:)Q&Aa confident and optimistic young womana talent singer

a singer enjoying singing on stagea smiling singera singer with a unique voice

a singer who/that has just passed away because of breast cancer

a singer liked and admired by large numbers of young fans

Q&A:)

Guess! ?It can be a wonderful present for

foreigners whowho love Chinese

culture.

It is a Chinese folk art whichwhich has a

long history.

It is something thatthat people can use to

make patterns on clothing.

It can be used by the people whosewhose

purposes are to celebrate

festivals.

It is made of paper whichwhich can be used

to decorate the house.

1Underline and pick out the

sentences with the patterns in the text.

Activity 1. Find them out!

1Activity 1. Find them out!

1. Chen Zijiang is a paper-cutting expert whom I

interviewed for my article on Chinese Art. 2. Paper-cutting is something that he learned to do

from an early age.3. Paper cuts of animals have been found in tombs

which date back to the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasty!

4. A young farmer who wanted a wife would look at a young woman's paper skills before marrying her!

5. There are three types of paper cuts which people still make today.

6. A present for parents whose child has recently been born might show a paper cut of children.

7. Paper cuts which show the Chinese character for double happiness are often used to celebrate weddings.

8. People to whom the dead person was related would make these offerings on special days and during festivals.

Find these relative pronouns in the

text:who, that, which, whose, whom

Which of them:

a) can refer to people?

b) can refer to things?

c) refers to possession?

who, that, whom

that, which

whose

Relative Clauses

定语从句

2. Summarize the

grammar rules.

21. Chen Zijiang is a paper-cutting expert whom I

interviewed for my article on Chinese Art.

Chen Zijiang is a paper-cutting expert. I

interviewed him for my article on Chinese Art.

2. A young farmer who wanted a wife would

look at a young woman's paper skills before

marrying her!

A young farmer wanted a wife. He would look at a

young woman’s paper skills before marrying her!

1. Divide the following sentences into two

sentences.

Activity 2. Give it try!

23. Paper-cutting is something that he learned to

do from an early age.Paper-cutting is something. He learned to do it

from an early age.4. Paper cuts of animals have been found in

tombs which date back to the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasty!

Paper cuts of animals have been found in tombs. They

date back to the time of the Northern and Southern

Dynasty!5. A present for parents whose child has recently

been born might show a paper cut of children.A present for parents might show a paper cut of children. Their child has recently been born.

2farmer who wanted a wifeexpert whom I interviewed

something that he learned to do paper cuts which date back to the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasty

parents whose child has recently been born People’sPeople’s

2. The structure

peoplepeople

thingsthings

n.pron.先行词

n.pron.先行词

Relative Clauses

先行词 + 关系词 ( 引导词） + 定语从句。

关系词关系词 定语从句定语从句

Attributive Clause:

定语从句指在主句中起定语作用，并定语从句指在主句中起定语作用，并修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或者整个主修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或者整个主句的句子。 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词句的句子。 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。叫先行词。

定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断

是否是定语从句。是否是定语从句。

关系词三个作用：

• (1) 引导定语从句。

• (2) 代替先行词。

• (3) 在定语从句中担当一个成分。

An accountant is a person who has to

check numbers every day. ( 下定义 )

Ex7:Look at these expressions from the

text and decide when can leave out who

etc.:1. a paper-cutting expert whom I

interviewed.

2. something that he learned.

3. a young farmer who wanted a wife.

( )

( )

4. paper cuts which show the Chinese

character.5. parents whose child has recently been

born.

指代 所做成分 是否可省略that 人；物主语；宾语 作宾语可省which 物 主语；宾语 作宾语可省who 人 主语；宾语 作宾语可省whom 人 宾语 可省whose人；物 定语 不可省

关系代词的用法关系代词的用法关系代词

Ex9:Read the sentences below. Circle the

relative pronouns and underline the relative

clauses. Cross out the pronouns which can

be left out.

1. I loved the meal that we had last night.

2. The opera that we saw was terribly

boring.

3. I think the architect who designed

the new building is very creative.

4. Have you bought the CD which I

told you about?

5. He was a painter whose pictures

were not well-known in his

lifetime.

Practice (1) The girl who/that is standing there is Mary.

(2) The man ( whom/who/that ) my mother

saw in the street is my teacher.

(3) The book which/that tells us about the

earth is interesting.

( who, that 指人，在从句中作主语）

(whom, who, that 指人，在从句中作宾语，也可省略 )

(which, that 指物，在从句中作主语 , 不可省略 )

(4) The building (which/that) he referred to is beautiful.

(5) She lives in a house whose windows face south.

(6) The company will employ a person whose English is good.

The book whose cover /the cover of which/ of which the cover is blue.

(which, that 指物，在从句中作宾语，可省略）

(whose 指物，在从句中作 windows 的定语）

(whose 在从句中指人，作定语 ) whose 即可指人，也可指物，是所有格，在从句中作定语，指物时可与 of which 互换 , 指人时可与 of whom 互换。

做定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。

Notices: that/ which 区别

1.that指物时一般可以与 which互换，但在下列情况中一般只能用 that,不可以用 which:

I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.

①① 当先行词中有不定代词当先行词中有不定代词 all, much, little, few, all, much, little, few, some, no, none, any, something, anything, some, no, none, any, something, anything, everything, nothingeverything, nothing 等时等时 ..

②② 先行词被先行词被 one of , the right, the only, theone of , the right, the only, the very, the lastvery, the last 等修饰时等修饰时 ..

This is the very book (that) I want to find.

This is the first composition (that) he has written in English.

④④ 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。。

③ ③ 当主句是特殊疑问句时，定语从句用当主句是特殊疑问句时，定语从句用 thatthat 引引导导。。What that is on the table belongs to me?

⑤⑤ 主句是主句是 there be there be 句型句型Once upon a time, there was a lion Once upon a time, there was a lion that was that was called Simba.called Simba.

China is no longer the country that it used to be.

He talked about the teachers and schools

that he had visited.

⑥ ⑥ 当先行词当先行词既有人又有物既有人又有物时，定语从句要用时，定语从句要用thatthat 引导。引导。

⑦⑦ 当先行词在主句中或关系代词在定语从句中当先行词在主句中或关系代词在定语从句中做表做表语语时时 ..

2.只能用 which不能用 that的情况 :

① 引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时 .

a. Bruce went toward the fire, which was still smoking.

b. He came late again, which made the teacher angry.

② 先行词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置。

This is the house in which Lu Xun lived.

如果介词后置：

This is the house which/that Lu Xun lived in.

This is the house where Lu Xun lived.

学从句 , 猜灯谜• 1. What is the question that has millions of

correct answers? That’s to say, everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct.

• 2. What English word means a boy or a girl who goes to school and at the same time is the name of a part of a face?

• 3.What is that which the more you take from the larger it grows?

• 4. There is a place, where Thursday comes before Wednesday. Where is it ?

pupil

hole

In the dictionary.

What is your name?

• That man is the richest whose pleasure are the cheapest.

• 能处处寻求快乐的人才是最富有的人。 • － Henry David Thoreau （美国作家梭罗）• Only those who have the patience to do

simple things perfectly ever acquire the skill to do difficult things easily.

• 只有有耐心圆满完成简单工作的人，才能够轻而易举的完成困难的事。

• － Friedrich Schiller （德国剧作家诗人席勒）

Proverbs

• A man can succeed in almost anything for which he has unlimited enthusiasm.

• 无论何事，只要对它有无限的热情你就能取得成功。

• － C. M. Schwabe （美国实业家施瓦布） • The man who has made up his mind to win will

never say "impossible". • 凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说 " 不可能的 "

。 • － Bonapart Napoleon （法国皇帝拿破仑）

Exercise10 Fill the blanks

• 1. that/ \

• 2. who / that ( better)

• 3. that / which

• 4. whose

• 5. that / who

• 6. who / that ( better)

• I am studying in a famous school which/ that dates back to 1991. When you entering the second school gate, you will see that on the left side of the school is the library in which I often read books. On the right side are two teaching buildings and a meeting room whose door faces south. In the middle of the campus stands another teacher building. Behind it are the science building and the playground (which/that) I like best because I can do exercise there. The dormitories of teachers and students are around the campus.

• I have great respect for my teachers who/that devote themselves to their work. Besides, the two foreign teachers whose name are Blake and Michele are easily spotted in the crowds. They are friendly to us. What’s more, my deskmate is one of the nicest people (that/who/ whom) I have ever met. I also get along well with my classmates from whom I learn much. I have a great love for my school life.

The girl who is raising her hand is my sister.

He is the policeman who told me the way yesterday.

I like the man who is thinking now.

I lost the glasses that/which I bought in Beijing.

This is a truck which is made in China.

The piano is a kind of instruments that is loved by many people.

Ex11. Add relative clauses to complete

the sentences

1. I enjoy watching films which …

I enjoy watching films that…

2. I like meeting people who…

I like meeting people whose…

3. I like visiting places that…

I like visiting paces which…

Examples• 1. I enjoy watching films which tells wars. • I enjoy watching films that are starred by Bruce

Lee.• 2. I like meeting people who are open-minded. • I like meeting people whose mother tongue is

English.• 3. I like visiting places that have plenty of tourist

attractions. • I like visiting paces which have no heavy traffic

and crowds.

1. Do you like decorations that are made out

of silk/ thread?

2. Do you have friends who are a paper-cutting / badminton/basketball expert?

3. Do you study subjects that has many abstract concepts?

4. Do you have neighbors whose daughter

is going to study abroad?

5.Do you listen to music which has loud noise/ has quick rhythm/ sounds sad?

He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.

Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.

China is no longer the country that it used to be.

• EX10.

• 1. that/ \

• 2. that/ who

• 3. that/ which /\

• 4. whose

• 5. that / who

• 6. who/ that

3List 12List 12

an egg

England

an

elephant

the

evening

an

entrance

an

emperor

List 12List 12

an egg

England

an

elephant

the

evening

an

entrance

an

emperor

Once upon a time, there was a girl

called Mary ________________. She found

a gold egg one evening in her small

and poor house ________________. The

emperor_________

heard of the news and really wanted

to take a look. So the other day he

rode on an elephant

_____________________to Mary’s home. At the entrance______________________

_____, a strong wind stopped him________…….....

3. Create your funny

story

3List 12List 12

an egg

England

an

elephant

the

evening

an

entrance

an

emperor

List 12List 12

an egg

England

an

elephant

the

evening

an

entrance

an

emperor

Once upon a time, there was a girl

called Mary whose hair was really

brown. She found a gold egg one

evening in her small and poor house

which was far away from England. The

emperor who loved looking for every

valuable object heard of the news and

really wanted to take a look. So the

other day he rode on an elephant

which was the gift from India to Mary’s

home. At the entrance that the

emperor would go through, a strong

wind stopped him which made the

emperor very sad. .............

Bye!

:)Polish your own story to make it

more attractive.

Homework:

3Activity 3. Design your story!

1. Write up definitions for each item in

the list, using relative clauses. You

may refer to your dictionary.

An emperor: a person who rules a

country

For example:

List 12List 12

an egg

England

an

elephant

the

evening

an

entrance

an

emperor

List 12List 12

an egg

England

an

elephant

the

evening

an

entrance

an

emperor

2. Read out your definitions for others to guess.