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States of Matter

Smallest group of particles that retains shape of crystal.

Unit cell

Which particles in a liquid evaporate?

The particles with the highest KE

True or False? Molecules in a liquid move, but only from a fixed point.

False, true for solids

What is the difference between an amorphous and crystalline solid?

Amorphous is disorderedCrystal is ordered

True or False. Water has a relatively high vapor pressure.

False

Why does water have a low vapor pressure?

Hydrogen bonding holds water molecules back from

evaporating

What are the bonds called between an oxygen and hydrogen atom in one

molecule of water?

Polar covalent bond

The bonds between adjacent water molecules are called _______?

Hydrogen bonds

What is the name for a solid that is dissolved in a solution?

Solute

What is the name for a liquid that does the dissolving in a

solution?

Solvent

It takes a lot of energy to melt ice. Why?

Hydrogen bonding creates extra bond energy

A solute plus a solvent gives a _______.

Solution

What type of compounds are always electrolytes?

Ionic compounds

Which of the following compounds is not an electolyte?

LiBr, CF4, RbCl2, CsCl

CF4

What does the term “like dissolves like” mean when a chemist uses it?

Polar solutes are dissolved (soluble) by polar solventsNonpolar solutes are dissolved (soluble) in nonpolar solvents

What are the two types of heterogeneous aqueous systems?

Colloids and Suspensions

What is a more common term for a homogeneous aqueous system?

Solution

As individual solute ions break away from a crystal, the negatively and positively charged ions become

surrounded by solvent molecules. What process is being described?

Solvation

True or False. The structure of ice is an irregular closed framework of

water molecules arranged like a honeycomb.

False, “regular open”

A substance that interferes with the hydrogen bonding in water is

known as a(n) ________.

Surfactant

Many unique and important properties of water result

from ________.

Hydrogen bonding

Colloids, solutions, or suspensions. Which of these exhibits the Tyndall effect?

Colloids and suspensions

What is an emulsion?

A colloid formed when two liquids are mixed together.

Compare and contrast solutions, colloids, and suspensions based on

particle size?

Solutions – less than 1 nmColloids – between 1 nm – 1000 nmSuspensions – greater than 1000 nm

Ionized gas.

Plasma

Describe sublimation.

Going from solid directly to gas

Describe condensation.

Going from gas to liquid

Describe deposition.

Going from gas directly to solid

Describe vaporization.

Going from liquid to gas.

Heating/Cooling Curve

Heating/Cooling Curve

Phase Diagram of H2O

Water Vapor

<---CondensationVaporization --->

Water

Ice

<---MeltingFreezing--->

Triple Point

<---DepositionSublimation--->