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4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE The High Power Microwave Facility: Orion

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7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) QinetiQ Malvern Technology Centre St. Andrews Road, Great MalvernWorcestershire, WR14 3PS U.K.

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Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18

The Orion High Power Microwave Facility & Operational Test Sources

© QinetiQ Ltd 2002Cody Technology Park, Farnborough, Hampshire, GU14 0LX

Brian A KerrA presentation to: Tactical Implications of High Power Microwaves - SCI-119 WorkshopDate : 12:06:2002

3

Presentation Overview• Orion HPM Source

– Cathode Research

• Other RF Sources: Operational Test Sources

– Microwave Pulse Compressor

– CW / Pulse Magnetron

– Marine Radar

• UWB Sources

– Crazy Horse

– 16 Element Array

Orion HPM System

5

Introduction: HPM Research Facility

• Orion was designed and constructed by PI in the USA to a UK specification

• Extremely versatile HPM source

• Valuable research system

– Source Development

– Cathode Research

6High Power Microwave Facility: Orion

t = 0.1001 t = 0.2005

7HPM Source Specifications• Frequency

– Tuneable across the range 1.07GHz to 3.00GHz

• Electrical Pulse Duration

– Variable from 50ns to 500ns in 50ns steps

• Power

– 350MW peak across the entire frequency range

– Max peak power +1GW

• Repetition Rate

– Variable single shot to 100Hz

8

Schematic of Orion System

Control Systems

PrimePower

PulsedPower Magnetron Combiner/

Attenuator Antenna

Diagnostic Systems

9Orion Modulator

t = 0.1001 t = 0.2005

10Relativistic Magnetron

t = 0.1001 t = 0.2005

11Orion Source

t = 0.1001 t = 0.2005

12Waveguide Combiner / Attenuator

t = 0.1001 t = 0.2005

13Antenna System

t = 0.1001 t = 0.2005

14Control and Diagnostic Systems

t = 0.1001 t = 0.2005

15

Radiated Pulses

-1e-07 7.2e-07 1.54e-06 2.36e-06 3.18e-06 4e-068e+08

9e+08

1e+09

1.1e+09

1.2e+09

1.3e+09

1.4e+09

1.5e+09

1.6e+09

1.7e+09

1.8e+09

Time

Freq

uenc

y

Short-Time Fourier Transform Frequency Spectrum

16HPM Radiated Pulses Frequency SpectrumFourier Frequency Spectrum

1.2827e+09

1.2954e+09

1.3053e+09

1.3119e+09

9e+08 1.1e+09 1.3e+09 1.5e+09 1.7e+09Frequency

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

dB

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

dB

Cathode Research

18

Cathode Research (St. Andrews University)

Research CathodesOrion Cathodes

19Cathode Research (St. Andrews University)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 50 100 150 200

VELVET with end-hatsVELVET without end-hatsFABRIC without end-hatsDISK with end-hatsPIN

VELVET with caps

PIN

VELVET without caps

FABRIC without caps

DISK with caps

POW

ER, M

W

PULSE LENGTH, ns

POWER vs PULSE LENGTHARM 1

Frequency=1.3 GHz, Charging Voltage30kV

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

P/P

max

magnet current, A

no caps

caps

combined datapin, velvet and disc cathodes

Peak power doubled

Other RF Sources

21

Other RF sources• Other methods of producing high power microwaves are

being investigated.

• Systems that are part of the UK HPM capability are:

– RF Pulse Compressor

– CW / Pulse Magnetron

– Marine Radar

22

3.0 GHz, 200 MW Microwave Pulse Compressor

23

Microwave Sources

Pulsed Magnetron

Marine Radar

24

Ultrawideband• The UK has a range of Ultrawideband sources

• These include:

– Crazy Horse UWB Array

– 16-Element UWB Array

25

Crazy Horse UWB Source & Antenna Array

26

Ultrawideband 16 Element Array

Summary

28

Summary

• Versatile HPM & UWB sources: – Power – Frequency – PRF

• Orion Source is available for joint collaborative research programmes or ‘hire’

29

Acknowledgment

• Orion is a UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) facility which is operated by QinetiQ with funds provided from the MoD Corporate Research Programme (CRP)

RTO-MP-SCI-119 26 - 1

UNCLASSIFIED/UNLIMITED

UNCLASSIFIED/UNLIMITED

The High Power Microwave Facility: Orion

Brian A. Kerr / Stephen N. Spark / Mark I. Harbour / Steve C. Douglas QinetiQ Malvern Technology Centre

St. Andrews Road, Great Malvern Worcestershire, WR14 3PS

U.K.

The Orion high power microwave facility was designed and constructed by Physics International (PI), San Leandro, California, USA, to a design specification which arose within the UK. This presentation will provide an overview of the HPM system capabilities.

Orion is capable of generating HPM radiation across a continuous tuneable bandwidth of 1.07GHz to 3.00GHz. This is achieved via four tuneable magnetrons each capable of operating over a 30% bandwidth via a proprietary tuning technique developed by PI. To meet the requirements of the UK specification, Orion is capable of generating typically +300MW of RF power over the entire operating band. With a magnetron efficiency between 10% to 20%, the pulsed power system has been designed to deliver 5GW of electrical power into the 50 ohm magnetron load.

The operational principles of the HPM system will be described, highlighting the versatility of the source in four key areas; frequency of operation, output power, pulse duration and pulse repetition frequency. The key characteristics of the source are listed in table 1.

Table 1: Specification of the Orion HPM system

Parameter Specification Operating Frequency Tuneable from 1.07GHz through to 3.00GHz Modulator Peak Power 5GW Peak Voltage 500kV (Magnetron) Impedance 50 ohms Electrical Pulse Duration 50 to 500ns in 50ns Steps (Modulator) Pulse Repetition Rate Single Shot to 100Hz Burst Duration 10 seconds (Maximum) Inter Burst Delay 8 minutes (Minimum) Prime Power 500kW Average

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Orion is a UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) facility, operated by QinetiQ with funds provided from the MoD Corporate Research Programme (CRP).

© Crown copyright 2002.

Kerr, B.A.; Spark, S.N.; Harbour, M.I.; Douglas, S.C. (2002) The High Power Microwave Facility: Orion. In Tactical Implications of High Power Microwaves (pp. 26-1 – 26-2). Meeting Proceedings RTO-MP-SCI-119, Paper 26. Neuilly-sur-Seine, France: RTO. Available from: http://www.rto.nato.int/abstracts.asp.

The High Power Microwave Facility: Orion

26 - 2 RTO-MP-SCI-119

UNCLASSIFIED/UNLIMITED

UNCLASSIFIED/UNLIMITED

SYMPOSIA DISCUSSION – PAPER NO: 26

Discusser’s Name: Unknown

Question: Magnetrons tuned? Cam freqs be changed?

Author’s Name: Kerr

Author’s Response: Tunable, but

Discusser’s Name: Römer

Question: Pulse duration 500 ns?

Author’s Name: Kerr

Author’s Response: If narrow, 30 ns – 300 ns.