in 8emigration from 192 203n81 1963findingthetippingpointin241ndash244history of 86human rights issues in (See human

rights)indigenous populations of 14 15Israeli control of 9ndash10 15 16 20 197lessons from the past and 234ndash237media depiction of violence in 5Palestinian population in 9peace process in (See peace process)residents of 9 10search for just peace in 4 6 12size of 8 22n22tools for change in 165 237ndash241

Israeli Apartheid Weeks 239Israeli-Arab wars 113Israeli Defense Forces (IDF)

INDEX

289

Aida refugee camp and 192creation of 92Disengagement Plan and 158expulsion of Palestinians by 8 22n23Jewish immigrants and 34 149killing of Palestinians by 155Operation Protective Edge and 32vandalization of jeep of 44vigilantism and 245n30

Israeli graduate studentrsquos story 184Israeli High Court 157Israeli self-defense as framework 178ndash184

199Israeli settlements

containment and 33danger to settlers in 183 184expansion of 152 182 197 211

225n14 226n17following Six Day War 133 134as human rights violation 53 54labeling of products from 181media coverage of 5numbers of Jews living in 9population of 22 23n26 209 225n14as strategy to control Palestinians 29 30vigilante violence and 32 39

Israeli state early national periodIsraelis during 110ndash114Palestinians during 118ndash122superpowers 114ndash118tragic spiral 122ndash124

Israeli story 109Israeli Supreme Court 31 46nn9amp10 131

191Israeli vs Palestinian deaths 184Israelis See also Israel

blindness of 218 219 236opposed to Occupation 28 36 38 183

193 218self-interest and 243

Israelites 13 14 23n39Italy 64Itamar settlement 183

JJA (Jewish Agency) 87 92 102 234Jabalya refugee camp 142

Jabotinsky Vladimir 140 141 178 181 195 196

Jackson Jesse 60ldquoJaeckesrdquo 75Jaffa Israel 34 35 212Jaffa Muslim-Christian Council 18Jefferson Thomas 68n44Jenin West Bank 161Jericho West Bank 161Jerusalem See also East Jerusalem

Arab Quarter of Old City 71 72binational 243negotiations and 153seam line within 221settler neighborhoods in 134al Walajeh 30 31 133

Jerusalem-Bethlehem corridor 101Jewish Agency (JA) 87 92 102 234Jewish identity 215 216Jewish National Fund (JNF)

fundraising by 89 98 234Jewish Agency and 92Jewish nationality and 114 125n22Judaization and 91land management by 90 91land purchases by 89 94Zionism in the pre-state period and 87

89ndash92Jewish self-defense 177 178 See also

Israeli self-defenseJewish state vs Jewish homeland 7 43 44Jewish Voices for Peace 242Jews See also Israeli settlements Orthodox

Jews ultra-Orthodox Jews Zionism Zionists

admiration for 61American (See American Jews)Arab 59 92 111ndash113assimilation and 74 75 87 101Christians and in pre-modern era 11

12 23n37communities of in Palestine 8 12confrontation and 77 78Ethiopian 92European 73 76 77 80 111ndash113

124German 75 89

INDEX

290

immigrants to Israel 34 131 149 152 153 160

Israeli national rights for 113 114Muslims and prior to Zionism 11 12

23n37new 111 112 192Palestinian 8 12 92 96parallels to African American

experience 62 73ndash76population in Israel xvii xviii n12Promised Land of 8 52reform and 76Russian 152 160shared ancestry with Palestinians 14 15socialism and 76 77Soviet and post-Soviet 92turning on other Jews 44universalism and 46 214world population of 10

Jimmy Carter Center 166JNF See Jewish National Fund (JNF)Johnson Lyndon 124Jordan

Arab Jews in 112army invasion of Israel 103control of West Bank 8 9 104 117

118 135 137in decolonization era 116 117Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104peace treaty with Israel (1994) 141PLO in 136 137refugee camps in 9 10 118 121 137refugeeinfluxto182Six Day War and 123 124Transjordan option and 20 29unrest in 154

Jordan June 56Jordan River and Valley 123 134

241 242Judaism

Constantinian vs prophetic 227n45Herzl and 215 218self-ghettoization and 215 216survival of 220 221

Judaization of the land 11 15 16 42 60 91 131

Judis John 226n23Judt Tony 166

KKafka Franz 216Kahan Commission 138Kanazi Remi 41Karameh Battle of 136Karenrsquos story 210Karon Tony 190 215 220Kasrils Ronnie 186 190Kathleenrsquos story 178 179Kearney Michael 172n96Kennedy John F 149 244Keret Etgar 151Kerry John 44 163 190Khalidi Walid 22n24Khartoum Declaration 19 135 151 159Kibbutz Megido 90King Martin Luther 75 231The Kingdom (film) 62kinship 56 57 68n36Knesset 131 132 140 183 188 218Kramer Martin 187 188Kristalnacht 185Ku Klux Klan 79kuffiyeh factory in Hebron 40Kuhn Thomas 49 132Kurds 65 235Kuwait 144 153 154 159Kweli Talib 62

Llabor

globalization and rights 223 224Jewish vs Palestinian 192 196

laicism 64Lajee Center 42 239Lajun (Palestinian village) 31 90land for peace 133The Land of Israel Past and Present

(Ben Gurion and Ben Zvi) 14Larsquoor Yitzak 61Laurens Henri 208Law and Governance Article 18A 132Law of Return 113 114 125n22 131

152

INDEX

291

The Law In These Parts 187League of Nations

failure to prevent war 51mandatory system 89 95Palestine Mandate 20 89

Lebanonagricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103Christian groups in 138in decolonization era 116 117Israeli invasion of 182Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 137 138 141 142political compromises in 182refugee camps in 9 118 121 137 138

141unrest in 154

legal and advocacy tools for change 238 239

Letters of Mutual Recognition 161 162Leunig Michael 3Levi Primo 185 216Leviev 240Levy Gideon 216Liberia 79 80 81Libya 154Lifta (village) 31 43Likud Party 60Little Town of Bethlehem (film) 231Lubavitcher Jews 77 78Lydda ethnic cleansing of 155 156 211

212

MMadrid Conference 153 159 160Maghreb 112 113Maghrebi neighborhood in East Jerusalem

133Magnes Judah 43 211Maher Bill 57Mahmoud (al Walajeh resident) 30 31Maimonides 214 216Mali 154Malthus Thomas 239Mamdani Mahmood 53 70n81

Mamilla Cemetery Jerusalem 61Mandate Palestine See British Mandatory

PalestineMandela Nelson 50 188 189Mandelbaum Gate 221Mansfield Michael 236 237Maquiladoras 224market systems global 222Marshall George C 103Marx Karl 73 77 216Massachusetts Bay Colony 78Massad Joseph 77Maureenrsquos story 220 224Mauritania 154 160Mavi Marmara (ship) 141 168mawat 134McCarthyism 78McMahon Henry 95media mainstream 4 28Mekorot 240Merchant of Venice (Shakespeare) 74 75Mexico 224Middle Ages 12 23n37militarism 182 223 224Mirarsquos story 216 217Misgav Uri 186Modirsquoin Illit settlement 157Molad 243monotheism 214 220 221Moroccan Quarter in East Jerusalem

133Morocco 154 160Morris Benny 22n24 107n75 186

209 211Motorola sanctions against 240Moving Towards Home (Jordan) 56mowing the lawn 153 168Moynihan Daniel Patrick 228n65Mubarak Hosni 141Multi-National Peacekeeping force

138multiculturalism 55 56 78 79Museum of Tolerance 61Museum on the Seam 221Muslim Brotherhood 156Muslims

Arab 58

INDEX

292

Islamic waqf of 8 18 52Jews and prior to Zionism 11 12

23n37Palestinian factions of 136population transfers 64world population of 10

Mussolini Benito 64My Promised Land (Shavit) 211

NNabi Saleh West Bank

Halamish settlement and 29protests and demonstrations in 183 239spring water access in 29 38 40 183tear gas canister garlands in 241Zionist observations of 212

Nablus West Bank 12 32 46 48n64 161Nader Ralph 5Nakba (the Catastrophe) See also War of

Independenceagreement of facts about 18 24 25n64

180beginning of 102 107n67end of 8 9Israeli school curriculum and 237Jaffa and 34 212Operation Dani in 155 156 170n43Palestinians displaced in 113 155 156

197Palestinians in Israel following 118 119planting over villages destroyed in 90soft Zionism and 211Soviet military aid to Israel during 115statistics on 22n23Zochrot and 43

Nakhleh Khalil 220Nasser Daoud 33Nasser Gamal Abdel 117 118 122ndash124

136Nasserism 97nation and nationalism 50 62ndash66

history of 64 65human rights violations and 64 65language and 65mediating institutions 63 70n76in Middle East 65modern nation states 63 70n74 76

Palestinians and 235prehistory to nationalism 70n80racialclassificationcomparedto64religion and 64Zionism and 235

Nation of Islam 77national identity 113 114National Priority Areas (NPA) 131Native Americans 58 68n44 227n39Nazis 185 186 210Negev Israel

Bedouins in 41 91human rights groups and 4Judaization of 16 41 91 131oil possibilities in 116Palestinian community in 28Peel Commission Report and 99refugees from 24n52

Negotiations Support Unit of PA 51neocolonialism 53 56Nestlersquos boycott against 240Netanyahu Benjamin

Abu Mazen and 151American-Israeli relations and 227n50Bar Ilan University speech and 163Oslo process and 161pacificationofPalestiniansand32post-post-Zionism and 21n21violence and 155

Neuhaus Richard John 70n76ldquonew Jewsrdquo 111 112 192New York Times 5 32NGOs See non-governmental organizations

(NGOs)Nicaragua 183Nilirsquoin (village) 40 183 239911 terrorist attacks 59 61 78 157 163972 Magazine 32Nixon Richard 138Nobel Peace Prize (1979) 140non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

Israeli 28 40 43Palestinian 40 47n35 199social justice and 222 223 229n74tools for change and 237 238

Nordau Max 88 195 196Noriega Manuel 183

INDEX

293

North Africa 112Northern Ireland 12Norway 240NPA (National Priority Areas) 131nuclear weapons 217 218 228n56Nueva Vida 229n75

oObama Barack 79observer entity Palestine as 139 167 181observer state Palestine as 19 165 167

181 218 219Occupation 129ndash144 See also Israeli set-

tlementsas apartheid (See apartheid)bilateral challenges and 179 180domestic challenges and 180effects on agriculture of Palestinians

142 146n81as elephant in the room 6establishment of 86in Israeli textbooks xvIsraelis opposed to 28 36 38 183 193

218Israelrsquos establishment of 130ndash135oppression of Palestinians and 12 15

16 27 28 46n2 90permitting processes in 198planning and implementation of 132

133resistance by Palestinians 5 135ndash138soft Zionism and 211superpowers and 134ndash136tragic spiral and 138ndash144as trap 7witnessing by American Jewish leaders

238Occupied Golan Heights See Golan HeightsOccupied Palestinian Territories See also

Gaza West Bankldquobreak their bonesrdquo Israeli conduct in

150 156containment within 33ndash39dangers to Israel in 183 217 218geographic divides and 154 155 158

191Israeli control of 20

Israelrsquos encouragement of settlements within 54

population in 9 10OCHA (UN Office for the Coordination of

Humanitarian Affairs) 43oil interests 59 115 116ldquooil shockrdquo 139Ojibwa people 227n39Okin Susan Muller 55 56Old New Land (Herzl) 196Old Testament 11ldquoolimrdquo 78Olim Berlin 78Olim Prague 78Olmert Ehud 45 187 190Olympics in Munich (1972) 137Oman 154 160Omar (film) 41one-state solution See also two-state solu-

tionalternatives to 70n87apartheid and 242civil rights struggle and 44 166 167

243increased interest in 66Transjordan option and 20

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 69n54 139

Open Hillels 44 239Operation Cast Lead

criticism of Israel and 182FreeGazaflotillaand168genocide comparisons 186ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163trip to PalestineIsrael during 71Zionist defense of 215

Operation Dani 155 156 170n43Operation Defensive Shield 151 182Operation Pillar of Defense 153 163 182Operation Protective Edge

anti-Semitism and 61BDS and sanctions and 165British support for Gaza in 219cause of 166FreeGazaflotillaand168

INDEX

294

Gaza as a woman and 57genocide comparisons 186Israeli militarism and 182ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163skepticism about 209US suspension of air travel during 239Zionist defense of 215

ldquoOreosrdquo 75Organization of Petroleum Exporting

Countries (OPEC) 69n54 139orientalism 58Orthodox Jews 32 47n40 48n64 77

78 100 101 113 See also ultra-Orthodox Jews

Oslo AccordsCamp David Summit and 162failure of 161 162 164Netanyahu and 161Palestinian acceptance of 19peace process and 155settlement expansion after 152Taba negotiations and 51two-state solution and 65 159 160 161water shortages and 161 164West Bank divisions and 10 104 161

164otherness embracing of 77ndash79Ottoman Empire

Arab revolt against 95 96dismemberment of lands of 94 95end of 76 91 92Herzl and 88land laws 134 141land records from 33ruling of land of IsraelPalestine 13 64Tanzimat reforms 93 94

Oz Amos 212

Ppacification 32 33 99 150Pakistan 64Palestine See also IsraelPalestine

Occupied Palestinian Territories Palestinians

as choice for Jewish homeland 80

Christian communities in 8competing claims on 8 13 52 65 232de-Arabization of 100 102 117history of 234Jewish communities in 8 12 92 96ldquoland without a peoplerdquo 207 225n4news coverage of 5as observer entity 139 167 181as observer state 19 165 167 181 218

219Peel Commission Report and 98 99in pre-state period 96ndash100UN designation of land for 8villages destroyed in 9 22n24 103Zionist immigration to 87 89 91 92

98 100Palestine Arab Congress 97Palestine Arab Delegation 85Palestine Fair Trade Association 40Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

commitments of declared by Arafat 162diverse factions of 136 137elections awaited by 199formation of 122 136as independent national authority 139

140 159Jordan and 136 137Lebanon and 137 138 141 142merging with Fatah 122 136national unity and 243Rabat Declaration and 158two-state solution and 65United States exclusion of 143 144

153 160weakening in Ramallah 158

Palestine National Congress (PNC) 143Palestine Office 91 92Palestine Peace not Apartheid (Carter) 189Palestine Strategy Study Group 243Palestine Zionist Executive 92Palestinian Authority

Adnanrsquos story and 51applications to ICC and ICJ 165 238establishment of 159 161national unity and 243Oslo agreements and 19 164Rome Statue of ICC and 167

INDEX

295

UN and 183 198 199Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) 156Palestinian Legislative Council 166 199

243Palestinian National Council 199 243Palestinian Rebellion 100Palestinian refugees

appropriation of land from 119discrimination against 131Jewish refugees compared to 113numbers of xviii xviii n14 24n52in refugee camps 9 10 104 118 121right of return xviii n14 15at time of Israeli state formation 103

Palestinian story 109 110Palestinian vs Israeli deaths 184Palestinians See also Palestine

in administrative detention 120child-naming practices 23n32Christian 8 9 33 97 183 218civilian casualties 55containment of 33ndash39creativity and resilience of 40ndash43as demographic threat 217 218Diaspora community of 104 239 241discrimination against 131 132distribution in IsraelPalestine 9educational attainment of xviii 28 40

46n6 72 238efforts to pacify 141 142elections held by 165 166expulsion of (See expulsion of

Palestinians)food shortages and 187 188 196General Strike by 98globalization and 223 224Hamas charter statements 18human rights violations by 54 55

67n24internal displacement of 9 24n52 34

90 103 118 119in Israel following Nakba 118 119as Israeli citizens 114 119 120

130ndash132 182 183 191Israeli state creation and 118ndash122killed and wounded in Gaza 32Kuwaitrsquos expulsion of 144

land captured from 92lobbying efforts to British 97as long term residents of IsraelPalestine

13media presentation of 28under military rule 119 120 130 132

191 197 198mob killings by 100 101Muslim 9 97 183national identity of 65 66 96 97 235need for national unity 243Occupation and (See under Occupation)pacificationof3233peace process and 154ndash158 164population of xvii xviii n13in pre-state period 89 96ndash102prohibited to live with spouses 31proverb 231refugees (See Palestinian refugees)as ldquoresidentsrdquo of East Jerusalem 130

133Resolution 242 and 135rock-throwing by children 5safety of 217 219self-determination pursuit by 16shared ancestry with Jews 14 15Six Day War and 124 130stereotypes of 5 7storyofdifficultiesinsharing4ndash6

PalTel 40pan-Arabism 97 117 123 136 235Panama 183Pappe Ilan 186 198Paradise Now (film) 41Paraguay 165particularism 212 213 214 217Partition Plan 102 115 116 141Patinkin Mandy 165Paulrsquos story 27 43peace camp 33 34peace process 149ndash168

changing boundaries and 104failure of 168firstIntifada and 155human rights and 164ndash168Israelis and 150ndash153 160 163 164Palestinians and 154ndash158 164

INDEX

296

superpowers and 153 154tragic spiral 155ndash164United States and 144 152

Peel Commission Report 65 98ndash100 197Peled-Elhanan Nurit xvPeled-Elhanan Smadar xvPeled Matti xvPeled Miko xvPeled Yoav xvpension funds and BDS 240permitting processes 198Peru 165Peterrsquos story 63PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of

Palestine) 136 156Philistines 13Picot Francois Georges 94PIJ (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) 156Pilgrims American 78pine trees planted in Palestine 90pink-washing 47n40Pinochet Augusto 214 215Pitersberg Gabriel 61Plan Dalet (Plan D) 102 103 107n75PLO See Palestine Liberation Organization

(PLO)PNC (Palestine National Congress) 143Poitier Sidney 81n10Poland 64political Islam

American race relations and 59Arab states and 244blacks as superpatriots and 62otherness and 78Palestinianflirtationwith16235pan-Arab unity and 97

politicide 199polytheism 214Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

(PFLP) 136 156population transfers 16 20 54 64 99 197post-post-Zionism 21 22n21post-Zionism 21n21Powell Colin 62pre-state period in history of Zionism

great powers in 93ndash96Palestinians in 96ndash100

tragic spiral 100ndash105Zionists in 87ndash93

present absentees 118 119price tag attacks 32Prince Stephen 177prophetic vs Constantinian Judaism 227n45protection gap 121Proust Marcel 216psychological warfare 188Ptolemy 49

QQalandiya checkpoint 149 235 236Qalqilya West Bank 161Qatar 160Qibya West Bank 117Quakers 240Qurrsquoan 11Quran Fadi 40

RR2P (Responsibility to Protect) 53Rabat Declaration 139 140 159Rabin Yitzhak 155 156 161 162 170n43race 50 56ndash62

anti-Arab racism 59ndash62 196 197blacks as superpatriots 62invidious nature of distinctions 58power and 58 59relations in the United States 59scientificdefinitionof5862as social construction 58 190

racial privilege 58 59racism 59ndash62 181 190 196 197 218Rakeek Mariam Abu 28Ramallah West Bank 28 161 183 241Ramle ethnic cleansing of 155 156Ras a-Tire (village) 157Rashomon effect 177Ravitch Diane 212Rawabi West Bank 223realpolitik 6 233Reconstruction failure of 79Red Scare 78Reel Bad Arabs (documentary) 5reform 75ndash77 81nn9amp10Reformation 87

INDEX

297

refugee campsexpelled Palestinians in 9 10 104 118

121numbers in 24n52rationing of water and electricity to 191in surrounding countries 9 10 24n52

104 118 121 141in West Bank and Gaza 9 24n52 118

Refugee Convention of 1951 121 122Refugee Protocol (1967) 121 122regional power struggles 179religion

human rights and 52 53nationalism and 64

resistance as a tool for change 239Responsibility to Protect (R2P) 53Ricardo David 239Rice Condoleezza 62Richardrsquos story 3 4Rihanna 165Riwaq 40Road Map 163Romania 182Romanov empire 64Rome Statute of ICC 167Roots (TV mini-series) 80Rose Tricia 82n19Ruffalo Mark 165Ruppin Arthur 195 196Russell Tribunal 190 236Russia

alliance with Egypt 137ndash139Cold War and 115global economy and 59Herzl and 88Jewish immigrants from 152 160peace process and 159 160recognition of Israel 116Six Day War and 123 124Sykes-Picot Agreement and 94 95WWI and 88 89

Al Ruwwad Childrenrsquos Dance Theater 42

Sal Sabawi Khaled 42Sabeel 186Sabra 111

Sabra refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Sadat Anwar 140 244safety promise of 216ndash219Said Edward 164ndash166Said-Foqahaa Nader 129 130Salaita Steven 242Samaritans 12 46 48n64Samuel Herbert 88Santayana George 234ldquoSaturday Night Massacrerdquo 138Saudi Arabia 103 116 154 179school bus crash 18secessionist movements 64second (Al Aqsa) Intifada See Intifada

secondsecular humanism 220 221 See also

universalismuniversal humanismSegev Tom 15 111 216self-ghettoization Zionism as 212ndash216separation barrier Israeli

around homes 39attempts to breach 192containment and 33ICJ on 157 218national security as rationale for 156

179Palestinian labor exclusion and 192protests and 40roboticization of 242suicide bombings and 156 171n54

September 11 terrorist attacks See 911 terrorist attacks

service work as a tool for change 239settler only roads 134 191Shaftsbury Earl of 225n4Shah of Iran 141 159Shahian Abdel Aziz 25n74Shakespeare William 74 75Shamir Yitzhak 194Shamir Yoav 181Shapira Anita 24n54 101 107n63Shapira Yonatan 57 231Sharon Ariel

counter-proposal to two-state solution 143

election of 163

INDEX

298

Gazan resistance and 158massacre in Qibya and 117pacificationofWestBankand141refugee camp massacres and 138second Intifada and 157settlement building and 134war on Arab terror and 61

Shatila refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Shavit Ari 101 105n6 180 211 212Sheikh Jerrah East Jerusalem 38 39Shepherd Matthew 210Sherwood Harriet 22 23n26 225n14Shlaim Avi 99Shula Alonirsquos story 189shuttle diplomacy 163Shylock (in Merchant of Venice) 74 75Siegman Henry 218 219Sierra Leone 79Simon Wiesenthal Center 61Sinai Peninsula 134 135 138 139 140Six Day War (1967)

as ldquodefensive warrdquo 123 133expulsions during 197Israeli control of historic Palestine and

9 15 45 124 130 182situation leading to 122ndash124

slavery 5 58 73 76 79Slovak Republic 64Smith Adam 239Smith Charles D 137Sneh Ephraim 180 181 227n50social media positive effects of 222 See

also Facebook postssocialism 76 77 101 110sociocide as term xv 198 199 236 See

also ethnic cleansingsociocidesoft Zionism 211 226n23Somoza Anastasio 183South Africa apartheid system in 12 45

153 186 188ndash193 233 234Soviet Union

Cold War and 114 115 117 118 152collapse of 61 144 152invasion of Hungary 118 124Jews from 92Occupation and resistance and 134

peace process and 159 160spaciocide 199Spain 64 65 159 160 240sperm smuggling 242Spielberg Steven 79Spinoza Baruch 73 216starvation 187 188 196State of Emergency 119 130State Stamp Law (1949) 132Straights of Tiran 123 140Straw Jack 96Streisand Barbara 79The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

(Kuhn) 132Sudan 154Suez Canal 118 123 140 182Suez Crisis xvisuicide bombings xv 55 156 192summer circus camp 42sumud 16supermarket chains and BDS 240superpowers

in ancient IsraelPalestine 13ascollectiveactorinconflict10ndash13in decolonization era 114ndash118misuse of human rights doctrines 53 56Occupation and resistance and 134ndash136peace process and 153 154in pre-state period 93ndash96recent domination in Palestine 13 16two-state solution and 151

Sykes Mark 94Sykes-Picot agreement 88 94ndash97Syria

agricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103civil war in 182claim on Golan Heights 9 23n26 152conflictin18current 141in decolonization era 116 117Egyptrsquos rivalry with 122Fatah support by 122Madrid Conference and 160Palestine imagined as province of 97refugee camps in 9 10 118 121

INDEX

299

refugees from 182Resolution 242 and 139 140Six Day War and 123 124support of Palestinian factions by 122

136unrest in 154Yom Kippur War and 138

TTaba Talks of 2001 162 163Tacitus 149Tahrir Square 222Tamimi Bassem 207 219Tamimi Bilal and Manal 38Tamimi Mostafa 38Tanzimat reforms 93ldquoTaxirdquo (Hammad) 56Taybeh Beer Brewery 40Teach for America 60Tel Aviv boardwalk 35Tel Aviv Israel 43 112 156 193 239Ten Point Program 146n71Tent of Nations 33 34Tessler Mark 17Thant U 123three-family story 194 195Three Norsquos of Khartoum 19 135Thucydides 129Transjordan option 20 25n75transnational market forces 6tribalism 213 214 217Truman Doctrine 115Truman Harry 115 116truth and reconciliation commissions 6Tulkarem West Bank 161 241Tunis Tunisia 143 155Tunisia

Arab Spring in 154Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 138 142 154 155

TurkeyArab Jews in 112aspirations of 179FreeGazaflotillaand168173n117ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140Israeli alliance with 117 141

population transfers and 64Turks See Ottoman EmpireTutu Desmond 3 189 19024 (TV show) 62two-state solution See also one-state

solutionalternatives to 70n87 166apartheid and 190failure of 66First Intifada and 143great powers and 151Green Line and 8 9 19 43human rights standards and 10Israeli settlements and 133 134land division and 43national liberation struggle and 243origins and resurfacing of 65Rabat Declaration and 159Resolution 181 and 235

Tzabar Shimon 129

UUAR (United Arab Republic) 118 122 123UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human

Rights) 50ndash52 56Uganda 8 14 80 87Ukraine 64 92Ulpan plan 92Ulrichrsquos story 185ultra-Orthodox Jews 31 35 77 78 101

See also Orthodox JewsUm al Fahm Israel 194 195Um Kammal 38 39UN Human Rights Commission 61UN Conciliation Commission on Palestine

(UNCCP) 121 122UN General Assembly

admission of PLO 139 167on Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54recognition of Palestine as observer

state 218 219Resolution 181 8 65 101 115

135 235UN High Commissioner for Refugees

(UNHCR) 121 122UN Human Rights Council 181

INDEX

300

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) 43

UN Relief Works Agency (UNRWA) xviii n14 22n23 121 122

UN Security Councilon Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54Resolution 242 134 135 162Resolution 338 162

UNESCO 167 181United Arab Emirates 65United Arab Republic (UAR) 118 122 123United Kingdom 64 65United Nations

at Madrid Conference 160Palestinian Authority and 199partitioning of historic Palestine 8 101

121protocols for protecting refugees 121refugee camps 104Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(UDHR) 50upgrading of Palestinersquos status 181 182Zionism and 214

United StatesAmerican Indians in 58 68n44anti-Arab anti-Muslim prejudice in

59ndash62Arab world awareness in 209Arafat and PLO rejected by 143 144

153 160arms delivery delays by 239BDS precedents in 240Bill of Rights 51blacks as superpatriots in 62blindness and deafness in 236Cold War and 115 117 118 124 139

152colonies in 219Declaration of Independence 68n44Egypt rejected by 117 118GI Bill of Rights 58grassroots social movements in 222Great Society project 228n65human rights standards ignored by 241Immigration and Nationality Act of

1965 58

importanceinconflict243244Israel as liability to 182Israeli-American alliance 116 138 139

152 153 217 227n50Israelrsquos special relationship with 98Jewish community in 44 80 89 91

114 116military aid to Egypt 140Occupation and resistance and 134occupation of Germany 132operations in IsraelPalestine 13 16Palestinian Authority and 161Palestinian elections and 166peace process and 144 152 153

158ndash160race riot responses in 150restrictive immigration policies 111Six Day War and 124suspension of air travel to Tel Aviv 239

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 50ndash52 56

universal jurisdiction 214 215universalismuniversal humanism 46 214

217universities and BDS 240university campuses prejudice on 59 60Uris Leon 208Uruguay 165US State Department 32USAID 229n74Use of Hebrew Date Law (1998) 132Ussishkin Menachem 195 196

VVenezuela 165Veolia 240Verwoerd Hendrik 189veteranrsquos preference 131Vietnam French in 219Vietnam War 134Vietnamese Liberation Front 124vigilantism 32 241 245n30village leagues 141violence

ahistorical presentation of 5resistance and 183state-sponsored 222

INDEX

301

vigilante 32voter suppression 76 82n13

WWadi al Narsquoam Israel 42Wadi Rasha (village) 157Wailing (Western) Wall in Old City 100

112al Walajeh (village) 30 31 133Waltz with Bashir (film) 219Wannsee Conference 187waqf Islamic 8 18 52War of Independence 8 9 103 111 115

116 182 See also Nakba (the Catastrophe)

water shortages 161 164Watergate scandal 138Waxmann Rivka and Haim 109ldquoWe Killed Jesus Wersquore Proud of Itrdquo

(YouTube video) 18Weber Max 49 81n6Weissglass Dov 158 159 187Weizmann Chaim 88 195 196West Bank

division into areas 10 104 161 164efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143efforts to pacify 141firstIntifada and 154 155free trade zones in 224Israeli control of 139 140 150Jewish settlements in 22 23n26 29

133 134 152Jordanian control of 8 9 104 117 118

135 137negotiations and 153new city in 224Palestinian population in 9refugee camps in 9 118Samaritans in 12 46 48n64separation barrier appropriation of land

in 156two-state solution and 159vigilante violence in 32

West Beirut Lebanon 138Western Sahara 154

White Paper of 1921 98 99White Paper of 1939 100 111Who Profits 28 43 239 242Wilson Woodrow 89witchcraft accusations of Pilgrims 78Wolfe Alan 214womenrsquos movement American 222World Trade Organization (WTO) 59 179

222World War I 88 89 94World War II

American occupation of Germany after 132

Great Britain and 104human rights framework and 51 53racial disadvantage after 74reduced to Holocaust 61Zionism and 8 100 101 111

World Zionist Organization (WZO) 87ndash89 234

WTO (the World Trade Organization) 59 179 222

Wye River memorandum 162WZO (World Zionist Organization) 87ndash89

234

YYad Larsquoachim 245n30Yasminersquos story 71 72Yehoshua AB 215Yemen 112 154Yiftachel Oren 243Yishuv 91 100 101 197Yitzachi Aryeh 109Yom Kippur War (1973) 69n54 138 139

182 231 232Young Cynthia 62Yugoslavia 64Yurirsquos story 57Yuvalrsquos story 231 232

ZZangwill Israel 195 196 207 225n4Zapatistas 222Zeidan Mohammad 131Ziadeh Rafif 41

INDEX

302

Zionism 71ndash82 207ndash224 See also pre-state period in history of Zionism Zionists

claim to ownership of IsraelPalestine 13 65 66

as colonization 178contradictions of 195ndash197criticism of 209ethnic cleansing and 196 208ndash212fear of assimilation and 87genocide framework and 186 187global empires and 64globalization and 220ndash224history of 7 8 234 235Holocaust and 8 73 100 101 208ndash211human rights violations and 7inversion of 78ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140 141Israeli-Palestinianconflictand12ndash16

23n38 72 73Jewish homeland vs Jewish state and 7

43 44Jewish identity and 215 216Jewish-Muslim relations prior to 11 12

23n37as Jewish nationalism 235nationalist movement of 66ldquonew Jewsrdquo and 111 112origins of 87

as Palestinian disaster 211parallels to back-to-Africa movement

80 81pioneering mentality 7 21n21psychology of 101rejection of 212 213safety and 216ndash219as self-ghettoization 212ndash216shared ancestry with Palestinians and

14 15Six Day War and 124socialist labor variant of 101universal vs particular in 214 215use of force and 15 24n54

Zionist Commission for Palestine 91 92Zionist Congress eighth (1907) 196Zionist Congress fifth (1901) 89Zionist Congress first (1897) 87 88 196Zionist Organization 87ndash89 91 92 97Zionists See also Zionism

Christian 12 208 225n7expulsion of Palestinians by (See

expulsion of Palestinians)Partition Plan and 102in pre-state period 87ndash93 98 102ldquosoftrdquo 211 226n23in United States 208 225n7

Zochrot (Remembrance) 28 43 237 242Zonszein Mairav 245n30

• REFERENCES
• INDEX

INDEX

287

Hussein Saddam 61 143 153 159 160 183

hybridity 58 59

IIbrahimi Mosque 36 155ICC See International Criminal Court (ICC)ICJ See International Court of Justice (ICJ)ideal type 81n6IDF See Israeli Defense Forces (IDF)Illuz Eva 218India 59 64 160 219International Committee of the Red Cross

54international competitions and BDS 240International Court of Justice (ICJ)

and Fourth Geneva Convention Article 49 54

PA application to 165 172n96 238Palestinersquos upgraded status and 181on separation barrier 157 218Zionism and 214

International Criminal Court (ICC)focus on African cases and individuals

53and Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 67n18PA application to 165 167 172n96 238Palestinersquos upgraded status and 181Rome Statute of 167Zionism and 214

International Solidarity Movement 168Intifada first 19 142ndash144 150ndash156Intifada second

beginning of 157 163in history of Palestinian response to

Zionism 235lynching of Israelis during 241911 and 157 158repression of armed struggle in 192results of 158suicide bombings during 156 192

IranAmerican-Israeli relations and 227n50Arab Jews in 112aspirations of 179ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140

Islamic state installed in 141Israeli alliance with 117 141nuclear weapons and 217 218 228n56Sneh on 181

Iran-Iraq War 141 159Iraq 61

Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103current 141in decolonization era 116 117invasion of Iran 141invasion of Kuwait 144 153 159refugees from 182support of Palestinian factions by 136unrest in 154

iron curtain 114Iron Sheik 41ldquoiron wallrdquo 140ndash142Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women (Okin)

55 56Isaacrsquos story 213ISIS (Islamic State in Iraq and Syria) 59 61Islam

Arabization and 14disputes between branches of 65political (See political Islam)recognition of Jewish and Christian

antecedents 11 23n32Islamic Jihad 140 156Islamic Resistance Movement 18Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) 59 61Islamic waqf 8 18 52Islamophobia 5 58 61 157Israel See also Israelis

American alliance with 116 138 139 152 153 217 227n50

American knowledge of 7anti-discrimination laws in 91anti-Palestinian prejudice in 60 61Basic Laws of 113 114Battle of Karameh and 136bilateral challenges of 179 180 182boundaries of 19boycotts and sanctions against (See

boycotts sanctions and divestments (BDS) movement)

casualties of civilians of 55

INDEX

288

citizenship vs nationality 113 114 131control of historic Palestine 9 10 15

16 20democracy claims of 182 183domestic challenges of 180 182 183Egypt invaded by 118 182estimates of Palestinian refugee numbers

by 22n23food shortages and 187 188global challenges for 181 182globalization and 223 224Hamas and 156 183 187 188human rights standards and 242 243human rights violations by 53ndash55

67n24immigration of Arab Jews 112 113invasion by Arab armies 103Iranrsquos alliance with 117 141Jewish identity and 215Jewish immigrants to 34 131 149 152

153Jewish population of xvii xviii n12language struggles in 65militarism 182 223 224military rule of Palestinians 119 120

130 132 191 197 198national framework creation 110ndash114Nazi Germany comparisons 186 188nuclear weapons in 218Occupation by and resistance to 130ndash

134 183occupation of Golan Heights 23n26Occupied Territories and danger to 183

217 218one-state solution and 167operations against Palestinians 182Oslo Accords and 161 164Palestinian citizens of 114 119 120Palestinian elections and 166Palestinian land appropriated by 119peace process and 150ndash153 160 163

164peace treaty with Egypt 140 141peace treaty with Jordan 141PLO recognition by 162price tag attacks in 32

public sector employment discrimination in 132

raids on West Bank and Gaza 117regional challenges of 179 182religious disputes among Jews in 65Russia and 115 116safety in 217ndash219Six Day War and 122ndash124 130 182social services discrimination in 131

132special relationship with Great Britain

and US 98state creation 8 18 86 103 111State of Emergency declared by 119

130tourism 81Turkeyrsquos alliance with 117 141two-state solution and 167victimization emphasis of 73Yom Kippur War and 138ndash140 182young Jews leaving 78

Israel Day Parade 44IsraelPalestine

ancient groups dominating 13 23n39apartheid in (See apartheid)background information 7ndash10complexity of issues in 5 6division of land in 8emigration from 192 203n81 1963findingthetippingpointin241ndash244history of 86human rights issues in (See human

rights)indigenous populations of 14 15Israeli control of 9ndash10 15 16 20 197lessons from the past and 234ndash237media depiction of violence in 5Palestinian population in 9peace process in (See peace process)residents of 9 10search for just peace in 4 6 12size of 8 22n22tools for change in 165 237ndash241

Israeli Apartheid Weeks 239Israeli-Arab wars 113Israeli Defense Forces (IDF)

INDEX

289

Aida refugee camp and 192creation of 92Disengagement Plan and 158expulsion of Palestinians by 8 22n23Jewish immigrants and 34 149killing of Palestinians by 155Operation Protective Edge and 32vandalization of jeep of 44vigilantism and 245n30

Israeli graduate studentrsquos story 184Israeli High Court 157Israeli self-defense as framework 178ndash184

199Israeli settlements

containment and 33danger to settlers in 183 184expansion of 152 182 197 211

225n14 226n17following Six Day War 133 134as human rights violation 53 54labeling of products from 181media coverage of 5numbers of Jews living in 9population of 22 23n26 209 225n14as strategy to control Palestinians 29 30vigilante violence and 32 39

Israeli state early national periodIsraelis during 110ndash114Palestinians during 118ndash122superpowers 114ndash118tragic spiral 122ndash124

Israeli story 109Israeli Supreme Court 31 46nn9amp10 131

191Israeli vs Palestinian deaths 184Israelis See also Israel

blindness of 218 219 236opposed to Occupation 28 36 38 183

193 218self-interest and 243

Israelites 13 14 23n39Italy 64Itamar settlement 183

JJA (Jewish Agency) 87 92 102 234Jabalya refugee camp 142

Jabotinsky Vladimir 140 141 178 181 195 196

Jackson Jesse 60ldquoJaeckesrdquo 75Jaffa Israel 34 35 212Jaffa Muslim-Christian Council 18Jefferson Thomas 68n44Jenin West Bank 161Jericho West Bank 161Jerusalem See also East Jerusalem

Arab Quarter of Old City 71 72binational 243negotiations and 153seam line within 221settler neighborhoods in 134al Walajeh 30 31 133

Jerusalem-Bethlehem corridor 101Jewish Agency (JA) 87 92 102 234Jewish identity 215 216Jewish National Fund (JNF)

fundraising by 89 98 234Jewish Agency and 92Jewish nationality and 114 125n22Judaization and 91land management by 90 91land purchases by 89 94Zionism in the pre-state period and 87

89ndash92Jewish self-defense 177 178 See also

Israeli self-defenseJewish state vs Jewish homeland 7 43 44Jewish Voices for Peace 242Jews See also Israeli settlements Orthodox

Jews ultra-Orthodox Jews Zionism Zionists

admiration for 61American (See American Jews)Arab 59 92 111ndash113assimilation and 74 75 87 101Christians and in pre-modern era 11

12 23n37communities of in Palestine 8 12confrontation and 77 78Ethiopian 92European 73 76 77 80 111ndash113

124German 75 89

INDEX

290

immigrants to Israel 34 131 149 152 153 160

Israeli national rights for 113 114Muslims and prior to Zionism 11 12

23n37new 111 112 192Palestinian 8 12 92 96parallels to African American

experience 62 73ndash76population in Israel xvii xviii n12Promised Land of 8 52reform and 76Russian 152 160shared ancestry with Palestinians 14 15socialism and 76 77Soviet and post-Soviet 92turning on other Jews 44universalism and 46 214world population of 10

Jimmy Carter Center 166JNF See Jewish National Fund (JNF)Johnson Lyndon 124Jordan

Arab Jews in 112army invasion of Israel 103control of West Bank 8 9 104 117

118 135 137in decolonization era 116 117Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104peace treaty with Israel (1994) 141PLO in 136 137refugee camps in 9 10 118 121 137refugeeinfluxto182Six Day War and 123 124Transjordan option and 20 29unrest in 154

Jordan June 56Jordan River and Valley 123 134

241 242Judaism

Constantinian vs prophetic 227n45Herzl and 215 218self-ghettoization and 215 216survival of 220 221

Judaization of the land 11 15 16 42 60 91 131

Judis John 226n23Judt Tony 166

KKafka Franz 216Kahan Commission 138Kanazi Remi 41Karameh Battle of 136Karenrsquos story 210Karon Tony 190 215 220Kasrils Ronnie 186 190Kathleenrsquos story 178 179Kearney Michael 172n96Kennedy John F 149 244Keret Etgar 151Kerry John 44 163 190Khalidi Walid 22n24Khartoum Declaration 19 135 151 159Kibbutz Megido 90King Martin Luther 75 231The Kingdom (film) 62kinship 56 57 68n36Knesset 131 132 140 183 188 218Kramer Martin 187 188Kristalnacht 185Ku Klux Klan 79kuffiyeh factory in Hebron 40Kuhn Thomas 49 132Kurds 65 235Kuwait 144 153 154 159Kweli Talib 62

Llabor

globalization and rights 223 224Jewish vs Palestinian 192 196

laicism 64Lajee Center 42 239Lajun (Palestinian village) 31 90land for peace 133The Land of Israel Past and Present

(Ben Gurion and Ben Zvi) 14Larsquoor Yitzak 61Laurens Henri 208Law and Governance Article 18A 132Law of Return 113 114 125n22 131

152

INDEX

291

The Law In These Parts 187League of Nations

failure to prevent war 51mandatory system 89 95Palestine Mandate 20 89

Lebanonagricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103Christian groups in 138in decolonization era 116 117Israeli invasion of 182Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 137 138 141 142political compromises in 182refugee camps in 9 118 121 137 138

141unrest in 154

legal and advocacy tools for change 238 239

Letters of Mutual Recognition 161 162Leunig Michael 3Levi Primo 185 216Leviev 240Levy Gideon 216Liberia 79 80 81Libya 154Lifta (village) 31 43Likud Party 60Little Town of Bethlehem (film) 231Lubavitcher Jews 77 78Lydda ethnic cleansing of 155 156 211

212

MMadrid Conference 153 159 160Maghreb 112 113Maghrebi neighborhood in East Jerusalem

133Magnes Judah 43 211Maher Bill 57Mahmoud (al Walajeh resident) 30 31Maimonides 214 216Mali 154Malthus Thomas 239Mamdani Mahmood 53 70n81

Mamilla Cemetery Jerusalem 61Mandate Palestine See British Mandatory

PalestineMandela Nelson 50 188 189Mandelbaum Gate 221Mansfield Michael 236 237Maquiladoras 224market systems global 222Marshall George C 103Marx Karl 73 77 216Massachusetts Bay Colony 78Massad Joseph 77Maureenrsquos story 220 224Mauritania 154 160Mavi Marmara (ship) 141 168mawat 134McCarthyism 78McMahon Henry 95media mainstream 4 28Mekorot 240Merchant of Venice (Shakespeare) 74 75Mexico 224Middle Ages 12 23n37militarism 182 223 224Mirarsquos story 216 217Misgav Uri 186Modirsquoin Illit settlement 157Molad 243monotheism 214 220 221Moroccan Quarter in East Jerusalem

133Morocco 154 160Morris Benny 22n24 107n75 186

209 211Motorola sanctions against 240Moving Towards Home (Jordan) 56mowing the lawn 153 168Moynihan Daniel Patrick 228n65Mubarak Hosni 141Multi-National Peacekeeping force

138multiculturalism 55 56 78 79Museum of Tolerance 61Museum on the Seam 221Muslim Brotherhood 156Muslims

Arab 58

INDEX

292

Islamic waqf of 8 18 52Jews and prior to Zionism 11 12

23n37Palestinian factions of 136population transfers 64world population of 10

Mussolini Benito 64My Promised Land (Shavit) 211

NNabi Saleh West Bank

Halamish settlement and 29protests and demonstrations in 183 239spring water access in 29 38 40 183tear gas canister garlands in 241Zionist observations of 212

Nablus West Bank 12 32 46 48n64 161Nader Ralph 5Nakba (the Catastrophe) See also War of

Independenceagreement of facts about 18 24 25n64

180beginning of 102 107n67end of 8 9Israeli school curriculum and 237Jaffa and 34 212Operation Dani in 155 156 170n43Palestinians displaced in 113 155 156

197Palestinians in Israel following 118 119planting over villages destroyed in 90soft Zionism and 211Soviet military aid to Israel during 115statistics on 22n23Zochrot and 43

Nakhleh Khalil 220Nasser Daoud 33Nasser Gamal Abdel 117 118 122ndash124

136Nasserism 97nation and nationalism 50 62ndash66

history of 64 65human rights violations and 64 65language and 65mediating institutions 63 70n76in Middle East 65modern nation states 63 70n74 76

Palestinians and 235prehistory to nationalism 70n80racialclassificationcomparedto64religion and 64Zionism and 235

Nation of Islam 77national identity 113 114National Priority Areas (NPA) 131Native Americans 58 68n44 227n39Nazis 185 186 210Negev Israel

Bedouins in 41 91human rights groups and 4Judaization of 16 41 91 131oil possibilities in 116Palestinian community in 28Peel Commission Report and 99refugees from 24n52

Negotiations Support Unit of PA 51neocolonialism 53 56Nestlersquos boycott against 240Netanyahu Benjamin

Abu Mazen and 151American-Israeli relations and 227n50Bar Ilan University speech and 163Oslo process and 161pacificationofPalestiniansand32post-post-Zionism and 21n21violence and 155

Neuhaus Richard John 70n76ldquonew Jewsrdquo 111 112 192New York Times 5 32NGOs See non-governmental organizations

(NGOs)Nicaragua 183Nilirsquoin (village) 40 183 239911 terrorist attacks 59 61 78 157 163972 Magazine 32Nixon Richard 138Nobel Peace Prize (1979) 140non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

Israeli 28 40 43Palestinian 40 47n35 199social justice and 222 223 229n74tools for change and 237 238

Nordau Max 88 195 196Noriega Manuel 183

INDEX

293

North Africa 112Northern Ireland 12Norway 240NPA (National Priority Areas) 131nuclear weapons 217 218 228n56Nueva Vida 229n75

oObama Barack 79observer entity Palestine as 139 167 181observer state Palestine as 19 165 167

181 218 219Occupation 129ndash144 See also Israeli set-

tlementsas apartheid (See apartheid)bilateral challenges and 179 180domestic challenges and 180effects on agriculture of Palestinians

142 146n81as elephant in the room 6establishment of 86in Israeli textbooks xvIsraelis opposed to 28 36 38 183 193

218Israelrsquos establishment of 130ndash135oppression of Palestinians and 12 15

16 27 28 46n2 90permitting processes in 198planning and implementation of 132

133resistance by Palestinians 5 135ndash138soft Zionism and 211superpowers and 134ndash136tragic spiral and 138ndash144as trap 7witnessing by American Jewish leaders

238Occupied Golan Heights See Golan HeightsOccupied Palestinian Territories See also

Gaza West Bankldquobreak their bonesrdquo Israeli conduct in

150 156containment within 33ndash39dangers to Israel in 183 217 218geographic divides and 154 155 158

191Israeli control of 20

Israelrsquos encouragement of settlements within 54

population in 9 10OCHA (UN Office for the Coordination of

Humanitarian Affairs) 43oil interests 59 115 116ldquooil shockrdquo 139Ojibwa people 227n39Okin Susan Muller 55 56Old New Land (Herzl) 196Old Testament 11ldquoolimrdquo 78Olim Berlin 78Olim Prague 78Olmert Ehud 45 187 190Olympics in Munich (1972) 137Oman 154 160Omar (film) 41one-state solution See also two-state solu-

tionalternatives to 70n87apartheid and 242civil rights struggle and 44 166 167

243increased interest in 66Transjordan option and 20

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 69n54 139

Open Hillels 44 239Operation Cast Lead

criticism of Israel and 182FreeGazaflotillaand168genocide comparisons 186ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163trip to PalestineIsrael during 71Zionist defense of 215

Operation Dani 155 156 170n43Operation Defensive Shield 151 182Operation Pillar of Defense 153 163 182Operation Protective Edge

anti-Semitism and 61BDS and sanctions and 165British support for Gaza in 219cause of 166FreeGazaflotillaand168

INDEX

294

Gaza as a woman and 57genocide comparisons 186Israeli militarism and 182ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163skepticism about 209US suspension of air travel during 239Zionist defense of 215

ldquoOreosrdquo 75Organization of Petroleum Exporting

Countries (OPEC) 69n54 139orientalism 58Orthodox Jews 32 47n40 48n64 77

78 100 101 113 See also ultra-Orthodox Jews

Oslo AccordsCamp David Summit and 162failure of 161 162 164Netanyahu and 161Palestinian acceptance of 19peace process and 155settlement expansion after 152Taba negotiations and 51two-state solution and 65 159 160 161water shortages and 161 164West Bank divisions and 10 104 161

164otherness embracing of 77ndash79Ottoman Empire

Arab revolt against 95 96dismemberment of lands of 94 95end of 76 91 92Herzl and 88land laws 134 141land records from 33ruling of land of IsraelPalestine 13 64Tanzimat reforms 93 94

Oz Amos 212

Ppacification 32 33 99 150Pakistan 64Palestine See also IsraelPalestine

Occupied Palestinian Territories Palestinians

as choice for Jewish homeland 80

Christian communities in 8competing claims on 8 13 52 65 232de-Arabization of 100 102 117history of 234Jewish communities in 8 12 92 96ldquoland without a peoplerdquo 207 225n4news coverage of 5as observer entity 139 167 181as observer state 19 165 167 181 218

219Peel Commission Report and 98 99in pre-state period 96ndash100UN designation of land for 8villages destroyed in 9 22n24 103Zionist immigration to 87 89 91 92

98 100Palestine Arab Congress 97Palestine Arab Delegation 85Palestine Fair Trade Association 40Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

commitments of declared by Arafat 162diverse factions of 136 137elections awaited by 199formation of 122 136as independent national authority 139

140 159Jordan and 136 137Lebanon and 137 138 141 142merging with Fatah 122 136national unity and 243Rabat Declaration and 158two-state solution and 65United States exclusion of 143 144

153 160weakening in Ramallah 158

Palestine National Congress (PNC) 143Palestine Office 91 92Palestine Peace not Apartheid (Carter) 189Palestine Strategy Study Group 243Palestine Zionist Executive 92Palestinian Authority

Adnanrsquos story and 51applications to ICC and ICJ 165 238establishment of 159 161national unity and 243Oslo agreements and 19 164Rome Statue of ICC and 167

INDEX

295

UN and 183 198 199Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) 156Palestinian Legislative Council 166 199

243Palestinian National Council 199 243Palestinian Rebellion 100Palestinian refugees

appropriation of land from 119discrimination against 131Jewish refugees compared to 113numbers of xviii xviii n14 24n52in refugee camps 9 10 104 118 121right of return xviii n14 15at time of Israeli state formation 103

Palestinian story 109 110Palestinian vs Israeli deaths 184Palestinians See also Palestine

in administrative detention 120child-naming practices 23n32Christian 8 9 33 97 183 218civilian casualties 55containment of 33ndash39creativity and resilience of 40ndash43as demographic threat 217 218Diaspora community of 104 239 241discrimination against 131 132distribution in IsraelPalestine 9educational attainment of xviii 28 40

46n6 72 238efforts to pacify 141 142elections held by 165 166expulsion of (See expulsion of

Palestinians)food shortages and 187 188 196General Strike by 98globalization and 223 224Hamas charter statements 18human rights violations by 54 55

67n24internal displacement of 9 24n52 34

90 103 118 119in Israel following Nakba 118 119as Israeli citizens 114 119 120

130ndash132 182 183 191Israeli state creation and 118ndash122killed and wounded in Gaza 32Kuwaitrsquos expulsion of 144

land captured from 92lobbying efforts to British 97as long term residents of IsraelPalestine

13media presentation of 28under military rule 119 120 130 132

191 197 198mob killings by 100 101Muslim 9 97 183national identity of 65 66 96 97 235need for national unity 243Occupation and (See under Occupation)pacificationof3233peace process and 154ndash158 164population of xvii xviii n13in pre-state period 89 96ndash102prohibited to live with spouses 31proverb 231refugees (See Palestinian refugees)as ldquoresidentsrdquo of East Jerusalem 130

133Resolution 242 and 135rock-throwing by children 5safety of 217 219self-determination pursuit by 16shared ancestry with Jews 14 15Six Day War and 124 130stereotypes of 5 7storyofdifficultiesinsharing4ndash6

PalTel 40pan-Arabism 97 117 123 136 235Panama 183Pappe Ilan 186 198Paradise Now (film) 41Paraguay 165particularism 212 213 214 217Partition Plan 102 115 116 141Patinkin Mandy 165Paulrsquos story 27 43peace camp 33 34peace process 149ndash168

changing boundaries and 104failure of 168firstIntifada and 155human rights and 164ndash168Israelis and 150ndash153 160 163 164Palestinians and 154ndash158 164

INDEX

296

superpowers and 153 154tragic spiral 155ndash164United States and 144 152

Peel Commission Report 65 98ndash100 197Peled-Elhanan Nurit xvPeled-Elhanan Smadar xvPeled Matti xvPeled Miko xvPeled Yoav xvpension funds and BDS 240permitting processes 198Peru 165Peterrsquos story 63PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of

Palestine) 136 156Philistines 13Picot Francois Georges 94PIJ (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) 156Pilgrims American 78pine trees planted in Palestine 90pink-washing 47n40Pinochet Augusto 214 215Pitersberg Gabriel 61Plan Dalet (Plan D) 102 103 107n75PLO See Palestine Liberation Organization

(PLO)PNC (Palestine National Congress) 143Poitier Sidney 81n10Poland 64political Islam

American race relations and 59Arab states and 244blacks as superpatriots and 62otherness and 78Palestinianflirtationwith16235pan-Arab unity and 97

politicide 199polytheism 214Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

(PFLP) 136 156population transfers 16 20 54 64 99 197post-post-Zionism 21 22n21post-Zionism 21n21Powell Colin 62pre-state period in history of Zionism

great powers in 93ndash96Palestinians in 96ndash100

tragic spiral 100ndash105Zionists in 87ndash93

present absentees 118 119price tag attacks 32Prince Stephen 177prophetic vs Constantinian Judaism 227n45protection gap 121Proust Marcel 216psychological warfare 188Ptolemy 49

QQalandiya checkpoint 149 235 236Qalqilya West Bank 161Qatar 160Qibya West Bank 117Quakers 240Qurrsquoan 11Quran Fadi 40

RR2P (Responsibility to Protect) 53Rabat Declaration 139 140 159Rabin Yitzhak 155 156 161 162 170n43race 50 56ndash62

anti-Arab racism 59ndash62 196 197blacks as superpatriots 62invidious nature of distinctions 58power and 58 59relations in the United States 59scientificdefinitionof5862as social construction 58 190

racial privilege 58 59racism 59ndash62 181 190 196 197 218Rakeek Mariam Abu 28Ramallah West Bank 28 161 183 241Ramle ethnic cleansing of 155 156Ras a-Tire (village) 157Rashomon effect 177Ravitch Diane 212Rawabi West Bank 223realpolitik 6 233Reconstruction failure of 79Red Scare 78Reel Bad Arabs (documentary) 5reform 75ndash77 81nn9amp10Reformation 87

INDEX

297

refugee campsexpelled Palestinians in 9 10 104 118

121numbers in 24n52rationing of water and electricity to 191in surrounding countries 9 10 24n52

104 118 121 141in West Bank and Gaza 9 24n52 118

Refugee Convention of 1951 121 122Refugee Protocol (1967) 121 122regional power struggles 179religion

human rights and 52 53nationalism and 64

resistance as a tool for change 239Responsibility to Protect (R2P) 53Ricardo David 239Rice Condoleezza 62Richardrsquos story 3 4Rihanna 165Riwaq 40Road Map 163Romania 182Romanov empire 64Rome Statute of ICC 167Roots (TV mini-series) 80Rose Tricia 82n19Ruffalo Mark 165Ruppin Arthur 195 196Russell Tribunal 190 236Russia

alliance with Egypt 137ndash139Cold War and 115global economy and 59Herzl and 88Jewish immigrants from 152 160peace process and 159 160recognition of Israel 116Six Day War and 123 124Sykes-Picot Agreement and 94 95WWI and 88 89

Al Ruwwad Childrenrsquos Dance Theater 42

Sal Sabawi Khaled 42Sabeel 186Sabra 111

Sabra refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Sadat Anwar 140 244safety promise of 216ndash219Said Edward 164ndash166Said-Foqahaa Nader 129 130Salaita Steven 242Samaritans 12 46 48n64Samuel Herbert 88Santayana George 234ldquoSaturday Night Massacrerdquo 138Saudi Arabia 103 116 154 179school bus crash 18secessionist movements 64second (Al Aqsa) Intifada See Intifada

secondsecular humanism 220 221 See also

universalismuniversal humanismSegev Tom 15 111 216self-ghettoization Zionism as 212ndash216separation barrier Israeli

around homes 39attempts to breach 192containment and 33ICJ on 157 218national security as rationale for 156

179Palestinian labor exclusion and 192protests and 40roboticization of 242suicide bombings and 156 171n54

September 11 terrorist attacks See 911 terrorist attacks

service work as a tool for change 239settler only roads 134 191Shaftsbury Earl of 225n4Shah of Iran 141 159Shahian Abdel Aziz 25n74Shakespeare William 74 75Shamir Yitzhak 194Shamir Yoav 181Shapira Anita 24n54 101 107n63Shapira Yonatan 57 231Sharon Ariel

counter-proposal to two-state solution 143

election of 163

INDEX

298

Gazan resistance and 158massacre in Qibya and 117pacificationofWestBankand141refugee camp massacres and 138second Intifada and 157settlement building and 134war on Arab terror and 61

Shatila refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Shavit Ari 101 105n6 180 211 212Sheikh Jerrah East Jerusalem 38 39Shepherd Matthew 210Sherwood Harriet 22 23n26 225n14Shlaim Avi 99Shula Alonirsquos story 189shuttle diplomacy 163Shylock (in Merchant of Venice) 74 75Siegman Henry 218 219Sierra Leone 79Simon Wiesenthal Center 61Sinai Peninsula 134 135 138 139 140Six Day War (1967)

as ldquodefensive warrdquo 123 133expulsions during 197Israeli control of historic Palestine and

9 15 45 124 130 182situation leading to 122ndash124

slavery 5 58 73 76 79Slovak Republic 64Smith Adam 239Smith Charles D 137Sneh Ephraim 180 181 227n50social media positive effects of 222 See

also Facebook postssocialism 76 77 101 110sociocide as term xv 198 199 236 See

also ethnic cleansingsociocidesoft Zionism 211 226n23Somoza Anastasio 183South Africa apartheid system in 12 45

153 186 188ndash193 233 234Soviet Union

Cold War and 114 115 117 118 152collapse of 61 144 152invasion of Hungary 118 124Jews from 92Occupation and resistance and 134

peace process and 159 160spaciocide 199Spain 64 65 159 160 240sperm smuggling 242Spielberg Steven 79Spinoza Baruch 73 216starvation 187 188 196State of Emergency 119 130State Stamp Law (1949) 132Straights of Tiran 123 140Straw Jack 96Streisand Barbara 79The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

(Kuhn) 132Sudan 154Suez Canal 118 123 140 182Suez Crisis xvisuicide bombings xv 55 156 192summer circus camp 42sumud 16supermarket chains and BDS 240superpowers

in ancient IsraelPalestine 13ascollectiveactorinconflict10ndash13in decolonization era 114ndash118misuse of human rights doctrines 53 56Occupation and resistance and 134ndash136peace process and 153 154in pre-state period 93ndash96recent domination in Palestine 13 16two-state solution and 151

Sykes Mark 94Sykes-Picot agreement 88 94ndash97Syria

agricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103civil war in 182claim on Golan Heights 9 23n26 152conflictin18current 141in decolonization era 116 117Egyptrsquos rivalry with 122Fatah support by 122Madrid Conference and 160Palestine imagined as province of 97refugee camps in 9 10 118 121

INDEX

299

refugees from 182Resolution 242 and 139 140Six Day War and 123 124support of Palestinian factions by 122

136unrest in 154Yom Kippur War and 138

TTaba Talks of 2001 162 163Tacitus 149Tahrir Square 222Tamimi Bassem 207 219Tamimi Bilal and Manal 38Tamimi Mostafa 38Tanzimat reforms 93ldquoTaxirdquo (Hammad) 56Taybeh Beer Brewery 40Teach for America 60Tel Aviv boardwalk 35Tel Aviv Israel 43 112 156 193 239Ten Point Program 146n71Tent of Nations 33 34Tessler Mark 17Thant U 123three-family story 194 195Three Norsquos of Khartoum 19 135Thucydides 129Transjordan option 20 25n75transnational market forces 6tribalism 213 214 217Truman Doctrine 115Truman Harry 115 116truth and reconciliation commissions 6Tulkarem West Bank 161 241Tunis Tunisia 143 155Tunisia

Arab Spring in 154Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 138 142 154 155

TurkeyArab Jews in 112aspirations of 179FreeGazaflotillaand168173n117ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140Israeli alliance with 117 141

population transfers and 64Turks See Ottoman EmpireTutu Desmond 3 189 19024 (TV show) 62two-state solution See also one-state

solutionalternatives to 70n87 166apartheid and 190failure of 66First Intifada and 143great powers and 151Green Line and 8 9 19 43human rights standards and 10Israeli settlements and 133 134land division and 43national liberation struggle and 243origins and resurfacing of 65Rabat Declaration and 159Resolution 181 and 235

Tzabar Shimon 129

UUAR (United Arab Republic) 118 122 123UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human

Rights) 50ndash52 56Uganda 8 14 80 87Ukraine 64 92Ulpan plan 92Ulrichrsquos story 185ultra-Orthodox Jews 31 35 77 78 101

See also Orthodox JewsUm al Fahm Israel 194 195Um Kammal 38 39UN Human Rights Commission 61UN Conciliation Commission on Palestine

(UNCCP) 121 122UN General Assembly

admission of PLO 139 167on Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54recognition of Palestine as observer

state 218 219Resolution 181 8 65 101 115

135 235UN High Commissioner for Refugees

(UNHCR) 121 122UN Human Rights Council 181

INDEX

300

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) 43

UN Relief Works Agency (UNRWA) xviii n14 22n23 121 122

UN Security Councilon Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54Resolution 242 134 135 162Resolution 338 162

UNESCO 167 181United Arab Emirates 65United Arab Republic (UAR) 118 122 123United Kingdom 64 65United Nations

at Madrid Conference 160Palestinian Authority and 199partitioning of historic Palestine 8 101

121protocols for protecting refugees 121refugee camps 104Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(UDHR) 50upgrading of Palestinersquos status 181 182Zionism and 214

United StatesAmerican Indians in 58 68n44anti-Arab anti-Muslim prejudice in

59ndash62Arab world awareness in 209Arafat and PLO rejected by 143 144

153 160arms delivery delays by 239BDS precedents in 240Bill of Rights 51blacks as superpatriots in 62blindness and deafness in 236Cold War and 115 117 118 124 139

152colonies in 219Declaration of Independence 68n44Egypt rejected by 117 118GI Bill of Rights 58grassroots social movements in 222Great Society project 228n65human rights standards ignored by 241Immigration and Nationality Act of

1965 58

importanceinconflict243244Israel as liability to 182Israeli-American alliance 116 138 139

152 153 217 227n50Israelrsquos special relationship with 98Jewish community in 44 80 89 91

114 116military aid to Egypt 140Occupation and resistance and 134occupation of Germany 132operations in IsraelPalestine 13 16Palestinian Authority and 161Palestinian elections and 166peace process and 144 152 153

158ndash160race riot responses in 150restrictive immigration policies 111Six Day War and 124suspension of air travel to Tel Aviv 239

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 50ndash52 56

universal jurisdiction 214 215universalismuniversal humanism 46 214

217universities and BDS 240university campuses prejudice on 59 60Uris Leon 208Uruguay 165US State Department 32USAID 229n74Use of Hebrew Date Law (1998) 132Ussishkin Menachem 195 196

VVenezuela 165Veolia 240Verwoerd Hendrik 189veteranrsquos preference 131Vietnam French in 219Vietnam War 134Vietnamese Liberation Front 124vigilantism 32 241 245n30village leagues 141violence

ahistorical presentation of 5resistance and 183state-sponsored 222

INDEX

301

vigilante 32voter suppression 76 82n13

WWadi al Narsquoam Israel 42Wadi Rasha (village) 157Wailing (Western) Wall in Old City 100

112al Walajeh (village) 30 31 133Waltz with Bashir (film) 219Wannsee Conference 187waqf Islamic 8 18 52War of Independence 8 9 103 111 115

116 182 See also Nakba (the Catastrophe)

water shortages 161 164Watergate scandal 138Waxmann Rivka and Haim 109ldquoWe Killed Jesus Wersquore Proud of Itrdquo

(YouTube video) 18Weber Max 49 81n6Weissglass Dov 158 159 187Weizmann Chaim 88 195 196West Bank

division into areas 10 104 161 164efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143efforts to pacify 141firstIntifada and 154 155free trade zones in 224Israeli control of 139 140 150Jewish settlements in 22 23n26 29

133 134 152Jordanian control of 8 9 104 117 118

135 137negotiations and 153new city in 224Palestinian population in 9refugee camps in 9 118Samaritans in 12 46 48n64separation barrier appropriation of land

in 156two-state solution and 159vigilante violence in 32

West Beirut Lebanon 138Western Sahara 154

White Paper of 1921 98 99White Paper of 1939 100 111Who Profits 28 43 239 242Wilson Woodrow 89witchcraft accusations of Pilgrims 78Wolfe Alan 214womenrsquos movement American 222World Trade Organization (WTO) 59 179

222World War I 88 89 94World War II

American occupation of Germany after 132

Great Britain and 104human rights framework and 51 53racial disadvantage after 74reduced to Holocaust 61Zionism and 8 100 101 111

World Zionist Organization (WZO) 87ndash89 234

WTO (the World Trade Organization) 59 179 222

Wye River memorandum 162WZO (World Zionist Organization) 87ndash89

234

YYad Larsquoachim 245n30Yasminersquos story 71 72Yehoshua AB 215Yemen 112 154Yiftachel Oren 243Yishuv 91 100 101 197Yitzachi Aryeh 109Yom Kippur War (1973) 69n54 138 139

182 231 232Young Cynthia 62Yugoslavia 64Yurirsquos story 57Yuvalrsquos story 231 232

ZZangwill Israel 195 196 207 225n4Zapatistas 222Zeidan Mohammad 131Ziadeh Rafif 41

INDEX

302

Zionism 71ndash82 207ndash224 See also pre-state period in history of Zionism Zionists

claim to ownership of IsraelPalestine 13 65 66

as colonization 178contradictions of 195ndash197criticism of 209ethnic cleansing and 196 208ndash212fear of assimilation and 87genocide framework and 186 187global empires and 64globalization and 220ndash224history of 7 8 234 235Holocaust and 8 73 100 101 208ndash211human rights violations and 7inversion of 78ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140 141Israeli-Palestinianconflictand12ndash16

23n38 72 73Jewish homeland vs Jewish state and 7

43 44Jewish identity and 215 216Jewish-Muslim relations prior to 11 12

23n37as Jewish nationalism 235nationalist movement of 66ldquonew Jewsrdquo and 111 112origins of 87

as Palestinian disaster 211parallels to back-to-Africa movement

80 81pioneering mentality 7 21n21psychology of 101rejection of 212 213safety and 216ndash219as self-ghettoization 212ndash216shared ancestry with Palestinians and

14 15Six Day War and 124socialist labor variant of 101universal vs particular in 214 215use of force and 15 24n54

Zionist Commission for Palestine 91 92Zionist Congress eighth (1907) 196Zionist Congress fifth (1901) 89Zionist Congress first (1897) 87 88 196Zionist Organization 87ndash89 91 92 97Zionists See also Zionism

Christian 12 208 225n7expulsion of Palestinians by (See

expulsion of Palestinians)Partition Plan and 102in pre-state period 87ndash93 98 102ldquosoftrdquo 211 226n23in United States 208 225n7

Zochrot (Remembrance) 28 43 237 242Zonszein Mairav 245n30

• REFERENCES
• INDEX

INDEX

288

citizenship vs nationality 113 114 131control of historic Palestine 9 10 15

16 20democracy claims of 182 183domestic challenges of 180 182 183Egypt invaded by 118 182estimates of Palestinian refugee numbers

by 22n23food shortages and 187 188global challenges for 181 182globalization and 223 224Hamas and 156 183 187 188human rights standards and 242 243human rights violations by 53ndash55

67n24immigration of Arab Jews 112 113invasion by Arab armies 103Iranrsquos alliance with 117 141Jewish identity and 215Jewish immigrants to 34 131 149 152

153Jewish population of xvii xviii n12language struggles in 65militarism 182 223 224military rule of Palestinians 119 120

130 132 191 197 198national framework creation 110ndash114Nazi Germany comparisons 186 188nuclear weapons in 218Occupation by and resistance to 130ndash

134 183occupation of Golan Heights 23n26Occupied Territories and danger to 183

217 218one-state solution and 167operations against Palestinians 182Oslo Accords and 161 164Palestinian citizens of 114 119 120Palestinian elections and 166Palestinian land appropriated by 119peace process and 150ndash153 160 163

164peace treaty with Egypt 140 141peace treaty with Jordan 141PLO recognition by 162price tag attacks in 32

public sector employment discrimination in 132

raids on West Bank and Gaza 117regional challenges of 179 182religious disputes among Jews in 65Russia and 115 116safety in 217ndash219Six Day War and 122ndash124 130 182social services discrimination in 131

132special relationship with Great Britain

and US 98state creation 8 18 86 103 111State of Emergency declared by 119

130tourism 81Turkeyrsquos alliance with 117 141two-state solution and 167victimization emphasis of 73Yom Kippur War and 138ndash140 182young Jews leaving 78

Israel Day Parade 44IsraelPalestine

ancient groups dominating 13 23n39apartheid in (See apartheid)background information 7ndash10complexity of issues in 5 6division of land in 8emigration from 192 203n81 1963findingthetippingpointin241ndash244history of 86human rights issues in (See human

rights)indigenous populations of 14 15Israeli control of 9ndash10 15 16 20 197lessons from the past and 234ndash237media depiction of violence in 5Palestinian population in 9peace process in (See peace process)residents of 9 10search for just peace in 4 6 12size of 8 22n22tools for change in 165 237ndash241

Israeli Apartheid Weeks 239Israeli-Arab wars 113Israeli Defense Forces (IDF)

INDEX

289

Aida refugee camp and 192creation of 92Disengagement Plan and 158expulsion of Palestinians by 8 22n23Jewish immigrants and 34 149killing of Palestinians by 155Operation Protective Edge and 32vandalization of jeep of 44vigilantism and 245n30

Israeli graduate studentrsquos story 184Israeli High Court 157Israeli self-defense as framework 178ndash184

199Israeli settlements

containment and 33danger to settlers in 183 184expansion of 152 182 197 211

225n14 226n17following Six Day War 133 134as human rights violation 53 54labeling of products from 181media coverage of 5numbers of Jews living in 9population of 22 23n26 209 225n14as strategy to control Palestinians 29 30vigilante violence and 32 39

Israeli state early national periodIsraelis during 110ndash114Palestinians during 118ndash122superpowers 114ndash118tragic spiral 122ndash124

Israeli story 109Israeli Supreme Court 31 46nn9amp10 131

191Israeli vs Palestinian deaths 184Israelis See also Israel

blindness of 218 219 236opposed to Occupation 28 36 38 183

193 218self-interest and 243

Israelites 13 14 23n39Italy 64Itamar settlement 183

JJA (Jewish Agency) 87 92 102 234Jabalya refugee camp 142

Jabotinsky Vladimir 140 141 178 181 195 196

Jackson Jesse 60ldquoJaeckesrdquo 75Jaffa Israel 34 35 212Jaffa Muslim-Christian Council 18Jefferson Thomas 68n44Jenin West Bank 161Jericho West Bank 161Jerusalem See also East Jerusalem

Arab Quarter of Old City 71 72binational 243negotiations and 153seam line within 221settler neighborhoods in 134al Walajeh 30 31 133

Jerusalem-Bethlehem corridor 101Jewish Agency (JA) 87 92 102 234Jewish identity 215 216Jewish National Fund (JNF)

fundraising by 89 98 234Jewish Agency and 92Jewish nationality and 114 125n22Judaization and 91land management by 90 91land purchases by 89 94Zionism in the pre-state period and 87

89ndash92Jewish self-defense 177 178 See also

Israeli self-defenseJewish state vs Jewish homeland 7 43 44Jewish Voices for Peace 242Jews See also Israeli settlements Orthodox

Jews ultra-Orthodox Jews Zionism Zionists

admiration for 61American (See American Jews)Arab 59 92 111ndash113assimilation and 74 75 87 101Christians and in pre-modern era 11

12 23n37communities of in Palestine 8 12confrontation and 77 78Ethiopian 92European 73 76 77 80 111ndash113

124German 75 89

INDEX

290

immigrants to Israel 34 131 149 152 153 160

Israeli national rights for 113 114Muslims and prior to Zionism 11 12

23n37new 111 112 192Palestinian 8 12 92 96parallels to African American

experience 62 73ndash76population in Israel xvii xviii n12Promised Land of 8 52reform and 76Russian 152 160shared ancestry with Palestinians 14 15socialism and 76 77Soviet and post-Soviet 92turning on other Jews 44universalism and 46 214world population of 10

Jimmy Carter Center 166JNF See Jewish National Fund (JNF)Johnson Lyndon 124Jordan

Arab Jews in 112army invasion of Israel 103control of West Bank 8 9 104 117

118 135 137in decolonization era 116 117Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104peace treaty with Israel (1994) 141PLO in 136 137refugee camps in 9 10 118 121 137refugeeinfluxto182Six Day War and 123 124Transjordan option and 20 29unrest in 154

Jordan June 56Jordan River and Valley 123 134

241 242Judaism

Constantinian vs prophetic 227n45Herzl and 215 218self-ghettoization and 215 216survival of 220 221

Judaization of the land 11 15 16 42 60 91 131

Judis John 226n23Judt Tony 166

KKafka Franz 216Kahan Commission 138Kanazi Remi 41Karameh Battle of 136Karenrsquos story 210Karon Tony 190 215 220Kasrils Ronnie 186 190Kathleenrsquos story 178 179Kearney Michael 172n96Kennedy John F 149 244Keret Etgar 151Kerry John 44 163 190Khalidi Walid 22n24Khartoum Declaration 19 135 151 159Kibbutz Megido 90King Martin Luther 75 231The Kingdom (film) 62kinship 56 57 68n36Knesset 131 132 140 183 188 218Kramer Martin 187 188Kristalnacht 185Ku Klux Klan 79kuffiyeh factory in Hebron 40Kuhn Thomas 49 132Kurds 65 235Kuwait 144 153 154 159Kweli Talib 62

Llabor

globalization and rights 223 224Jewish vs Palestinian 192 196

laicism 64Lajee Center 42 239Lajun (Palestinian village) 31 90land for peace 133The Land of Israel Past and Present

(Ben Gurion and Ben Zvi) 14Larsquoor Yitzak 61Laurens Henri 208Law and Governance Article 18A 132Law of Return 113 114 125n22 131

152

INDEX

291

The Law In These Parts 187League of Nations

failure to prevent war 51mandatory system 89 95Palestine Mandate 20 89

Lebanonagricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103Christian groups in 138in decolonization era 116 117Israeli invasion of 182Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 137 138 141 142political compromises in 182refugee camps in 9 118 121 137 138

141unrest in 154

legal and advocacy tools for change 238 239

Letters of Mutual Recognition 161 162Leunig Michael 3Levi Primo 185 216Leviev 240Levy Gideon 216Liberia 79 80 81Libya 154Lifta (village) 31 43Likud Party 60Little Town of Bethlehem (film) 231Lubavitcher Jews 77 78Lydda ethnic cleansing of 155 156 211

212

MMadrid Conference 153 159 160Maghreb 112 113Maghrebi neighborhood in East Jerusalem

133Magnes Judah 43 211Maher Bill 57Mahmoud (al Walajeh resident) 30 31Maimonides 214 216Mali 154Malthus Thomas 239Mamdani Mahmood 53 70n81

Mamilla Cemetery Jerusalem 61Mandate Palestine See British Mandatory

PalestineMandela Nelson 50 188 189Mandelbaum Gate 221Mansfield Michael 236 237Maquiladoras 224market systems global 222Marshall George C 103Marx Karl 73 77 216Massachusetts Bay Colony 78Massad Joseph 77Maureenrsquos story 220 224Mauritania 154 160Mavi Marmara (ship) 141 168mawat 134McCarthyism 78McMahon Henry 95media mainstream 4 28Mekorot 240Merchant of Venice (Shakespeare) 74 75Mexico 224Middle Ages 12 23n37militarism 182 223 224Mirarsquos story 216 217Misgav Uri 186Modirsquoin Illit settlement 157Molad 243monotheism 214 220 221Moroccan Quarter in East Jerusalem

133Morocco 154 160Morris Benny 22n24 107n75 186

209 211Motorola sanctions against 240Moving Towards Home (Jordan) 56mowing the lawn 153 168Moynihan Daniel Patrick 228n65Mubarak Hosni 141Multi-National Peacekeeping force

138multiculturalism 55 56 78 79Museum of Tolerance 61Museum on the Seam 221Muslim Brotherhood 156Muslims

Arab 58

INDEX

292

Islamic waqf of 8 18 52Jews and prior to Zionism 11 12

23n37Palestinian factions of 136population transfers 64world population of 10

Mussolini Benito 64My Promised Land (Shavit) 211

NNabi Saleh West Bank

Halamish settlement and 29protests and demonstrations in 183 239spring water access in 29 38 40 183tear gas canister garlands in 241Zionist observations of 212

Nablus West Bank 12 32 46 48n64 161Nader Ralph 5Nakba (the Catastrophe) See also War of

Independenceagreement of facts about 18 24 25n64

180beginning of 102 107n67end of 8 9Israeli school curriculum and 237Jaffa and 34 212Operation Dani in 155 156 170n43Palestinians displaced in 113 155 156

197Palestinians in Israel following 118 119planting over villages destroyed in 90soft Zionism and 211Soviet military aid to Israel during 115statistics on 22n23Zochrot and 43

Nakhleh Khalil 220Nasser Daoud 33Nasser Gamal Abdel 117 118 122ndash124

136Nasserism 97nation and nationalism 50 62ndash66

history of 64 65human rights violations and 64 65language and 65mediating institutions 63 70n76in Middle East 65modern nation states 63 70n74 76

Palestinians and 235prehistory to nationalism 70n80racialclassificationcomparedto64religion and 64Zionism and 235

Nation of Islam 77national identity 113 114National Priority Areas (NPA) 131Native Americans 58 68n44 227n39Nazis 185 186 210Negev Israel

Bedouins in 41 91human rights groups and 4Judaization of 16 41 91 131oil possibilities in 116Palestinian community in 28Peel Commission Report and 99refugees from 24n52

Negotiations Support Unit of PA 51neocolonialism 53 56Nestlersquos boycott against 240Netanyahu Benjamin

Abu Mazen and 151American-Israeli relations and 227n50Bar Ilan University speech and 163Oslo process and 161pacificationofPalestiniansand32post-post-Zionism and 21n21violence and 155

Neuhaus Richard John 70n76ldquonew Jewsrdquo 111 112 192New York Times 5 32NGOs See non-governmental organizations

(NGOs)Nicaragua 183Nilirsquoin (village) 40 183 239911 terrorist attacks 59 61 78 157 163972 Magazine 32Nixon Richard 138Nobel Peace Prize (1979) 140non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

Israeli 28 40 43Palestinian 40 47n35 199social justice and 222 223 229n74tools for change and 237 238

Nordau Max 88 195 196Noriega Manuel 183

INDEX

293

North Africa 112Northern Ireland 12Norway 240NPA (National Priority Areas) 131nuclear weapons 217 218 228n56Nueva Vida 229n75

oObama Barack 79observer entity Palestine as 139 167 181observer state Palestine as 19 165 167

181 218 219Occupation 129ndash144 See also Israeli set-

tlementsas apartheid (See apartheid)bilateral challenges and 179 180domestic challenges and 180effects on agriculture of Palestinians

142 146n81as elephant in the room 6establishment of 86in Israeli textbooks xvIsraelis opposed to 28 36 38 183 193

218Israelrsquos establishment of 130ndash135oppression of Palestinians and 12 15

16 27 28 46n2 90permitting processes in 198planning and implementation of 132

133resistance by Palestinians 5 135ndash138soft Zionism and 211superpowers and 134ndash136tragic spiral and 138ndash144as trap 7witnessing by American Jewish leaders

238Occupied Golan Heights See Golan HeightsOccupied Palestinian Territories See also

Gaza West Bankldquobreak their bonesrdquo Israeli conduct in

150 156containment within 33ndash39dangers to Israel in 183 217 218geographic divides and 154 155 158

191Israeli control of 20

Israelrsquos encouragement of settlements within 54

population in 9 10OCHA (UN Office for the Coordination of

Humanitarian Affairs) 43oil interests 59 115 116ldquooil shockrdquo 139Ojibwa people 227n39Okin Susan Muller 55 56Old New Land (Herzl) 196Old Testament 11ldquoolimrdquo 78Olim Berlin 78Olim Prague 78Olmert Ehud 45 187 190Olympics in Munich (1972) 137Oman 154 160Omar (film) 41one-state solution See also two-state solu-

tionalternatives to 70n87apartheid and 242civil rights struggle and 44 166 167

243increased interest in 66Transjordan option and 20

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 69n54 139

Open Hillels 44 239Operation Cast Lead

criticism of Israel and 182FreeGazaflotillaand168genocide comparisons 186ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163trip to PalestineIsrael during 71Zionist defense of 215

Operation Dani 155 156 170n43Operation Defensive Shield 151 182Operation Pillar of Defense 153 163 182Operation Protective Edge

anti-Semitism and 61BDS and sanctions and 165British support for Gaza in 219cause of 166FreeGazaflotillaand168

INDEX

294

Gaza as a woman and 57genocide comparisons 186Israeli militarism and 182ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163skepticism about 209US suspension of air travel during 239Zionist defense of 215

ldquoOreosrdquo 75Organization of Petroleum Exporting

Countries (OPEC) 69n54 139orientalism 58Orthodox Jews 32 47n40 48n64 77

78 100 101 113 See also ultra-Orthodox Jews

Oslo AccordsCamp David Summit and 162failure of 161 162 164Netanyahu and 161Palestinian acceptance of 19peace process and 155settlement expansion after 152Taba negotiations and 51two-state solution and 65 159 160 161water shortages and 161 164West Bank divisions and 10 104 161

164otherness embracing of 77ndash79Ottoman Empire

Arab revolt against 95 96dismemberment of lands of 94 95end of 76 91 92Herzl and 88land laws 134 141land records from 33ruling of land of IsraelPalestine 13 64Tanzimat reforms 93 94

Oz Amos 212

Ppacification 32 33 99 150Pakistan 64Palestine See also IsraelPalestine

Occupied Palestinian Territories Palestinians

as choice for Jewish homeland 80

Christian communities in 8competing claims on 8 13 52 65 232de-Arabization of 100 102 117history of 234Jewish communities in 8 12 92 96ldquoland without a peoplerdquo 207 225n4news coverage of 5as observer entity 139 167 181as observer state 19 165 167 181 218

219Peel Commission Report and 98 99in pre-state period 96ndash100UN designation of land for 8villages destroyed in 9 22n24 103Zionist immigration to 87 89 91 92

98 100Palestine Arab Congress 97Palestine Arab Delegation 85Palestine Fair Trade Association 40Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

commitments of declared by Arafat 162diverse factions of 136 137elections awaited by 199formation of 122 136as independent national authority 139

140 159Jordan and 136 137Lebanon and 137 138 141 142merging with Fatah 122 136national unity and 243Rabat Declaration and 158two-state solution and 65United States exclusion of 143 144

153 160weakening in Ramallah 158

Palestine National Congress (PNC) 143Palestine Office 91 92Palestine Peace not Apartheid (Carter) 189Palestine Strategy Study Group 243Palestine Zionist Executive 92Palestinian Authority

Adnanrsquos story and 51applications to ICC and ICJ 165 238establishment of 159 161national unity and 243Oslo agreements and 19 164Rome Statue of ICC and 167

INDEX

295

UN and 183 198 199Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) 156Palestinian Legislative Council 166 199

243Palestinian National Council 199 243Palestinian Rebellion 100Palestinian refugees

appropriation of land from 119discrimination against 131Jewish refugees compared to 113numbers of xviii xviii n14 24n52in refugee camps 9 10 104 118 121right of return xviii n14 15at time of Israeli state formation 103

Palestinian story 109 110Palestinian vs Israeli deaths 184Palestinians See also Palestine

in administrative detention 120child-naming practices 23n32Christian 8 9 33 97 183 218civilian casualties 55containment of 33ndash39creativity and resilience of 40ndash43as demographic threat 217 218Diaspora community of 104 239 241discrimination against 131 132distribution in IsraelPalestine 9educational attainment of xviii 28 40

46n6 72 238efforts to pacify 141 142elections held by 165 166expulsion of (See expulsion of

Palestinians)food shortages and 187 188 196General Strike by 98globalization and 223 224Hamas charter statements 18human rights violations by 54 55

67n24internal displacement of 9 24n52 34

90 103 118 119in Israel following Nakba 118 119as Israeli citizens 114 119 120

130ndash132 182 183 191Israeli state creation and 118ndash122killed and wounded in Gaza 32Kuwaitrsquos expulsion of 144

land captured from 92lobbying efforts to British 97as long term residents of IsraelPalestine

13media presentation of 28under military rule 119 120 130 132

191 197 198mob killings by 100 101Muslim 9 97 183national identity of 65 66 96 97 235need for national unity 243Occupation and (See under Occupation)pacificationof3233peace process and 154ndash158 164population of xvii xviii n13in pre-state period 89 96ndash102prohibited to live with spouses 31proverb 231refugees (See Palestinian refugees)as ldquoresidentsrdquo of East Jerusalem 130

133Resolution 242 and 135rock-throwing by children 5safety of 217 219self-determination pursuit by 16shared ancestry with Jews 14 15Six Day War and 124 130stereotypes of 5 7storyofdifficultiesinsharing4ndash6

PalTel 40pan-Arabism 97 117 123 136 235Panama 183Pappe Ilan 186 198Paradise Now (film) 41Paraguay 165particularism 212 213 214 217Partition Plan 102 115 116 141Patinkin Mandy 165Paulrsquos story 27 43peace camp 33 34peace process 149ndash168

changing boundaries and 104failure of 168firstIntifada and 155human rights and 164ndash168Israelis and 150ndash153 160 163 164Palestinians and 154ndash158 164

INDEX

296

superpowers and 153 154tragic spiral 155ndash164United States and 144 152

Peel Commission Report 65 98ndash100 197Peled-Elhanan Nurit xvPeled-Elhanan Smadar xvPeled Matti xvPeled Miko xvPeled Yoav xvpension funds and BDS 240permitting processes 198Peru 165Peterrsquos story 63PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of

Palestine) 136 156Philistines 13Picot Francois Georges 94PIJ (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) 156Pilgrims American 78pine trees planted in Palestine 90pink-washing 47n40Pinochet Augusto 214 215Pitersberg Gabriel 61Plan Dalet (Plan D) 102 103 107n75PLO See Palestine Liberation Organization

(PLO)PNC (Palestine National Congress) 143Poitier Sidney 81n10Poland 64political Islam

American race relations and 59Arab states and 244blacks as superpatriots and 62otherness and 78Palestinianflirtationwith16235pan-Arab unity and 97

politicide 199polytheism 214Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

(PFLP) 136 156population transfers 16 20 54 64 99 197post-post-Zionism 21 22n21post-Zionism 21n21Powell Colin 62pre-state period in history of Zionism

great powers in 93ndash96Palestinians in 96ndash100

tragic spiral 100ndash105Zionists in 87ndash93

present absentees 118 119price tag attacks 32Prince Stephen 177prophetic vs Constantinian Judaism 227n45protection gap 121Proust Marcel 216psychological warfare 188Ptolemy 49

QQalandiya checkpoint 149 235 236Qalqilya West Bank 161Qatar 160Qibya West Bank 117Quakers 240Qurrsquoan 11Quran Fadi 40

RR2P (Responsibility to Protect) 53Rabat Declaration 139 140 159Rabin Yitzhak 155 156 161 162 170n43race 50 56ndash62

anti-Arab racism 59ndash62 196 197blacks as superpatriots 62invidious nature of distinctions 58power and 58 59relations in the United States 59scientificdefinitionof5862as social construction 58 190

racial privilege 58 59racism 59ndash62 181 190 196 197 218Rakeek Mariam Abu 28Ramallah West Bank 28 161 183 241Ramle ethnic cleansing of 155 156Ras a-Tire (village) 157Rashomon effect 177Ravitch Diane 212Rawabi West Bank 223realpolitik 6 233Reconstruction failure of 79Red Scare 78Reel Bad Arabs (documentary) 5reform 75ndash77 81nn9amp10Reformation 87

INDEX

297

refugee campsexpelled Palestinians in 9 10 104 118

121numbers in 24n52rationing of water and electricity to 191in surrounding countries 9 10 24n52

104 118 121 141in West Bank and Gaza 9 24n52 118

Refugee Convention of 1951 121 122Refugee Protocol (1967) 121 122regional power struggles 179religion

human rights and 52 53nationalism and 64

resistance as a tool for change 239Responsibility to Protect (R2P) 53Ricardo David 239Rice Condoleezza 62Richardrsquos story 3 4Rihanna 165Riwaq 40Road Map 163Romania 182Romanov empire 64Rome Statute of ICC 167Roots (TV mini-series) 80Rose Tricia 82n19Ruffalo Mark 165Ruppin Arthur 195 196Russell Tribunal 190 236Russia

alliance with Egypt 137ndash139Cold War and 115global economy and 59Herzl and 88Jewish immigrants from 152 160peace process and 159 160recognition of Israel 116Six Day War and 123 124Sykes-Picot Agreement and 94 95WWI and 88 89

Al Ruwwad Childrenrsquos Dance Theater 42

Sal Sabawi Khaled 42Sabeel 186Sabra 111

Sabra refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Sadat Anwar 140 244safety promise of 216ndash219Said Edward 164ndash166Said-Foqahaa Nader 129 130Salaita Steven 242Samaritans 12 46 48n64Samuel Herbert 88Santayana George 234ldquoSaturday Night Massacrerdquo 138Saudi Arabia 103 116 154 179school bus crash 18secessionist movements 64second (Al Aqsa) Intifada See Intifada

secondsecular humanism 220 221 See also

universalismuniversal humanismSegev Tom 15 111 216self-ghettoization Zionism as 212ndash216separation barrier Israeli

around homes 39attempts to breach 192containment and 33ICJ on 157 218national security as rationale for 156

179Palestinian labor exclusion and 192protests and 40roboticization of 242suicide bombings and 156 171n54

September 11 terrorist attacks See 911 terrorist attacks

service work as a tool for change 239settler only roads 134 191Shaftsbury Earl of 225n4Shah of Iran 141 159Shahian Abdel Aziz 25n74Shakespeare William 74 75Shamir Yitzhak 194Shamir Yoav 181Shapira Anita 24n54 101 107n63Shapira Yonatan 57 231Sharon Ariel

counter-proposal to two-state solution 143

election of 163

INDEX

298

Gazan resistance and 158massacre in Qibya and 117pacificationofWestBankand141refugee camp massacres and 138second Intifada and 157settlement building and 134war on Arab terror and 61

Shatila refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Shavit Ari 101 105n6 180 211 212Sheikh Jerrah East Jerusalem 38 39Shepherd Matthew 210Sherwood Harriet 22 23n26 225n14Shlaim Avi 99Shula Alonirsquos story 189shuttle diplomacy 163Shylock (in Merchant of Venice) 74 75Siegman Henry 218 219Sierra Leone 79Simon Wiesenthal Center 61Sinai Peninsula 134 135 138 139 140Six Day War (1967)

as ldquodefensive warrdquo 123 133expulsions during 197Israeli control of historic Palestine and

9 15 45 124 130 182situation leading to 122ndash124

slavery 5 58 73 76 79Slovak Republic 64Smith Adam 239Smith Charles D 137Sneh Ephraim 180 181 227n50social media positive effects of 222 See

also Facebook postssocialism 76 77 101 110sociocide as term xv 198 199 236 See

also ethnic cleansingsociocidesoft Zionism 211 226n23Somoza Anastasio 183South Africa apartheid system in 12 45

153 186 188ndash193 233 234Soviet Union

Cold War and 114 115 117 118 152collapse of 61 144 152invasion of Hungary 118 124Jews from 92Occupation and resistance and 134

peace process and 159 160spaciocide 199Spain 64 65 159 160 240sperm smuggling 242Spielberg Steven 79Spinoza Baruch 73 216starvation 187 188 196State of Emergency 119 130State Stamp Law (1949) 132Straights of Tiran 123 140Straw Jack 96Streisand Barbara 79The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

(Kuhn) 132Sudan 154Suez Canal 118 123 140 182Suez Crisis xvisuicide bombings xv 55 156 192summer circus camp 42sumud 16supermarket chains and BDS 240superpowers

in ancient IsraelPalestine 13ascollectiveactorinconflict10ndash13in decolonization era 114ndash118misuse of human rights doctrines 53 56Occupation and resistance and 134ndash136peace process and 153 154in pre-state period 93ndash96recent domination in Palestine 13 16two-state solution and 151

Sykes Mark 94Sykes-Picot agreement 88 94ndash97Syria

agricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103civil war in 182claim on Golan Heights 9 23n26 152conflictin18current 141in decolonization era 116 117Egyptrsquos rivalry with 122Fatah support by 122Madrid Conference and 160Palestine imagined as province of 97refugee camps in 9 10 118 121

INDEX

299

refugees from 182Resolution 242 and 139 140Six Day War and 123 124support of Palestinian factions by 122

136unrest in 154Yom Kippur War and 138

TTaba Talks of 2001 162 163Tacitus 149Tahrir Square 222Tamimi Bassem 207 219Tamimi Bilal and Manal 38Tamimi Mostafa 38Tanzimat reforms 93ldquoTaxirdquo (Hammad) 56Taybeh Beer Brewery 40Teach for America 60Tel Aviv boardwalk 35Tel Aviv Israel 43 112 156 193 239Ten Point Program 146n71Tent of Nations 33 34Tessler Mark 17Thant U 123three-family story 194 195Three Norsquos of Khartoum 19 135Thucydides 129Transjordan option 20 25n75transnational market forces 6tribalism 213 214 217Truman Doctrine 115Truman Harry 115 116truth and reconciliation commissions 6Tulkarem West Bank 161 241Tunis Tunisia 143 155Tunisia

Arab Spring in 154Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 138 142 154 155

TurkeyArab Jews in 112aspirations of 179FreeGazaflotillaand168173n117ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140Israeli alliance with 117 141

population transfers and 64Turks See Ottoman EmpireTutu Desmond 3 189 19024 (TV show) 62two-state solution See also one-state

solutionalternatives to 70n87 166apartheid and 190failure of 66First Intifada and 143great powers and 151Green Line and 8 9 19 43human rights standards and 10Israeli settlements and 133 134land division and 43national liberation struggle and 243origins and resurfacing of 65Rabat Declaration and 159Resolution 181 and 235

Tzabar Shimon 129

UUAR (United Arab Republic) 118 122 123UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human

Rights) 50ndash52 56Uganda 8 14 80 87Ukraine 64 92Ulpan plan 92Ulrichrsquos story 185ultra-Orthodox Jews 31 35 77 78 101

See also Orthodox JewsUm al Fahm Israel 194 195Um Kammal 38 39UN Human Rights Commission 61UN Conciliation Commission on Palestine

(UNCCP) 121 122UN General Assembly

admission of PLO 139 167on Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54recognition of Palestine as observer

state 218 219Resolution 181 8 65 101 115

135 235UN High Commissioner for Refugees

(UNHCR) 121 122UN Human Rights Council 181

INDEX

300

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) 43

UN Relief Works Agency (UNRWA) xviii n14 22n23 121 122

UN Security Councilon Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54Resolution 242 134 135 162Resolution 338 162

UNESCO 167 181United Arab Emirates 65United Arab Republic (UAR) 118 122 123United Kingdom 64 65United Nations

at Madrid Conference 160Palestinian Authority and 199partitioning of historic Palestine 8 101

121protocols for protecting refugees 121refugee camps 104Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(UDHR) 50upgrading of Palestinersquos status 181 182Zionism and 214

United StatesAmerican Indians in 58 68n44anti-Arab anti-Muslim prejudice in

59ndash62Arab world awareness in 209Arafat and PLO rejected by 143 144

153 160arms delivery delays by 239BDS precedents in 240Bill of Rights 51blacks as superpatriots in 62blindness and deafness in 236Cold War and 115 117 118 124 139

152colonies in 219Declaration of Independence 68n44Egypt rejected by 117 118GI Bill of Rights 58grassroots social movements in 222Great Society project 228n65human rights standards ignored by 241Immigration and Nationality Act of

1965 58

importanceinconflict243244Israel as liability to 182Israeli-American alliance 116 138 139

152 153 217 227n50Israelrsquos special relationship with 98Jewish community in 44 80 89 91

114 116military aid to Egypt 140Occupation and resistance and 134occupation of Germany 132operations in IsraelPalestine 13 16Palestinian Authority and 161Palestinian elections and 166peace process and 144 152 153

158ndash160race riot responses in 150restrictive immigration policies 111Six Day War and 124suspension of air travel to Tel Aviv 239

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 50ndash52 56

universal jurisdiction 214 215universalismuniversal humanism 46 214

217universities and BDS 240university campuses prejudice on 59 60Uris Leon 208Uruguay 165US State Department 32USAID 229n74Use of Hebrew Date Law (1998) 132Ussishkin Menachem 195 196

VVenezuela 165Veolia 240Verwoerd Hendrik 189veteranrsquos preference 131Vietnam French in 219Vietnam War 134Vietnamese Liberation Front 124vigilantism 32 241 245n30village leagues 141violence

ahistorical presentation of 5resistance and 183state-sponsored 222

INDEX

301

vigilante 32voter suppression 76 82n13

WWadi al Narsquoam Israel 42Wadi Rasha (village) 157Wailing (Western) Wall in Old City 100

112al Walajeh (village) 30 31 133Waltz with Bashir (film) 219Wannsee Conference 187waqf Islamic 8 18 52War of Independence 8 9 103 111 115

116 182 See also Nakba (the Catastrophe)

water shortages 161 164Watergate scandal 138Waxmann Rivka and Haim 109ldquoWe Killed Jesus Wersquore Proud of Itrdquo

(YouTube video) 18Weber Max 49 81n6Weissglass Dov 158 159 187Weizmann Chaim 88 195 196West Bank

division into areas 10 104 161 164efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143efforts to pacify 141firstIntifada and 154 155free trade zones in 224Israeli control of 139 140 150Jewish settlements in 22 23n26 29

133 134 152Jordanian control of 8 9 104 117 118

135 137negotiations and 153new city in 224Palestinian population in 9refugee camps in 9 118Samaritans in 12 46 48n64separation barrier appropriation of land

in 156two-state solution and 159vigilante violence in 32

West Beirut Lebanon 138Western Sahara 154

White Paper of 1921 98 99White Paper of 1939 100 111Who Profits 28 43 239 242Wilson Woodrow 89witchcraft accusations of Pilgrims 78Wolfe Alan 214womenrsquos movement American 222World Trade Organization (WTO) 59 179

222World War I 88 89 94World War II

American occupation of Germany after 132

Great Britain and 104human rights framework and 51 53racial disadvantage after 74reduced to Holocaust 61Zionism and 8 100 101 111

World Zionist Organization (WZO) 87ndash89 234

WTO (the World Trade Organization) 59 179 222

Wye River memorandum 162WZO (World Zionist Organization) 87ndash89

234

YYad Larsquoachim 245n30Yasminersquos story 71 72Yehoshua AB 215Yemen 112 154Yiftachel Oren 243Yishuv 91 100 101 197Yitzachi Aryeh 109Yom Kippur War (1973) 69n54 138 139

182 231 232Young Cynthia 62Yugoslavia 64Yurirsquos story 57Yuvalrsquos story 231 232

ZZangwill Israel 195 196 207 225n4Zapatistas 222Zeidan Mohammad 131Ziadeh Rafif 41

INDEX

302

Zionism 71ndash82 207ndash224 See also pre-state period in history of Zionism Zionists

claim to ownership of IsraelPalestine 13 65 66

as colonization 178contradictions of 195ndash197criticism of 209ethnic cleansing and 196 208ndash212fear of assimilation and 87genocide framework and 186 187global empires and 64globalization and 220ndash224history of 7 8 234 235Holocaust and 8 73 100 101 208ndash211human rights violations and 7inversion of 78ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140 141Israeli-Palestinianconflictand12ndash16

23n38 72 73Jewish homeland vs Jewish state and 7

43 44Jewish identity and 215 216Jewish-Muslim relations prior to 11 12

23n37as Jewish nationalism 235nationalist movement of 66ldquonew Jewsrdquo and 111 112origins of 87

as Palestinian disaster 211parallels to back-to-Africa movement

80 81pioneering mentality 7 21n21psychology of 101rejection of 212 213safety and 216ndash219as self-ghettoization 212ndash216shared ancestry with Palestinians and

14 15Six Day War and 124socialist labor variant of 101universal vs particular in 214 215use of force and 15 24n54

Zionist Commission for Palestine 91 92Zionist Congress eighth (1907) 196Zionist Congress fifth (1901) 89Zionist Congress first (1897) 87 88 196Zionist Organization 87ndash89 91 92 97Zionists See also Zionism

Christian 12 208 225n7expulsion of Palestinians by (See

expulsion of Palestinians)Partition Plan and 102in pre-state period 87ndash93 98 102ldquosoftrdquo 211 226n23in United States 208 225n7

Zochrot (Remembrance) 28 43 237 242Zonszein Mairav 245n30

• REFERENCES
• INDEX

INDEX

289

Aida refugee camp and 192creation of 92Disengagement Plan and 158expulsion of Palestinians by 8 22n23Jewish immigrants and 34 149killing of Palestinians by 155Operation Protective Edge and 32vandalization of jeep of 44vigilantism and 245n30

Israeli graduate studentrsquos story 184Israeli High Court 157Israeli self-defense as framework 178ndash184

199Israeli settlements

containment and 33danger to settlers in 183 184expansion of 152 182 197 211

225n14 226n17following Six Day War 133 134as human rights violation 53 54labeling of products from 181media coverage of 5numbers of Jews living in 9population of 22 23n26 209 225n14as strategy to control Palestinians 29 30vigilante violence and 32 39

Israeli state early national periodIsraelis during 110ndash114Palestinians during 118ndash122superpowers 114ndash118tragic spiral 122ndash124

Israeli story 109Israeli Supreme Court 31 46nn9amp10 131

191Israeli vs Palestinian deaths 184Israelis See also Israel

blindness of 218 219 236opposed to Occupation 28 36 38 183

193 218self-interest and 243

Israelites 13 14 23n39Italy 64Itamar settlement 183

JJA (Jewish Agency) 87 92 102 234Jabalya refugee camp 142

Jabotinsky Vladimir 140 141 178 181 195 196

Jackson Jesse 60ldquoJaeckesrdquo 75Jaffa Israel 34 35 212Jaffa Muslim-Christian Council 18Jefferson Thomas 68n44Jenin West Bank 161Jericho West Bank 161Jerusalem See also East Jerusalem

Arab Quarter of Old City 71 72binational 243negotiations and 153seam line within 221settler neighborhoods in 134al Walajeh 30 31 133

Jerusalem-Bethlehem corridor 101Jewish Agency (JA) 87 92 102 234Jewish identity 215 216Jewish National Fund (JNF)

fundraising by 89 98 234Jewish Agency and 92Jewish nationality and 114 125n22Judaization and 91land management by 90 91land purchases by 89 94Zionism in the pre-state period and 87

89ndash92Jewish self-defense 177 178 See also

Israeli self-defenseJewish state vs Jewish homeland 7 43 44Jewish Voices for Peace 242Jews See also Israeli settlements Orthodox

Jews ultra-Orthodox Jews Zionism Zionists

admiration for 61American (See American Jews)Arab 59 92 111ndash113assimilation and 74 75 87 101Christians and in pre-modern era 11

12 23n37communities of in Palestine 8 12confrontation and 77 78Ethiopian 92European 73 76 77 80 111ndash113

124German 75 89

INDEX

290

immigrants to Israel 34 131 149 152 153 160

Israeli national rights for 113 114Muslims and prior to Zionism 11 12

23n37new 111 112 192Palestinian 8 12 92 96parallels to African American

experience 62 73ndash76population in Israel xvii xviii n12Promised Land of 8 52reform and 76Russian 152 160shared ancestry with Palestinians 14 15socialism and 76 77Soviet and post-Soviet 92turning on other Jews 44universalism and 46 214world population of 10

Jimmy Carter Center 166JNF See Jewish National Fund (JNF)Johnson Lyndon 124Jordan

Arab Jews in 112army invasion of Israel 103control of West Bank 8 9 104 117

118 135 137in decolonization era 116 117Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104peace treaty with Israel (1994) 141PLO in 136 137refugee camps in 9 10 118 121 137refugeeinfluxto182Six Day War and 123 124Transjordan option and 20 29unrest in 154

Jordan June 56Jordan River and Valley 123 134

241 242Judaism

Constantinian vs prophetic 227n45Herzl and 215 218self-ghettoization and 215 216survival of 220 221

Judaization of the land 11 15 16 42 60 91 131

Judis John 226n23Judt Tony 166

KKafka Franz 216Kahan Commission 138Kanazi Remi 41Karameh Battle of 136Karenrsquos story 210Karon Tony 190 215 220Kasrils Ronnie 186 190Kathleenrsquos story 178 179Kearney Michael 172n96Kennedy John F 149 244Keret Etgar 151Kerry John 44 163 190Khalidi Walid 22n24Khartoum Declaration 19 135 151 159Kibbutz Megido 90King Martin Luther 75 231The Kingdom (film) 62kinship 56 57 68n36Knesset 131 132 140 183 188 218Kramer Martin 187 188Kristalnacht 185Ku Klux Klan 79kuffiyeh factory in Hebron 40Kuhn Thomas 49 132Kurds 65 235Kuwait 144 153 154 159Kweli Talib 62

Llabor

globalization and rights 223 224Jewish vs Palestinian 192 196

laicism 64Lajee Center 42 239Lajun (Palestinian village) 31 90land for peace 133The Land of Israel Past and Present

(Ben Gurion and Ben Zvi) 14Larsquoor Yitzak 61Laurens Henri 208Law and Governance Article 18A 132Law of Return 113 114 125n22 131

152

INDEX

291

The Law In These Parts 187League of Nations

failure to prevent war 51mandatory system 89 95Palestine Mandate 20 89

Lebanonagricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103Christian groups in 138in decolonization era 116 117Israeli invasion of 182Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 137 138 141 142political compromises in 182refugee camps in 9 118 121 137 138

141unrest in 154

legal and advocacy tools for change 238 239

Letters of Mutual Recognition 161 162Leunig Michael 3Levi Primo 185 216Leviev 240Levy Gideon 216Liberia 79 80 81Libya 154Lifta (village) 31 43Likud Party 60Little Town of Bethlehem (film) 231Lubavitcher Jews 77 78Lydda ethnic cleansing of 155 156 211

212

MMadrid Conference 153 159 160Maghreb 112 113Maghrebi neighborhood in East Jerusalem

133Magnes Judah 43 211Maher Bill 57Mahmoud (al Walajeh resident) 30 31Maimonides 214 216Mali 154Malthus Thomas 239Mamdani Mahmood 53 70n81

Mamilla Cemetery Jerusalem 61Mandate Palestine See British Mandatory

PalestineMandela Nelson 50 188 189Mandelbaum Gate 221Mansfield Michael 236 237Maquiladoras 224market systems global 222Marshall George C 103Marx Karl 73 77 216Massachusetts Bay Colony 78Massad Joseph 77Maureenrsquos story 220 224Mauritania 154 160Mavi Marmara (ship) 141 168mawat 134McCarthyism 78McMahon Henry 95media mainstream 4 28Mekorot 240Merchant of Venice (Shakespeare) 74 75Mexico 224Middle Ages 12 23n37militarism 182 223 224Mirarsquos story 216 217Misgav Uri 186Modirsquoin Illit settlement 157Molad 243monotheism 214 220 221Moroccan Quarter in East Jerusalem

133Morocco 154 160Morris Benny 22n24 107n75 186

209 211Motorola sanctions against 240Moving Towards Home (Jordan) 56mowing the lawn 153 168Moynihan Daniel Patrick 228n65Mubarak Hosni 141Multi-National Peacekeeping force

138multiculturalism 55 56 78 79Museum of Tolerance 61Museum on the Seam 221Muslim Brotherhood 156Muslims

Arab 58

INDEX

292

Islamic waqf of 8 18 52Jews and prior to Zionism 11 12

23n37Palestinian factions of 136population transfers 64world population of 10

Mussolini Benito 64My Promised Land (Shavit) 211

NNabi Saleh West Bank

Halamish settlement and 29protests and demonstrations in 183 239spring water access in 29 38 40 183tear gas canister garlands in 241Zionist observations of 212

Nablus West Bank 12 32 46 48n64 161Nader Ralph 5Nakba (the Catastrophe) See also War of

Independenceagreement of facts about 18 24 25n64

180beginning of 102 107n67end of 8 9Israeli school curriculum and 237Jaffa and 34 212Operation Dani in 155 156 170n43Palestinians displaced in 113 155 156

197Palestinians in Israel following 118 119planting over villages destroyed in 90soft Zionism and 211Soviet military aid to Israel during 115statistics on 22n23Zochrot and 43

Nakhleh Khalil 220Nasser Daoud 33Nasser Gamal Abdel 117 118 122ndash124

136Nasserism 97nation and nationalism 50 62ndash66

history of 64 65human rights violations and 64 65language and 65mediating institutions 63 70n76in Middle East 65modern nation states 63 70n74 76

Palestinians and 235prehistory to nationalism 70n80racialclassificationcomparedto64religion and 64Zionism and 235

Nation of Islam 77national identity 113 114National Priority Areas (NPA) 131Native Americans 58 68n44 227n39Nazis 185 186 210Negev Israel

Bedouins in 41 91human rights groups and 4Judaization of 16 41 91 131oil possibilities in 116Palestinian community in 28Peel Commission Report and 99refugees from 24n52

Negotiations Support Unit of PA 51neocolonialism 53 56Nestlersquos boycott against 240Netanyahu Benjamin

Abu Mazen and 151American-Israeli relations and 227n50Bar Ilan University speech and 163Oslo process and 161pacificationofPalestiniansand32post-post-Zionism and 21n21violence and 155

Neuhaus Richard John 70n76ldquonew Jewsrdquo 111 112 192New York Times 5 32NGOs See non-governmental organizations

(NGOs)Nicaragua 183Nilirsquoin (village) 40 183 239911 terrorist attacks 59 61 78 157 163972 Magazine 32Nixon Richard 138Nobel Peace Prize (1979) 140non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

Israeli 28 40 43Palestinian 40 47n35 199social justice and 222 223 229n74tools for change and 237 238

Nordau Max 88 195 196Noriega Manuel 183

INDEX

293

North Africa 112Northern Ireland 12Norway 240NPA (National Priority Areas) 131nuclear weapons 217 218 228n56Nueva Vida 229n75

oObama Barack 79observer entity Palestine as 139 167 181observer state Palestine as 19 165 167

181 218 219Occupation 129ndash144 See also Israeli set-

tlementsas apartheid (See apartheid)bilateral challenges and 179 180domestic challenges and 180effects on agriculture of Palestinians

142 146n81as elephant in the room 6establishment of 86in Israeli textbooks xvIsraelis opposed to 28 36 38 183 193

218Israelrsquos establishment of 130ndash135oppression of Palestinians and 12 15

16 27 28 46n2 90permitting processes in 198planning and implementation of 132

133resistance by Palestinians 5 135ndash138soft Zionism and 211superpowers and 134ndash136tragic spiral and 138ndash144as trap 7witnessing by American Jewish leaders

238Occupied Golan Heights See Golan HeightsOccupied Palestinian Territories See also

Gaza West Bankldquobreak their bonesrdquo Israeli conduct in

150 156containment within 33ndash39dangers to Israel in 183 217 218geographic divides and 154 155 158

191Israeli control of 20

Israelrsquos encouragement of settlements within 54

population in 9 10OCHA (UN Office for the Coordination of

Humanitarian Affairs) 43oil interests 59 115 116ldquooil shockrdquo 139Ojibwa people 227n39Okin Susan Muller 55 56Old New Land (Herzl) 196Old Testament 11ldquoolimrdquo 78Olim Berlin 78Olim Prague 78Olmert Ehud 45 187 190Olympics in Munich (1972) 137Oman 154 160Omar (film) 41one-state solution See also two-state solu-

tionalternatives to 70n87apartheid and 242civil rights struggle and 44 166 167

243increased interest in 66Transjordan option and 20

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 69n54 139

Open Hillels 44 239Operation Cast Lead

criticism of Israel and 182FreeGazaflotillaand168genocide comparisons 186ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163trip to PalestineIsrael during 71Zionist defense of 215

Operation Dani 155 156 170n43Operation Defensive Shield 151 182Operation Pillar of Defense 153 163 182Operation Protective Edge

anti-Semitism and 61BDS and sanctions and 165British support for Gaza in 219cause of 166FreeGazaflotillaand168

INDEX

294

Gaza as a woman and 57genocide comparisons 186Israeli militarism and 182ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163skepticism about 209US suspension of air travel during 239Zionist defense of 215

ldquoOreosrdquo 75Organization of Petroleum Exporting

Countries (OPEC) 69n54 139orientalism 58Orthodox Jews 32 47n40 48n64 77

78 100 101 113 See also ultra-Orthodox Jews

Oslo AccordsCamp David Summit and 162failure of 161 162 164Netanyahu and 161Palestinian acceptance of 19peace process and 155settlement expansion after 152Taba negotiations and 51two-state solution and 65 159 160 161water shortages and 161 164West Bank divisions and 10 104 161

164otherness embracing of 77ndash79Ottoman Empire

Arab revolt against 95 96dismemberment of lands of 94 95end of 76 91 92Herzl and 88land laws 134 141land records from 33ruling of land of IsraelPalestine 13 64Tanzimat reforms 93 94

Oz Amos 212

Ppacification 32 33 99 150Pakistan 64Palestine See also IsraelPalestine

Occupied Palestinian Territories Palestinians

as choice for Jewish homeland 80

Christian communities in 8competing claims on 8 13 52 65 232de-Arabization of 100 102 117history of 234Jewish communities in 8 12 92 96ldquoland without a peoplerdquo 207 225n4news coverage of 5as observer entity 139 167 181as observer state 19 165 167 181 218

219Peel Commission Report and 98 99in pre-state period 96ndash100UN designation of land for 8villages destroyed in 9 22n24 103Zionist immigration to 87 89 91 92

98 100Palestine Arab Congress 97Palestine Arab Delegation 85Palestine Fair Trade Association 40Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

commitments of declared by Arafat 162diverse factions of 136 137elections awaited by 199formation of 122 136as independent national authority 139

140 159Jordan and 136 137Lebanon and 137 138 141 142merging with Fatah 122 136national unity and 243Rabat Declaration and 158two-state solution and 65United States exclusion of 143 144

153 160weakening in Ramallah 158

Palestine National Congress (PNC) 143Palestine Office 91 92Palestine Peace not Apartheid (Carter) 189Palestine Strategy Study Group 243Palestine Zionist Executive 92Palestinian Authority

Adnanrsquos story and 51applications to ICC and ICJ 165 238establishment of 159 161national unity and 243Oslo agreements and 19 164Rome Statue of ICC and 167

INDEX

295

UN and 183 198 199Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) 156Palestinian Legislative Council 166 199

243Palestinian National Council 199 243Palestinian Rebellion 100Palestinian refugees

appropriation of land from 119discrimination against 131Jewish refugees compared to 113numbers of xviii xviii n14 24n52in refugee camps 9 10 104 118 121right of return xviii n14 15at time of Israeli state formation 103

Palestinian story 109 110Palestinian vs Israeli deaths 184Palestinians See also Palestine

in administrative detention 120child-naming practices 23n32Christian 8 9 33 97 183 218civilian casualties 55containment of 33ndash39creativity and resilience of 40ndash43as demographic threat 217 218Diaspora community of 104 239 241discrimination against 131 132distribution in IsraelPalestine 9educational attainment of xviii 28 40

46n6 72 238efforts to pacify 141 142elections held by 165 166expulsion of (See expulsion of

Palestinians)food shortages and 187 188 196General Strike by 98globalization and 223 224Hamas charter statements 18human rights violations by 54 55

67n24internal displacement of 9 24n52 34

90 103 118 119in Israel following Nakba 118 119as Israeli citizens 114 119 120

130ndash132 182 183 191Israeli state creation and 118ndash122killed and wounded in Gaza 32Kuwaitrsquos expulsion of 144

land captured from 92lobbying efforts to British 97as long term residents of IsraelPalestine

13media presentation of 28under military rule 119 120 130 132

191 197 198mob killings by 100 101Muslim 9 97 183national identity of 65 66 96 97 235need for national unity 243Occupation and (See under Occupation)pacificationof3233peace process and 154ndash158 164population of xvii xviii n13in pre-state period 89 96ndash102prohibited to live with spouses 31proverb 231refugees (See Palestinian refugees)as ldquoresidentsrdquo of East Jerusalem 130

133Resolution 242 and 135rock-throwing by children 5safety of 217 219self-determination pursuit by 16shared ancestry with Jews 14 15Six Day War and 124 130stereotypes of 5 7storyofdifficultiesinsharing4ndash6

PalTel 40pan-Arabism 97 117 123 136 235Panama 183Pappe Ilan 186 198Paradise Now (film) 41Paraguay 165particularism 212 213 214 217Partition Plan 102 115 116 141Patinkin Mandy 165Paulrsquos story 27 43peace camp 33 34peace process 149ndash168

changing boundaries and 104failure of 168firstIntifada and 155human rights and 164ndash168Israelis and 150ndash153 160 163 164Palestinians and 154ndash158 164

INDEX

296

superpowers and 153 154tragic spiral 155ndash164United States and 144 152

Peel Commission Report 65 98ndash100 197Peled-Elhanan Nurit xvPeled-Elhanan Smadar xvPeled Matti xvPeled Miko xvPeled Yoav xvpension funds and BDS 240permitting processes 198Peru 165Peterrsquos story 63PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of

Palestine) 136 156Philistines 13Picot Francois Georges 94PIJ (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) 156Pilgrims American 78pine trees planted in Palestine 90pink-washing 47n40Pinochet Augusto 214 215Pitersberg Gabriel 61Plan Dalet (Plan D) 102 103 107n75PLO See Palestine Liberation Organization

(PLO)PNC (Palestine National Congress) 143Poitier Sidney 81n10Poland 64political Islam

American race relations and 59Arab states and 244blacks as superpatriots and 62otherness and 78Palestinianflirtationwith16235pan-Arab unity and 97

politicide 199polytheism 214Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

(PFLP) 136 156population transfers 16 20 54 64 99 197post-post-Zionism 21 22n21post-Zionism 21n21Powell Colin 62pre-state period in history of Zionism

great powers in 93ndash96Palestinians in 96ndash100

tragic spiral 100ndash105Zionists in 87ndash93

present absentees 118 119price tag attacks 32Prince Stephen 177prophetic vs Constantinian Judaism 227n45protection gap 121Proust Marcel 216psychological warfare 188Ptolemy 49

QQalandiya checkpoint 149 235 236Qalqilya West Bank 161Qatar 160Qibya West Bank 117Quakers 240Qurrsquoan 11Quran Fadi 40

RR2P (Responsibility to Protect) 53Rabat Declaration 139 140 159Rabin Yitzhak 155 156 161 162 170n43race 50 56ndash62

anti-Arab racism 59ndash62 196 197blacks as superpatriots 62invidious nature of distinctions 58power and 58 59relations in the United States 59scientificdefinitionof5862as social construction 58 190

racial privilege 58 59racism 59ndash62 181 190 196 197 218Rakeek Mariam Abu 28Ramallah West Bank 28 161 183 241Ramle ethnic cleansing of 155 156Ras a-Tire (village) 157Rashomon effect 177Ravitch Diane 212Rawabi West Bank 223realpolitik 6 233Reconstruction failure of 79Red Scare 78Reel Bad Arabs (documentary) 5reform 75ndash77 81nn9amp10Reformation 87

INDEX

297

refugee campsexpelled Palestinians in 9 10 104 118

121numbers in 24n52rationing of water and electricity to 191in surrounding countries 9 10 24n52

104 118 121 141in West Bank and Gaza 9 24n52 118

Refugee Convention of 1951 121 122Refugee Protocol (1967) 121 122regional power struggles 179religion

human rights and 52 53nationalism and 64

resistance as a tool for change 239Responsibility to Protect (R2P) 53Ricardo David 239Rice Condoleezza 62Richardrsquos story 3 4Rihanna 165Riwaq 40Road Map 163Romania 182Romanov empire 64Rome Statute of ICC 167Roots (TV mini-series) 80Rose Tricia 82n19Ruffalo Mark 165Ruppin Arthur 195 196Russell Tribunal 190 236Russia

alliance with Egypt 137ndash139Cold War and 115global economy and 59Herzl and 88Jewish immigrants from 152 160peace process and 159 160recognition of Israel 116Six Day War and 123 124Sykes-Picot Agreement and 94 95WWI and 88 89

Al Ruwwad Childrenrsquos Dance Theater 42

Sal Sabawi Khaled 42Sabeel 186Sabra 111

Sabra refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Sadat Anwar 140 244safety promise of 216ndash219Said Edward 164ndash166Said-Foqahaa Nader 129 130Salaita Steven 242Samaritans 12 46 48n64Samuel Herbert 88Santayana George 234ldquoSaturday Night Massacrerdquo 138Saudi Arabia 103 116 154 179school bus crash 18secessionist movements 64second (Al Aqsa) Intifada See Intifada

secondsecular humanism 220 221 See also

universalismuniversal humanismSegev Tom 15 111 216self-ghettoization Zionism as 212ndash216separation barrier Israeli

around homes 39attempts to breach 192containment and 33ICJ on 157 218national security as rationale for 156

179Palestinian labor exclusion and 192protests and 40roboticization of 242suicide bombings and 156 171n54

September 11 terrorist attacks See 911 terrorist attacks

service work as a tool for change 239settler only roads 134 191Shaftsbury Earl of 225n4Shah of Iran 141 159Shahian Abdel Aziz 25n74Shakespeare William 74 75Shamir Yitzhak 194Shamir Yoav 181Shapira Anita 24n54 101 107n63Shapira Yonatan 57 231Sharon Ariel

counter-proposal to two-state solution 143

election of 163

INDEX

298

Gazan resistance and 158massacre in Qibya and 117pacificationofWestBankand141refugee camp massacres and 138second Intifada and 157settlement building and 134war on Arab terror and 61

Shatila refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Shavit Ari 101 105n6 180 211 212Sheikh Jerrah East Jerusalem 38 39Shepherd Matthew 210Sherwood Harriet 22 23n26 225n14Shlaim Avi 99Shula Alonirsquos story 189shuttle diplomacy 163Shylock (in Merchant of Venice) 74 75Siegman Henry 218 219Sierra Leone 79Simon Wiesenthal Center 61Sinai Peninsula 134 135 138 139 140Six Day War (1967)

as ldquodefensive warrdquo 123 133expulsions during 197Israeli control of historic Palestine and

9 15 45 124 130 182situation leading to 122ndash124

slavery 5 58 73 76 79Slovak Republic 64Smith Adam 239Smith Charles D 137Sneh Ephraim 180 181 227n50social media positive effects of 222 See

also Facebook postssocialism 76 77 101 110sociocide as term xv 198 199 236 See

also ethnic cleansingsociocidesoft Zionism 211 226n23Somoza Anastasio 183South Africa apartheid system in 12 45

153 186 188ndash193 233 234Soviet Union

Cold War and 114 115 117 118 152collapse of 61 144 152invasion of Hungary 118 124Jews from 92Occupation and resistance and 134

peace process and 159 160spaciocide 199Spain 64 65 159 160 240sperm smuggling 242Spielberg Steven 79Spinoza Baruch 73 216starvation 187 188 196State of Emergency 119 130State Stamp Law (1949) 132Straights of Tiran 123 140Straw Jack 96Streisand Barbara 79The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

(Kuhn) 132Sudan 154Suez Canal 118 123 140 182Suez Crisis xvisuicide bombings xv 55 156 192summer circus camp 42sumud 16supermarket chains and BDS 240superpowers

in ancient IsraelPalestine 13ascollectiveactorinconflict10ndash13in decolonization era 114ndash118misuse of human rights doctrines 53 56Occupation and resistance and 134ndash136peace process and 153 154in pre-state period 93ndash96recent domination in Palestine 13 16two-state solution and 151

Sykes Mark 94Sykes-Picot agreement 88 94ndash97Syria

agricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103civil war in 182claim on Golan Heights 9 23n26 152conflictin18current 141in decolonization era 116 117Egyptrsquos rivalry with 122Fatah support by 122Madrid Conference and 160Palestine imagined as province of 97refugee camps in 9 10 118 121

INDEX

299

refugees from 182Resolution 242 and 139 140Six Day War and 123 124support of Palestinian factions by 122

136unrest in 154Yom Kippur War and 138

TTaba Talks of 2001 162 163Tacitus 149Tahrir Square 222Tamimi Bassem 207 219Tamimi Bilal and Manal 38Tamimi Mostafa 38Tanzimat reforms 93ldquoTaxirdquo (Hammad) 56Taybeh Beer Brewery 40Teach for America 60Tel Aviv boardwalk 35Tel Aviv Israel 43 112 156 193 239Ten Point Program 146n71Tent of Nations 33 34Tessler Mark 17Thant U 123three-family story 194 195Three Norsquos of Khartoum 19 135Thucydides 129Transjordan option 20 25n75transnational market forces 6tribalism 213 214 217Truman Doctrine 115Truman Harry 115 116truth and reconciliation commissions 6Tulkarem West Bank 161 241Tunis Tunisia 143 155Tunisia

Arab Spring in 154Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 138 142 154 155

TurkeyArab Jews in 112aspirations of 179FreeGazaflotillaand168173n117ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140Israeli alliance with 117 141

population transfers and 64Turks See Ottoman EmpireTutu Desmond 3 189 19024 (TV show) 62two-state solution See also one-state

solutionalternatives to 70n87 166apartheid and 190failure of 66First Intifada and 143great powers and 151Green Line and 8 9 19 43human rights standards and 10Israeli settlements and 133 134land division and 43national liberation struggle and 243origins and resurfacing of 65Rabat Declaration and 159Resolution 181 and 235

Tzabar Shimon 129

UUAR (United Arab Republic) 118 122 123UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human

Rights) 50ndash52 56Uganda 8 14 80 87Ukraine 64 92Ulpan plan 92Ulrichrsquos story 185ultra-Orthodox Jews 31 35 77 78 101

See also Orthodox JewsUm al Fahm Israel 194 195Um Kammal 38 39UN Human Rights Commission 61UN Conciliation Commission on Palestine

(UNCCP) 121 122UN General Assembly

admission of PLO 139 167on Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54recognition of Palestine as observer

state 218 219Resolution 181 8 65 101 115

135 235UN High Commissioner for Refugees

(UNHCR) 121 122UN Human Rights Council 181

INDEX

300

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) 43

UN Relief Works Agency (UNRWA) xviii n14 22n23 121 122

UN Security Councilon Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54Resolution 242 134 135 162Resolution 338 162

UNESCO 167 181United Arab Emirates 65United Arab Republic (UAR) 118 122 123United Kingdom 64 65United Nations

at Madrid Conference 160Palestinian Authority and 199partitioning of historic Palestine 8 101

121protocols for protecting refugees 121refugee camps 104Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(UDHR) 50upgrading of Palestinersquos status 181 182Zionism and 214

United StatesAmerican Indians in 58 68n44anti-Arab anti-Muslim prejudice in

59ndash62Arab world awareness in 209Arafat and PLO rejected by 143 144

153 160arms delivery delays by 239BDS precedents in 240Bill of Rights 51blacks as superpatriots in 62blindness and deafness in 236Cold War and 115 117 118 124 139

152colonies in 219Declaration of Independence 68n44Egypt rejected by 117 118GI Bill of Rights 58grassroots social movements in 222Great Society project 228n65human rights standards ignored by 241Immigration and Nationality Act of

1965 58

importanceinconflict243244Israel as liability to 182Israeli-American alliance 116 138 139

152 153 217 227n50Israelrsquos special relationship with 98Jewish community in 44 80 89 91

114 116military aid to Egypt 140Occupation and resistance and 134occupation of Germany 132operations in IsraelPalestine 13 16Palestinian Authority and 161Palestinian elections and 166peace process and 144 152 153

158ndash160race riot responses in 150restrictive immigration policies 111Six Day War and 124suspension of air travel to Tel Aviv 239

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 50ndash52 56

universal jurisdiction 214 215universalismuniversal humanism 46 214

217universities and BDS 240university campuses prejudice on 59 60Uris Leon 208Uruguay 165US State Department 32USAID 229n74Use of Hebrew Date Law (1998) 132Ussishkin Menachem 195 196

VVenezuela 165Veolia 240Verwoerd Hendrik 189veteranrsquos preference 131Vietnam French in 219Vietnam War 134Vietnamese Liberation Front 124vigilantism 32 241 245n30village leagues 141violence

ahistorical presentation of 5resistance and 183state-sponsored 222

INDEX

301

vigilante 32voter suppression 76 82n13

WWadi al Narsquoam Israel 42Wadi Rasha (village) 157Wailing (Western) Wall in Old City 100

112al Walajeh (village) 30 31 133Waltz with Bashir (film) 219Wannsee Conference 187waqf Islamic 8 18 52War of Independence 8 9 103 111 115

116 182 See also Nakba (the Catastrophe)

water shortages 161 164Watergate scandal 138Waxmann Rivka and Haim 109ldquoWe Killed Jesus Wersquore Proud of Itrdquo

(YouTube video) 18Weber Max 49 81n6Weissglass Dov 158 159 187Weizmann Chaim 88 195 196West Bank

division into areas 10 104 161 164efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143efforts to pacify 141firstIntifada and 154 155free trade zones in 224Israeli control of 139 140 150Jewish settlements in 22 23n26 29

133 134 152Jordanian control of 8 9 104 117 118

135 137negotiations and 153new city in 224Palestinian population in 9refugee camps in 9 118Samaritans in 12 46 48n64separation barrier appropriation of land

in 156two-state solution and 159vigilante violence in 32

West Beirut Lebanon 138Western Sahara 154

White Paper of 1921 98 99White Paper of 1939 100 111Who Profits 28 43 239 242Wilson Woodrow 89witchcraft accusations of Pilgrims 78Wolfe Alan 214womenrsquos movement American 222World Trade Organization (WTO) 59 179

222World War I 88 89 94World War II

American occupation of Germany after 132

Great Britain and 104human rights framework and 51 53racial disadvantage after 74reduced to Holocaust 61Zionism and 8 100 101 111

World Zionist Organization (WZO) 87ndash89 234

WTO (the World Trade Organization) 59 179 222

Wye River memorandum 162WZO (World Zionist Organization) 87ndash89

234

YYad Larsquoachim 245n30Yasminersquos story 71 72Yehoshua AB 215Yemen 112 154Yiftachel Oren 243Yishuv 91 100 101 197Yitzachi Aryeh 109Yom Kippur War (1973) 69n54 138 139

182 231 232Young Cynthia 62Yugoslavia 64Yurirsquos story 57Yuvalrsquos story 231 232

ZZangwill Israel 195 196 207 225n4Zapatistas 222Zeidan Mohammad 131Ziadeh Rafif 41

INDEX

302

Zionism 71ndash82 207ndash224 See also pre-state period in history of Zionism Zionists

claim to ownership of IsraelPalestine 13 65 66

as colonization 178contradictions of 195ndash197criticism of 209ethnic cleansing and 196 208ndash212fear of assimilation and 87genocide framework and 186 187global empires and 64globalization and 220ndash224history of 7 8 234 235Holocaust and 8 73 100 101 208ndash211human rights violations and 7inversion of 78ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140 141Israeli-Palestinianconflictand12ndash16

23n38 72 73Jewish homeland vs Jewish state and 7

43 44Jewish identity and 215 216Jewish-Muslim relations prior to 11 12

23n37as Jewish nationalism 235nationalist movement of 66ldquonew Jewsrdquo and 111 112origins of 87

as Palestinian disaster 211parallels to back-to-Africa movement

80 81pioneering mentality 7 21n21psychology of 101rejection of 212 213safety and 216ndash219as self-ghettoization 212ndash216shared ancestry with Palestinians and

14 15Six Day War and 124socialist labor variant of 101universal vs particular in 214 215use of force and 15 24n54

Zionist Commission for Palestine 91 92Zionist Congress eighth (1907) 196Zionist Congress fifth (1901) 89Zionist Congress first (1897) 87 88 196Zionist Organization 87ndash89 91 92 97Zionists See also Zionism

Christian 12 208 225n7expulsion of Palestinians by (See

expulsion of Palestinians)Partition Plan and 102in pre-state period 87ndash93 98 102ldquosoftrdquo 211 226n23in United States 208 225n7

Zochrot (Remembrance) 28 43 237 242Zonszein Mairav 245n30

• REFERENCES
• INDEX

INDEX

290

immigrants to Israel 34 131 149 152 153 160

Israeli national rights for 113 114Muslims and prior to Zionism 11 12

23n37new 111 112 192Palestinian 8 12 92 96parallels to African American

experience 62 73ndash76population in Israel xvii xviii n12Promised Land of 8 52reform and 76Russian 152 160shared ancestry with Palestinians 14 15socialism and 76 77Soviet and post-Soviet 92turning on other Jews 44universalism and 46 214world population of 10

Jimmy Carter Center 166JNF See Jewish National Fund (JNF)Johnson Lyndon 124Jordan

Arab Jews in 112army invasion of Israel 103control of West Bank 8 9 104 117

118 135 137in decolonization era 116 117Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104peace treaty with Israel (1994) 141PLO in 136 137refugee camps in 9 10 118 121 137refugeeinfluxto182Six Day War and 123 124Transjordan option and 20 29unrest in 154

Jordan June 56Jordan River and Valley 123 134

241 242Judaism

Constantinian vs prophetic 227n45Herzl and 215 218self-ghettoization and 215 216survival of 220 221

Judaization of the land 11 15 16 42 60 91 131

Judis John 226n23Judt Tony 166

KKafka Franz 216Kahan Commission 138Kanazi Remi 41Karameh Battle of 136Karenrsquos story 210Karon Tony 190 215 220Kasrils Ronnie 186 190Kathleenrsquos story 178 179Kearney Michael 172n96Kennedy John F 149 244Keret Etgar 151Kerry John 44 163 190Khalidi Walid 22n24Khartoum Declaration 19 135 151 159Kibbutz Megido 90King Martin Luther 75 231The Kingdom (film) 62kinship 56 57 68n36Knesset 131 132 140 183 188 218Kramer Martin 187 188Kristalnacht 185Ku Klux Klan 79kuffiyeh factory in Hebron 40Kuhn Thomas 49 132Kurds 65 235Kuwait 144 153 154 159Kweli Talib 62

Llabor

globalization and rights 223 224Jewish vs Palestinian 192 196

laicism 64Lajee Center 42 239Lajun (Palestinian village) 31 90land for peace 133The Land of Israel Past and Present

(Ben Gurion and Ben Zvi) 14Larsquoor Yitzak 61Laurens Henri 208Law and Governance Article 18A 132Law of Return 113 114 125n22 131

152

INDEX

291

The Law In These Parts 187League of Nations

failure to prevent war 51mandatory system 89 95Palestine Mandate 20 89

Lebanonagricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103Christian groups in 138in decolonization era 116 117Israeli invasion of 182Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 137 138 141 142political compromises in 182refugee camps in 9 118 121 137 138

141unrest in 154

legal and advocacy tools for change 238 239

Letters of Mutual Recognition 161 162Leunig Michael 3Levi Primo 185 216Leviev 240Levy Gideon 216Liberia 79 80 81Libya 154Lifta (village) 31 43Likud Party 60Little Town of Bethlehem (film) 231Lubavitcher Jews 77 78Lydda ethnic cleansing of 155 156 211

212

MMadrid Conference 153 159 160Maghreb 112 113Maghrebi neighborhood in East Jerusalem

133Magnes Judah 43 211Maher Bill 57Mahmoud (al Walajeh resident) 30 31Maimonides 214 216Mali 154Malthus Thomas 239Mamdani Mahmood 53 70n81

Mamilla Cemetery Jerusalem 61Mandate Palestine See British Mandatory

PalestineMandela Nelson 50 188 189Mandelbaum Gate 221Mansfield Michael 236 237Maquiladoras 224market systems global 222Marshall George C 103Marx Karl 73 77 216Massachusetts Bay Colony 78Massad Joseph 77Maureenrsquos story 220 224Mauritania 154 160Mavi Marmara (ship) 141 168mawat 134McCarthyism 78McMahon Henry 95media mainstream 4 28Mekorot 240Merchant of Venice (Shakespeare) 74 75Mexico 224Middle Ages 12 23n37militarism 182 223 224Mirarsquos story 216 217Misgav Uri 186Modirsquoin Illit settlement 157Molad 243monotheism 214 220 221Moroccan Quarter in East Jerusalem

133Morocco 154 160Morris Benny 22n24 107n75 186

209 211Motorola sanctions against 240Moving Towards Home (Jordan) 56mowing the lawn 153 168Moynihan Daniel Patrick 228n65Mubarak Hosni 141Multi-National Peacekeeping force

138multiculturalism 55 56 78 79Museum of Tolerance 61Museum on the Seam 221Muslim Brotherhood 156Muslims

Arab 58

INDEX

292

Islamic waqf of 8 18 52Jews and prior to Zionism 11 12

23n37Palestinian factions of 136population transfers 64world population of 10

Mussolini Benito 64My Promised Land (Shavit) 211

NNabi Saleh West Bank

Halamish settlement and 29protests and demonstrations in 183 239spring water access in 29 38 40 183tear gas canister garlands in 241Zionist observations of 212

Nablus West Bank 12 32 46 48n64 161Nader Ralph 5Nakba (the Catastrophe) See also War of

Independenceagreement of facts about 18 24 25n64

180beginning of 102 107n67end of 8 9Israeli school curriculum and 237Jaffa and 34 212Operation Dani in 155 156 170n43Palestinians displaced in 113 155 156

197Palestinians in Israel following 118 119planting over villages destroyed in 90soft Zionism and 211Soviet military aid to Israel during 115statistics on 22n23Zochrot and 43

Nakhleh Khalil 220Nasser Daoud 33Nasser Gamal Abdel 117 118 122ndash124

136Nasserism 97nation and nationalism 50 62ndash66

history of 64 65human rights violations and 64 65language and 65mediating institutions 63 70n76in Middle East 65modern nation states 63 70n74 76

Palestinians and 235prehistory to nationalism 70n80racialclassificationcomparedto64religion and 64Zionism and 235

Nation of Islam 77national identity 113 114National Priority Areas (NPA) 131Native Americans 58 68n44 227n39Nazis 185 186 210Negev Israel

Bedouins in 41 91human rights groups and 4Judaization of 16 41 91 131oil possibilities in 116Palestinian community in 28Peel Commission Report and 99refugees from 24n52

Negotiations Support Unit of PA 51neocolonialism 53 56Nestlersquos boycott against 240Netanyahu Benjamin

Abu Mazen and 151American-Israeli relations and 227n50Bar Ilan University speech and 163Oslo process and 161pacificationofPalestiniansand32post-post-Zionism and 21n21violence and 155

Neuhaus Richard John 70n76ldquonew Jewsrdquo 111 112 192New York Times 5 32NGOs See non-governmental organizations

(NGOs)Nicaragua 183Nilirsquoin (village) 40 183 239911 terrorist attacks 59 61 78 157 163972 Magazine 32Nixon Richard 138Nobel Peace Prize (1979) 140non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

Israeli 28 40 43Palestinian 40 47n35 199social justice and 222 223 229n74tools for change and 237 238

Nordau Max 88 195 196Noriega Manuel 183

INDEX

293

North Africa 112Northern Ireland 12Norway 240NPA (National Priority Areas) 131nuclear weapons 217 218 228n56Nueva Vida 229n75

oObama Barack 79observer entity Palestine as 139 167 181observer state Palestine as 19 165 167

181 218 219Occupation 129ndash144 See also Israeli set-

tlementsas apartheid (See apartheid)bilateral challenges and 179 180domestic challenges and 180effects on agriculture of Palestinians

142 146n81as elephant in the room 6establishment of 86in Israeli textbooks xvIsraelis opposed to 28 36 38 183 193

218Israelrsquos establishment of 130ndash135oppression of Palestinians and 12 15

16 27 28 46n2 90permitting processes in 198planning and implementation of 132

133resistance by Palestinians 5 135ndash138soft Zionism and 211superpowers and 134ndash136tragic spiral and 138ndash144as trap 7witnessing by American Jewish leaders

238Occupied Golan Heights See Golan HeightsOccupied Palestinian Territories See also

Gaza West Bankldquobreak their bonesrdquo Israeli conduct in

150 156containment within 33ndash39dangers to Israel in 183 217 218geographic divides and 154 155 158

191Israeli control of 20

Israelrsquos encouragement of settlements within 54

population in 9 10OCHA (UN Office for the Coordination of

Humanitarian Affairs) 43oil interests 59 115 116ldquooil shockrdquo 139Ojibwa people 227n39Okin Susan Muller 55 56Old New Land (Herzl) 196Old Testament 11ldquoolimrdquo 78Olim Berlin 78Olim Prague 78Olmert Ehud 45 187 190Olympics in Munich (1972) 137Oman 154 160Omar (film) 41one-state solution See also two-state solu-

tionalternatives to 70n87apartheid and 242civil rights struggle and 44 166 167

243increased interest in 66Transjordan option and 20

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 69n54 139

Open Hillels 44 239Operation Cast Lead

criticism of Israel and 182FreeGazaflotillaand168genocide comparisons 186ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163trip to PalestineIsrael during 71Zionist defense of 215

Operation Dani 155 156 170n43Operation Defensive Shield 151 182Operation Pillar of Defense 153 163 182Operation Protective Edge

anti-Semitism and 61BDS and sanctions and 165British support for Gaza in 219cause of 166FreeGazaflotillaand168

INDEX

294

Gaza as a woman and 57genocide comparisons 186Israeli militarism and 182ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163skepticism about 209US suspension of air travel during 239Zionist defense of 215

ldquoOreosrdquo 75Organization of Petroleum Exporting

Countries (OPEC) 69n54 139orientalism 58Orthodox Jews 32 47n40 48n64 77

78 100 101 113 See also ultra-Orthodox Jews

Oslo AccordsCamp David Summit and 162failure of 161 162 164Netanyahu and 161Palestinian acceptance of 19peace process and 155settlement expansion after 152Taba negotiations and 51two-state solution and 65 159 160 161water shortages and 161 164West Bank divisions and 10 104 161

164otherness embracing of 77ndash79Ottoman Empire

Arab revolt against 95 96dismemberment of lands of 94 95end of 76 91 92Herzl and 88land laws 134 141land records from 33ruling of land of IsraelPalestine 13 64Tanzimat reforms 93 94

Oz Amos 212

Ppacification 32 33 99 150Pakistan 64Palestine See also IsraelPalestine

Occupied Palestinian Territories Palestinians

as choice for Jewish homeland 80

Christian communities in 8competing claims on 8 13 52 65 232de-Arabization of 100 102 117history of 234Jewish communities in 8 12 92 96ldquoland without a peoplerdquo 207 225n4news coverage of 5as observer entity 139 167 181as observer state 19 165 167 181 218

219Peel Commission Report and 98 99in pre-state period 96ndash100UN designation of land for 8villages destroyed in 9 22n24 103Zionist immigration to 87 89 91 92

98 100Palestine Arab Congress 97Palestine Arab Delegation 85Palestine Fair Trade Association 40Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

commitments of declared by Arafat 162diverse factions of 136 137elections awaited by 199formation of 122 136as independent national authority 139

140 159Jordan and 136 137Lebanon and 137 138 141 142merging with Fatah 122 136national unity and 243Rabat Declaration and 158two-state solution and 65United States exclusion of 143 144

153 160weakening in Ramallah 158

Palestine National Congress (PNC) 143Palestine Office 91 92Palestine Peace not Apartheid (Carter) 189Palestine Strategy Study Group 243Palestine Zionist Executive 92Palestinian Authority

Adnanrsquos story and 51applications to ICC and ICJ 165 238establishment of 159 161national unity and 243Oslo agreements and 19 164Rome Statue of ICC and 167

INDEX

295

UN and 183 198 199Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) 156Palestinian Legislative Council 166 199

243Palestinian National Council 199 243Palestinian Rebellion 100Palestinian refugees

appropriation of land from 119discrimination against 131Jewish refugees compared to 113numbers of xviii xviii n14 24n52in refugee camps 9 10 104 118 121right of return xviii n14 15at time of Israeli state formation 103

Palestinian story 109 110Palestinian vs Israeli deaths 184Palestinians See also Palestine

in administrative detention 120child-naming practices 23n32Christian 8 9 33 97 183 218civilian casualties 55containment of 33ndash39creativity and resilience of 40ndash43as demographic threat 217 218Diaspora community of 104 239 241discrimination against 131 132distribution in IsraelPalestine 9educational attainment of xviii 28 40

46n6 72 238efforts to pacify 141 142elections held by 165 166expulsion of (See expulsion of

Palestinians)food shortages and 187 188 196General Strike by 98globalization and 223 224Hamas charter statements 18human rights violations by 54 55

67n24internal displacement of 9 24n52 34

90 103 118 119in Israel following Nakba 118 119as Israeli citizens 114 119 120

130ndash132 182 183 191Israeli state creation and 118ndash122killed and wounded in Gaza 32Kuwaitrsquos expulsion of 144

land captured from 92lobbying efforts to British 97as long term residents of IsraelPalestine

13media presentation of 28under military rule 119 120 130 132

191 197 198mob killings by 100 101Muslim 9 97 183national identity of 65 66 96 97 235need for national unity 243Occupation and (See under Occupation)pacificationof3233peace process and 154ndash158 164population of xvii xviii n13in pre-state period 89 96ndash102prohibited to live with spouses 31proverb 231refugees (See Palestinian refugees)as ldquoresidentsrdquo of East Jerusalem 130

133Resolution 242 and 135rock-throwing by children 5safety of 217 219self-determination pursuit by 16shared ancestry with Jews 14 15Six Day War and 124 130stereotypes of 5 7storyofdifficultiesinsharing4ndash6

PalTel 40pan-Arabism 97 117 123 136 235Panama 183Pappe Ilan 186 198Paradise Now (film) 41Paraguay 165particularism 212 213 214 217Partition Plan 102 115 116 141Patinkin Mandy 165Paulrsquos story 27 43peace camp 33 34peace process 149ndash168

changing boundaries and 104failure of 168firstIntifada and 155human rights and 164ndash168Israelis and 150ndash153 160 163 164Palestinians and 154ndash158 164

INDEX

296

superpowers and 153 154tragic spiral 155ndash164United States and 144 152

Peel Commission Report 65 98ndash100 197Peled-Elhanan Nurit xvPeled-Elhanan Smadar xvPeled Matti xvPeled Miko xvPeled Yoav xvpension funds and BDS 240permitting processes 198Peru 165Peterrsquos story 63PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of

Palestine) 136 156Philistines 13Picot Francois Georges 94PIJ (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) 156Pilgrims American 78pine trees planted in Palestine 90pink-washing 47n40Pinochet Augusto 214 215Pitersberg Gabriel 61Plan Dalet (Plan D) 102 103 107n75PLO See Palestine Liberation Organization

(PLO)PNC (Palestine National Congress) 143Poitier Sidney 81n10Poland 64political Islam

American race relations and 59Arab states and 244blacks as superpatriots and 62otherness and 78Palestinianflirtationwith16235pan-Arab unity and 97

politicide 199polytheism 214Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

(PFLP) 136 156population transfers 16 20 54 64 99 197post-post-Zionism 21 22n21post-Zionism 21n21Powell Colin 62pre-state period in history of Zionism

great powers in 93ndash96Palestinians in 96ndash100

tragic spiral 100ndash105Zionists in 87ndash93

present absentees 118 119price tag attacks 32Prince Stephen 177prophetic vs Constantinian Judaism 227n45protection gap 121Proust Marcel 216psychological warfare 188Ptolemy 49

QQalandiya checkpoint 149 235 236Qalqilya West Bank 161Qatar 160Qibya West Bank 117Quakers 240Qurrsquoan 11Quran Fadi 40

RR2P (Responsibility to Protect) 53Rabat Declaration 139 140 159Rabin Yitzhak 155 156 161 162 170n43race 50 56ndash62

anti-Arab racism 59ndash62 196 197blacks as superpatriots 62invidious nature of distinctions 58power and 58 59relations in the United States 59scientificdefinitionof5862as social construction 58 190

racial privilege 58 59racism 59ndash62 181 190 196 197 218Rakeek Mariam Abu 28Ramallah West Bank 28 161 183 241Ramle ethnic cleansing of 155 156Ras a-Tire (village) 157Rashomon effect 177Ravitch Diane 212Rawabi West Bank 223realpolitik 6 233Reconstruction failure of 79Red Scare 78Reel Bad Arabs (documentary) 5reform 75ndash77 81nn9amp10Reformation 87

INDEX

297

refugee campsexpelled Palestinians in 9 10 104 118

121numbers in 24n52rationing of water and electricity to 191in surrounding countries 9 10 24n52

104 118 121 141in West Bank and Gaza 9 24n52 118

Refugee Convention of 1951 121 122Refugee Protocol (1967) 121 122regional power struggles 179religion

human rights and 52 53nationalism and 64

resistance as a tool for change 239Responsibility to Protect (R2P) 53Ricardo David 239Rice Condoleezza 62Richardrsquos story 3 4Rihanna 165Riwaq 40Road Map 163Romania 182Romanov empire 64Rome Statute of ICC 167Roots (TV mini-series) 80Rose Tricia 82n19Ruffalo Mark 165Ruppin Arthur 195 196Russell Tribunal 190 236Russia

alliance with Egypt 137ndash139Cold War and 115global economy and 59Herzl and 88Jewish immigrants from 152 160peace process and 159 160recognition of Israel 116Six Day War and 123 124Sykes-Picot Agreement and 94 95WWI and 88 89

Al Ruwwad Childrenrsquos Dance Theater 42

Sal Sabawi Khaled 42Sabeel 186Sabra 111

Sabra refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Sadat Anwar 140 244safety promise of 216ndash219Said Edward 164ndash166Said-Foqahaa Nader 129 130Salaita Steven 242Samaritans 12 46 48n64Samuel Herbert 88Santayana George 234ldquoSaturday Night Massacrerdquo 138Saudi Arabia 103 116 154 179school bus crash 18secessionist movements 64second (Al Aqsa) Intifada See Intifada

secondsecular humanism 220 221 See also

universalismuniversal humanismSegev Tom 15 111 216self-ghettoization Zionism as 212ndash216separation barrier Israeli

around homes 39attempts to breach 192containment and 33ICJ on 157 218national security as rationale for 156

179Palestinian labor exclusion and 192protests and 40roboticization of 242suicide bombings and 156 171n54

September 11 terrorist attacks See 911 terrorist attacks

service work as a tool for change 239settler only roads 134 191Shaftsbury Earl of 225n4Shah of Iran 141 159Shahian Abdel Aziz 25n74Shakespeare William 74 75Shamir Yitzhak 194Shamir Yoav 181Shapira Anita 24n54 101 107n63Shapira Yonatan 57 231Sharon Ariel

counter-proposal to two-state solution 143

election of 163

INDEX

298

Gazan resistance and 158massacre in Qibya and 117pacificationofWestBankand141refugee camp massacres and 138second Intifada and 157settlement building and 134war on Arab terror and 61

Shatila refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Shavit Ari 101 105n6 180 211 212Sheikh Jerrah East Jerusalem 38 39Shepherd Matthew 210Sherwood Harriet 22 23n26 225n14Shlaim Avi 99Shula Alonirsquos story 189shuttle diplomacy 163Shylock (in Merchant of Venice) 74 75Siegman Henry 218 219Sierra Leone 79Simon Wiesenthal Center 61Sinai Peninsula 134 135 138 139 140Six Day War (1967)

as ldquodefensive warrdquo 123 133expulsions during 197Israeli control of historic Palestine and

9 15 45 124 130 182situation leading to 122ndash124

slavery 5 58 73 76 79Slovak Republic 64Smith Adam 239Smith Charles D 137Sneh Ephraim 180 181 227n50social media positive effects of 222 See

also Facebook postssocialism 76 77 101 110sociocide as term xv 198 199 236 See

also ethnic cleansingsociocidesoft Zionism 211 226n23Somoza Anastasio 183South Africa apartheid system in 12 45

153 186 188ndash193 233 234Soviet Union

Cold War and 114 115 117 118 152collapse of 61 144 152invasion of Hungary 118 124Jews from 92Occupation and resistance and 134

peace process and 159 160spaciocide 199Spain 64 65 159 160 240sperm smuggling 242Spielberg Steven 79Spinoza Baruch 73 216starvation 187 188 196State of Emergency 119 130State Stamp Law (1949) 132Straights of Tiran 123 140Straw Jack 96Streisand Barbara 79The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

(Kuhn) 132Sudan 154Suez Canal 118 123 140 182Suez Crisis xvisuicide bombings xv 55 156 192summer circus camp 42sumud 16supermarket chains and BDS 240superpowers

in ancient IsraelPalestine 13ascollectiveactorinconflict10ndash13in decolonization era 114ndash118misuse of human rights doctrines 53 56Occupation and resistance and 134ndash136peace process and 153 154in pre-state period 93ndash96recent domination in Palestine 13 16two-state solution and 151

Sykes Mark 94Sykes-Picot agreement 88 94ndash97Syria

agricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103civil war in 182claim on Golan Heights 9 23n26 152conflictin18current 141in decolonization era 116 117Egyptrsquos rivalry with 122Fatah support by 122Madrid Conference and 160Palestine imagined as province of 97refugee camps in 9 10 118 121

INDEX

299

refugees from 182Resolution 242 and 139 140Six Day War and 123 124support of Palestinian factions by 122

136unrest in 154Yom Kippur War and 138

TTaba Talks of 2001 162 163Tacitus 149Tahrir Square 222Tamimi Bassem 207 219Tamimi Bilal and Manal 38Tamimi Mostafa 38Tanzimat reforms 93ldquoTaxirdquo (Hammad) 56Taybeh Beer Brewery 40Teach for America 60Tel Aviv boardwalk 35Tel Aviv Israel 43 112 156 193 239Ten Point Program 146n71Tent of Nations 33 34Tessler Mark 17Thant U 123three-family story 194 195Three Norsquos of Khartoum 19 135Thucydides 129Transjordan option 20 25n75transnational market forces 6tribalism 213 214 217Truman Doctrine 115Truman Harry 115 116truth and reconciliation commissions 6Tulkarem West Bank 161 241Tunis Tunisia 143 155Tunisia

Arab Spring in 154Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 138 142 154 155

TurkeyArab Jews in 112aspirations of 179FreeGazaflotillaand168173n117ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140Israeli alliance with 117 141

population transfers and 64Turks See Ottoman EmpireTutu Desmond 3 189 19024 (TV show) 62two-state solution See also one-state

solutionalternatives to 70n87 166apartheid and 190failure of 66First Intifada and 143great powers and 151Green Line and 8 9 19 43human rights standards and 10Israeli settlements and 133 134land division and 43national liberation struggle and 243origins and resurfacing of 65Rabat Declaration and 159Resolution 181 and 235

Tzabar Shimon 129

UUAR (United Arab Republic) 118 122 123UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human

Rights) 50ndash52 56Uganda 8 14 80 87Ukraine 64 92Ulpan plan 92Ulrichrsquos story 185ultra-Orthodox Jews 31 35 77 78 101

See also Orthodox JewsUm al Fahm Israel 194 195Um Kammal 38 39UN Human Rights Commission 61UN Conciliation Commission on Palestine

(UNCCP) 121 122UN General Assembly

admission of PLO 139 167on Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54recognition of Palestine as observer

state 218 219Resolution 181 8 65 101 115

135 235UN High Commissioner for Refugees

(UNHCR) 121 122UN Human Rights Council 181

INDEX

300

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) 43

UN Relief Works Agency (UNRWA) xviii n14 22n23 121 122

UN Security Councilon Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54Resolution 242 134 135 162Resolution 338 162

UNESCO 167 181United Arab Emirates 65United Arab Republic (UAR) 118 122 123United Kingdom 64 65United Nations

at Madrid Conference 160Palestinian Authority and 199partitioning of historic Palestine 8 101

121protocols for protecting refugees 121refugee camps 104Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(UDHR) 50upgrading of Palestinersquos status 181 182Zionism and 214

United StatesAmerican Indians in 58 68n44anti-Arab anti-Muslim prejudice in

59ndash62Arab world awareness in 209Arafat and PLO rejected by 143 144

153 160arms delivery delays by 239BDS precedents in 240Bill of Rights 51blacks as superpatriots in 62blindness and deafness in 236Cold War and 115 117 118 124 139

152colonies in 219Declaration of Independence 68n44Egypt rejected by 117 118GI Bill of Rights 58grassroots social movements in 222Great Society project 228n65human rights standards ignored by 241Immigration and Nationality Act of

1965 58

importanceinconflict243244Israel as liability to 182Israeli-American alliance 116 138 139

152 153 217 227n50Israelrsquos special relationship with 98Jewish community in 44 80 89 91

114 116military aid to Egypt 140Occupation and resistance and 134occupation of Germany 132operations in IsraelPalestine 13 16Palestinian Authority and 161Palestinian elections and 166peace process and 144 152 153

158ndash160race riot responses in 150restrictive immigration policies 111Six Day War and 124suspension of air travel to Tel Aviv 239

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 50ndash52 56

universal jurisdiction 214 215universalismuniversal humanism 46 214

217universities and BDS 240university campuses prejudice on 59 60Uris Leon 208Uruguay 165US State Department 32USAID 229n74Use of Hebrew Date Law (1998) 132Ussishkin Menachem 195 196

VVenezuela 165Veolia 240Verwoerd Hendrik 189veteranrsquos preference 131Vietnam French in 219Vietnam War 134Vietnamese Liberation Front 124vigilantism 32 241 245n30village leagues 141violence

ahistorical presentation of 5resistance and 183state-sponsored 222

INDEX

301

vigilante 32voter suppression 76 82n13

WWadi al Narsquoam Israel 42Wadi Rasha (village) 157Wailing (Western) Wall in Old City 100

112al Walajeh (village) 30 31 133Waltz with Bashir (film) 219Wannsee Conference 187waqf Islamic 8 18 52War of Independence 8 9 103 111 115

116 182 See also Nakba (the Catastrophe)

water shortages 161 164Watergate scandal 138Waxmann Rivka and Haim 109ldquoWe Killed Jesus Wersquore Proud of Itrdquo

(YouTube video) 18Weber Max 49 81n6Weissglass Dov 158 159 187Weizmann Chaim 88 195 196West Bank

division into areas 10 104 161 164efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143efforts to pacify 141firstIntifada and 154 155free trade zones in 224Israeli control of 139 140 150Jewish settlements in 22 23n26 29

133 134 152Jordanian control of 8 9 104 117 118

135 137negotiations and 153new city in 224Palestinian population in 9refugee camps in 9 118Samaritans in 12 46 48n64separation barrier appropriation of land

in 156two-state solution and 159vigilante violence in 32

West Beirut Lebanon 138Western Sahara 154

White Paper of 1921 98 99White Paper of 1939 100 111Who Profits 28 43 239 242Wilson Woodrow 89witchcraft accusations of Pilgrims 78Wolfe Alan 214womenrsquos movement American 222World Trade Organization (WTO) 59 179

222World War I 88 89 94World War II

American occupation of Germany after 132

Great Britain and 104human rights framework and 51 53racial disadvantage after 74reduced to Holocaust 61Zionism and 8 100 101 111

World Zionist Organization (WZO) 87ndash89 234

WTO (the World Trade Organization) 59 179 222

Wye River memorandum 162WZO (World Zionist Organization) 87ndash89

234

YYad Larsquoachim 245n30Yasminersquos story 71 72Yehoshua AB 215Yemen 112 154Yiftachel Oren 243Yishuv 91 100 101 197Yitzachi Aryeh 109Yom Kippur War (1973) 69n54 138 139

182 231 232Young Cynthia 62Yugoslavia 64Yurirsquos story 57Yuvalrsquos story 231 232

ZZangwill Israel 195 196 207 225n4Zapatistas 222Zeidan Mohammad 131Ziadeh Rafif 41

INDEX

302

Zionism 71ndash82 207ndash224 See also pre-state period in history of Zionism Zionists

claim to ownership of IsraelPalestine 13 65 66

as colonization 178contradictions of 195ndash197criticism of 209ethnic cleansing and 196 208ndash212fear of assimilation and 87genocide framework and 186 187global empires and 64globalization and 220ndash224history of 7 8 234 235Holocaust and 8 73 100 101 208ndash211human rights violations and 7inversion of 78ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140 141Israeli-Palestinianconflictand12ndash16

23n38 72 73Jewish homeland vs Jewish state and 7

43 44Jewish identity and 215 216Jewish-Muslim relations prior to 11 12

23n37as Jewish nationalism 235nationalist movement of 66ldquonew Jewsrdquo and 111 112origins of 87

as Palestinian disaster 211parallels to back-to-Africa movement

80 81pioneering mentality 7 21n21psychology of 101rejection of 212 213safety and 216ndash219as self-ghettoization 212ndash216shared ancestry with Palestinians and

14 15Six Day War and 124socialist labor variant of 101universal vs particular in 214 215use of force and 15 24n54

Zionist Commission for Palestine 91 92Zionist Congress eighth (1907) 196Zionist Congress fifth (1901) 89Zionist Congress first (1897) 87 88 196Zionist Organization 87ndash89 91 92 97Zionists See also Zionism

Christian 12 208 225n7expulsion of Palestinians by (See

expulsion of Palestinians)Partition Plan and 102in pre-state period 87ndash93 98 102ldquosoftrdquo 211 226n23in United States 208 225n7

Zochrot (Remembrance) 28 43 237 242Zonszein Mairav 245n30

• REFERENCES
• INDEX

INDEX

291

The Law In These Parts 187League of Nations

failure to prevent war 51mandatory system 89 95Palestine Mandate 20 89

Lebanonagricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103Christian groups in 138in decolonization era 116 117Israeli invasion of 182Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 137 138 141 142political compromises in 182refugee camps in 9 118 121 137 138

141unrest in 154

legal and advocacy tools for change 238 239

Letters of Mutual Recognition 161 162Leunig Michael 3Levi Primo 185 216Leviev 240Levy Gideon 216Liberia 79 80 81Libya 154Lifta (village) 31 43Likud Party 60Little Town of Bethlehem (film) 231Lubavitcher Jews 77 78Lydda ethnic cleansing of 155 156 211

212

MMadrid Conference 153 159 160Maghreb 112 113Maghrebi neighborhood in East Jerusalem

133Magnes Judah 43 211Maher Bill 57Mahmoud (al Walajeh resident) 30 31Maimonides 214 216Mali 154Malthus Thomas 239Mamdani Mahmood 53 70n81

Mamilla Cemetery Jerusalem 61Mandate Palestine See British Mandatory

PalestineMandela Nelson 50 188 189Mandelbaum Gate 221Mansfield Michael 236 237Maquiladoras 224market systems global 222Marshall George C 103Marx Karl 73 77 216Massachusetts Bay Colony 78Massad Joseph 77Maureenrsquos story 220 224Mauritania 154 160Mavi Marmara (ship) 141 168mawat 134McCarthyism 78McMahon Henry 95media mainstream 4 28Mekorot 240Merchant of Venice (Shakespeare) 74 75Mexico 224Middle Ages 12 23n37militarism 182 223 224Mirarsquos story 216 217Misgav Uri 186Modirsquoin Illit settlement 157Molad 243monotheism 214 220 221Moroccan Quarter in East Jerusalem

133Morocco 154 160Morris Benny 22n24 107n75 186

209 211Motorola sanctions against 240Moving Towards Home (Jordan) 56mowing the lawn 153 168Moynihan Daniel Patrick 228n65Mubarak Hosni 141Multi-National Peacekeeping force

138multiculturalism 55 56 78 79Museum of Tolerance 61Museum on the Seam 221Muslim Brotherhood 156Muslims

Arab 58

INDEX

292

Islamic waqf of 8 18 52Jews and prior to Zionism 11 12

23n37Palestinian factions of 136population transfers 64world population of 10

Mussolini Benito 64My Promised Land (Shavit) 211

NNabi Saleh West Bank

Halamish settlement and 29protests and demonstrations in 183 239spring water access in 29 38 40 183tear gas canister garlands in 241Zionist observations of 212

Nablus West Bank 12 32 46 48n64 161Nader Ralph 5Nakba (the Catastrophe) See also War of

Independenceagreement of facts about 18 24 25n64

180beginning of 102 107n67end of 8 9Israeli school curriculum and 237Jaffa and 34 212Operation Dani in 155 156 170n43Palestinians displaced in 113 155 156

197Palestinians in Israel following 118 119planting over villages destroyed in 90soft Zionism and 211Soviet military aid to Israel during 115statistics on 22n23Zochrot and 43

Nakhleh Khalil 220Nasser Daoud 33Nasser Gamal Abdel 117 118 122ndash124

136Nasserism 97nation and nationalism 50 62ndash66

history of 64 65human rights violations and 64 65language and 65mediating institutions 63 70n76in Middle East 65modern nation states 63 70n74 76

Palestinians and 235prehistory to nationalism 70n80racialclassificationcomparedto64religion and 64Zionism and 235

Nation of Islam 77national identity 113 114National Priority Areas (NPA) 131Native Americans 58 68n44 227n39Nazis 185 186 210Negev Israel

Bedouins in 41 91human rights groups and 4Judaization of 16 41 91 131oil possibilities in 116Palestinian community in 28Peel Commission Report and 99refugees from 24n52

Negotiations Support Unit of PA 51neocolonialism 53 56Nestlersquos boycott against 240Netanyahu Benjamin

Abu Mazen and 151American-Israeli relations and 227n50Bar Ilan University speech and 163Oslo process and 161pacificationofPalestiniansand32post-post-Zionism and 21n21violence and 155

Neuhaus Richard John 70n76ldquonew Jewsrdquo 111 112 192New York Times 5 32NGOs See non-governmental organizations

(NGOs)Nicaragua 183Nilirsquoin (village) 40 183 239911 terrorist attacks 59 61 78 157 163972 Magazine 32Nixon Richard 138Nobel Peace Prize (1979) 140non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

Israeli 28 40 43Palestinian 40 47n35 199social justice and 222 223 229n74tools for change and 237 238

Nordau Max 88 195 196Noriega Manuel 183

INDEX

293

North Africa 112Northern Ireland 12Norway 240NPA (National Priority Areas) 131nuclear weapons 217 218 228n56Nueva Vida 229n75

oObama Barack 79observer entity Palestine as 139 167 181observer state Palestine as 19 165 167

181 218 219Occupation 129ndash144 See also Israeli set-

tlementsas apartheid (See apartheid)bilateral challenges and 179 180domestic challenges and 180effects on agriculture of Palestinians

142 146n81as elephant in the room 6establishment of 86in Israeli textbooks xvIsraelis opposed to 28 36 38 183 193

218Israelrsquos establishment of 130ndash135oppression of Palestinians and 12 15

16 27 28 46n2 90permitting processes in 198planning and implementation of 132

133resistance by Palestinians 5 135ndash138soft Zionism and 211superpowers and 134ndash136tragic spiral and 138ndash144as trap 7witnessing by American Jewish leaders

238Occupied Golan Heights See Golan HeightsOccupied Palestinian Territories See also

Gaza West Bankldquobreak their bonesrdquo Israeli conduct in

150 156containment within 33ndash39dangers to Israel in 183 217 218geographic divides and 154 155 158

191Israeli control of 20

Israelrsquos encouragement of settlements within 54

population in 9 10OCHA (UN Office for the Coordination of

Humanitarian Affairs) 43oil interests 59 115 116ldquooil shockrdquo 139Ojibwa people 227n39Okin Susan Muller 55 56Old New Land (Herzl) 196Old Testament 11ldquoolimrdquo 78Olim Berlin 78Olim Prague 78Olmert Ehud 45 187 190Olympics in Munich (1972) 137Oman 154 160Omar (film) 41one-state solution See also two-state solu-

tionalternatives to 70n87apartheid and 242civil rights struggle and 44 166 167

243increased interest in 66Transjordan option and 20

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 69n54 139

Open Hillels 44 239Operation Cast Lead

criticism of Israel and 182FreeGazaflotillaand168genocide comparisons 186ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163trip to PalestineIsrael during 71Zionist defense of 215

Operation Dani 155 156 170n43Operation Defensive Shield 151 182Operation Pillar of Defense 153 163 182Operation Protective Edge

anti-Semitism and 61BDS and sanctions and 165British support for Gaza in 219cause of 166FreeGazaflotillaand168

INDEX

294

Gaza as a woman and 57genocide comparisons 186Israeli militarism and 182ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163skepticism about 209US suspension of air travel during 239Zionist defense of 215

ldquoOreosrdquo 75Organization of Petroleum Exporting

Countries (OPEC) 69n54 139orientalism 58Orthodox Jews 32 47n40 48n64 77

78 100 101 113 See also ultra-Orthodox Jews

Oslo AccordsCamp David Summit and 162failure of 161 162 164Netanyahu and 161Palestinian acceptance of 19peace process and 155settlement expansion after 152Taba negotiations and 51two-state solution and 65 159 160 161water shortages and 161 164West Bank divisions and 10 104 161

164otherness embracing of 77ndash79Ottoman Empire

Arab revolt against 95 96dismemberment of lands of 94 95end of 76 91 92Herzl and 88land laws 134 141land records from 33ruling of land of IsraelPalestine 13 64Tanzimat reforms 93 94

Oz Amos 212

Ppacification 32 33 99 150Pakistan 64Palestine See also IsraelPalestine

Occupied Palestinian Territories Palestinians

as choice for Jewish homeland 80

Christian communities in 8competing claims on 8 13 52 65 232de-Arabization of 100 102 117history of 234Jewish communities in 8 12 92 96ldquoland without a peoplerdquo 207 225n4news coverage of 5as observer entity 139 167 181as observer state 19 165 167 181 218

219Peel Commission Report and 98 99in pre-state period 96ndash100UN designation of land for 8villages destroyed in 9 22n24 103Zionist immigration to 87 89 91 92

98 100Palestine Arab Congress 97Palestine Arab Delegation 85Palestine Fair Trade Association 40Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

commitments of declared by Arafat 162diverse factions of 136 137elections awaited by 199formation of 122 136as independent national authority 139

140 159Jordan and 136 137Lebanon and 137 138 141 142merging with Fatah 122 136national unity and 243Rabat Declaration and 158two-state solution and 65United States exclusion of 143 144

153 160weakening in Ramallah 158

Palestine National Congress (PNC) 143Palestine Office 91 92Palestine Peace not Apartheid (Carter) 189Palestine Strategy Study Group 243Palestine Zionist Executive 92Palestinian Authority

Adnanrsquos story and 51applications to ICC and ICJ 165 238establishment of 159 161national unity and 243Oslo agreements and 19 164Rome Statue of ICC and 167

INDEX

295

UN and 183 198 199Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) 156Palestinian Legislative Council 166 199

243Palestinian National Council 199 243Palestinian Rebellion 100Palestinian refugees

appropriation of land from 119discrimination against 131Jewish refugees compared to 113numbers of xviii xviii n14 24n52in refugee camps 9 10 104 118 121right of return xviii n14 15at time of Israeli state formation 103

Palestinian story 109 110Palestinian vs Israeli deaths 184Palestinians See also Palestine

in administrative detention 120child-naming practices 23n32Christian 8 9 33 97 183 218civilian casualties 55containment of 33ndash39creativity and resilience of 40ndash43as demographic threat 217 218Diaspora community of 104 239 241discrimination against 131 132distribution in IsraelPalestine 9educational attainment of xviii 28 40

46n6 72 238efforts to pacify 141 142elections held by 165 166expulsion of (See expulsion of

Palestinians)food shortages and 187 188 196General Strike by 98globalization and 223 224Hamas charter statements 18human rights violations by 54 55

67n24internal displacement of 9 24n52 34

90 103 118 119in Israel following Nakba 118 119as Israeli citizens 114 119 120

130ndash132 182 183 191Israeli state creation and 118ndash122killed and wounded in Gaza 32Kuwaitrsquos expulsion of 144

land captured from 92lobbying efforts to British 97as long term residents of IsraelPalestine

13media presentation of 28under military rule 119 120 130 132

191 197 198mob killings by 100 101Muslim 9 97 183national identity of 65 66 96 97 235need for national unity 243Occupation and (See under Occupation)pacificationof3233peace process and 154ndash158 164population of xvii xviii n13in pre-state period 89 96ndash102prohibited to live with spouses 31proverb 231refugees (See Palestinian refugees)as ldquoresidentsrdquo of East Jerusalem 130

133Resolution 242 and 135rock-throwing by children 5safety of 217 219self-determination pursuit by 16shared ancestry with Jews 14 15Six Day War and 124 130stereotypes of 5 7storyofdifficultiesinsharing4ndash6

PalTel 40pan-Arabism 97 117 123 136 235Panama 183Pappe Ilan 186 198Paradise Now (film) 41Paraguay 165particularism 212 213 214 217Partition Plan 102 115 116 141Patinkin Mandy 165Paulrsquos story 27 43peace camp 33 34peace process 149ndash168

changing boundaries and 104failure of 168firstIntifada and 155human rights and 164ndash168Israelis and 150ndash153 160 163 164Palestinians and 154ndash158 164

INDEX

296

superpowers and 153 154tragic spiral 155ndash164United States and 144 152

Peel Commission Report 65 98ndash100 197Peled-Elhanan Nurit xvPeled-Elhanan Smadar xvPeled Matti xvPeled Miko xvPeled Yoav xvpension funds and BDS 240permitting processes 198Peru 165Peterrsquos story 63PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of

Palestine) 136 156Philistines 13Picot Francois Georges 94PIJ (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) 156Pilgrims American 78pine trees planted in Palestine 90pink-washing 47n40Pinochet Augusto 214 215Pitersberg Gabriel 61Plan Dalet (Plan D) 102 103 107n75PLO See Palestine Liberation Organization

(PLO)PNC (Palestine National Congress) 143Poitier Sidney 81n10Poland 64political Islam

American race relations and 59Arab states and 244blacks as superpatriots and 62otherness and 78Palestinianflirtationwith16235pan-Arab unity and 97

politicide 199polytheism 214Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

(PFLP) 136 156population transfers 16 20 54 64 99 197post-post-Zionism 21 22n21post-Zionism 21n21Powell Colin 62pre-state period in history of Zionism

great powers in 93ndash96Palestinians in 96ndash100

tragic spiral 100ndash105Zionists in 87ndash93

present absentees 118 119price tag attacks 32Prince Stephen 177prophetic vs Constantinian Judaism 227n45protection gap 121Proust Marcel 216psychological warfare 188Ptolemy 49

QQalandiya checkpoint 149 235 236Qalqilya West Bank 161Qatar 160Qibya West Bank 117Quakers 240Qurrsquoan 11Quran Fadi 40

RR2P (Responsibility to Protect) 53Rabat Declaration 139 140 159Rabin Yitzhak 155 156 161 162 170n43race 50 56ndash62

anti-Arab racism 59ndash62 196 197blacks as superpatriots 62invidious nature of distinctions 58power and 58 59relations in the United States 59scientificdefinitionof5862as social construction 58 190

racial privilege 58 59racism 59ndash62 181 190 196 197 218Rakeek Mariam Abu 28Ramallah West Bank 28 161 183 241Ramle ethnic cleansing of 155 156Ras a-Tire (village) 157Rashomon effect 177Ravitch Diane 212Rawabi West Bank 223realpolitik 6 233Reconstruction failure of 79Red Scare 78Reel Bad Arabs (documentary) 5reform 75ndash77 81nn9amp10Reformation 87

INDEX

297

refugee campsexpelled Palestinians in 9 10 104 118

121numbers in 24n52rationing of water and electricity to 191in surrounding countries 9 10 24n52

104 118 121 141in West Bank and Gaza 9 24n52 118

Refugee Convention of 1951 121 122Refugee Protocol (1967) 121 122regional power struggles 179religion

human rights and 52 53nationalism and 64

resistance as a tool for change 239Responsibility to Protect (R2P) 53Ricardo David 239Rice Condoleezza 62Richardrsquos story 3 4Rihanna 165Riwaq 40Road Map 163Romania 182Romanov empire 64Rome Statute of ICC 167Roots (TV mini-series) 80Rose Tricia 82n19Ruffalo Mark 165Ruppin Arthur 195 196Russell Tribunal 190 236Russia

alliance with Egypt 137ndash139Cold War and 115global economy and 59Herzl and 88Jewish immigrants from 152 160peace process and 159 160recognition of Israel 116Six Day War and 123 124Sykes-Picot Agreement and 94 95WWI and 88 89

Al Ruwwad Childrenrsquos Dance Theater 42

Sal Sabawi Khaled 42Sabeel 186Sabra 111

Sabra refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Sadat Anwar 140 244safety promise of 216ndash219Said Edward 164ndash166Said-Foqahaa Nader 129 130Salaita Steven 242Samaritans 12 46 48n64Samuel Herbert 88Santayana George 234ldquoSaturday Night Massacrerdquo 138Saudi Arabia 103 116 154 179school bus crash 18secessionist movements 64second (Al Aqsa) Intifada See Intifada

secondsecular humanism 220 221 See also

universalismuniversal humanismSegev Tom 15 111 216self-ghettoization Zionism as 212ndash216separation barrier Israeli

around homes 39attempts to breach 192containment and 33ICJ on 157 218national security as rationale for 156

179Palestinian labor exclusion and 192protests and 40roboticization of 242suicide bombings and 156 171n54

September 11 terrorist attacks See 911 terrorist attacks

service work as a tool for change 239settler only roads 134 191Shaftsbury Earl of 225n4Shah of Iran 141 159Shahian Abdel Aziz 25n74Shakespeare William 74 75Shamir Yitzhak 194Shamir Yoav 181Shapira Anita 24n54 101 107n63Shapira Yonatan 57 231Sharon Ariel

counter-proposal to two-state solution 143

election of 163

INDEX

298

Gazan resistance and 158massacre in Qibya and 117pacificationofWestBankand141refugee camp massacres and 138second Intifada and 157settlement building and 134war on Arab terror and 61

Shatila refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Shavit Ari 101 105n6 180 211 212Sheikh Jerrah East Jerusalem 38 39Shepherd Matthew 210Sherwood Harriet 22 23n26 225n14Shlaim Avi 99Shula Alonirsquos story 189shuttle diplomacy 163Shylock (in Merchant of Venice) 74 75Siegman Henry 218 219Sierra Leone 79Simon Wiesenthal Center 61Sinai Peninsula 134 135 138 139 140Six Day War (1967)

as ldquodefensive warrdquo 123 133expulsions during 197Israeli control of historic Palestine and

9 15 45 124 130 182situation leading to 122ndash124

slavery 5 58 73 76 79Slovak Republic 64Smith Adam 239Smith Charles D 137Sneh Ephraim 180 181 227n50social media positive effects of 222 See

also Facebook postssocialism 76 77 101 110sociocide as term xv 198 199 236 See

also ethnic cleansingsociocidesoft Zionism 211 226n23Somoza Anastasio 183South Africa apartheid system in 12 45

153 186 188ndash193 233 234Soviet Union

Cold War and 114 115 117 118 152collapse of 61 144 152invasion of Hungary 118 124Jews from 92Occupation and resistance and 134

peace process and 159 160spaciocide 199Spain 64 65 159 160 240sperm smuggling 242Spielberg Steven 79Spinoza Baruch 73 216starvation 187 188 196State of Emergency 119 130State Stamp Law (1949) 132Straights of Tiran 123 140Straw Jack 96Streisand Barbara 79The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

(Kuhn) 132Sudan 154Suez Canal 118 123 140 182Suez Crisis xvisuicide bombings xv 55 156 192summer circus camp 42sumud 16supermarket chains and BDS 240superpowers

in ancient IsraelPalestine 13ascollectiveactorinconflict10ndash13in decolonization era 114ndash118misuse of human rights doctrines 53 56Occupation and resistance and 134ndash136peace process and 153 154in pre-state period 93ndash96recent domination in Palestine 13 16two-state solution and 151

Sykes Mark 94Sykes-Picot agreement 88 94ndash97Syria

agricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103civil war in 182claim on Golan Heights 9 23n26 152conflictin18current 141in decolonization era 116 117Egyptrsquos rivalry with 122Fatah support by 122Madrid Conference and 160Palestine imagined as province of 97refugee camps in 9 10 118 121

INDEX

299

refugees from 182Resolution 242 and 139 140Six Day War and 123 124support of Palestinian factions by 122

136unrest in 154Yom Kippur War and 138

TTaba Talks of 2001 162 163Tacitus 149Tahrir Square 222Tamimi Bassem 207 219Tamimi Bilal and Manal 38Tamimi Mostafa 38Tanzimat reforms 93ldquoTaxirdquo (Hammad) 56Taybeh Beer Brewery 40Teach for America 60Tel Aviv boardwalk 35Tel Aviv Israel 43 112 156 193 239Ten Point Program 146n71Tent of Nations 33 34Tessler Mark 17Thant U 123three-family story 194 195Three Norsquos of Khartoum 19 135Thucydides 129Transjordan option 20 25n75transnational market forces 6tribalism 213 214 217Truman Doctrine 115Truman Harry 115 116truth and reconciliation commissions 6Tulkarem West Bank 161 241Tunis Tunisia 143 155Tunisia

Arab Spring in 154Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 138 142 154 155

TurkeyArab Jews in 112aspirations of 179FreeGazaflotillaand168173n117ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140Israeli alliance with 117 141

population transfers and 64Turks See Ottoman EmpireTutu Desmond 3 189 19024 (TV show) 62two-state solution See also one-state

solutionalternatives to 70n87 166apartheid and 190failure of 66First Intifada and 143great powers and 151Green Line and 8 9 19 43human rights standards and 10Israeli settlements and 133 134land division and 43national liberation struggle and 243origins and resurfacing of 65Rabat Declaration and 159Resolution 181 and 235

Tzabar Shimon 129

UUAR (United Arab Republic) 118 122 123UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human

Rights) 50ndash52 56Uganda 8 14 80 87Ukraine 64 92Ulpan plan 92Ulrichrsquos story 185ultra-Orthodox Jews 31 35 77 78 101

See also Orthodox JewsUm al Fahm Israel 194 195Um Kammal 38 39UN Human Rights Commission 61UN Conciliation Commission on Palestine

(UNCCP) 121 122UN General Assembly

admission of PLO 139 167on Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54recognition of Palestine as observer

state 218 219Resolution 181 8 65 101 115

135 235UN High Commissioner for Refugees

(UNHCR) 121 122UN Human Rights Council 181

INDEX

300

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) 43

UN Relief Works Agency (UNRWA) xviii n14 22n23 121 122

UN Security Councilon Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54Resolution 242 134 135 162Resolution 338 162

UNESCO 167 181United Arab Emirates 65United Arab Republic (UAR) 118 122 123United Kingdom 64 65United Nations

at Madrid Conference 160Palestinian Authority and 199partitioning of historic Palestine 8 101

121protocols for protecting refugees 121refugee camps 104Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(UDHR) 50upgrading of Palestinersquos status 181 182Zionism and 214

United StatesAmerican Indians in 58 68n44anti-Arab anti-Muslim prejudice in

59ndash62Arab world awareness in 209Arafat and PLO rejected by 143 144

153 160arms delivery delays by 239BDS precedents in 240Bill of Rights 51blacks as superpatriots in 62blindness and deafness in 236Cold War and 115 117 118 124 139

152colonies in 219Declaration of Independence 68n44Egypt rejected by 117 118GI Bill of Rights 58grassroots social movements in 222Great Society project 228n65human rights standards ignored by 241Immigration and Nationality Act of

1965 58

importanceinconflict243244Israel as liability to 182Israeli-American alliance 116 138 139

152 153 217 227n50Israelrsquos special relationship with 98Jewish community in 44 80 89 91

114 116military aid to Egypt 140Occupation and resistance and 134occupation of Germany 132operations in IsraelPalestine 13 16Palestinian Authority and 161Palestinian elections and 166peace process and 144 152 153

158ndash160race riot responses in 150restrictive immigration policies 111Six Day War and 124suspension of air travel to Tel Aviv 239

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 50ndash52 56

universal jurisdiction 214 215universalismuniversal humanism 46 214

217universities and BDS 240university campuses prejudice on 59 60Uris Leon 208Uruguay 165US State Department 32USAID 229n74Use of Hebrew Date Law (1998) 132Ussishkin Menachem 195 196

VVenezuela 165Veolia 240Verwoerd Hendrik 189veteranrsquos preference 131Vietnam French in 219Vietnam War 134Vietnamese Liberation Front 124vigilantism 32 241 245n30village leagues 141violence

ahistorical presentation of 5resistance and 183state-sponsored 222

INDEX

301

vigilante 32voter suppression 76 82n13

WWadi al Narsquoam Israel 42Wadi Rasha (village) 157Wailing (Western) Wall in Old City 100

112al Walajeh (village) 30 31 133Waltz with Bashir (film) 219Wannsee Conference 187waqf Islamic 8 18 52War of Independence 8 9 103 111 115

116 182 See also Nakba (the Catastrophe)

water shortages 161 164Watergate scandal 138Waxmann Rivka and Haim 109ldquoWe Killed Jesus Wersquore Proud of Itrdquo

(YouTube video) 18Weber Max 49 81n6Weissglass Dov 158 159 187Weizmann Chaim 88 195 196West Bank

division into areas 10 104 161 164efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143efforts to pacify 141firstIntifada and 154 155free trade zones in 224Israeli control of 139 140 150Jewish settlements in 22 23n26 29

133 134 152Jordanian control of 8 9 104 117 118

135 137negotiations and 153new city in 224Palestinian population in 9refugee camps in 9 118Samaritans in 12 46 48n64separation barrier appropriation of land

in 156two-state solution and 159vigilante violence in 32

West Beirut Lebanon 138Western Sahara 154

White Paper of 1921 98 99White Paper of 1939 100 111Who Profits 28 43 239 242Wilson Woodrow 89witchcraft accusations of Pilgrims 78Wolfe Alan 214womenrsquos movement American 222World Trade Organization (WTO) 59 179

222World War I 88 89 94World War II

American occupation of Germany after 132

Great Britain and 104human rights framework and 51 53racial disadvantage after 74reduced to Holocaust 61Zionism and 8 100 101 111

World Zionist Organization (WZO) 87ndash89 234

WTO (the World Trade Organization) 59 179 222

Wye River memorandum 162WZO (World Zionist Organization) 87ndash89

234

YYad Larsquoachim 245n30Yasminersquos story 71 72Yehoshua AB 215Yemen 112 154Yiftachel Oren 243Yishuv 91 100 101 197Yitzachi Aryeh 109Yom Kippur War (1973) 69n54 138 139

182 231 232Young Cynthia 62Yugoslavia 64Yurirsquos story 57Yuvalrsquos story 231 232

ZZangwill Israel 195 196 207 225n4Zapatistas 222Zeidan Mohammad 131Ziadeh Rafif 41

INDEX

302

Zionism 71ndash82 207ndash224 See also pre-state period in history of Zionism Zionists

claim to ownership of IsraelPalestine 13 65 66

as colonization 178contradictions of 195ndash197criticism of 209ethnic cleansing and 196 208ndash212fear of assimilation and 87genocide framework and 186 187global empires and 64globalization and 220ndash224history of 7 8 234 235Holocaust and 8 73 100 101 208ndash211human rights violations and 7inversion of 78ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140 141Israeli-Palestinianconflictand12ndash16

23n38 72 73Jewish homeland vs Jewish state and 7

43 44Jewish identity and 215 216Jewish-Muslim relations prior to 11 12

23n37as Jewish nationalism 235nationalist movement of 66ldquonew Jewsrdquo and 111 112origins of 87

as Palestinian disaster 211parallels to back-to-Africa movement

80 81pioneering mentality 7 21n21psychology of 101rejection of 212 213safety and 216ndash219as self-ghettoization 212ndash216shared ancestry with Palestinians and

14 15Six Day War and 124socialist labor variant of 101universal vs particular in 214 215use of force and 15 24n54

Zionist Commission for Palestine 91 92Zionist Congress eighth (1907) 196Zionist Congress fifth (1901) 89Zionist Congress first (1897) 87 88 196Zionist Organization 87ndash89 91 92 97Zionists See also Zionism

Christian 12 208 225n7expulsion of Palestinians by (See

expulsion of Palestinians)Partition Plan and 102in pre-state period 87ndash93 98 102ldquosoftrdquo 211 226n23in United States 208 225n7

Zochrot (Remembrance) 28 43 237 242Zonszein Mairav 245n30

• REFERENCES
• INDEX

INDEX

292

Islamic waqf of 8 18 52Jews and prior to Zionism 11 12

23n37Palestinian factions of 136population transfers 64world population of 10

Mussolini Benito 64My Promised Land (Shavit) 211

NNabi Saleh West Bank

Halamish settlement and 29protests and demonstrations in 183 239spring water access in 29 38 40 183tear gas canister garlands in 241Zionist observations of 212

Nablus West Bank 12 32 46 48n64 161Nader Ralph 5Nakba (the Catastrophe) See also War of

Independenceagreement of facts about 18 24 25n64

180beginning of 102 107n67end of 8 9Israeli school curriculum and 237Jaffa and 34 212Operation Dani in 155 156 170n43Palestinians displaced in 113 155 156

197Palestinians in Israel following 118 119planting over villages destroyed in 90soft Zionism and 211Soviet military aid to Israel during 115statistics on 22n23Zochrot and 43

Nakhleh Khalil 220Nasser Daoud 33Nasser Gamal Abdel 117 118 122ndash124

136Nasserism 97nation and nationalism 50 62ndash66

history of 64 65human rights violations and 64 65language and 65mediating institutions 63 70n76in Middle East 65modern nation states 63 70n74 76

Palestinians and 235prehistory to nationalism 70n80racialclassificationcomparedto64religion and 64Zionism and 235

Nation of Islam 77national identity 113 114National Priority Areas (NPA) 131Native Americans 58 68n44 227n39Nazis 185 186 210Negev Israel

Bedouins in 41 91human rights groups and 4Judaization of 16 41 91 131oil possibilities in 116Palestinian community in 28Peel Commission Report and 99refugees from 24n52

Negotiations Support Unit of PA 51neocolonialism 53 56Nestlersquos boycott against 240Netanyahu Benjamin

Abu Mazen and 151American-Israeli relations and 227n50Bar Ilan University speech and 163Oslo process and 161pacificationofPalestiniansand32post-post-Zionism and 21n21violence and 155

Neuhaus Richard John 70n76ldquonew Jewsrdquo 111 112 192New York Times 5 32NGOs See non-governmental organizations

(NGOs)Nicaragua 183Nilirsquoin (village) 40 183 239911 terrorist attacks 59 61 78 157 163972 Magazine 32Nixon Richard 138Nobel Peace Prize (1979) 140non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

Israeli 28 40 43Palestinian 40 47n35 199social justice and 222 223 229n74tools for change and 237 238

Nordau Max 88 195 196Noriega Manuel 183

INDEX

293

North Africa 112Northern Ireland 12Norway 240NPA (National Priority Areas) 131nuclear weapons 217 218 228n56Nueva Vida 229n75

oObama Barack 79observer entity Palestine as 139 167 181observer state Palestine as 19 165 167

181 218 219Occupation 129ndash144 See also Israeli set-

tlementsas apartheid (See apartheid)bilateral challenges and 179 180domestic challenges and 180effects on agriculture of Palestinians

142 146n81as elephant in the room 6establishment of 86in Israeli textbooks xvIsraelis opposed to 28 36 38 183 193

218Israelrsquos establishment of 130ndash135oppression of Palestinians and 12 15

16 27 28 46n2 90permitting processes in 198planning and implementation of 132

133resistance by Palestinians 5 135ndash138soft Zionism and 211superpowers and 134ndash136tragic spiral and 138ndash144as trap 7witnessing by American Jewish leaders

238Occupied Golan Heights See Golan HeightsOccupied Palestinian Territories See also

Gaza West Bankldquobreak their bonesrdquo Israeli conduct in

150 156containment within 33ndash39dangers to Israel in 183 217 218geographic divides and 154 155 158

191Israeli control of 20

Israelrsquos encouragement of settlements within 54

population in 9 10OCHA (UN Office for the Coordination of

Humanitarian Affairs) 43oil interests 59 115 116ldquooil shockrdquo 139Ojibwa people 227n39Okin Susan Muller 55 56Old New Land (Herzl) 196Old Testament 11ldquoolimrdquo 78Olim Berlin 78Olim Prague 78Olmert Ehud 45 187 190Olympics in Munich (1972) 137Oman 154 160Omar (film) 41one-state solution See also two-state solu-

tionalternatives to 70n87apartheid and 242civil rights struggle and 44 166 167

243increased interest in 66Transjordan option and 20

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 69n54 139

Open Hillels 44 239Operation Cast Lead

criticism of Israel and 182FreeGazaflotillaand168genocide comparisons 186ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163trip to PalestineIsrael during 71Zionist defense of 215

Operation Dani 155 156 170n43Operation Defensive Shield 151 182Operation Pillar of Defense 153 163 182Operation Protective Edge

anti-Semitism and 61BDS and sanctions and 165British support for Gaza in 219cause of 166FreeGazaflotillaand168

INDEX

294

Gaza as a woman and 57genocide comparisons 186Israeli militarism and 182ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163skepticism about 209US suspension of air travel during 239Zionist defense of 215

ldquoOreosrdquo 75Organization of Petroleum Exporting

Countries (OPEC) 69n54 139orientalism 58Orthodox Jews 32 47n40 48n64 77

78 100 101 113 See also ultra-Orthodox Jews

Oslo AccordsCamp David Summit and 162failure of 161 162 164Netanyahu and 161Palestinian acceptance of 19peace process and 155settlement expansion after 152Taba negotiations and 51two-state solution and 65 159 160 161water shortages and 161 164West Bank divisions and 10 104 161

164otherness embracing of 77ndash79Ottoman Empire

Arab revolt against 95 96dismemberment of lands of 94 95end of 76 91 92Herzl and 88land laws 134 141land records from 33ruling of land of IsraelPalestine 13 64Tanzimat reforms 93 94

Oz Amos 212

Ppacification 32 33 99 150Pakistan 64Palestine See also IsraelPalestine

Occupied Palestinian Territories Palestinians

as choice for Jewish homeland 80

Christian communities in 8competing claims on 8 13 52 65 232de-Arabization of 100 102 117history of 234Jewish communities in 8 12 92 96ldquoland without a peoplerdquo 207 225n4news coverage of 5as observer entity 139 167 181as observer state 19 165 167 181 218

219Peel Commission Report and 98 99in pre-state period 96ndash100UN designation of land for 8villages destroyed in 9 22n24 103Zionist immigration to 87 89 91 92

98 100Palestine Arab Congress 97Palestine Arab Delegation 85Palestine Fair Trade Association 40Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

commitments of declared by Arafat 162diverse factions of 136 137elections awaited by 199formation of 122 136as independent national authority 139

140 159Jordan and 136 137Lebanon and 137 138 141 142merging with Fatah 122 136national unity and 243Rabat Declaration and 158two-state solution and 65United States exclusion of 143 144

153 160weakening in Ramallah 158

Palestine National Congress (PNC) 143Palestine Office 91 92Palestine Peace not Apartheid (Carter) 189Palestine Strategy Study Group 243Palestine Zionist Executive 92Palestinian Authority

Adnanrsquos story and 51applications to ICC and ICJ 165 238establishment of 159 161national unity and 243Oslo agreements and 19 164Rome Statue of ICC and 167

INDEX

295

UN and 183 198 199Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) 156Palestinian Legislative Council 166 199

243Palestinian National Council 199 243Palestinian Rebellion 100Palestinian refugees

appropriation of land from 119discrimination against 131Jewish refugees compared to 113numbers of xviii xviii n14 24n52in refugee camps 9 10 104 118 121right of return xviii n14 15at time of Israeli state formation 103

Palestinian story 109 110Palestinian vs Israeli deaths 184Palestinians See also Palestine

in administrative detention 120child-naming practices 23n32Christian 8 9 33 97 183 218civilian casualties 55containment of 33ndash39creativity and resilience of 40ndash43as demographic threat 217 218Diaspora community of 104 239 241discrimination against 131 132distribution in IsraelPalestine 9educational attainment of xviii 28 40

46n6 72 238efforts to pacify 141 142elections held by 165 166expulsion of (See expulsion of

Palestinians)food shortages and 187 188 196General Strike by 98globalization and 223 224Hamas charter statements 18human rights violations by 54 55

67n24internal displacement of 9 24n52 34

90 103 118 119in Israel following Nakba 118 119as Israeli citizens 114 119 120

130ndash132 182 183 191Israeli state creation and 118ndash122killed and wounded in Gaza 32Kuwaitrsquos expulsion of 144

land captured from 92lobbying efforts to British 97as long term residents of IsraelPalestine

13media presentation of 28under military rule 119 120 130 132

191 197 198mob killings by 100 101Muslim 9 97 183national identity of 65 66 96 97 235need for national unity 243Occupation and (See under Occupation)pacificationof3233peace process and 154ndash158 164population of xvii xviii n13in pre-state period 89 96ndash102prohibited to live with spouses 31proverb 231refugees (See Palestinian refugees)as ldquoresidentsrdquo of East Jerusalem 130

133Resolution 242 and 135rock-throwing by children 5safety of 217 219self-determination pursuit by 16shared ancestry with Jews 14 15Six Day War and 124 130stereotypes of 5 7storyofdifficultiesinsharing4ndash6

PalTel 40pan-Arabism 97 117 123 136 235Panama 183Pappe Ilan 186 198Paradise Now (film) 41Paraguay 165particularism 212 213 214 217Partition Plan 102 115 116 141Patinkin Mandy 165Paulrsquos story 27 43peace camp 33 34peace process 149ndash168

changing boundaries and 104failure of 168firstIntifada and 155human rights and 164ndash168Israelis and 150ndash153 160 163 164Palestinians and 154ndash158 164

INDEX

296

superpowers and 153 154tragic spiral 155ndash164United States and 144 152

Peel Commission Report 65 98ndash100 197Peled-Elhanan Nurit xvPeled-Elhanan Smadar xvPeled Matti xvPeled Miko xvPeled Yoav xvpension funds and BDS 240permitting processes 198Peru 165Peterrsquos story 63PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of

Palestine) 136 156Philistines 13Picot Francois Georges 94PIJ (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) 156Pilgrims American 78pine trees planted in Palestine 90pink-washing 47n40Pinochet Augusto 214 215Pitersberg Gabriel 61Plan Dalet (Plan D) 102 103 107n75PLO See Palestine Liberation Organization

(PLO)PNC (Palestine National Congress) 143Poitier Sidney 81n10Poland 64political Islam

American race relations and 59Arab states and 244blacks as superpatriots and 62otherness and 78Palestinianflirtationwith16235pan-Arab unity and 97

politicide 199polytheism 214Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

(PFLP) 136 156population transfers 16 20 54 64 99 197post-post-Zionism 21 22n21post-Zionism 21n21Powell Colin 62pre-state period in history of Zionism

great powers in 93ndash96Palestinians in 96ndash100

tragic spiral 100ndash105Zionists in 87ndash93

present absentees 118 119price tag attacks 32Prince Stephen 177prophetic vs Constantinian Judaism 227n45protection gap 121Proust Marcel 216psychological warfare 188Ptolemy 49

QQalandiya checkpoint 149 235 236Qalqilya West Bank 161Qatar 160Qibya West Bank 117Quakers 240Qurrsquoan 11Quran Fadi 40

RR2P (Responsibility to Protect) 53Rabat Declaration 139 140 159Rabin Yitzhak 155 156 161 162 170n43race 50 56ndash62

anti-Arab racism 59ndash62 196 197blacks as superpatriots 62invidious nature of distinctions 58power and 58 59relations in the United States 59scientificdefinitionof5862as social construction 58 190

racial privilege 58 59racism 59ndash62 181 190 196 197 218Rakeek Mariam Abu 28Ramallah West Bank 28 161 183 241Ramle ethnic cleansing of 155 156Ras a-Tire (village) 157Rashomon effect 177Ravitch Diane 212Rawabi West Bank 223realpolitik 6 233Reconstruction failure of 79Red Scare 78Reel Bad Arabs (documentary) 5reform 75ndash77 81nn9amp10Reformation 87

INDEX

297

refugee campsexpelled Palestinians in 9 10 104 118

121numbers in 24n52rationing of water and electricity to 191in surrounding countries 9 10 24n52

104 118 121 141in West Bank and Gaza 9 24n52 118

Refugee Convention of 1951 121 122Refugee Protocol (1967) 121 122regional power struggles 179religion

human rights and 52 53nationalism and 64

resistance as a tool for change 239Responsibility to Protect (R2P) 53Ricardo David 239Rice Condoleezza 62Richardrsquos story 3 4Rihanna 165Riwaq 40Road Map 163Romania 182Romanov empire 64Rome Statute of ICC 167Roots (TV mini-series) 80Rose Tricia 82n19Ruffalo Mark 165Ruppin Arthur 195 196Russell Tribunal 190 236Russia

alliance with Egypt 137ndash139Cold War and 115global economy and 59Herzl and 88Jewish immigrants from 152 160peace process and 159 160recognition of Israel 116Six Day War and 123 124Sykes-Picot Agreement and 94 95WWI and 88 89

Al Ruwwad Childrenrsquos Dance Theater 42

Sal Sabawi Khaled 42Sabeel 186Sabra 111

Sabra refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Sadat Anwar 140 244safety promise of 216ndash219Said Edward 164ndash166Said-Foqahaa Nader 129 130Salaita Steven 242Samaritans 12 46 48n64Samuel Herbert 88Santayana George 234ldquoSaturday Night Massacrerdquo 138Saudi Arabia 103 116 154 179school bus crash 18secessionist movements 64second (Al Aqsa) Intifada See Intifada

secondsecular humanism 220 221 See also

universalismuniversal humanismSegev Tom 15 111 216self-ghettoization Zionism as 212ndash216separation barrier Israeli

around homes 39attempts to breach 192containment and 33ICJ on 157 218national security as rationale for 156

179Palestinian labor exclusion and 192protests and 40roboticization of 242suicide bombings and 156 171n54

September 11 terrorist attacks See 911 terrorist attacks

service work as a tool for change 239settler only roads 134 191Shaftsbury Earl of 225n4Shah of Iran 141 159Shahian Abdel Aziz 25n74Shakespeare William 74 75Shamir Yitzhak 194Shamir Yoav 181Shapira Anita 24n54 101 107n63Shapira Yonatan 57 231Sharon Ariel

counter-proposal to two-state solution 143

election of 163

INDEX

298

Gazan resistance and 158massacre in Qibya and 117pacificationofWestBankand141refugee camp massacres and 138second Intifada and 157settlement building and 134war on Arab terror and 61

Shatila refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Shavit Ari 101 105n6 180 211 212Sheikh Jerrah East Jerusalem 38 39Shepherd Matthew 210Sherwood Harriet 22 23n26 225n14Shlaim Avi 99Shula Alonirsquos story 189shuttle diplomacy 163Shylock (in Merchant of Venice) 74 75Siegman Henry 218 219Sierra Leone 79Simon Wiesenthal Center 61Sinai Peninsula 134 135 138 139 140Six Day War (1967)

as ldquodefensive warrdquo 123 133expulsions during 197Israeli control of historic Palestine and

9 15 45 124 130 182situation leading to 122ndash124

slavery 5 58 73 76 79Slovak Republic 64Smith Adam 239Smith Charles D 137Sneh Ephraim 180 181 227n50social media positive effects of 222 See

also Facebook postssocialism 76 77 101 110sociocide as term xv 198 199 236 See

also ethnic cleansingsociocidesoft Zionism 211 226n23Somoza Anastasio 183South Africa apartheid system in 12 45

153 186 188ndash193 233 234Soviet Union

Cold War and 114 115 117 118 152collapse of 61 144 152invasion of Hungary 118 124Jews from 92Occupation and resistance and 134

peace process and 159 160spaciocide 199Spain 64 65 159 160 240sperm smuggling 242Spielberg Steven 79Spinoza Baruch 73 216starvation 187 188 196State of Emergency 119 130State Stamp Law (1949) 132Straights of Tiran 123 140Straw Jack 96Streisand Barbara 79The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

(Kuhn) 132Sudan 154Suez Canal 118 123 140 182Suez Crisis xvisuicide bombings xv 55 156 192summer circus camp 42sumud 16supermarket chains and BDS 240superpowers

in ancient IsraelPalestine 13ascollectiveactorinconflict10ndash13in decolonization era 114ndash118misuse of human rights doctrines 53 56Occupation and resistance and 134ndash136peace process and 153 154in pre-state period 93ndash96recent domination in Palestine 13 16two-state solution and 151

Sykes Mark 94Sykes-Picot agreement 88 94ndash97Syria

agricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103civil war in 182claim on Golan Heights 9 23n26 152conflictin18current 141in decolonization era 116 117Egyptrsquos rivalry with 122Fatah support by 122Madrid Conference and 160Palestine imagined as province of 97refugee camps in 9 10 118 121

INDEX

299

refugees from 182Resolution 242 and 139 140Six Day War and 123 124support of Palestinian factions by 122

136unrest in 154Yom Kippur War and 138

TTaba Talks of 2001 162 163Tacitus 149Tahrir Square 222Tamimi Bassem 207 219Tamimi Bilal and Manal 38Tamimi Mostafa 38Tanzimat reforms 93ldquoTaxirdquo (Hammad) 56Taybeh Beer Brewery 40Teach for America 60Tel Aviv boardwalk 35Tel Aviv Israel 43 112 156 193 239Ten Point Program 146n71Tent of Nations 33 34Tessler Mark 17Thant U 123three-family story 194 195Three Norsquos of Khartoum 19 135Thucydides 129Transjordan option 20 25n75transnational market forces 6tribalism 213 214 217Truman Doctrine 115Truman Harry 115 116truth and reconciliation commissions 6Tulkarem West Bank 161 241Tunis Tunisia 143 155Tunisia

Arab Spring in 154Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 138 142 154 155

TurkeyArab Jews in 112aspirations of 179FreeGazaflotillaand168173n117ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140Israeli alliance with 117 141

population transfers and 64Turks See Ottoman EmpireTutu Desmond 3 189 19024 (TV show) 62two-state solution See also one-state

solutionalternatives to 70n87 166apartheid and 190failure of 66First Intifada and 143great powers and 151Green Line and 8 9 19 43human rights standards and 10Israeli settlements and 133 134land division and 43national liberation struggle and 243origins and resurfacing of 65Rabat Declaration and 159Resolution 181 and 235

Tzabar Shimon 129

UUAR (United Arab Republic) 118 122 123UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human

Rights) 50ndash52 56Uganda 8 14 80 87Ukraine 64 92Ulpan plan 92Ulrichrsquos story 185ultra-Orthodox Jews 31 35 77 78 101

See also Orthodox JewsUm al Fahm Israel 194 195Um Kammal 38 39UN Human Rights Commission 61UN Conciliation Commission on Palestine

(UNCCP) 121 122UN General Assembly

admission of PLO 139 167on Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54recognition of Palestine as observer

state 218 219Resolution 181 8 65 101 115

135 235UN High Commissioner for Refugees

(UNHCR) 121 122UN Human Rights Council 181

INDEX

300

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) 43

UN Relief Works Agency (UNRWA) xviii n14 22n23 121 122

UN Security Councilon Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54Resolution 242 134 135 162Resolution 338 162

UNESCO 167 181United Arab Emirates 65United Arab Republic (UAR) 118 122 123United Kingdom 64 65United Nations

at Madrid Conference 160Palestinian Authority and 199partitioning of historic Palestine 8 101

121protocols for protecting refugees 121refugee camps 104Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(UDHR) 50upgrading of Palestinersquos status 181 182Zionism and 214

United StatesAmerican Indians in 58 68n44anti-Arab anti-Muslim prejudice in

59ndash62Arab world awareness in 209Arafat and PLO rejected by 143 144

153 160arms delivery delays by 239BDS precedents in 240Bill of Rights 51blacks as superpatriots in 62blindness and deafness in 236Cold War and 115 117 118 124 139

152colonies in 219Declaration of Independence 68n44Egypt rejected by 117 118GI Bill of Rights 58grassroots social movements in 222Great Society project 228n65human rights standards ignored by 241Immigration and Nationality Act of

1965 58

importanceinconflict243244Israel as liability to 182Israeli-American alliance 116 138 139

152 153 217 227n50Israelrsquos special relationship with 98Jewish community in 44 80 89 91

114 116military aid to Egypt 140Occupation and resistance and 134occupation of Germany 132operations in IsraelPalestine 13 16Palestinian Authority and 161Palestinian elections and 166peace process and 144 152 153

158ndash160race riot responses in 150restrictive immigration policies 111Six Day War and 124suspension of air travel to Tel Aviv 239

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 50ndash52 56

universal jurisdiction 214 215universalismuniversal humanism 46 214

217universities and BDS 240university campuses prejudice on 59 60Uris Leon 208Uruguay 165US State Department 32USAID 229n74Use of Hebrew Date Law (1998) 132Ussishkin Menachem 195 196

VVenezuela 165Veolia 240Verwoerd Hendrik 189veteranrsquos preference 131Vietnam French in 219Vietnam War 134Vietnamese Liberation Front 124vigilantism 32 241 245n30village leagues 141violence

ahistorical presentation of 5resistance and 183state-sponsored 222

INDEX

301

vigilante 32voter suppression 76 82n13

WWadi al Narsquoam Israel 42Wadi Rasha (village) 157Wailing (Western) Wall in Old City 100

112al Walajeh (village) 30 31 133Waltz with Bashir (film) 219Wannsee Conference 187waqf Islamic 8 18 52War of Independence 8 9 103 111 115

116 182 See also Nakba (the Catastrophe)

water shortages 161 164Watergate scandal 138Waxmann Rivka and Haim 109ldquoWe Killed Jesus Wersquore Proud of Itrdquo

(YouTube video) 18Weber Max 49 81n6Weissglass Dov 158 159 187Weizmann Chaim 88 195 196West Bank

division into areas 10 104 161 164efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143efforts to pacify 141firstIntifada and 154 155free trade zones in 224Israeli control of 139 140 150Jewish settlements in 22 23n26 29

133 134 152Jordanian control of 8 9 104 117 118

135 137negotiations and 153new city in 224Palestinian population in 9refugee camps in 9 118Samaritans in 12 46 48n64separation barrier appropriation of land

in 156two-state solution and 159vigilante violence in 32

West Beirut Lebanon 138Western Sahara 154

White Paper of 1921 98 99White Paper of 1939 100 111Who Profits 28 43 239 242Wilson Woodrow 89witchcraft accusations of Pilgrims 78Wolfe Alan 214womenrsquos movement American 222World Trade Organization (WTO) 59 179

222World War I 88 89 94World War II

American occupation of Germany after 132

Great Britain and 104human rights framework and 51 53racial disadvantage after 74reduced to Holocaust 61Zionism and 8 100 101 111

World Zionist Organization (WZO) 87ndash89 234

WTO (the World Trade Organization) 59 179 222

Wye River memorandum 162WZO (World Zionist Organization) 87ndash89

234

YYad Larsquoachim 245n30Yasminersquos story 71 72Yehoshua AB 215Yemen 112 154Yiftachel Oren 243Yishuv 91 100 101 197Yitzachi Aryeh 109Yom Kippur War (1973) 69n54 138 139

182 231 232Young Cynthia 62Yugoslavia 64Yurirsquos story 57Yuvalrsquos story 231 232

ZZangwill Israel 195 196 207 225n4Zapatistas 222Zeidan Mohammad 131Ziadeh Rafif 41

INDEX

302

Zionism 71ndash82 207ndash224 See also pre-state period in history of Zionism Zionists

claim to ownership of IsraelPalestine 13 65 66

as colonization 178contradictions of 195ndash197criticism of 209ethnic cleansing and 196 208ndash212fear of assimilation and 87genocide framework and 186 187global empires and 64globalization and 220ndash224history of 7 8 234 235Holocaust and 8 73 100 101 208ndash211human rights violations and 7inversion of 78ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140 141Israeli-Palestinianconflictand12ndash16

23n38 72 73Jewish homeland vs Jewish state and 7

43 44Jewish identity and 215 216Jewish-Muslim relations prior to 11 12

23n37as Jewish nationalism 235nationalist movement of 66ldquonew Jewsrdquo and 111 112origins of 87

as Palestinian disaster 211parallels to back-to-Africa movement

80 81pioneering mentality 7 21n21psychology of 101rejection of 212 213safety and 216ndash219as self-ghettoization 212ndash216shared ancestry with Palestinians and

14 15Six Day War and 124socialist labor variant of 101universal vs particular in 214 215use of force and 15 24n54

Zionist Commission for Palestine 91 92Zionist Congress eighth (1907) 196Zionist Congress fifth (1901) 89Zionist Congress first (1897) 87 88 196Zionist Organization 87ndash89 91 92 97Zionists See also Zionism

Christian 12 208 225n7expulsion of Palestinians by (See

expulsion of Palestinians)Partition Plan and 102in pre-state period 87ndash93 98 102ldquosoftrdquo 211 226n23in United States 208 225n7

Zochrot (Remembrance) 28 43 237 242Zonszein Mairav 245n30

• REFERENCES
• INDEX

INDEX

293

North Africa 112Northern Ireland 12Norway 240NPA (National Priority Areas) 131nuclear weapons 217 218 228n56Nueva Vida 229n75

oObama Barack 79observer entity Palestine as 139 167 181observer state Palestine as 19 165 167

181 218 219Occupation 129ndash144 See also Israeli set-

tlementsas apartheid (See apartheid)bilateral challenges and 179 180domestic challenges and 180effects on agriculture of Palestinians

142 146n81as elephant in the room 6establishment of 86in Israeli textbooks xvIsraelis opposed to 28 36 38 183 193

218Israelrsquos establishment of 130ndash135oppression of Palestinians and 12 15

16 27 28 46n2 90permitting processes in 198planning and implementation of 132

133resistance by Palestinians 5 135ndash138soft Zionism and 211superpowers and 134ndash136tragic spiral and 138ndash144as trap 7witnessing by American Jewish leaders

238Occupied Golan Heights See Golan HeightsOccupied Palestinian Territories See also

Gaza West Bankldquobreak their bonesrdquo Israeli conduct in

150 156containment within 33ndash39dangers to Israel in 183 217 218geographic divides and 154 155 158

191Israeli control of 20

Israelrsquos encouragement of settlements within 54

population in 9 10OCHA (UN Office for the Coordination of

Humanitarian Affairs) 43oil interests 59 115 116ldquooil shockrdquo 139Ojibwa people 227n39Okin Susan Muller 55 56Old New Land (Herzl) 196Old Testament 11ldquoolimrdquo 78Olim Berlin 78Olim Prague 78Olmert Ehud 45 187 190Olympics in Munich (1972) 137Oman 154 160Omar (film) 41one-state solution See also two-state solu-

tionalternatives to 70n87apartheid and 242civil rights struggle and 44 166 167

243increased interest in 66Transjordan option and 20

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 69n54 139

Open Hillels 44 239Operation Cast Lead

criticism of Israel and 182FreeGazaflotillaand168genocide comparisons 186ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163trip to PalestineIsrael during 71Zionist defense of 215

Operation Dani 155 156 170n43Operation Defensive Shield 151 182Operation Pillar of Defense 153 163 182Operation Protective Edge

anti-Semitism and 61BDS and sanctions and 165British support for Gaza in 219cause of 166FreeGazaflotillaand168

INDEX

294

Gaza as a woman and 57genocide comparisons 186Israeli militarism and 182ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163skepticism about 209US suspension of air travel during 239Zionist defense of 215

ldquoOreosrdquo 75Organization of Petroleum Exporting

Countries (OPEC) 69n54 139orientalism 58Orthodox Jews 32 47n40 48n64 77

78 100 101 113 See also ultra-Orthodox Jews

Oslo AccordsCamp David Summit and 162failure of 161 162 164Netanyahu and 161Palestinian acceptance of 19peace process and 155settlement expansion after 152Taba negotiations and 51two-state solution and 65 159 160 161water shortages and 161 164West Bank divisions and 10 104 161

164otherness embracing of 77ndash79Ottoman Empire

Arab revolt against 95 96dismemberment of lands of 94 95end of 76 91 92Herzl and 88land laws 134 141land records from 33ruling of land of IsraelPalestine 13 64Tanzimat reforms 93 94

Oz Amos 212

Ppacification 32 33 99 150Pakistan 64Palestine See also IsraelPalestine

Occupied Palestinian Territories Palestinians

as choice for Jewish homeland 80

Christian communities in 8competing claims on 8 13 52 65 232de-Arabization of 100 102 117history of 234Jewish communities in 8 12 92 96ldquoland without a peoplerdquo 207 225n4news coverage of 5as observer entity 139 167 181as observer state 19 165 167 181 218

219Peel Commission Report and 98 99in pre-state period 96ndash100UN designation of land for 8villages destroyed in 9 22n24 103Zionist immigration to 87 89 91 92

98 100Palestine Arab Congress 97Palestine Arab Delegation 85Palestine Fair Trade Association 40Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

commitments of declared by Arafat 162diverse factions of 136 137elections awaited by 199formation of 122 136as independent national authority 139

140 159Jordan and 136 137Lebanon and 137 138 141 142merging with Fatah 122 136national unity and 243Rabat Declaration and 158two-state solution and 65United States exclusion of 143 144

153 160weakening in Ramallah 158

Palestine National Congress (PNC) 143Palestine Office 91 92Palestine Peace not Apartheid (Carter) 189Palestine Strategy Study Group 243Palestine Zionist Executive 92Palestinian Authority

Adnanrsquos story and 51applications to ICC and ICJ 165 238establishment of 159 161national unity and 243Oslo agreements and 19 164Rome Statue of ICC and 167

INDEX

295

UN and 183 198 199Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) 156Palestinian Legislative Council 166 199

243Palestinian National Council 199 243Palestinian Rebellion 100Palestinian refugees

appropriation of land from 119discrimination against 131Jewish refugees compared to 113numbers of xviii xviii n14 24n52in refugee camps 9 10 104 118 121right of return xviii n14 15at time of Israeli state formation 103

Palestinian story 109 110Palestinian vs Israeli deaths 184Palestinians See also Palestine

in administrative detention 120child-naming practices 23n32Christian 8 9 33 97 183 218civilian casualties 55containment of 33ndash39creativity and resilience of 40ndash43as demographic threat 217 218Diaspora community of 104 239 241discrimination against 131 132distribution in IsraelPalestine 9educational attainment of xviii 28 40

46n6 72 238efforts to pacify 141 142elections held by 165 166expulsion of (See expulsion of

Palestinians)food shortages and 187 188 196General Strike by 98globalization and 223 224Hamas charter statements 18human rights violations by 54 55

67n24internal displacement of 9 24n52 34

90 103 118 119in Israel following Nakba 118 119as Israeli citizens 114 119 120

130ndash132 182 183 191Israeli state creation and 118ndash122killed and wounded in Gaza 32Kuwaitrsquos expulsion of 144

land captured from 92lobbying efforts to British 97as long term residents of IsraelPalestine

13media presentation of 28under military rule 119 120 130 132

191 197 198mob killings by 100 101Muslim 9 97 183national identity of 65 66 96 97 235need for national unity 243Occupation and (See under Occupation)pacificationof3233peace process and 154ndash158 164population of xvii xviii n13in pre-state period 89 96ndash102prohibited to live with spouses 31proverb 231refugees (See Palestinian refugees)as ldquoresidentsrdquo of East Jerusalem 130

133Resolution 242 and 135rock-throwing by children 5safety of 217 219self-determination pursuit by 16shared ancestry with Jews 14 15Six Day War and 124 130stereotypes of 5 7storyofdifficultiesinsharing4ndash6

PalTel 40pan-Arabism 97 117 123 136 235Panama 183Pappe Ilan 186 198Paradise Now (film) 41Paraguay 165particularism 212 213 214 217Partition Plan 102 115 116 141Patinkin Mandy 165Paulrsquos story 27 43peace camp 33 34peace process 149ndash168

changing boundaries and 104failure of 168firstIntifada and 155human rights and 164ndash168Israelis and 150ndash153 160 163 164Palestinians and 154ndash158 164

INDEX

296

superpowers and 153 154tragic spiral 155ndash164United States and 144 152

Peel Commission Report 65 98ndash100 197Peled-Elhanan Nurit xvPeled-Elhanan Smadar xvPeled Matti xvPeled Miko xvPeled Yoav xvpension funds and BDS 240permitting processes 198Peru 165Peterrsquos story 63PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of

Palestine) 136 156Philistines 13Picot Francois Georges 94PIJ (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) 156Pilgrims American 78pine trees planted in Palestine 90pink-washing 47n40Pinochet Augusto 214 215Pitersberg Gabriel 61Plan Dalet (Plan D) 102 103 107n75PLO See Palestine Liberation Organization

(PLO)PNC (Palestine National Congress) 143Poitier Sidney 81n10Poland 64political Islam

American race relations and 59Arab states and 244blacks as superpatriots and 62otherness and 78Palestinianflirtationwith16235pan-Arab unity and 97

politicide 199polytheism 214Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

(PFLP) 136 156population transfers 16 20 54 64 99 197post-post-Zionism 21 22n21post-Zionism 21n21Powell Colin 62pre-state period in history of Zionism

great powers in 93ndash96Palestinians in 96ndash100

tragic spiral 100ndash105Zionists in 87ndash93

present absentees 118 119price tag attacks 32Prince Stephen 177prophetic vs Constantinian Judaism 227n45protection gap 121Proust Marcel 216psychological warfare 188Ptolemy 49

QQalandiya checkpoint 149 235 236Qalqilya West Bank 161Qatar 160Qibya West Bank 117Quakers 240Qurrsquoan 11Quran Fadi 40

RR2P (Responsibility to Protect) 53Rabat Declaration 139 140 159Rabin Yitzhak 155 156 161 162 170n43race 50 56ndash62

anti-Arab racism 59ndash62 196 197blacks as superpatriots 62invidious nature of distinctions 58power and 58 59relations in the United States 59scientificdefinitionof5862as social construction 58 190

racial privilege 58 59racism 59ndash62 181 190 196 197 218Rakeek Mariam Abu 28Ramallah West Bank 28 161 183 241Ramle ethnic cleansing of 155 156Ras a-Tire (village) 157Rashomon effect 177Ravitch Diane 212Rawabi West Bank 223realpolitik 6 233Reconstruction failure of 79Red Scare 78Reel Bad Arabs (documentary) 5reform 75ndash77 81nn9amp10Reformation 87

INDEX

297

refugee campsexpelled Palestinians in 9 10 104 118

121numbers in 24n52rationing of water and electricity to 191in surrounding countries 9 10 24n52

104 118 121 141in West Bank and Gaza 9 24n52 118

Refugee Convention of 1951 121 122Refugee Protocol (1967) 121 122regional power struggles 179religion

human rights and 52 53nationalism and 64

resistance as a tool for change 239Responsibility to Protect (R2P) 53Ricardo David 239Rice Condoleezza 62Richardrsquos story 3 4Rihanna 165Riwaq 40Road Map 163Romania 182Romanov empire 64Rome Statute of ICC 167Roots (TV mini-series) 80Rose Tricia 82n19Ruffalo Mark 165Ruppin Arthur 195 196Russell Tribunal 190 236Russia

alliance with Egypt 137ndash139Cold War and 115global economy and 59Herzl and 88Jewish immigrants from 152 160peace process and 159 160recognition of Israel 116Six Day War and 123 124Sykes-Picot Agreement and 94 95WWI and 88 89

Al Ruwwad Childrenrsquos Dance Theater 42

Sal Sabawi Khaled 42Sabeel 186Sabra 111

Sabra refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Sadat Anwar 140 244safety promise of 216ndash219Said Edward 164ndash166Said-Foqahaa Nader 129 130Salaita Steven 242Samaritans 12 46 48n64Samuel Herbert 88Santayana George 234ldquoSaturday Night Massacrerdquo 138Saudi Arabia 103 116 154 179school bus crash 18secessionist movements 64second (Al Aqsa) Intifada See Intifada

secondsecular humanism 220 221 See also

universalismuniversal humanismSegev Tom 15 111 216self-ghettoization Zionism as 212ndash216separation barrier Israeli

around homes 39attempts to breach 192containment and 33ICJ on 157 218national security as rationale for 156

179Palestinian labor exclusion and 192protests and 40roboticization of 242suicide bombings and 156 171n54

September 11 terrorist attacks See 911 terrorist attacks

service work as a tool for change 239settler only roads 134 191Shaftsbury Earl of 225n4Shah of Iran 141 159Shahian Abdel Aziz 25n74Shakespeare William 74 75Shamir Yitzhak 194Shamir Yoav 181Shapira Anita 24n54 101 107n63Shapira Yonatan 57 231Sharon Ariel

counter-proposal to two-state solution 143

election of 163

INDEX

298

Gazan resistance and 158massacre in Qibya and 117pacificationofWestBankand141refugee camp massacres and 138second Intifada and 157settlement building and 134war on Arab terror and 61

Shatila refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Shavit Ari 101 105n6 180 211 212Sheikh Jerrah East Jerusalem 38 39Shepherd Matthew 210Sherwood Harriet 22 23n26 225n14Shlaim Avi 99Shula Alonirsquos story 189shuttle diplomacy 163Shylock (in Merchant of Venice) 74 75Siegman Henry 218 219Sierra Leone 79Simon Wiesenthal Center 61Sinai Peninsula 134 135 138 139 140Six Day War (1967)

as ldquodefensive warrdquo 123 133expulsions during 197Israeli control of historic Palestine and

9 15 45 124 130 182situation leading to 122ndash124

slavery 5 58 73 76 79Slovak Republic 64Smith Adam 239Smith Charles D 137Sneh Ephraim 180 181 227n50social media positive effects of 222 See

also Facebook postssocialism 76 77 101 110sociocide as term xv 198 199 236 See

also ethnic cleansingsociocidesoft Zionism 211 226n23Somoza Anastasio 183South Africa apartheid system in 12 45

153 186 188ndash193 233 234Soviet Union

Cold War and 114 115 117 118 152collapse of 61 144 152invasion of Hungary 118 124Jews from 92Occupation and resistance and 134

peace process and 159 160spaciocide 199Spain 64 65 159 160 240sperm smuggling 242Spielberg Steven 79Spinoza Baruch 73 216starvation 187 188 196State of Emergency 119 130State Stamp Law (1949) 132Straights of Tiran 123 140Straw Jack 96Streisand Barbara 79The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

(Kuhn) 132Sudan 154Suez Canal 118 123 140 182Suez Crisis xvisuicide bombings xv 55 156 192summer circus camp 42sumud 16supermarket chains and BDS 240superpowers

in ancient IsraelPalestine 13ascollectiveactorinconflict10ndash13in decolonization era 114ndash118misuse of human rights doctrines 53 56Occupation and resistance and 134ndash136peace process and 153 154in pre-state period 93ndash96recent domination in Palestine 13 16two-state solution and 151

Sykes Mark 94Sykes-Picot agreement 88 94ndash97Syria

agricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103civil war in 182claim on Golan Heights 9 23n26 152conflictin18current 141in decolonization era 116 117Egyptrsquos rivalry with 122Fatah support by 122Madrid Conference and 160Palestine imagined as province of 97refugee camps in 9 10 118 121

INDEX

299

refugees from 182Resolution 242 and 139 140Six Day War and 123 124support of Palestinian factions by 122

136unrest in 154Yom Kippur War and 138

TTaba Talks of 2001 162 163Tacitus 149Tahrir Square 222Tamimi Bassem 207 219Tamimi Bilal and Manal 38Tamimi Mostafa 38Tanzimat reforms 93ldquoTaxirdquo (Hammad) 56Taybeh Beer Brewery 40Teach for America 60Tel Aviv boardwalk 35Tel Aviv Israel 43 112 156 193 239Ten Point Program 146n71Tent of Nations 33 34Tessler Mark 17Thant U 123three-family story 194 195Three Norsquos of Khartoum 19 135Thucydides 129Transjordan option 20 25n75transnational market forces 6tribalism 213 214 217Truman Doctrine 115Truman Harry 115 116truth and reconciliation commissions 6Tulkarem West Bank 161 241Tunis Tunisia 143 155Tunisia

Arab Spring in 154Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 138 142 154 155

TurkeyArab Jews in 112aspirations of 179FreeGazaflotillaand168173n117ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140Israeli alliance with 117 141

population transfers and 64Turks See Ottoman EmpireTutu Desmond 3 189 19024 (TV show) 62two-state solution See also one-state

solutionalternatives to 70n87 166apartheid and 190failure of 66First Intifada and 143great powers and 151Green Line and 8 9 19 43human rights standards and 10Israeli settlements and 133 134land division and 43national liberation struggle and 243origins and resurfacing of 65Rabat Declaration and 159Resolution 181 and 235

Tzabar Shimon 129

UUAR (United Arab Republic) 118 122 123UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human

Rights) 50ndash52 56Uganda 8 14 80 87Ukraine 64 92Ulpan plan 92Ulrichrsquos story 185ultra-Orthodox Jews 31 35 77 78 101

See also Orthodox JewsUm al Fahm Israel 194 195Um Kammal 38 39UN Human Rights Commission 61UN Conciliation Commission on Palestine

(UNCCP) 121 122UN General Assembly

admission of PLO 139 167on Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54recognition of Palestine as observer

state 218 219Resolution 181 8 65 101 115

135 235UN High Commissioner for Refugees

(UNHCR) 121 122UN Human Rights Council 181

INDEX

300

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) 43

UN Relief Works Agency (UNRWA) xviii n14 22n23 121 122

UN Security Councilon Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54Resolution 242 134 135 162Resolution 338 162

UNESCO 167 181United Arab Emirates 65United Arab Republic (UAR) 118 122 123United Kingdom 64 65United Nations

at Madrid Conference 160Palestinian Authority and 199partitioning of historic Palestine 8 101

121protocols for protecting refugees 121refugee camps 104Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(UDHR) 50upgrading of Palestinersquos status 181 182Zionism and 214

United StatesAmerican Indians in 58 68n44anti-Arab anti-Muslim prejudice in

59ndash62Arab world awareness in 209Arafat and PLO rejected by 143 144

153 160arms delivery delays by 239BDS precedents in 240Bill of Rights 51blacks as superpatriots in 62blindness and deafness in 236Cold War and 115 117 118 124 139

152colonies in 219Declaration of Independence 68n44Egypt rejected by 117 118GI Bill of Rights 58grassroots social movements in 222Great Society project 228n65human rights standards ignored by 241Immigration and Nationality Act of

1965 58

importanceinconflict243244Israel as liability to 182Israeli-American alliance 116 138 139

152 153 217 227n50Israelrsquos special relationship with 98Jewish community in 44 80 89 91

114 116military aid to Egypt 140Occupation and resistance and 134occupation of Germany 132operations in IsraelPalestine 13 16Palestinian Authority and 161Palestinian elections and 166peace process and 144 152 153

158ndash160race riot responses in 150restrictive immigration policies 111Six Day War and 124suspension of air travel to Tel Aviv 239

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 50ndash52 56

universal jurisdiction 214 215universalismuniversal humanism 46 214

217universities and BDS 240university campuses prejudice on 59 60Uris Leon 208Uruguay 165US State Department 32USAID 229n74Use of Hebrew Date Law (1998) 132Ussishkin Menachem 195 196

VVenezuela 165Veolia 240Verwoerd Hendrik 189veteranrsquos preference 131Vietnam French in 219Vietnam War 134Vietnamese Liberation Front 124vigilantism 32 241 245n30village leagues 141violence

ahistorical presentation of 5resistance and 183state-sponsored 222

INDEX

301

vigilante 32voter suppression 76 82n13

WWadi al Narsquoam Israel 42Wadi Rasha (village) 157Wailing (Western) Wall in Old City 100

112al Walajeh (village) 30 31 133Waltz with Bashir (film) 219Wannsee Conference 187waqf Islamic 8 18 52War of Independence 8 9 103 111 115

116 182 See also Nakba (the Catastrophe)

water shortages 161 164Watergate scandal 138Waxmann Rivka and Haim 109ldquoWe Killed Jesus Wersquore Proud of Itrdquo

(YouTube video) 18Weber Max 49 81n6Weissglass Dov 158 159 187Weizmann Chaim 88 195 196West Bank

division into areas 10 104 161 164efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143efforts to pacify 141firstIntifada and 154 155free trade zones in 224Israeli control of 139 140 150Jewish settlements in 22 23n26 29

133 134 152Jordanian control of 8 9 104 117 118

135 137negotiations and 153new city in 224Palestinian population in 9refugee camps in 9 118Samaritans in 12 46 48n64separation barrier appropriation of land

in 156two-state solution and 159vigilante violence in 32

West Beirut Lebanon 138Western Sahara 154

White Paper of 1921 98 99White Paper of 1939 100 111Who Profits 28 43 239 242Wilson Woodrow 89witchcraft accusations of Pilgrims 78Wolfe Alan 214womenrsquos movement American 222World Trade Organization (WTO) 59 179

222World War I 88 89 94World War II

American occupation of Germany after 132

Great Britain and 104human rights framework and 51 53racial disadvantage after 74reduced to Holocaust 61Zionism and 8 100 101 111

World Zionist Organization (WZO) 87ndash89 234

WTO (the World Trade Organization) 59 179 222

Wye River memorandum 162WZO (World Zionist Organization) 87ndash89

234

YYad Larsquoachim 245n30Yasminersquos story 71 72Yehoshua AB 215Yemen 112 154Yiftachel Oren 243Yishuv 91 100 101 197Yitzachi Aryeh 109Yom Kippur War (1973) 69n54 138 139

182 231 232Young Cynthia 62Yugoslavia 64Yurirsquos story 57Yuvalrsquos story 231 232

ZZangwill Israel 195 196 207 225n4Zapatistas 222Zeidan Mohammad 131Ziadeh Rafif 41

INDEX

302

Zionism 71ndash82 207ndash224 See also pre-state period in history of Zionism Zionists

claim to ownership of IsraelPalestine 13 65 66

as colonization 178contradictions of 195ndash197criticism of 209ethnic cleansing and 196 208ndash212fear of assimilation and 87genocide framework and 186 187global empires and 64globalization and 220ndash224history of 7 8 234 235Holocaust and 8 73 100 101 208ndash211human rights violations and 7inversion of 78ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140 141Israeli-Palestinianconflictand12ndash16

23n38 72 73Jewish homeland vs Jewish state and 7

43 44Jewish identity and 215 216Jewish-Muslim relations prior to 11 12

23n37as Jewish nationalism 235nationalist movement of 66ldquonew Jewsrdquo and 111 112origins of 87

as Palestinian disaster 211parallels to back-to-Africa movement

80 81pioneering mentality 7 21n21psychology of 101rejection of 212 213safety and 216ndash219as self-ghettoization 212ndash216shared ancestry with Palestinians and

14 15Six Day War and 124socialist labor variant of 101universal vs particular in 214 215use of force and 15 24n54

Zionist Commission for Palestine 91 92Zionist Congress eighth (1907) 196Zionist Congress fifth (1901) 89Zionist Congress first (1897) 87 88 196Zionist Organization 87ndash89 91 92 97Zionists See also Zionism

Christian 12 208 225n7expulsion of Palestinians by (See

expulsion of Palestinians)Partition Plan and 102in pre-state period 87ndash93 98 102ldquosoftrdquo 211 226n23in United States 208 225n7

Zochrot (Remembrance) 28 43 237 242Zonszein Mairav 245n30

• REFERENCES
• INDEX

INDEX

294

Gaza as a woman and 57genocide comparisons 186Israeli militarism and 182ldquomowing the lawnrdquo and 153pacificationand32peace process and 163skepticism about 209US suspension of air travel during 239Zionist defense of 215

ldquoOreosrdquo 75Organization of Petroleum Exporting

Countries (OPEC) 69n54 139orientalism 58Orthodox Jews 32 47n40 48n64 77

78 100 101 113 See also ultra-Orthodox Jews

Oslo AccordsCamp David Summit and 162failure of 161 162 164Netanyahu and 161Palestinian acceptance of 19peace process and 155settlement expansion after 152Taba negotiations and 51two-state solution and 65 159 160 161water shortages and 161 164West Bank divisions and 10 104 161

164otherness embracing of 77ndash79Ottoman Empire

Arab revolt against 95 96dismemberment of lands of 94 95end of 76 91 92Herzl and 88land laws 134 141land records from 33ruling of land of IsraelPalestine 13 64Tanzimat reforms 93 94

Oz Amos 212

Ppacification 32 33 99 150Pakistan 64Palestine See also IsraelPalestine

Occupied Palestinian Territories Palestinians

as choice for Jewish homeland 80

Christian communities in 8competing claims on 8 13 52 65 232de-Arabization of 100 102 117history of 234Jewish communities in 8 12 92 96ldquoland without a peoplerdquo 207 225n4news coverage of 5as observer entity 139 167 181as observer state 19 165 167 181 218

219Peel Commission Report and 98 99in pre-state period 96ndash100UN designation of land for 8villages destroyed in 9 22n24 103Zionist immigration to 87 89 91 92

98 100Palestine Arab Congress 97Palestine Arab Delegation 85Palestine Fair Trade Association 40Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

commitments of declared by Arafat 162diverse factions of 136 137elections awaited by 199formation of 122 136as independent national authority 139

140 159Jordan and 136 137Lebanon and 137 138 141 142merging with Fatah 122 136national unity and 243Rabat Declaration and 158two-state solution and 65United States exclusion of 143 144

153 160weakening in Ramallah 158

Palestine National Congress (PNC) 143Palestine Office 91 92Palestine Peace not Apartheid (Carter) 189Palestine Strategy Study Group 243Palestine Zionist Executive 92Palestinian Authority

Adnanrsquos story and 51applications to ICC and ICJ 165 238establishment of 159 161national unity and 243Oslo agreements and 19 164Rome Statue of ICC and 167

INDEX

295

UN and 183 198 199Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) 156Palestinian Legislative Council 166 199

243Palestinian National Council 199 243Palestinian Rebellion 100Palestinian refugees

appropriation of land from 119discrimination against 131Jewish refugees compared to 113numbers of xviii xviii n14 24n52in refugee camps 9 10 104 118 121right of return xviii n14 15at time of Israeli state formation 103

Palestinian story 109 110Palestinian vs Israeli deaths 184Palestinians See also Palestine

in administrative detention 120child-naming practices 23n32Christian 8 9 33 97 183 218civilian casualties 55containment of 33ndash39creativity and resilience of 40ndash43as demographic threat 217 218Diaspora community of 104 239 241discrimination against 131 132distribution in IsraelPalestine 9educational attainment of xviii 28 40

46n6 72 238efforts to pacify 141 142elections held by 165 166expulsion of (See expulsion of

Palestinians)food shortages and 187 188 196General Strike by 98globalization and 223 224Hamas charter statements 18human rights violations by 54 55

67n24internal displacement of 9 24n52 34

90 103 118 119in Israel following Nakba 118 119as Israeli citizens 114 119 120

130ndash132 182 183 191Israeli state creation and 118ndash122killed and wounded in Gaza 32Kuwaitrsquos expulsion of 144

land captured from 92lobbying efforts to British 97as long term residents of IsraelPalestine

13media presentation of 28under military rule 119 120 130 132

191 197 198mob killings by 100 101Muslim 9 97 183national identity of 65 66 96 97 235need for national unity 243Occupation and (See under Occupation)pacificationof3233peace process and 154ndash158 164population of xvii xviii n13in pre-state period 89 96ndash102prohibited to live with spouses 31proverb 231refugees (See Palestinian refugees)as ldquoresidentsrdquo of East Jerusalem 130

133Resolution 242 and 135rock-throwing by children 5safety of 217 219self-determination pursuit by 16shared ancestry with Jews 14 15Six Day War and 124 130stereotypes of 5 7storyofdifficultiesinsharing4ndash6

PalTel 40pan-Arabism 97 117 123 136 235Panama 183Pappe Ilan 186 198Paradise Now (film) 41Paraguay 165particularism 212 213 214 217Partition Plan 102 115 116 141Patinkin Mandy 165Paulrsquos story 27 43peace camp 33 34peace process 149ndash168

changing boundaries and 104failure of 168firstIntifada and 155human rights and 164ndash168Israelis and 150ndash153 160 163 164Palestinians and 154ndash158 164

INDEX

296

superpowers and 153 154tragic spiral 155ndash164United States and 144 152

Peel Commission Report 65 98ndash100 197Peled-Elhanan Nurit xvPeled-Elhanan Smadar xvPeled Matti xvPeled Miko xvPeled Yoav xvpension funds and BDS 240permitting processes 198Peru 165Peterrsquos story 63PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of

Palestine) 136 156Philistines 13Picot Francois Georges 94PIJ (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) 156Pilgrims American 78pine trees planted in Palestine 90pink-washing 47n40Pinochet Augusto 214 215Pitersberg Gabriel 61Plan Dalet (Plan D) 102 103 107n75PLO See Palestine Liberation Organization

(PLO)PNC (Palestine National Congress) 143Poitier Sidney 81n10Poland 64political Islam

American race relations and 59Arab states and 244blacks as superpatriots and 62otherness and 78Palestinianflirtationwith16235pan-Arab unity and 97

politicide 199polytheism 214Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

(PFLP) 136 156population transfers 16 20 54 64 99 197post-post-Zionism 21 22n21post-Zionism 21n21Powell Colin 62pre-state period in history of Zionism

great powers in 93ndash96Palestinians in 96ndash100

tragic spiral 100ndash105Zionists in 87ndash93

present absentees 118 119price tag attacks 32Prince Stephen 177prophetic vs Constantinian Judaism 227n45protection gap 121Proust Marcel 216psychological warfare 188Ptolemy 49

QQalandiya checkpoint 149 235 236Qalqilya West Bank 161Qatar 160Qibya West Bank 117Quakers 240Qurrsquoan 11Quran Fadi 40

RR2P (Responsibility to Protect) 53Rabat Declaration 139 140 159Rabin Yitzhak 155 156 161 162 170n43race 50 56ndash62

anti-Arab racism 59ndash62 196 197blacks as superpatriots 62invidious nature of distinctions 58power and 58 59relations in the United States 59scientificdefinitionof5862as social construction 58 190

racial privilege 58 59racism 59ndash62 181 190 196 197 218Rakeek Mariam Abu 28Ramallah West Bank 28 161 183 241Ramle ethnic cleansing of 155 156Ras a-Tire (village) 157Rashomon effect 177Ravitch Diane 212Rawabi West Bank 223realpolitik 6 233Reconstruction failure of 79Red Scare 78Reel Bad Arabs (documentary) 5reform 75ndash77 81nn9amp10Reformation 87

INDEX

297

refugee campsexpelled Palestinians in 9 10 104 118

121numbers in 24n52rationing of water and electricity to 191in surrounding countries 9 10 24n52

104 118 121 141in West Bank and Gaza 9 24n52 118

Refugee Convention of 1951 121 122Refugee Protocol (1967) 121 122regional power struggles 179religion

human rights and 52 53nationalism and 64

resistance as a tool for change 239Responsibility to Protect (R2P) 53Ricardo David 239Rice Condoleezza 62Richardrsquos story 3 4Rihanna 165Riwaq 40Road Map 163Romania 182Romanov empire 64Rome Statute of ICC 167Roots (TV mini-series) 80Rose Tricia 82n19Ruffalo Mark 165Ruppin Arthur 195 196Russell Tribunal 190 236Russia

alliance with Egypt 137ndash139Cold War and 115global economy and 59Herzl and 88Jewish immigrants from 152 160peace process and 159 160recognition of Israel 116Six Day War and 123 124Sykes-Picot Agreement and 94 95WWI and 88 89

Al Ruwwad Childrenrsquos Dance Theater 42

Sal Sabawi Khaled 42Sabeel 186Sabra 111

Sabra refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Sadat Anwar 140 244safety promise of 216ndash219Said Edward 164ndash166Said-Foqahaa Nader 129 130Salaita Steven 242Samaritans 12 46 48n64Samuel Herbert 88Santayana George 234ldquoSaturday Night Massacrerdquo 138Saudi Arabia 103 116 154 179school bus crash 18secessionist movements 64second (Al Aqsa) Intifada See Intifada

secondsecular humanism 220 221 See also

universalismuniversal humanismSegev Tom 15 111 216self-ghettoization Zionism as 212ndash216separation barrier Israeli

around homes 39attempts to breach 192containment and 33ICJ on 157 218national security as rationale for 156

179Palestinian labor exclusion and 192protests and 40roboticization of 242suicide bombings and 156 171n54

September 11 terrorist attacks See 911 terrorist attacks

service work as a tool for change 239settler only roads 134 191Shaftsbury Earl of 225n4Shah of Iran 141 159Shahian Abdel Aziz 25n74Shakespeare William 74 75Shamir Yitzhak 194Shamir Yoav 181Shapira Anita 24n54 101 107n63Shapira Yonatan 57 231Sharon Ariel

counter-proposal to two-state solution 143

election of 163

INDEX

298

Gazan resistance and 158massacre in Qibya and 117pacificationofWestBankand141refugee camp massacres and 138second Intifada and 157settlement building and 134war on Arab terror and 61

Shatila refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Shavit Ari 101 105n6 180 211 212Sheikh Jerrah East Jerusalem 38 39Shepherd Matthew 210Sherwood Harriet 22 23n26 225n14Shlaim Avi 99Shula Alonirsquos story 189shuttle diplomacy 163Shylock (in Merchant of Venice) 74 75Siegman Henry 218 219Sierra Leone 79Simon Wiesenthal Center 61Sinai Peninsula 134 135 138 139 140Six Day War (1967)

as ldquodefensive warrdquo 123 133expulsions during 197Israeli control of historic Palestine and

9 15 45 124 130 182situation leading to 122ndash124

slavery 5 58 73 76 79Slovak Republic 64Smith Adam 239Smith Charles D 137Sneh Ephraim 180 181 227n50social media positive effects of 222 See

also Facebook postssocialism 76 77 101 110sociocide as term xv 198 199 236 See

also ethnic cleansingsociocidesoft Zionism 211 226n23Somoza Anastasio 183South Africa apartheid system in 12 45

153 186 188ndash193 233 234Soviet Union

Cold War and 114 115 117 118 152collapse of 61 144 152invasion of Hungary 118 124Jews from 92Occupation and resistance and 134

peace process and 159 160spaciocide 199Spain 64 65 159 160 240sperm smuggling 242Spielberg Steven 79Spinoza Baruch 73 216starvation 187 188 196State of Emergency 119 130State Stamp Law (1949) 132Straights of Tiran 123 140Straw Jack 96Streisand Barbara 79The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

(Kuhn) 132Sudan 154Suez Canal 118 123 140 182Suez Crisis xvisuicide bombings xv 55 156 192summer circus camp 42sumud 16supermarket chains and BDS 240superpowers

in ancient IsraelPalestine 13ascollectiveactorinconflict10ndash13in decolonization era 114ndash118misuse of human rights doctrines 53 56Occupation and resistance and 134ndash136peace process and 153 154in pre-state period 93ndash96recent domination in Palestine 13 16two-state solution and 151

Sykes Mark 94Sykes-Picot agreement 88 94ndash97Syria

agricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103civil war in 182claim on Golan Heights 9 23n26 152conflictin18current 141in decolonization era 116 117Egyptrsquos rivalry with 122Fatah support by 122Madrid Conference and 160Palestine imagined as province of 97refugee camps in 9 10 118 121

INDEX

299

refugees from 182Resolution 242 and 139 140Six Day War and 123 124support of Palestinian factions by 122

136unrest in 154Yom Kippur War and 138

TTaba Talks of 2001 162 163Tacitus 149Tahrir Square 222Tamimi Bassem 207 219Tamimi Bilal and Manal 38Tamimi Mostafa 38Tanzimat reforms 93ldquoTaxirdquo (Hammad) 56Taybeh Beer Brewery 40Teach for America 60Tel Aviv boardwalk 35Tel Aviv Israel 43 112 156 193 239Ten Point Program 146n71Tent of Nations 33 34Tessler Mark 17Thant U 123three-family story 194 195Three Norsquos of Khartoum 19 135Thucydides 129Transjordan option 20 25n75transnational market forces 6tribalism 213 214 217Truman Doctrine 115Truman Harry 115 116truth and reconciliation commissions 6Tulkarem West Bank 161 241Tunis Tunisia 143 155Tunisia

Arab Spring in 154Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 138 142 154 155

TurkeyArab Jews in 112aspirations of 179FreeGazaflotillaand168173n117ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140Israeli alliance with 117 141

population transfers and 64Turks See Ottoman EmpireTutu Desmond 3 189 19024 (TV show) 62two-state solution See also one-state

solutionalternatives to 70n87 166apartheid and 190failure of 66First Intifada and 143great powers and 151Green Line and 8 9 19 43human rights standards and 10Israeli settlements and 133 134land division and 43national liberation struggle and 243origins and resurfacing of 65Rabat Declaration and 159Resolution 181 and 235

Tzabar Shimon 129

UUAR (United Arab Republic) 118 122 123UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human

Rights) 50ndash52 56Uganda 8 14 80 87Ukraine 64 92Ulpan plan 92Ulrichrsquos story 185ultra-Orthodox Jews 31 35 77 78 101

See also Orthodox JewsUm al Fahm Israel 194 195Um Kammal 38 39UN Human Rights Commission 61UN Conciliation Commission on Palestine

(UNCCP) 121 122UN General Assembly

admission of PLO 139 167on Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54recognition of Palestine as observer

state 218 219Resolution 181 8 65 101 115

135 235UN High Commissioner for Refugees

(UNHCR) 121 122UN Human Rights Council 181

INDEX

300

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) 43

UN Relief Works Agency (UNRWA) xviii n14 22n23 121 122

UN Security Councilon Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54Resolution 242 134 135 162Resolution 338 162

UNESCO 167 181United Arab Emirates 65United Arab Republic (UAR) 118 122 123United Kingdom 64 65United Nations

at Madrid Conference 160Palestinian Authority and 199partitioning of historic Palestine 8 101

121protocols for protecting refugees 121refugee camps 104Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(UDHR) 50upgrading of Palestinersquos status 181 182Zionism and 214

United StatesAmerican Indians in 58 68n44anti-Arab anti-Muslim prejudice in

59ndash62Arab world awareness in 209Arafat and PLO rejected by 143 144

153 160arms delivery delays by 239BDS precedents in 240Bill of Rights 51blacks as superpatriots in 62blindness and deafness in 236Cold War and 115 117 118 124 139

152colonies in 219Declaration of Independence 68n44Egypt rejected by 117 118GI Bill of Rights 58grassroots social movements in 222Great Society project 228n65human rights standards ignored by 241Immigration and Nationality Act of

1965 58

importanceinconflict243244Israel as liability to 182Israeli-American alliance 116 138 139

152 153 217 227n50Israelrsquos special relationship with 98Jewish community in 44 80 89 91

114 116military aid to Egypt 140Occupation and resistance and 134occupation of Germany 132operations in IsraelPalestine 13 16Palestinian Authority and 161Palestinian elections and 166peace process and 144 152 153

158ndash160race riot responses in 150restrictive immigration policies 111Six Day War and 124suspension of air travel to Tel Aviv 239

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 50ndash52 56

universal jurisdiction 214 215universalismuniversal humanism 46 214

217universities and BDS 240university campuses prejudice on 59 60Uris Leon 208Uruguay 165US State Department 32USAID 229n74Use of Hebrew Date Law (1998) 132Ussishkin Menachem 195 196

VVenezuela 165Veolia 240Verwoerd Hendrik 189veteranrsquos preference 131Vietnam French in 219Vietnam War 134Vietnamese Liberation Front 124vigilantism 32 241 245n30village leagues 141violence

ahistorical presentation of 5resistance and 183state-sponsored 222

INDEX

301

vigilante 32voter suppression 76 82n13

WWadi al Narsquoam Israel 42Wadi Rasha (village) 157Wailing (Western) Wall in Old City 100

112al Walajeh (village) 30 31 133Waltz with Bashir (film) 219Wannsee Conference 187waqf Islamic 8 18 52War of Independence 8 9 103 111 115

116 182 See also Nakba (the Catastrophe)

water shortages 161 164Watergate scandal 138Waxmann Rivka and Haim 109ldquoWe Killed Jesus Wersquore Proud of Itrdquo

(YouTube video) 18Weber Max 49 81n6Weissglass Dov 158 159 187Weizmann Chaim 88 195 196West Bank

division into areas 10 104 161 164efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143efforts to pacify 141firstIntifada and 154 155free trade zones in 224Israeli control of 139 140 150Jewish settlements in 22 23n26 29

133 134 152Jordanian control of 8 9 104 117 118

135 137negotiations and 153new city in 224Palestinian population in 9refugee camps in 9 118Samaritans in 12 46 48n64separation barrier appropriation of land

in 156two-state solution and 159vigilante violence in 32

West Beirut Lebanon 138Western Sahara 154

White Paper of 1921 98 99White Paper of 1939 100 111Who Profits 28 43 239 242Wilson Woodrow 89witchcraft accusations of Pilgrims 78Wolfe Alan 214womenrsquos movement American 222World Trade Organization (WTO) 59 179

222World War I 88 89 94World War II

American occupation of Germany after 132

Great Britain and 104human rights framework and 51 53racial disadvantage after 74reduced to Holocaust 61Zionism and 8 100 101 111

World Zionist Organization (WZO) 87ndash89 234

WTO (the World Trade Organization) 59 179 222

Wye River memorandum 162WZO (World Zionist Organization) 87ndash89

234

YYad Larsquoachim 245n30Yasminersquos story 71 72Yehoshua AB 215Yemen 112 154Yiftachel Oren 243Yishuv 91 100 101 197Yitzachi Aryeh 109Yom Kippur War (1973) 69n54 138 139

182 231 232Young Cynthia 62Yugoslavia 64Yurirsquos story 57Yuvalrsquos story 231 232

ZZangwill Israel 195 196 207 225n4Zapatistas 222Zeidan Mohammad 131Ziadeh Rafif 41

INDEX

302

Zionism 71ndash82 207ndash224 See also pre-state period in history of Zionism Zionists

claim to ownership of IsraelPalestine 13 65 66

as colonization 178contradictions of 195ndash197criticism of 209ethnic cleansing and 196 208ndash212fear of assimilation and 87genocide framework and 186 187global empires and 64globalization and 220ndash224history of 7 8 234 235Holocaust and 8 73 100 101 208ndash211human rights violations and 7inversion of 78ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140 141Israeli-Palestinianconflictand12ndash16

23n38 72 73Jewish homeland vs Jewish state and 7

43 44Jewish identity and 215 216Jewish-Muslim relations prior to 11 12

23n37as Jewish nationalism 235nationalist movement of 66ldquonew Jewsrdquo and 111 112origins of 87

as Palestinian disaster 211parallels to back-to-Africa movement

80 81pioneering mentality 7 21n21psychology of 101rejection of 212 213safety and 216ndash219as self-ghettoization 212ndash216shared ancestry with Palestinians and

14 15Six Day War and 124socialist labor variant of 101universal vs particular in 214 215use of force and 15 24n54

Zionist Commission for Palestine 91 92Zionist Congress eighth (1907) 196Zionist Congress fifth (1901) 89Zionist Congress first (1897) 87 88 196Zionist Organization 87ndash89 91 92 97Zionists See also Zionism

Christian 12 208 225n7expulsion of Palestinians by (See

expulsion of Palestinians)Partition Plan and 102in pre-state period 87ndash93 98 102ldquosoftrdquo 211 226n23in United States 208 225n7

Zochrot (Remembrance) 28 43 237 242Zonszein Mairav 245n30

• REFERENCES
• INDEX

INDEX

295

UN and 183 198 199Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) 156Palestinian Legislative Council 166 199

243Palestinian National Council 199 243Palestinian Rebellion 100Palestinian refugees

appropriation of land from 119discrimination against 131Jewish refugees compared to 113numbers of xviii xviii n14 24n52in refugee camps 9 10 104 118 121right of return xviii n14 15at time of Israeli state formation 103

Palestinian story 109 110Palestinian vs Israeli deaths 184Palestinians See also Palestine

in administrative detention 120child-naming practices 23n32Christian 8 9 33 97 183 218civilian casualties 55containment of 33ndash39creativity and resilience of 40ndash43as demographic threat 217 218Diaspora community of 104 239 241discrimination against 131 132distribution in IsraelPalestine 9educational attainment of xviii 28 40

46n6 72 238efforts to pacify 141 142elections held by 165 166expulsion of (See expulsion of

Palestinians)food shortages and 187 188 196General Strike by 98globalization and 223 224Hamas charter statements 18human rights violations by 54 55

67n24internal displacement of 9 24n52 34

90 103 118 119in Israel following Nakba 118 119as Israeli citizens 114 119 120

130ndash132 182 183 191Israeli state creation and 118ndash122killed and wounded in Gaza 32Kuwaitrsquos expulsion of 144

land captured from 92lobbying efforts to British 97as long term residents of IsraelPalestine

13media presentation of 28under military rule 119 120 130 132

191 197 198mob killings by 100 101Muslim 9 97 183national identity of 65 66 96 97 235need for national unity 243Occupation and (See under Occupation)pacificationof3233peace process and 154ndash158 164population of xvii xviii n13in pre-state period 89 96ndash102prohibited to live with spouses 31proverb 231refugees (See Palestinian refugees)as ldquoresidentsrdquo of East Jerusalem 130

133Resolution 242 and 135rock-throwing by children 5safety of 217 219self-determination pursuit by 16shared ancestry with Jews 14 15Six Day War and 124 130stereotypes of 5 7storyofdifficultiesinsharing4ndash6

PalTel 40pan-Arabism 97 117 123 136 235Panama 183Pappe Ilan 186 198Paradise Now (film) 41Paraguay 165particularism 212 213 214 217Partition Plan 102 115 116 141Patinkin Mandy 165Paulrsquos story 27 43peace camp 33 34peace process 149ndash168

changing boundaries and 104failure of 168firstIntifada and 155human rights and 164ndash168Israelis and 150ndash153 160 163 164Palestinians and 154ndash158 164

INDEX

296

superpowers and 153 154tragic spiral 155ndash164United States and 144 152

Peel Commission Report 65 98ndash100 197Peled-Elhanan Nurit xvPeled-Elhanan Smadar xvPeled Matti xvPeled Miko xvPeled Yoav xvpension funds and BDS 240permitting processes 198Peru 165Peterrsquos story 63PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of

Palestine) 136 156Philistines 13Picot Francois Georges 94PIJ (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) 156Pilgrims American 78pine trees planted in Palestine 90pink-washing 47n40Pinochet Augusto 214 215Pitersberg Gabriel 61Plan Dalet (Plan D) 102 103 107n75PLO See Palestine Liberation Organization

(PLO)PNC (Palestine National Congress) 143Poitier Sidney 81n10Poland 64political Islam

American race relations and 59Arab states and 244blacks as superpatriots and 62otherness and 78Palestinianflirtationwith16235pan-Arab unity and 97

politicide 199polytheism 214Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

(PFLP) 136 156population transfers 16 20 54 64 99 197post-post-Zionism 21 22n21post-Zionism 21n21Powell Colin 62pre-state period in history of Zionism

great powers in 93ndash96Palestinians in 96ndash100

tragic spiral 100ndash105Zionists in 87ndash93

present absentees 118 119price tag attacks 32Prince Stephen 177prophetic vs Constantinian Judaism 227n45protection gap 121Proust Marcel 216psychological warfare 188Ptolemy 49

QQalandiya checkpoint 149 235 236Qalqilya West Bank 161Qatar 160Qibya West Bank 117Quakers 240Qurrsquoan 11Quran Fadi 40

RR2P (Responsibility to Protect) 53Rabat Declaration 139 140 159Rabin Yitzhak 155 156 161 162 170n43race 50 56ndash62

anti-Arab racism 59ndash62 196 197blacks as superpatriots 62invidious nature of distinctions 58power and 58 59relations in the United States 59scientificdefinitionof5862as social construction 58 190

racial privilege 58 59racism 59ndash62 181 190 196 197 218Rakeek Mariam Abu 28Ramallah West Bank 28 161 183 241Ramle ethnic cleansing of 155 156Ras a-Tire (village) 157Rashomon effect 177Ravitch Diane 212Rawabi West Bank 223realpolitik 6 233Reconstruction failure of 79Red Scare 78Reel Bad Arabs (documentary) 5reform 75ndash77 81nn9amp10Reformation 87

INDEX

297

refugee campsexpelled Palestinians in 9 10 104 118

121numbers in 24n52rationing of water and electricity to 191in surrounding countries 9 10 24n52

104 118 121 141in West Bank and Gaza 9 24n52 118

Refugee Convention of 1951 121 122Refugee Protocol (1967) 121 122regional power struggles 179religion

human rights and 52 53nationalism and 64

resistance as a tool for change 239Responsibility to Protect (R2P) 53Ricardo David 239Rice Condoleezza 62Richardrsquos story 3 4Rihanna 165Riwaq 40Road Map 163Romania 182Romanov empire 64Rome Statute of ICC 167Roots (TV mini-series) 80Rose Tricia 82n19Ruffalo Mark 165Ruppin Arthur 195 196Russell Tribunal 190 236Russia

alliance with Egypt 137ndash139Cold War and 115global economy and 59Herzl and 88Jewish immigrants from 152 160peace process and 159 160recognition of Israel 116Six Day War and 123 124Sykes-Picot Agreement and 94 95WWI and 88 89

Al Ruwwad Childrenrsquos Dance Theater 42

Sal Sabawi Khaled 42Sabeel 186Sabra 111

Sabra refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Sadat Anwar 140 244safety promise of 216ndash219Said Edward 164ndash166Said-Foqahaa Nader 129 130Salaita Steven 242Samaritans 12 46 48n64Samuel Herbert 88Santayana George 234ldquoSaturday Night Massacrerdquo 138Saudi Arabia 103 116 154 179school bus crash 18secessionist movements 64second (Al Aqsa) Intifada See Intifada

secondsecular humanism 220 221 See also

universalismuniversal humanismSegev Tom 15 111 216self-ghettoization Zionism as 212ndash216separation barrier Israeli

around homes 39attempts to breach 192containment and 33ICJ on 157 218national security as rationale for 156

179Palestinian labor exclusion and 192protests and 40roboticization of 242suicide bombings and 156 171n54

September 11 terrorist attacks See 911 terrorist attacks

service work as a tool for change 239settler only roads 134 191Shaftsbury Earl of 225n4Shah of Iran 141 159Shahian Abdel Aziz 25n74Shakespeare William 74 75Shamir Yitzhak 194Shamir Yoav 181Shapira Anita 24n54 101 107n63Shapira Yonatan 57 231Sharon Ariel

counter-proposal to two-state solution 143

election of 163

INDEX

298

Gazan resistance and 158massacre in Qibya and 117pacificationofWestBankand141refugee camp massacres and 138second Intifada and 157settlement building and 134war on Arab terror and 61

Shatila refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Shavit Ari 101 105n6 180 211 212Sheikh Jerrah East Jerusalem 38 39Shepherd Matthew 210Sherwood Harriet 22 23n26 225n14Shlaim Avi 99Shula Alonirsquos story 189shuttle diplomacy 163Shylock (in Merchant of Venice) 74 75Siegman Henry 218 219Sierra Leone 79Simon Wiesenthal Center 61Sinai Peninsula 134 135 138 139 140Six Day War (1967)

as ldquodefensive warrdquo 123 133expulsions during 197Israeli control of historic Palestine and

9 15 45 124 130 182situation leading to 122ndash124

slavery 5 58 73 76 79Slovak Republic 64Smith Adam 239Smith Charles D 137Sneh Ephraim 180 181 227n50social media positive effects of 222 See

also Facebook postssocialism 76 77 101 110sociocide as term xv 198 199 236 See

also ethnic cleansingsociocidesoft Zionism 211 226n23Somoza Anastasio 183South Africa apartheid system in 12 45

153 186 188ndash193 233 234Soviet Union

Cold War and 114 115 117 118 152collapse of 61 144 152invasion of Hungary 118 124Jews from 92Occupation and resistance and 134

peace process and 159 160spaciocide 199Spain 64 65 159 160 240sperm smuggling 242Spielberg Steven 79Spinoza Baruch 73 216starvation 187 188 196State of Emergency 119 130State Stamp Law (1949) 132Straights of Tiran 123 140Straw Jack 96Streisand Barbara 79The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

(Kuhn) 132Sudan 154Suez Canal 118 123 140 182Suez Crisis xvisuicide bombings xv 55 156 192summer circus camp 42sumud 16supermarket chains and BDS 240superpowers

in ancient IsraelPalestine 13ascollectiveactorinconflict10ndash13in decolonization era 114ndash118misuse of human rights doctrines 53 56Occupation and resistance and 134ndash136peace process and 153 154in pre-state period 93ndash96recent domination in Palestine 13 16two-state solution and 151

Sykes Mark 94Sykes-Picot agreement 88 94ndash97Syria

agricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103civil war in 182claim on Golan Heights 9 23n26 152conflictin18current 141in decolonization era 116 117Egyptrsquos rivalry with 122Fatah support by 122Madrid Conference and 160Palestine imagined as province of 97refugee camps in 9 10 118 121

INDEX

299

refugees from 182Resolution 242 and 139 140Six Day War and 123 124support of Palestinian factions by 122

136unrest in 154Yom Kippur War and 138

TTaba Talks of 2001 162 163Tacitus 149Tahrir Square 222Tamimi Bassem 207 219Tamimi Bilal and Manal 38Tamimi Mostafa 38Tanzimat reforms 93ldquoTaxirdquo (Hammad) 56Taybeh Beer Brewery 40Teach for America 60Tel Aviv boardwalk 35Tel Aviv Israel 43 112 156 193 239Ten Point Program 146n71Tent of Nations 33 34Tessler Mark 17Thant U 123three-family story 194 195Three Norsquos of Khartoum 19 135Thucydides 129Transjordan option 20 25n75transnational market forces 6tribalism 213 214 217Truman Doctrine 115Truman Harry 115 116truth and reconciliation commissions 6Tulkarem West Bank 161 241Tunis Tunisia 143 155Tunisia

Arab Spring in 154Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 138 142 154 155

TurkeyArab Jews in 112aspirations of 179FreeGazaflotillaand168173n117ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140Israeli alliance with 117 141

population transfers and 64Turks See Ottoman EmpireTutu Desmond 3 189 19024 (TV show) 62two-state solution See also one-state

solutionalternatives to 70n87 166apartheid and 190failure of 66First Intifada and 143great powers and 151Green Line and 8 9 19 43human rights standards and 10Israeli settlements and 133 134land division and 43national liberation struggle and 243origins and resurfacing of 65Rabat Declaration and 159Resolution 181 and 235

Tzabar Shimon 129

UUAR (United Arab Republic) 118 122 123UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human

Rights) 50ndash52 56Uganda 8 14 80 87Ukraine 64 92Ulpan plan 92Ulrichrsquos story 185ultra-Orthodox Jews 31 35 77 78 101

See also Orthodox JewsUm al Fahm Israel 194 195Um Kammal 38 39UN Human Rights Commission 61UN Conciliation Commission on Palestine

(UNCCP) 121 122UN General Assembly

admission of PLO 139 167on Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54recognition of Palestine as observer

state 218 219Resolution 181 8 65 101 115

135 235UN High Commissioner for Refugees

(UNHCR) 121 122UN Human Rights Council 181

INDEX

300

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) 43

UN Relief Works Agency (UNRWA) xviii n14 22n23 121 122

UN Security Councilon Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54Resolution 242 134 135 162Resolution 338 162

UNESCO 167 181United Arab Emirates 65United Arab Republic (UAR) 118 122 123United Kingdom 64 65United Nations

at Madrid Conference 160Palestinian Authority and 199partitioning of historic Palestine 8 101

121protocols for protecting refugees 121refugee camps 104Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(UDHR) 50upgrading of Palestinersquos status 181 182Zionism and 214

United StatesAmerican Indians in 58 68n44anti-Arab anti-Muslim prejudice in

59ndash62Arab world awareness in 209Arafat and PLO rejected by 143 144

153 160arms delivery delays by 239BDS precedents in 240Bill of Rights 51blacks as superpatriots in 62blindness and deafness in 236Cold War and 115 117 118 124 139

152colonies in 219Declaration of Independence 68n44Egypt rejected by 117 118GI Bill of Rights 58grassroots social movements in 222Great Society project 228n65human rights standards ignored by 241Immigration and Nationality Act of

1965 58

importanceinconflict243244Israel as liability to 182Israeli-American alliance 116 138 139

152 153 217 227n50Israelrsquos special relationship with 98Jewish community in 44 80 89 91

114 116military aid to Egypt 140Occupation and resistance and 134occupation of Germany 132operations in IsraelPalestine 13 16Palestinian Authority and 161Palestinian elections and 166peace process and 144 152 153

158ndash160race riot responses in 150restrictive immigration policies 111Six Day War and 124suspension of air travel to Tel Aviv 239

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 50ndash52 56

universal jurisdiction 214 215universalismuniversal humanism 46 214

217universities and BDS 240university campuses prejudice on 59 60Uris Leon 208Uruguay 165US State Department 32USAID 229n74Use of Hebrew Date Law (1998) 132Ussishkin Menachem 195 196

VVenezuela 165Veolia 240Verwoerd Hendrik 189veteranrsquos preference 131Vietnam French in 219Vietnam War 134Vietnamese Liberation Front 124vigilantism 32 241 245n30village leagues 141violence

ahistorical presentation of 5resistance and 183state-sponsored 222

INDEX

301

vigilante 32voter suppression 76 82n13

WWadi al Narsquoam Israel 42Wadi Rasha (village) 157Wailing (Western) Wall in Old City 100

112al Walajeh (village) 30 31 133Waltz with Bashir (film) 219Wannsee Conference 187waqf Islamic 8 18 52War of Independence 8 9 103 111 115

116 182 See also Nakba (the Catastrophe)

water shortages 161 164Watergate scandal 138Waxmann Rivka and Haim 109ldquoWe Killed Jesus Wersquore Proud of Itrdquo

(YouTube video) 18Weber Max 49 81n6Weissglass Dov 158 159 187Weizmann Chaim 88 195 196West Bank

division into areas 10 104 161 164efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143efforts to pacify 141firstIntifada and 154 155free trade zones in 224Israeli control of 139 140 150Jewish settlements in 22 23n26 29

133 134 152Jordanian control of 8 9 104 117 118

135 137negotiations and 153new city in 224Palestinian population in 9refugee camps in 9 118Samaritans in 12 46 48n64separation barrier appropriation of land

in 156two-state solution and 159vigilante violence in 32

West Beirut Lebanon 138Western Sahara 154

White Paper of 1921 98 99White Paper of 1939 100 111Who Profits 28 43 239 242Wilson Woodrow 89witchcraft accusations of Pilgrims 78Wolfe Alan 214womenrsquos movement American 222World Trade Organization (WTO) 59 179

222World War I 88 89 94World War II

American occupation of Germany after 132

Great Britain and 104human rights framework and 51 53racial disadvantage after 74reduced to Holocaust 61Zionism and 8 100 101 111

World Zionist Organization (WZO) 87ndash89 234

WTO (the World Trade Organization) 59 179 222

Wye River memorandum 162WZO (World Zionist Organization) 87ndash89

234

YYad Larsquoachim 245n30Yasminersquos story 71 72Yehoshua AB 215Yemen 112 154Yiftachel Oren 243Yishuv 91 100 101 197Yitzachi Aryeh 109Yom Kippur War (1973) 69n54 138 139

182 231 232Young Cynthia 62Yugoslavia 64Yurirsquos story 57Yuvalrsquos story 231 232

ZZangwill Israel 195 196 207 225n4Zapatistas 222Zeidan Mohammad 131Ziadeh Rafif 41

INDEX

302

Zionism 71ndash82 207ndash224 See also pre-state period in history of Zionism Zionists

claim to ownership of IsraelPalestine 13 65 66

as colonization 178contradictions of 195ndash197criticism of 209ethnic cleansing and 196 208ndash212fear of assimilation and 87genocide framework and 186 187global empires and 64globalization and 220ndash224history of 7 8 234 235Holocaust and 8 73 100 101 208ndash211human rights violations and 7inversion of 78ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140 141Israeli-Palestinianconflictand12ndash16

23n38 72 73Jewish homeland vs Jewish state and 7

43 44Jewish identity and 215 216Jewish-Muslim relations prior to 11 12

23n37as Jewish nationalism 235nationalist movement of 66ldquonew Jewsrdquo and 111 112origins of 87

as Palestinian disaster 211parallels to back-to-Africa movement

80 81pioneering mentality 7 21n21psychology of 101rejection of 212 213safety and 216ndash219as self-ghettoization 212ndash216shared ancestry with Palestinians and

14 15Six Day War and 124socialist labor variant of 101universal vs particular in 214 215use of force and 15 24n54

Zionist Commission for Palestine 91 92Zionist Congress eighth (1907) 196Zionist Congress fifth (1901) 89Zionist Congress first (1897) 87 88 196Zionist Organization 87ndash89 91 92 97Zionists See also Zionism

Christian 12 208 225n7expulsion of Palestinians by (See

expulsion of Palestinians)Partition Plan and 102in pre-state period 87ndash93 98 102ldquosoftrdquo 211 226n23in United States 208 225n7

Zochrot (Remembrance) 28 43 237 242Zonszein Mairav 245n30

• REFERENCES
• INDEX

INDEX

296

superpowers and 153 154tragic spiral 155ndash164United States and 144 152

Peel Commission Report 65 98ndash100 197Peled-Elhanan Nurit xvPeled-Elhanan Smadar xvPeled Matti xvPeled Miko xvPeled Yoav xvpension funds and BDS 240permitting processes 198Peru 165Peterrsquos story 63PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of

Palestine) 136 156Philistines 13Picot Francois Georges 94PIJ (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) 156Pilgrims American 78pine trees planted in Palestine 90pink-washing 47n40Pinochet Augusto 214 215Pitersberg Gabriel 61Plan Dalet (Plan D) 102 103 107n75PLO See Palestine Liberation Organization

(PLO)PNC (Palestine National Congress) 143Poitier Sidney 81n10Poland 64political Islam

American race relations and 59Arab states and 244blacks as superpatriots and 62otherness and 78Palestinianflirtationwith16235pan-Arab unity and 97

politicide 199polytheism 214Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

(PFLP) 136 156population transfers 16 20 54 64 99 197post-post-Zionism 21 22n21post-Zionism 21n21Powell Colin 62pre-state period in history of Zionism

great powers in 93ndash96Palestinians in 96ndash100

tragic spiral 100ndash105Zionists in 87ndash93

present absentees 118 119price tag attacks 32Prince Stephen 177prophetic vs Constantinian Judaism 227n45protection gap 121Proust Marcel 216psychological warfare 188Ptolemy 49

QQalandiya checkpoint 149 235 236Qalqilya West Bank 161Qatar 160Qibya West Bank 117Quakers 240Qurrsquoan 11Quran Fadi 40

RR2P (Responsibility to Protect) 53Rabat Declaration 139 140 159Rabin Yitzhak 155 156 161 162 170n43race 50 56ndash62

anti-Arab racism 59ndash62 196 197blacks as superpatriots 62invidious nature of distinctions 58power and 58 59relations in the United States 59scientificdefinitionof5862as social construction 58 190

racial privilege 58 59racism 59ndash62 181 190 196 197 218Rakeek Mariam Abu 28Ramallah West Bank 28 161 183 241Ramle ethnic cleansing of 155 156Ras a-Tire (village) 157Rashomon effect 177Ravitch Diane 212Rawabi West Bank 223realpolitik 6 233Reconstruction failure of 79Red Scare 78Reel Bad Arabs (documentary) 5reform 75ndash77 81nn9amp10Reformation 87

INDEX

297

refugee campsexpelled Palestinians in 9 10 104 118

121numbers in 24n52rationing of water and electricity to 191in surrounding countries 9 10 24n52

104 118 121 141in West Bank and Gaza 9 24n52 118

Refugee Convention of 1951 121 122Refugee Protocol (1967) 121 122regional power struggles 179religion

human rights and 52 53nationalism and 64

resistance as a tool for change 239Responsibility to Protect (R2P) 53Ricardo David 239Rice Condoleezza 62Richardrsquos story 3 4Rihanna 165Riwaq 40Road Map 163Romania 182Romanov empire 64Rome Statute of ICC 167Roots (TV mini-series) 80Rose Tricia 82n19Ruffalo Mark 165Ruppin Arthur 195 196Russell Tribunal 190 236Russia

alliance with Egypt 137ndash139Cold War and 115global economy and 59Herzl and 88Jewish immigrants from 152 160peace process and 159 160recognition of Israel 116Six Day War and 123 124Sykes-Picot Agreement and 94 95WWI and 88 89

Al Ruwwad Childrenrsquos Dance Theater 42

Sal Sabawi Khaled 42Sabeel 186Sabra 111

Sabra refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Sadat Anwar 140 244safety promise of 216ndash219Said Edward 164ndash166Said-Foqahaa Nader 129 130Salaita Steven 242Samaritans 12 46 48n64Samuel Herbert 88Santayana George 234ldquoSaturday Night Massacrerdquo 138Saudi Arabia 103 116 154 179school bus crash 18secessionist movements 64second (Al Aqsa) Intifada See Intifada

secondsecular humanism 220 221 See also

universalismuniversal humanismSegev Tom 15 111 216self-ghettoization Zionism as 212ndash216separation barrier Israeli

around homes 39attempts to breach 192containment and 33ICJ on 157 218national security as rationale for 156

179Palestinian labor exclusion and 192protests and 40roboticization of 242suicide bombings and 156 171n54

September 11 terrorist attacks See 911 terrorist attacks

service work as a tool for change 239settler only roads 134 191Shaftsbury Earl of 225n4Shah of Iran 141 159Shahian Abdel Aziz 25n74Shakespeare William 74 75Shamir Yitzhak 194Shamir Yoav 181Shapira Anita 24n54 101 107n63Shapira Yonatan 57 231Sharon Ariel

counter-proposal to two-state solution 143

election of 163

INDEX

298

Gazan resistance and 158massacre in Qibya and 117pacificationofWestBankand141refugee camp massacres and 138second Intifada and 157settlement building and 134war on Arab terror and 61

Shatila refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Shavit Ari 101 105n6 180 211 212Sheikh Jerrah East Jerusalem 38 39Shepherd Matthew 210Sherwood Harriet 22 23n26 225n14Shlaim Avi 99Shula Alonirsquos story 189shuttle diplomacy 163Shylock (in Merchant of Venice) 74 75Siegman Henry 218 219Sierra Leone 79Simon Wiesenthal Center 61Sinai Peninsula 134 135 138 139 140Six Day War (1967)

as ldquodefensive warrdquo 123 133expulsions during 197Israeli control of historic Palestine and

9 15 45 124 130 182situation leading to 122ndash124

slavery 5 58 73 76 79Slovak Republic 64Smith Adam 239Smith Charles D 137Sneh Ephraim 180 181 227n50social media positive effects of 222 See

also Facebook postssocialism 76 77 101 110sociocide as term xv 198 199 236 See

also ethnic cleansingsociocidesoft Zionism 211 226n23Somoza Anastasio 183South Africa apartheid system in 12 45

153 186 188ndash193 233 234Soviet Union

Cold War and 114 115 117 118 152collapse of 61 144 152invasion of Hungary 118 124Jews from 92Occupation and resistance and 134

peace process and 159 160spaciocide 199Spain 64 65 159 160 240sperm smuggling 242Spielberg Steven 79Spinoza Baruch 73 216starvation 187 188 196State of Emergency 119 130State Stamp Law (1949) 132Straights of Tiran 123 140Straw Jack 96Streisand Barbara 79The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

(Kuhn) 132Sudan 154Suez Canal 118 123 140 182Suez Crisis xvisuicide bombings xv 55 156 192summer circus camp 42sumud 16supermarket chains and BDS 240superpowers

in ancient IsraelPalestine 13ascollectiveactorinconflict10ndash13in decolonization era 114ndash118misuse of human rights doctrines 53 56Occupation and resistance and 134ndash136peace process and 153 154in pre-state period 93ndash96recent domination in Palestine 13 16two-state solution and 151

Sykes Mark 94Sykes-Picot agreement 88 94ndash97Syria

agricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103civil war in 182claim on Golan Heights 9 23n26 152conflictin18current 141in decolonization era 116 117Egyptrsquos rivalry with 122Fatah support by 122Madrid Conference and 160Palestine imagined as province of 97refugee camps in 9 10 118 121

INDEX

299

refugees from 182Resolution 242 and 139 140Six Day War and 123 124support of Palestinian factions by 122

136unrest in 154Yom Kippur War and 138

TTaba Talks of 2001 162 163Tacitus 149Tahrir Square 222Tamimi Bassem 207 219Tamimi Bilal and Manal 38Tamimi Mostafa 38Tanzimat reforms 93ldquoTaxirdquo (Hammad) 56Taybeh Beer Brewery 40Teach for America 60Tel Aviv boardwalk 35Tel Aviv Israel 43 112 156 193 239Ten Point Program 146n71Tent of Nations 33 34Tessler Mark 17Thant U 123three-family story 194 195Three Norsquos of Khartoum 19 135Thucydides 129Transjordan option 20 25n75transnational market forces 6tribalism 213 214 217Truman Doctrine 115Truman Harry 115 116truth and reconciliation commissions 6Tulkarem West Bank 161 241Tunis Tunisia 143 155Tunisia

Arab Spring in 154Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 138 142 154 155

TurkeyArab Jews in 112aspirations of 179FreeGazaflotillaand168173n117ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140Israeli alliance with 117 141

population transfers and 64Turks See Ottoman EmpireTutu Desmond 3 189 19024 (TV show) 62two-state solution See also one-state

solutionalternatives to 70n87 166apartheid and 190failure of 66First Intifada and 143great powers and 151Green Line and 8 9 19 43human rights standards and 10Israeli settlements and 133 134land division and 43national liberation struggle and 243origins and resurfacing of 65Rabat Declaration and 159Resolution 181 and 235

Tzabar Shimon 129

UUAR (United Arab Republic) 118 122 123UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human

Rights) 50ndash52 56Uganda 8 14 80 87Ukraine 64 92Ulpan plan 92Ulrichrsquos story 185ultra-Orthodox Jews 31 35 77 78 101

See also Orthodox JewsUm al Fahm Israel 194 195Um Kammal 38 39UN Human Rights Commission 61UN Conciliation Commission on Palestine

(UNCCP) 121 122UN General Assembly

admission of PLO 139 167on Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54recognition of Palestine as observer

state 218 219Resolution 181 8 65 101 115

135 235UN High Commissioner for Refugees

(UNHCR) 121 122UN Human Rights Council 181

INDEX

300

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) 43

UN Relief Works Agency (UNRWA) xviii n14 22n23 121 122

UN Security Councilon Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54Resolution 242 134 135 162Resolution 338 162

UNESCO 167 181United Arab Emirates 65United Arab Republic (UAR) 118 122 123United Kingdom 64 65United Nations

at Madrid Conference 160Palestinian Authority and 199partitioning of historic Palestine 8 101

121protocols for protecting refugees 121refugee camps 104Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(UDHR) 50upgrading of Palestinersquos status 181 182Zionism and 214

United StatesAmerican Indians in 58 68n44anti-Arab anti-Muslim prejudice in

59ndash62Arab world awareness in 209Arafat and PLO rejected by 143 144

153 160arms delivery delays by 239BDS precedents in 240Bill of Rights 51blacks as superpatriots in 62blindness and deafness in 236Cold War and 115 117 118 124 139

152colonies in 219Declaration of Independence 68n44Egypt rejected by 117 118GI Bill of Rights 58grassroots social movements in 222Great Society project 228n65human rights standards ignored by 241Immigration and Nationality Act of

1965 58

importanceinconflict243244Israel as liability to 182Israeli-American alliance 116 138 139

152 153 217 227n50Israelrsquos special relationship with 98Jewish community in 44 80 89 91

114 116military aid to Egypt 140Occupation and resistance and 134occupation of Germany 132operations in IsraelPalestine 13 16Palestinian Authority and 161Palestinian elections and 166peace process and 144 152 153

158ndash160race riot responses in 150restrictive immigration policies 111Six Day War and 124suspension of air travel to Tel Aviv 239

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 50ndash52 56

universal jurisdiction 214 215universalismuniversal humanism 46 214

217universities and BDS 240university campuses prejudice on 59 60Uris Leon 208Uruguay 165US State Department 32USAID 229n74Use of Hebrew Date Law (1998) 132Ussishkin Menachem 195 196

VVenezuela 165Veolia 240Verwoerd Hendrik 189veteranrsquos preference 131Vietnam French in 219Vietnam War 134Vietnamese Liberation Front 124vigilantism 32 241 245n30village leagues 141violence

ahistorical presentation of 5resistance and 183state-sponsored 222

INDEX

301

vigilante 32voter suppression 76 82n13

WWadi al Narsquoam Israel 42Wadi Rasha (village) 157Wailing (Western) Wall in Old City 100

112al Walajeh (village) 30 31 133Waltz with Bashir (film) 219Wannsee Conference 187waqf Islamic 8 18 52War of Independence 8 9 103 111 115

116 182 See also Nakba (the Catastrophe)

water shortages 161 164Watergate scandal 138Waxmann Rivka and Haim 109ldquoWe Killed Jesus Wersquore Proud of Itrdquo

(YouTube video) 18Weber Max 49 81n6Weissglass Dov 158 159 187Weizmann Chaim 88 195 196West Bank

division into areas 10 104 161 164efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143efforts to pacify 141firstIntifada and 154 155free trade zones in 224Israeli control of 139 140 150Jewish settlements in 22 23n26 29

133 134 152Jordanian control of 8 9 104 117 118

135 137negotiations and 153new city in 224Palestinian population in 9refugee camps in 9 118Samaritans in 12 46 48n64separation barrier appropriation of land

in 156two-state solution and 159vigilante violence in 32

West Beirut Lebanon 138Western Sahara 154

White Paper of 1921 98 99White Paper of 1939 100 111Who Profits 28 43 239 242Wilson Woodrow 89witchcraft accusations of Pilgrims 78Wolfe Alan 214womenrsquos movement American 222World Trade Organization (WTO) 59 179

222World War I 88 89 94World War II

American occupation of Germany after 132

Great Britain and 104human rights framework and 51 53racial disadvantage after 74reduced to Holocaust 61Zionism and 8 100 101 111

World Zionist Organization (WZO) 87ndash89 234

WTO (the World Trade Organization) 59 179 222

Wye River memorandum 162WZO (World Zionist Organization) 87ndash89

234

YYad Larsquoachim 245n30Yasminersquos story 71 72Yehoshua AB 215Yemen 112 154Yiftachel Oren 243Yishuv 91 100 101 197Yitzachi Aryeh 109Yom Kippur War (1973) 69n54 138 139

182 231 232Young Cynthia 62Yugoslavia 64Yurirsquos story 57Yuvalrsquos story 231 232

ZZangwill Israel 195 196 207 225n4Zapatistas 222Zeidan Mohammad 131Ziadeh Rafif 41

INDEX

302

Zionism 71ndash82 207ndash224 See also pre-state period in history of Zionism Zionists

claim to ownership of IsraelPalestine 13 65 66

as colonization 178contradictions of 195ndash197criticism of 209ethnic cleansing and 196 208ndash212fear of assimilation and 87genocide framework and 186 187global empires and 64globalization and 220ndash224history of 7 8 234 235Holocaust and 8 73 100 101 208ndash211human rights violations and 7inversion of 78ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140 141Israeli-Palestinianconflictand12ndash16

23n38 72 73Jewish homeland vs Jewish state and 7

43 44Jewish identity and 215 216Jewish-Muslim relations prior to 11 12

23n37as Jewish nationalism 235nationalist movement of 66ldquonew Jewsrdquo and 111 112origins of 87

as Palestinian disaster 211parallels to back-to-Africa movement

80 81pioneering mentality 7 21n21psychology of 101rejection of 212 213safety and 216ndash219as self-ghettoization 212ndash216shared ancestry with Palestinians and

14 15Six Day War and 124socialist labor variant of 101universal vs particular in 214 215use of force and 15 24n54

Zionist Commission for Palestine 91 92Zionist Congress eighth (1907) 196Zionist Congress fifth (1901) 89Zionist Congress first (1897) 87 88 196Zionist Organization 87ndash89 91 92 97Zionists See also Zionism

Christian 12 208 225n7expulsion of Palestinians by (See

expulsion of Palestinians)Partition Plan and 102in pre-state period 87ndash93 98 102ldquosoftrdquo 211 226n23in United States 208 225n7

Zochrot (Remembrance) 28 43 237 242Zonszein Mairav 245n30

• REFERENCES
• INDEX

INDEX

297

refugee campsexpelled Palestinians in 9 10 104 118

121numbers in 24n52rationing of water and electricity to 191in surrounding countries 9 10 24n52

104 118 121 141in West Bank and Gaza 9 24n52 118

Refugee Convention of 1951 121 122Refugee Protocol (1967) 121 122regional power struggles 179religion

human rights and 52 53nationalism and 64

resistance as a tool for change 239Responsibility to Protect (R2P) 53Ricardo David 239Rice Condoleezza 62Richardrsquos story 3 4Rihanna 165Riwaq 40Road Map 163Romania 182Romanov empire 64Rome Statute of ICC 167Roots (TV mini-series) 80Rose Tricia 82n19Ruffalo Mark 165Ruppin Arthur 195 196Russell Tribunal 190 236Russia

alliance with Egypt 137ndash139Cold War and 115global economy and 59Herzl and 88Jewish immigrants from 152 160peace process and 159 160recognition of Israel 116Six Day War and 123 124Sykes-Picot Agreement and 94 95WWI and 88 89

Al Ruwwad Childrenrsquos Dance Theater 42

Sal Sabawi Khaled 42Sabeel 186Sabra 111

Sabra refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Sadat Anwar 140 244safety promise of 216ndash219Said Edward 164ndash166Said-Foqahaa Nader 129 130Salaita Steven 242Samaritans 12 46 48n64Samuel Herbert 88Santayana George 234ldquoSaturday Night Massacrerdquo 138Saudi Arabia 103 116 154 179school bus crash 18secessionist movements 64second (Al Aqsa) Intifada See Intifada

secondsecular humanism 220 221 See also

universalismuniversal humanismSegev Tom 15 111 216self-ghettoization Zionism as 212ndash216separation barrier Israeli

around homes 39attempts to breach 192containment and 33ICJ on 157 218national security as rationale for 156

179Palestinian labor exclusion and 192protests and 40roboticization of 242suicide bombings and 156 171n54

September 11 terrorist attacks See 911 terrorist attacks

service work as a tool for change 239settler only roads 134 191Shaftsbury Earl of 225n4Shah of Iran 141 159Shahian Abdel Aziz 25n74Shakespeare William 74 75Shamir Yitzhak 194Shamir Yoav 181Shapira Anita 24n54 101 107n63Shapira Yonatan 57 231Sharon Ariel

counter-proposal to two-state solution 143

election of 163

INDEX

298

Gazan resistance and 158massacre in Qibya and 117pacificationofWestBankand141refugee camp massacres and 138second Intifada and 157settlement building and 134war on Arab terror and 61

Shatila refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Shavit Ari 101 105n6 180 211 212Sheikh Jerrah East Jerusalem 38 39Shepherd Matthew 210Sherwood Harriet 22 23n26 225n14Shlaim Avi 99Shula Alonirsquos story 189shuttle diplomacy 163Shylock (in Merchant of Venice) 74 75Siegman Henry 218 219Sierra Leone 79Simon Wiesenthal Center 61Sinai Peninsula 134 135 138 139 140Six Day War (1967)

as ldquodefensive warrdquo 123 133expulsions during 197Israeli control of historic Palestine and

9 15 45 124 130 182situation leading to 122ndash124

slavery 5 58 73 76 79Slovak Republic 64Smith Adam 239Smith Charles D 137Sneh Ephraim 180 181 227n50social media positive effects of 222 See

also Facebook postssocialism 76 77 101 110sociocide as term xv 198 199 236 See

also ethnic cleansingsociocidesoft Zionism 211 226n23Somoza Anastasio 183South Africa apartheid system in 12 45

153 186 188ndash193 233 234Soviet Union

Cold War and 114 115 117 118 152collapse of 61 144 152invasion of Hungary 118 124Jews from 92Occupation and resistance and 134

peace process and 159 160spaciocide 199Spain 64 65 159 160 240sperm smuggling 242Spielberg Steven 79Spinoza Baruch 73 216starvation 187 188 196State of Emergency 119 130State Stamp Law (1949) 132Straights of Tiran 123 140Straw Jack 96Streisand Barbara 79The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

(Kuhn) 132Sudan 154Suez Canal 118 123 140 182Suez Crisis xvisuicide bombings xv 55 156 192summer circus camp 42sumud 16supermarket chains and BDS 240superpowers

in ancient IsraelPalestine 13ascollectiveactorinconflict10ndash13in decolonization era 114ndash118misuse of human rights doctrines 53 56Occupation and resistance and 134ndash136peace process and 153 154in pre-state period 93ndash96recent domination in Palestine 13 16two-state solution and 151

Sykes Mark 94Sykes-Picot agreement 88 94ndash97Syria

agricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103civil war in 182claim on Golan Heights 9 23n26 152conflictin18current 141in decolonization era 116 117Egyptrsquos rivalry with 122Fatah support by 122Madrid Conference and 160Palestine imagined as province of 97refugee camps in 9 10 118 121

INDEX

299

refugees from 182Resolution 242 and 139 140Six Day War and 123 124support of Palestinian factions by 122

136unrest in 154Yom Kippur War and 138

TTaba Talks of 2001 162 163Tacitus 149Tahrir Square 222Tamimi Bassem 207 219Tamimi Bilal and Manal 38Tamimi Mostafa 38Tanzimat reforms 93ldquoTaxirdquo (Hammad) 56Taybeh Beer Brewery 40Teach for America 60Tel Aviv boardwalk 35Tel Aviv Israel 43 112 156 193 239Ten Point Program 146n71Tent of Nations 33 34Tessler Mark 17Thant U 123three-family story 194 195Three Norsquos of Khartoum 19 135Thucydides 129Transjordan option 20 25n75transnational market forces 6tribalism 213 214 217Truman Doctrine 115Truman Harry 115 116truth and reconciliation commissions 6Tulkarem West Bank 161 241Tunis Tunisia 143 155Tunisia

Arab Spring in 154Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 138 142 154 155

TurkeyArab Jews in 112aspirations of 179FreeGazaflotillaand168173n117ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140Israeli alliance with 117 141

population transfers and 64Turks See Ottoman EmpireTutu Desmond 3 189 19024 (TV show) 62two-state solution See also one-state

solutionalternatives to 70n87 166apartheid and 190failure of 66First Intifada and 143great powers and 151Green Line and 8 9 19 43human rights standards and 10Israeli settlements and 133 134land division and 43national liberation struggle and 243origins and resurfacing of 65Rabat Declaration and 159Resolution 181 and 235

Tzabar Shimon 129

UUAR (United Arab Republic) 118 122 123UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human

Rights) 50ndash52 56Uganda 8 14 80 87Ukraine 64 92Ulpan plan 92Ulrichrsquos story 185ultra-Orthodox Jews 31 35 77 78 101

See also Orthodox JewsUm al Fahm Israel 194 195Um Kammal 38 39UN Human Rights Commission 61UN Conciliation Commission on Palestine

(UNCCP) 121 122UN General Assembly

admission of PLO 139 167on Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54recognition of Palestine as observer

state 218 219Resolution 181 8 65 101 115

135 235UN High Commissioner for Refugees

(UNHCR) 121 122UN Human Rights Council 181

INDEX

300

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) 43

UN Relief Works Agency (UNRWA) xviii n14 22n23 121 122

UN Security Councilon Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54Resolution 242 134 135 162Resolution 338 162

UNESCO 167 181United Arab Emirates 65United Arab Republic (UAR) 118 122 123United Kingdom 64 65United Nations

at Madrid Conference 160Palestinian Authority and 199partitioning of historic Palestine 8 101

121protocols for protecting refugees 121refugee camps 104Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(UDHR) 50upgrading of Palestinersquos status 181 182Zionism and 214

United StatesAmerican Indians in 58 68n44anti-Arab anti-Muslim prejudice in

59ndash62Arab world awareness in 209Arafat and PLO rejected by 143 144

153 160arms delivery delays by 239BDS precedents in 240Bill of Rights 51blacks as superpatriots in 62blindness and deafness in 236Cold War and 115 117 118 124 139

152colonies in 219Declaration of Independence 68n44Egypt rejected by 117 118GI Bill of Rights 58grassroots social movements in 222Great Society project 228n65human rights standards ignored by 241Immigration and Nationality Act of

1965 58

importanceinconflict243244Israel as liability to 182Israeli-American alliance 116 138 139

152 153 217 227n50Israelrsquos special relationship with 98Jewish community in 44 80 89 91

114 116military aid to Egypt 140Occupation and resistance and 134occupation of Germany 132operations in IsraelPalestine 13 16Palestinian Authority and 161Palestinian elections and 166peace process and 144 152 153

158ndash160race riot responses in 150restrictive immigration policies 111Six Day War and 124suspension of air travel to Tel Aviv 239

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 50ndash52 56

universal jurisdiction 214 215universalismuniversal humanism 46 214

217universities and BDS 240university campuses prejudice on 59 60Uris Leon 208Uruguay 165US State Department 32USAID 229n74Use of Hebrew Date Law (1998) 132Ussishkin Menachem 195 196

VVenezuela 165Veolia 240Verwoerd Hendrik 189veteranrsquos preference 131Vietnam French in 219Vietnam War 134Vietnamese Liberation Front 124vigilantism 32 241 245n30village leagues 141violence

ahistorical presentation of 5resistance and 183state-sponsored 222

INDEX

301

vigilante 32voter suppression 76 82n13

WWadi al Narsquoam Israel 42Wadi Rasha (village) 157Wailing (Western) Wall in Old City 100

112al Walajeh (village) 30 31 133Waltz with Bashir (film) 219Wannsee Conference 187waqf Islamic 8 18 52War of Independence 8 9 103 111 115

116 182 See also Nakba (the Catastrophe)

water shortages 161 164Watergate scandal 138Waxmann Rivka and Haim 109ldquoWe Killed Jesus Wersquore Proud of Itrdquo

(YouTube video) 18Weber Max 49 81n6Weissglass Dov 158 159 187Weizmann Chaim 88 195 196West Bank

division into areas 10 104 161 164efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143efforts to pacify 141firstIntifada and 154 155free trade zones in 224Israeli control of 139 140 150Jewish settlements in 22 23n26 29

133 134 152Jordanian control of 8 9 104 117 118

135 137negotiations and 153new city in 224Palestinian population in 9refugee camps in 9 118Samaritans in 12 46 48n64separation barrier appropriation of land

in 156two-state solution and 159vigilante violence in 32

West Beirut Lebanon 138Western Sahara 154

White Paper of 1921 98 99White Paper of 1939 100 111Who Profits 28 43 239 242Wilson Woodrow 89witchcraft accusations of Pilgrims 78Wolfe Alan 214womenrsquos movement American 222World Trade Organization (WTO) 59 179

222World War I 88 89 94World War II

American occupation of Germany after 132

Great Britain and 104human rights framework and 51 53racial disadvantage after 74reduced to Holocaust 61Zionism and 8 100 101 111

World Zionist Organization (WZO) 87ndash89 234

WTO (the World Trade Organization) 59 179 222

Wye River memorandum 162WZO (World Zionist Organization) 87ndash89

234

YYad Larsquoachim 245n30Yasminersquos story 71 72Yehoshua AB 215Yemen 112 154Yiftachel Oren 243Yishuv 91 100 101 197Yitzachi Aryeh 109Yom Kippur War (1973) 69n54 138 139

182 231 232Young Cynthia 62Yugoslavia 64Yurirsquos story 57Yuvalrsquos story 231 232

ZZangwill Israel 195 196 207 225n4Zapatistas 222Zeidan Mohammad 131Ziadeh Rafif 41

INDEX

302

Zionism 71ndash82 207ndash224 See also pre-state period in history of Zionism Zionists

claim to ownership of IsraelPalestine 13 65 66

as colonization 178contradictions of 195ndash197criticism of 209ethnic cleansing and 196 208ndash212fear of assimilation and 87genocide framework and 186 187global empires and 64globalization and 220ndash224history of 7 8 234 235Holocaust and 8 73 100 101 208ndash211human rights violations and 7inversion of 78ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140 141Israeli-Palestinianconflictand12ndash16

23n38 72 73Jewish homeland vs Jewish state and 7

43 44Jewish identity and 215 216Jewish-Muslim relations prior to 11 12

23n37as Jewish nationalism 235nationalist movement of 66ldquonew Jewsrdquo and 111 112origins of 87

as Palestinian disaster 211parallels to back-to-Africa movement

80 81pioneering mentality 7 21n21psychology of 101rejection of 212 213safety and 216ndash219as self-ghettoization 212ndash216shared ancestry with Palestinians and

14 15Six Day War and 124socialist labor variant of 101universal vs particular in 214 215use of force and 15 24n54

Zionist Commission for Palestine 91 92Zionist Congress eighth (1907) 196Zionist Congress fifth (1901) 89Zionist Congress first (1897) 87 88 196Zionist Organization 87ndash89 91 92 97Zionists See also Zionism

Christian 12 208 225n7expulsion of Palestinians by (See

expulsion of Palestinians)Partition Plan and 102in pre-state period 87ndash93 98 102ldquosoftrdquo 211 226n23in United States 208 225n7

Zochrot (Remembrance) 28 43 237 242Zonszein Mairav 245n30

• REFERENCES
• INDEX

INDEX

298

Gazan resistance and 158massacre in Qibya and 117pacificationofWestBankand141refugee camp massacres and 138second Intifada and 157settlement building and 134war on Arab terror and 61

Shatila refugee camp massacre 138 142 219

Shavit Ari 101 105n6 180 211 212Sheikh Jerrah East Jerusalem 38 39Shepherd Matthew 210Sherwood Harriet 22 23n26 225n14Shlaim Avi 99Shula Alonirsquos story 189shuttle diplomacy 163Shylock (in Merchant of Venice) 74 75Siegman Henry 218 219Sierra Leone 79Simon Wiesenthal Center 61Sinai Peninsula 134 135 138 139 140Six Day War (1967)

as ldquodefensive warrdquo 123 133expulsions during 197Israeli control of historic Palestine and

9 15 45 124 130 182situation leading to 122ndash124

slavery 5 58 73 76 79Slovak Republic 64Smith Adam 239Smith Charles D 137Sneh Ephraim 180 181 227n50social media positive effects of 222 See

also Facebook postssocialism 76 77 101 110sociocide as term xv 198 199 236 See

also ethnic cleansingsociocidesoft Zionism 211 226n23Somoza Anastasio 183South Africa apartheid system in 12 45

153 186 188ndash193 233 234Soviet Union

Cold War and 114 115 117 118 152collapse of 61 144 152invasion of Hungary 118 124Jews from 92Occupation and resistance and 134

peace process and 159 160spaciocide 199Spain 64 65 159 160 240sperm smuggling 242Spielberg Steven 79Spinoza Baruch 73 216starvation 187 188 196State of Emergency 119 130State Stamp Law (1949) 132Straights of Tiran 123 140Straw Jack 96Streisand Barbara 79The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

(Kuhn) 132Sudan 154Suez Canal 118 123 140 182Suez Crisis xvisuicide bombings xv 55 156 192summer circus camp 42sumud 16supermarket chains and BDS 240superpowers

in ancient IsraelPalestine 13ascollectiveactorinconflict10ndash13in decolonization era 114ndash118misuse of human rights doctrines 53 56Occupation and resistance and 134ndash136peace process and 153 154in pre-state period 93ndash96recent domination in Palestine 13 16two-state solution and 151

Sykes Mark 94Sykes-Picot agreement 88 94ndash97Syria

agricultural sector damage 98Arab Jews in 112 113army invasion of Israel 103civil war in 182claim on Golan Heights 9 23n26 152conflictin18current 141in decolonization era 116 117Egyptrsquos rivalry with 122Fatah support by 122Madrid Conference and 160Palestine imagined as province of 97refugee camps in 9 10 118 121

INDEX

299

refugees from 182Resolution 242 and 139 140Six Day War and 123 124support of Palestinian factions by 122

136unrest in 154Yom Kippur War and 138

TTaba Talks of 2001 162 163Tacitus 149Tahrir Square 222Tamimi Bassem 207 219Tamimi Bilal and Manal 38Tamimi Mostafa 38Tanzimat reforms 93ldquoTaxirdquo (Hammad) 56Taybeh Beer Brewery 40Teach for America 60Tel Aviv boardwalk 35Tel Aviv Israel 43 112 156 193 239Ten Point Program 146n71Tent of Nations 33 34Tessler Mark 17Thant U 123three-family story 194 195Three Norsquos of Khartoum 19 135Thucydides 129Transjordan option 20 25n75transnational market forces 6tribalism 213 214 217Truman Doctrine 115Truman Harry 115 116truth and reconciliation commissions 6Tulkarem West Bank 161 241Tunis Tunisia 143 155Tunisia

Arab Spring in 154Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 138 142 154 155

TurkeyArab Jews in 112aspirations of 179FreeGazaflotillaand168173n117ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140Israeli alliance with 117 141

population transfers and 64Turks See Ottoman EmpireTutu Desmond 3 189 19024 (TV show) 62two-state solution See also one-state

solutionalternatives to 70n87 166apartheid and 190failure of 66First Intifada and 143great powers and 151Green Line and 8 9 19 43human rights standards and 10Israeli settlements and 133 134land division and 43national liberation struggle and 243origins and resurfacing of 65Rabat Declaration and 159Resolution 181 and 235

Tzabar Shimon 129

UUAR (United Arab Republic) 118 122 123UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human

Rights) 50ndash52 56Uganda 8 14 80 87Ukraine 64 92Ulpan plan 92Ulrichrsquos story 185ultra-Orthodox Jews 31 35 77 78 101

See also Orthodox JewsUm al Fahm Israel 194 195Um Kammal 38 39UN Human Rights Commission 61UN Conciliation Commission on Palestine

(UNCCP) 121 122UN General Assembly

admission of PLO 139 167on Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54recognition of Palestine as observer

state 218 219Resolution 181 8 65 101 115

135 235UN High Commissioner for Refugees

(UNHCR) 121 122UN Human Rights Council 181

INDEX

300

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) 43

UN Relief Works Agency (UNRWA) xviii n14 22n23 121 122

UN Security Councilon Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54Resolution 242 134 135 162Resolution 338 162

UNESCO 167 181United Arab Emirates 65United Arab Republic (UAR) 118 122 123United Kingdom 64 65United Nations

at Madrid Conference 160Palestinian Authority and 199partitioning of historic Palestine 8 101

121protocols for protecting refugees 121refugee camps 104Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(UDHR) 50upgrading of Palestinersquos status 181 182Zionism and 214

United StatesAmerican Indians in 58 68n44anti-Arab anti-Muslim prejudice in

59ndash62Arab world awareness in 209Arafat and PLO rejected by 143 144

153 160arms delivery delays by 239BDS precedents in 240Bill of Rights 51blacks as superpatriots in 62blindness and deafness in 236Cold War and 115 117 118 124 139

152colonies in 219Declaration of Independence 68n44Egypt rejected by 117 118GI Bill of Rights 58grassroots social movements in 222Great Society project 228n65human rights standards ignored by 241Immigration and Nationality Act of

1965 58

importanceinconflict243244Israel as liability to 182Israeli-American alliance 116 138 139

152 153 217 227n50Israelrsquos special relationship with 98Jewish community in 44 80 89 91

114 116military aid to Egypt 140Occupation and resistance and 134occupation of Germany 132operations in IsraelPalestine 13 16Palestinian Authority and 161Palestinian elections and 166peace process and 144 152 153

158ndash160race riot responses in 150restrictive immigration policies 111Six Day War and 124suspension of air travel to Tel Aviv 239

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 50ndash52 56

universal jurisdiction 214 215universalismuniversal humanism 46 214

217universities and BDS 240university campuses prejudice on 59 60Uris Leon 208Uruguay 165US State Department 32USAID 229n74Use of Hebrew Date Law (1998) 132Ussishkin Menachem 195 196

VVenezuela 165Veolia 240Verwoerd Hendrik 189veteranrsquos preference 131Vietnam French in 219Vietnam War 134Vietnamese Liberation Front 124vigilantism 32 241 245n30village leagues 141violence

ahistorical presentation of 5resistance and 183state-sponsored 222

INDEX

301

vigilante 32voter suppression 76 82n13

WWadi al Narsquoam Israel 42Wadi Rasha (village) 157Wailing (Western) Wall in Old City 100

112al Walajeh (village) 30 31 133Waltz with Bashir (film) 219Wannsee Conference 187waqf Islamic 8 18 52War of Independence 8 9 103 111 115

116 182 See also Nakba (the Catastrophe)

water shortages 161 164Watergate scandal 138Waxmann Rivka and Haim 109ldquoWe Killed Jesus Wersquore Proud of Itrdquo

(YouTube video) 18Weber Max 49 81n6Weissglass Dov 158 159 187Weizmann Chaim 88 195 196West Bank

division into areas 10 104 161 164efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143efforts to pacify 141firstIntifada and 154 155free trade zones in 224Israeli control of 139 140 150Jewish settlements in 22 23n26 29

133 134 152Jordanian control of 8 9 104 117 118

135 137negotiations and 153new city in 224Palestinian population in 9refugee camps in 9 118Samaritans in 12 46 48n64separation barrier appropriation of land

in 156two-state solution and 159vigilante violence in 32

West Beirut Lebanon 138Western Sahara 154

White Paper of 1921 98 99White Paper of 1939 100 111Who Profits 28 43 239 242Wilson Woodrow 89witchcraft accusations of Pilgrims 78Wolfe Alan 214womenrsquos movement American 222World Trade Organization (WTO) 59 179

222World War I 88 89 94World War II

American occupation of Germany after 132

Great Britain and 104human rights framework and 51 53racial disadvantage after 74reduced to Holocaust 61Zionism and 8 100 101 111

World Zionist Organization (WZO) 87ndash89 234

WTO (the World Trade Organization) 59 179 222

Wye River memorandum 162WZO (World Zionist Organization) 87ndash89

234

YYad Larsquoachim 245n30Yasminersquos story 71 72Yehoshua AB 215Yemen 112 154Yiftachel Oren 243Yishuv 91 100 101 197Yitzachi Aryeh 109Yom Kippur War (1973) 69n54 138 139

182 231 232Young Cynthia 62Yugoslavia 64Yurirsquos story 57Yuvalrsquos story 231 232

ZZangwill Israel 195 196 207 225n4Zapatistas 222Zeidan Mohammad 131Ziadeh Rafif 41

INDEX

302

Zionism 71ndash82 207ndash224 See also pre-state period in history of Zionism Zionists

claim to ownership of IsraelPalestine 13 65 66

as colonization 178contradictions of 195ndash197criticism of 209ethnic cleansing and 196 208ndash212fear of assimilation and 87genocide framework and 186 187global empires and 64globalization and 220ndash224history of 7 8 234 235Holocaust and 8 73 100 101 208ndash211human rights violations and 7inversion of 78ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140 141Israeli-Palestinianconflictand12ndash16

23n38 72 73Jewish homeland vs Jewish state and 7

43 44Jewish identity and 215 216Jewish-Muslim relations prior to 11 12

23n37as Jewish nationalism 235nationalist movement of 66ldquonew Jewsrdquo and 111 112origins of 87

as Palestinian disaster 211parallels to back-to-Africa movement

80 81pioneering mentality 7 21n21psychology of 101rejection of 212 213safety and 216ndash219as self-ghettoization 212ndash216shared ancestry with Palestinians and

14 15Six Day War and 124socialist labor variant of 101universal vs particular in 214 215use of force and 15 24n54

Zionist Commission for Palestine 91 92Zionist Congress eighth (1907) 196Zionist Congress fifth (1901) 89Zionist Congress first (1897) 87 88 196Zionist Organization 87ndash89 91 92 97Zionists See also Zionism

Christian 12 208 225n7expulsion of Palestinians by (See

expulsion of Palestinians)Partition Plan and 102in pre-state period 87ndash93 98 102ldquosoftrdquo 211 226n23in United States 208 225n7

Zochrot (Remembrance) 28 43 237 242Zonszein Mairav 245n30

• REFERENCES
• INDEX

INDEX

299

refugees from 182Resolution 242 and 139 140Six Day War and 123 124support of Palestinian factions by 122

136unrest in 154Yom Kippur War and 138

TTaba Talks of 2001 162 163Tacitus 149Tahrir Square 222Tamimi Bassem 207 219Tamimi Bilal and Manal 38Tamimi Mostafa 38Tanzimat reforms 93ldquoTaxirdquo (Hammad) 56Taybeh Beer Brewery 40Teach for America 60Tel Aviv boardwalk 35Tel Aviv Israel 43 112 156 193 239Ten Point Program 146n71Tent of Nations 33 34Tessler Mark 17Thant U 123three-family story 194 195Three Norsquos of Khartoum 19 135Thucydides 129Transjordan option 20 25n75transnational market forces 6tribalism 213 214 217Truman Doctrine 115Truman Harry 115 116truth and reconciliation commissions 6Tulkarem West Bank 161 241Tunis Tunisia 143 155Tunisia

Arab Spring in 154Madrid Conference and 160Palestinian Diaspora in 66 104PLO in 138 142 154 155

TurkeyArab Jews in 112aspirations of 179FreeGazaflotillaand168173n117ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140Israeli alliance with 117 141

population transfers and 64Turks See Ottoman EmpireTutu Desmond 3 189 19024 (TV show) 62two-state solution See also one-state

solutionalternatives to 70n87 166apartheid and 190failure of 66First Intifada and 143great powers and 151Green Line and 8 9 19 43human rights standards and 10Israeli settlements and 133 134land division and 43national liberation struggle and 243origins and resurfacing of 65Rabat Declaration and 159Resolution 181 and 235

Tzabar Shimon 129

UUAR (United Arab Republic) 118 122 123UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human

Rights) 50ndash52 56Uganda 8 14 80 87Ukraine 64 92Ulpan plan 92Ulrichrsquos story 185ultra-Orthodox Jews 31 35 77 78 101

See also Orthodox JewsUm al Fahm Israel 194 195Um Kammal 38 39UN Human Rights Commission 61UN Conciliation Commission on Palestine

(UNCCP) 121 122UN General Assembly

admission of PLO 139 167on Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54recognition of Palestine as observer

state 218 219Resolution 181 8 65 101 115

135 235UN High Commissioner for Refugees

(UNHCR) 121 122UN Human Rights Council 181

INDEX

300

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) 43

UN Relief Works Agency (UNRWA) xviii n14 22n23 121 122

UN Security Councilon Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54Resolution 242 134 135 162Resolution 338 162

UNESCO 167 181United Arab Emirates 65United Arab Republic (UAR) 118 122 123United Kingdom 64 65United Nations

at Madrid Conference 160Palestinian Authority and 199partitioning of historic Palestine 8 101

121protocols for protecting refugees 121refugee camps 104Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(UDHR) 50upgrading of Palestinersquos status 181 182Zionism and 214

United StatesAmerican Indians in 58 68n44anti-Arab anti-Muslim prejudice in

59ndash62Arab world awareness in 209Arafat and PLO rejected by 143 144

153 160arms delivery delays by 239BDS precedents in 240Bill of Rights 51blacks as superpatriots in 62blindness and deafness in 236Cold War and 115 117 118 124 139

152colonies in 219Declaration of Independence 68n44Egypt rejected by 117 118GI Bill of Rights 58grassroots social movements in 222Great Society project 228n65human rights standards ignored by 241Immigration and Nationality Act of

1965 58

importanceinconflict243244Israel as liability to 182Israeli-American alliance 116 138 139

152 153 217 227n50Israelrsquos special relationship with 98Jewish community in 44 80 89 91

114 116military aid to Egypt 140Occupation and resistance and 134occupation of Germany 132operations in IsraelPalestine 13 16Palestinian Authority and 161Palestinian elections and 166peace process and 144 152 153

158ndash160race riot responses in 150restrictive immigration policies 111Six Day War and 124suspension of air travel to Tel Aviv 239

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 50ndash52 56

universal jurisdiction 214 215universalismuniversal humanism 46 214

217universities and BDS 240university campuses prejudice on 59 60Uris Leon 208Uruguay 165US State Department 32USAID 229n74Use of Hebrew Date Law (1998) 132Ussishkin Menachem 195 196

VVenezuela 165Veolia 240Verwoerd Hendrik 189veteranrsquos preference 131Vietnam French in 219Vietnam War 134Vietnamese Liberation Front 124vigilantism 32 241 245n30village leagues 141violence

ahistorical presentation of 5resistance and 183state-sponsored 222

INDEX

301

vigilante 32voter suppression 76 82n13

WWadi al Narsquoam Israel 42Wadi Rasha (village) 157Wailing (Western) Wall in Old City 100

112al Walajeh (village) 30 31 133Waltz with Bashir (film) 219Wannsee Conference 187waqf Islamic 8 18 52War of Independence 8 9 103 111 115

116 182 See also Nakba (the Catastrophe)

water shortages 161 164Watergate scandal 138Waxmann Rivka and Haim 109ldquoWe Killed Jesus Wersquore Proud of Itrdquo

(YouTube video) 18Weber Max 49 81n6Weissglass Dov 158 159 187Weizmann Chaim 88 195 196West Bank

division into areas 10 104 161 164efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143efforts to pacify 141firstIntifada and 154 155free trade zones in 224Israeli control of 139 140 150Jewish settlements in 22 23n26 29

133 134 152Jordanian control of 8 9 104 117 118

135 137negotiations and 153new city in 224Palestinian population in 9refugee camps in 9 118Samaritans in 12 46 48n64separation barrier appropriation of land

in 156two-state solution and 159vigilante violence in 32

West Beirut Lebanon 138Western Sahara 154

White Paper of 1921 98 99White Paper of 1939 100 111Who Profits 28 43 239 242Wilson Woodrow 89witchcraft accusations of Pilgrims 78Wolfe Alan 214womenrsquos movement American 222World Trade Organization (WTO) 59 179

222World War I 88 89 94World War II

American occupation of Germany after 132

Great Britain and 104human rights framework and 51 53racial disadvantage after 74reduced to Holocaust 61Zionism and 8 100 101 111

World Zionist Organization (WZO) 87ndash89 234

WTO (the World Trade Organization) 59 179 222

Wye River memorandum 162WZO (World Zionist Organization) 87ndash89

234

YYad Larsquoachim 245n30Yasminersquos story 71 72Yehoshua AB 215Yemen 112 154Yiftachel Oren 243Yishuv 91 100 101 197Yitzachi Aryeh 109Yom Kippur War (1973) 69n54 138 139

182 231 232Young Cynthia 62Yugoslavia 64Yurirsquos story 57Yuvalrsquos story 231 232

ZZangwill Israel 195 196 207 225n4Zapatistas 222Zeidan Mohammad 131Ziadeh Rafif 41

INDEX

302

Zionism 71ndash82 207ndash224 See also pre-state period in history of Zionism Zionists

claim to ownership of IsraelPalestine 13 65 66

as colonization 178contradictions of 195ndash197criticism of 209ethnic cleansing and 196 208ndash212fear of assimilation and 87genocide framework and 186 187global empires and 64globalization and 220ndash224history of 7 8 234 235Holocaust and 8 73 100 101 208ndash211human rights violations and 7inversion of 78ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140 141Israeli-Palestinianconflictand12ndash16

23n38 72 73Jewish homeland vs Jewish state and 7

43 44Jewish identity and 215 216Jewish-Muslim relations prior to 11 12

23n37as Jewish nationalism 235nationalist movement of 66ldquonew Jewsrdquo and 111 112origins of 87

as Palestinian disaster 211parallels to back-to-Africa movement

80 81pioneering mentality 7 21n21psychology of 101rejection of 212 213safety and 216ndash219as self-ghettoization 212ndash216shared ancestry with Palestinians and

14 15Six Day War and 124socialist labor variant of 101universal vs particular in 214 215use of force and 15 24n54

Zionist Commission for Palestine 91 92Zionist Congress eighth (1907) 196Zionist Congress fifth (1901) 89Zionist Congress first (1897) 87 88 196Zionist Organization 87ndash89 91 92 97Zionists See also Zionism

Christian 12 208 225n7expulsion of Palestinians by (See

expulsion of Palestinians)Partition Plan and 102in pre-state period 87ndash93 98 102ldquosoftrdquo 211 226n23in United States 208 225n7

Zochrot (Remembrance) 28 43 237 242Zonszein Mairav 245n30

• REFERENCES
• INDEX

INDEX

300

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) 43

UN Relief Works Agency (UNRWA) xviii n14 22n23 121 122

UN Security Councilon Fourth Geneva Convention Article

49 54Resolution 242 134 135 162Resolution 338 162

UNESCO 167 181United Arab Emirates 65United Arab Republic (UAR) 118 122 123United Kingdom 64 65United Nations

at Madrid Conference 160Palestinian Authority and 199partitioning of historic Palestine 8 101

121protocols for protecting refugees 121refugee camps 104Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(UDHR) 50upgrading of Palestinersquos status 181 182Zionism and 214

United StatesAmerican Indians in 58 68n44anti-Arab anti-Muslim prejudice in

59ndash62Arab world awareness in 209Arafat and PLO rejected by 143 144

153 160arms delivery delays by 239BDS precedents in 240Bill of Rights 51blacks as superpatriots in 62blindness and deafness in 236Cold War and 115 117 118 124 139

152colonies in 219Declaration of Independence 68n44Egypt rejected by 117 118GI Bill of Rights 58grassroots social movements in 222Great Society project 228n65human rights standards ignored by 241Immigration and Nationality Act of

1965 58

importanceinconflict243244Israel as liability to 182Israeli-American alliance 116 138 139

152 153 217 227n50Israelrsquos special relationship with 98Jewish community in 44 80 89 91

114 116military aid to Egypt 140Occupation and resistance and 134occupation of Germany 132operations in IsraelPalestine 13 16Palestinian Authority and 161Palestinian elections and 166peace process and 144 152 153

158ndash160race riot responses in 150restrictive immigration policies 111Six Day War and 124suspension of air travel to Tel Aviv 239

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 50ndash52 56

universal jurisdiction 214 215universalismuniversal humanism 46 214

217universities and BDS 240university campuses prejudice on 59 60Uris Leon 208Uruguay 165US State Department 32USAID 229n74Use of Hebrew Date Law (1998) 132Ussishkin Menachem 195 196

VVenezuela 165Veolia 240Verwoerd Hendrik 189veteranrsquos preference 131Vietnam French in 219Vietnam War 134Vietnamese Liberation Front 124vigilantism 32 241 245n30village leagues 141violence

ahistorical presentation of 5resistance and 183state-sponsored 222

INDEX

301

vigilante 32voter suppression 76 82n13

WWadi al Narsquoam Israel 42Wadi Rasha (village) 157Wailing (Western) Wall in Old City 100

112al Walajeh (village) 30 31 133Waltz with Bashir (film) 219Wannsee Conference 187waqf Islamic 8 18 52War of Independence 8 9 103 111 115

116 182 See also Nakba (the Catastrophe)

water shortages 161 164Watergate scandal 138Waxmann Rivka and Haim 109ldquoWe Killed Jesus Wersquore Proud of Itrdquo

(YouTube video) 18Weber Max 49 81n6Weissglass Dov 158 159 187Weizmann Chaim 88 195 196West Bank

division into areas 10 104 161 164efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143efforts to pacify 141firstIntifada and 154 155free trade zones in 224Israeli control of 139 140 150Jewish settlements in 22 23n26 29

133 134 152Jordanian control of 8 9 104 117 118

135 137negotiations and 153new city in 224Palestinian population in 9refugee camps in 9 118Samaritans in 12 46 48n64separation barrier appropriation of land

in 156two-state solution and 159vigilante violence in 32

West Beirut Lebanon 138Western Sahara 154

White Paper of 1921 98 99White Paper of 1939 100 111Who Profits 28 43 239 242Wilson Woodrow 89witchcraft accusations of Pilgrims 78Wolfe Alan 214womenrsquos movement American 222World Trade Organization (WTO) 59 179

222World War I 88 89 94World War II

American occupation of Germany after 132

Great Britain and 104human rights framework and 51 53racial disadvantage after 74reduced to Holocaust 61Zionism and 8 100 101 111

World Zionist Organization (WZO) 87ndash89 234

WTO (the World Trade Organization) 59 179 222

Wye River memorandum 162WZO (World Zionist Organization) 87ndash89

234

YYad Larsquoachim 245n30Yasminersquos story 71 72Yehoshua AB 215Yemen 112 154Yiftachel Oren 243Yishuv 91 100 101 197Yitzachi Aryeh 109Yom Kippur War (1973) 69n54 138 139

182 231 232Young Cynthia 62Yugoslavia 64Yurirsquos story 57Yuvalrsquos story 231 232

ZZangwill Israel 195 196 207 225n4Zapatistas 222Zeidan Mohammad 131Ziadeh Rafif 41

INDEX

302

Zionism 71ndash82 207ndash224 See also pre-state period in history of Zionism Zionists

claim to ownership of IsraelPalestine 13 65 66

as colonization 178contradictions of 195ndash197criticism of 209ethnic cleansing and 196 208ndash212fear of assimilation and 87genocide framework and 186 187global empires and 64globalization and 220ndash224history of 7 8 234 235Holocaust and 8 73 100 101 208ndash211human rights violations and 7inversion of 78ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140 141Israeli-Palestinianconflictand12ndash16

23n38 72 73Jewish homeland vs Jewish state and 7

43 44Jewish identity and 215 216Jewish-Muslim relations prior to 11 12

23n37as Jewish nationalism 235nationalist movement of 66ldquonew Jewsrdquo and 111 112origins of 87

as Palestinian disaster 211parallels to back-to-Africa movement

80 81pioneering mentality 7 21n21psychology of 101rejection of 212 213safety and 216ndash219as self-ghettoization 212ndash216shared ancestry with Palestinians and

14 15Six Day War and 124socialist labor variant of 101universal vs particular in 214 215use of force and 15 24n54

Zionist Commission for Palestine 91 92Zionist Congress eighth (1907) 196Zionist Congress fifth (1901) 89Zionist Congress first (1897) 87 88 196Zionist Organization 87ndash89 91 92 97Zionists See also Zionism

Christian 12 208 225n7expulsion of Palestinians by (See

expulsion of Palestinians)Partition Plan and 102in pre-state period 87ndash93 98 102ldquosoftrdquo 211 226n23in United States 208 225n7

Zochrot (Remembrance) 28 43 237 242Zonszein Mairav 245n30

• REFERENCES
• INDEX

INDEX

301

vigilante 32voter suppression 76 82n13

WWadi al Narsquoam Israel 42Wadi Rasha (village) 157Wailing (Western) Wall in Old City 100

112al Walajeh (village) 30 31 133Waltz with Bashir (film) 219Wannsee Conference 187waqf Islamic 8 18 52War of Independence 8 9 103 111 115

116 182 See also Nakba (the Catastrophe)

water shortages 161 164Watergate scandal 138Waxmann Rivka and Haim 109ldquoWe Killed Jesus Wersquore Proud of Itrdquo

(YouTube video) 18Weber Max 49 81n6Weissglass Dov 158 159 187Weizmann Chaim 88 195 196West Bank

division into areas 10 104 161 164efforts to achieve Palestinian state in

143efforts to pacify 141firstIntifada and 154 155free trade zones in 224Israeli control of 139 140 150Jewish settlements in 22 23n26 29

133 134 152Jordanian control of 8 9 104 117 118

135 137negotiations and 153new city in 224Palestinian population in 9refugee camps in 9 118Samaritans in 12 46 48n64separation barrier appropriation of land

in 156two-state solution and 159vigilante violence in 32

West Beirut Lebanon 138Western Sahara 154

White Paper of 1921 98 99White Paper of 1939 100 111Who Profits 28 43 239 242Wilson Woodrow 89witchcraft accusations of Pilgrims 78Wolfe Alan 214womenrsquos movement American 222World Trade Organization (WTO) 59 179

222World War I 88 89 94World War II

American occupation of Germany after 132

Great Britain and 104human rights framework and 51 53racial disadvantage after 74reduced to Holocaust 61Zionism and 8 100 101 111

World Zionist Organization (WZO) 87ndash89 234

WTO (the World Trade Organization) 59 179 222

Wye River memorandum 162WZO (World Zionist Organization) 87ndash89

234

YYad Larsquoachim 245n30Yasminersquos story 71 72Yehoshua AB 215Yemen 112 154Yiftachel Oren 243Yishuv 91 100 101 197Yitzachi Aryeh 109Yom Kippur War (1973) 69n54 138 139

182 231 232Young Cynthia 62Yugoslavia 64Yurirsquos story 57Yuvalrsquos story 231 232

ZZangwill Israel 195 196 207 225n4Zapatistas 222Zeidan Mohammad 131Ziadeh Rafif 41

INDEX

302

Zionism 71ndash82 207ndash224 See also pre-state period in history of Zionism Zionists

claim to ownership of IsraelPalestine 13 65 66

as colonization 178contradictions of 195ndash197criticism of 209ethnic cleansing and 196 208ndash212fear of assimilation and 87genocide framework and 186 187global empires and 64globalization and 220ndash224history of 7 8 234 235Holocaust and 8 73 100 101 208ndash211human rights violations and 7inversion of 78ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140 141Israeli-Palestinianconflictand12ndash16

23n38 72 73Jewish homeland vs Jewish state and 7

43 44Jewish identity and 215 216Jewish-Muslim relations prior to 11 12

23n37as Jewish nationalism 235nationalist movement of 66ldquonew Jewsrdquo and 111 112origins of 87

as Palestinian disaster 211parallels to back-to-Africa movement

80 81pioneering mentality 7 21n21psychology of 101rejection of 212 213safety and 216ndash219as self-ghettoization 212ndash216shared ancestry with Palestinians and

14 15Six Day War and 124socialist labor variant of 101universal vs particular in 214 215use of force and 15 24n54

Zionist Commission for Palestine 91 92Zionist Congress eighth (1907) 196Zionist Congress fifth (1901) 89Zionist Congress first (1897) 87 88 196Zionist Organization 87ndash89 91 92 97Zionists See also Zionism

Christian 12 208 225n7expulsion of Palestinians by (See

expulsion of Palestinians)Partition Plan and 102in pre-state period 87ndash93 98 102ldquosoftrdquo 211 226n23in United States 208 225n7

Zochrot (Remembrance) 28 43 237 242Zonszein Mairav 245n30

• REFERENCES
• INDEX

INDEX

302

Zionism 71ndash82 207ndash224 See also pre-state period in history of Zionism Zionists

claim to ownership of IsraelPalestine 13 65 66

as colonization 178contradictions of 195ndash197criticism of 209ethnic cleansing and 196 208ndash212fear of assimilation and 87genocide framework and 186 187global empires and 64globalization and 220ndash224history of 7 8 234 235Holocaust and 8 73 100 101 208ndash211human rights violations and 7inversion of 78ldquoiron wallrdquo and 140 141Israeli-Palestinianconflictand12ndash16

23n38 72 73Jewish homeland vs Jewish state and 7

43 44Jewish identity and 215 216Jewish-Muslim relations prior to 11 12

23n37as Jewish nationalism 235nationalist movement of 66ldquonew Jewsrdquo and 111 112origins of 87

as Palestinian disaster 211parallels to back-to-Africa movement

80 81pioneering mentality 7 21n21psychology of 101rejection of 212 213safety and 216ndash219as self-ghettoization 212ndash216shared ancestry with Palestinians and

14 15Six Day War and 124socialist labor variant of 101universal vs particular in 214 215use of force and 15 24n54

Zionist Commission for Palestine 91 92Zionist Congress eighth (1907) 196Zionist Congress fifth (1901) 89Zionist Congress first (1897) 87 88 196Zionist Organization 87ndash89 91 92 97Zionists See also Zionism

Christian 12 208 225n7expulsion of Palestinians by (See

expulsion of Palestinians)Partition Plan and 102in pre-state period 87ndash93 98 102ldquosoftrdquo 211 226n23in United States 208 225n7

Zochrot (Remembrance) 28 43 237 242Zonszein Mairav 245n30

• REFERENCES
• INDEX