...PREFACE TO VOL. XXVII Follow ing is a synopsis of the documents contained in the present volume....

318

Transcript of ...PREFACE TO VOL. XXVII Follow ing is a synopsis of the documents contained in the present volume....

Page 1: ...PREFACE TO VOL. XXVII Follow ing is a synopsis of the documents contained in the present volume. LIII. Part I. of this R ela tion, written by the superior, Vimont, was given in
Page 2: ...PREFACE TO VOL. XXVII Follow ing is a synopsis of the documents contained in the present volume. LIII. Part I. of this R ela tion, written by the superior, Vimont, was given in
Page 3: ...PREFACE TO VOL. XXVII Follow ing is a synopsis of the documents contained in the present volume. LIII. Part I. of this R ela tion, written by the superior, Vimont, was given in
Page 4: ...PREFACE TO VOL. XXVII Follow ing is a synopsis of the documents contained in the present volume. LIII. Part I. of this R ela tion, written by the superior, Vimont, was given in

The JesuitRelations andAl l iedDocuments

TRAVELS AND ExPLORATIONS

OF TH E JESU ITM ISSIONAR IES

IN NEWFRANCE1610 - 179 1

TH E OR IGINAL FR ENCH,LATIN

,AND ITAL

IAN TEXTS ,WITH ENGLISH TR ANSLA

TIONS AND NOTES ; ILLUSTRATED BY

PORTRAITS,MAPS

,AND FACSIMILES

EDITED BY

REUBEN GOLD THWAITESSecretary of the State H istorica l SocietyjofWisconsin

HURONS , LOWER CANADA : 1642— 1645

CLEVELAND : (the JBut’

rows JBtott B

Company, PU BL ISHER S , M DCCCXCVI IIx x

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CONTENTS OF VOL. XXVII

PR EFACE To VOLUME XXVII

DOCU MENTS

LIII . Relation de ce qvi S’est passé en la Nov

velle France , és années 1643 . 1644 .

[Chap . vi . to end of Part I I . , completingthe document ] H iervsm e La lem a n t; DesHurons , September 2 1 , 1643 , and March

3 1 , 1644

LIV . Journal des PP . Jésuites . H ier osm e Lezle

m dnt; Quebek , September—December ,164 5

LV . R elation de cc qvi s’est passé en la Nov

velle France , és années 1644 . 164 5 .

[Chaps . i . xi .] B a r t/telemy Vimont;

Quebec , October 1 , 164 5

B IBL IOGR APH ICAL DATA : VOLU ME XXVII

NOTES

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ILLUSTRAT IONS TO VOL. XXVII

I . R educed facsimile of Brief of Pope Urban

VI II . , dated February 1 8 , 1644 , grantinga plenary indulgence

II . Photographic facsimile of title -page, R e

la tion of 1 644—45

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PREFACE TO VOL. XXVII

Follow ing is a synopsis of the documents containedin th e present volume .

LIII . Part I . of this R ela tion ,written by the

super ior , Vimont , was given in Vols . XXV. andXXVI . ; Part I I . , sent to Vimont from the Huron

country by Jerome La l em an t , was commenced in

Vo l . XXVI . , and i s here concluded .

Continuing his survey of the Huron missions for1642 — 4 3 , La l em an t states that lack of workers haspr evented the Jesuits from car rying on their labors

,

begun tw o years before , among the Neutral Nation ;some of the Christian Hurons , however , have preachedamong them , meeting with considerable success . At

the end of the winter, one hundred of this tribe visitthe Jesuits in the Huron country , and are so pleasedwith what they see and hear that they promise theFather s a favorable reception by their people .

A sanguinary attack by this tribe upon the M a s

coutens , last summer , is described . The latter con

sti tute a nation more populous than the Neutrals ,Hurons , and Iroquois , all together ; they speak anAlgonkin dialect, and offer a vast field for missionary

labor .The station of St . Jean Baptiste is still in chargeof Daniel . A notable increase in the number of

conver sions i s reported ; and several insta nces of

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10 PREFACE TO VOL . XX V] "

devotion and piety are related . Driven hither by

the murderous Iroquois , many Algonkins from the St .Lawrence valley have taken refuge with the Hurons ;and in their behalf is established the mission of Ste .

Elizabeth , in charge of Menard . He soon finds readyaccess to them , and they listen to him willingly ;several conversions occur among them .

The final chapter describes the labors of P ijart and

Menard , begun in the previous summer , among theNipissing Algonkins . They meet a friendly reception ; but on attempting to rebuke the superstitiousa nd licentious practices of the natives , much opposition is aroused , and the missionaries are even threatened and assaulted . In December

,these and several

other Algonkin tribes come to winter among theHurons , and Pijart continues his instruction to them .

He secures some conversions , and baptizes several atthe point of death .

It will be remembered (see Preface to Vo l . XXV. )that the original Huron report for 1642 — 43 was capta red by the Iroquois ; and the second draft thereofreached Quebec too late , in the autumn of 1643 , tobe sent to France from Quebec , for insertion in theR ela tion of that year. In publishing this belated co

py

in the R ela tion of 1643 —44 , the account of affairs inthe Huron mission is brought up to date by a supplementary letter from La l em an t to his provincial , datedMarch 3 1 , 1644 . In this epistle

, La l em an t reportsthat the Iroquois have closed all passage by therivers to Quebec ; many of the Hurons

,attempting to

descend thither, have been slaughtered or captured,

or have barely escaped with their lives ; and their

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P R EFACE TO VOL . XX V/1

helped still further to desolate this afflicted land,

prevailing among all the tribes for over a hundred

leagues around . There is hardly enough Indiancorn for sowing th e fields . Fortunately , th e Jesuits

have a good supply of corn ; and this enables themto exercise toward th e starvin g Indians a charity thatwins their affection . On the whole , the church hasbeen strengthened , rather than injured , by theseafflictions . The mission stations have become r esideuces

,and th e chapels have been everyw her e

enlarged . The Chr istians a r e notably mor e numerous , and even the In fidel s a r e less hostile .

LIV . We her e commence the publication of th e

j our n a l des j ésui tes ,— as i ts title indicates , a br ief record, from day to day , of events occurring in th e Jesuitr esidence a t Quebec , and written by the super ior inch arge . It is pr efaced by an outline of affair s inCanada

,as they existed a t the time when Jerome

La l em an t came dow n to Quebec (September ,to replace Vimont as super ior of th e Canadian mis

sion . The j our na l itself commences October 1 7 ,

1 64 5 , and continues to June 2 1 , 1 668 , w ith some gaps

between 1 6 54 and 1 6 56 ; we shall pr esent i ts contentsin yearly installments ,— the portion given in thisvolume embracing September to December , 164 5 .

The R ela tions were formal accounts , carefully edited

in Quebec and in Paris , and avowedly published forthe purpose of attracting money and recruits for themissions of New France ; it is to the letters and otherinformal documents of th e peri od , th at we must look

for side lights with which to illumine the her oic pic

tur e of th e Jesuits in New France . Among the mass

of material of this character which will be suppliedin th e pr esent series , no document will be more

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12 P R EFA CE TO VOL . XX VI ]

serviceable to histor ians of th e period than the f our

ua l a’es f e

sui tes , which i s th e more valuable becauseobviously n ot intended for th e public eye .

In his introductory note on the state of the coun

try w hen he arrived a t Quebec in September , 1 64 5 ,

La l em a n t says that th e Hundr ed Associates had justceded th e fur trade to th e French colonists on the St .

Lawr ence At Montreal , there remain , of notablepersons , only D

A i l l eboust and his family , and

Mlle . Mance . Le Jeune and Jogues a re assigned tothat post for the winter . Couture , the donné w h ohad been captured with Jogues

,tw o years before

,by

the Iroquois , r eturns from an embassy to the M O

hawks , w ith whom he has been negotiating a peace .

For t R ichelieu is almost abandoned,only eight or

ten soldiers being left there . A list of the appointments at th e various mission stations is given .

Here th e j our na l proper begins . Follow ing are

the pr incipal entr ies : The fleet departs for France,

October 24 , laden , as is estimated ,with

pounds’

weigh t of Beaver skins for the habitans,and

for the general company,at a pistole

, or tenor eleven francs , a pound .

” The soldiers sent lastyear to the Huron country return

,this September

,

to Montreal , with a valuable cargo of furs . A dispute over this having arisen between the habitans

,

lately put in possession of the trade , and the messieurs of th e general Company

,they agr eed to employ

the proceeds in building a church a nd clergy-house,

for which livres w ere specially set aside.

"

They make up for this,how ever

,by allowing the

Jesuits only thirty crowns apiece for the maintenance

of these soldiers during the past year ; they causedus thereby a loss of more than 2

, 500 livres . Some

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P R EFA CE TO VOL . XX VI I

of the Hurons wintering a t Sillery steal from aFr enchman ; they a re

“ intimidated w ith the angerof Monsieur the Governor at his r eturn .

Complaint is made of th e Huron Ati ron ta and his

family , who lodge at the hospital , that they take theplace of the sick ther e . A wedding

, a t which Le

Jeune ofii c i ates , causes Chavigny to lose one of hismen ,

for which he blames the pr iest ; but it appearsafterw ard that he was w rong in complaining of Le

Jeune . A house for the Jesuits at Montreal is readyfor erection , when order s come from France that allthe workmen must at once begin work on Madamede Bullion ' s hospital . Maisonneuve finds i t hard totell this news to the Father s ; La l em an t says : I

took i t upon myself to do so , and to per suade themto regard the matter favorably ; afterw ard , they flungth e cat a t my legs , a s if I w er e th e one w h o hadhindered that w ork .

November 1 5 , Vimont obtains Des Ch a stel ets’

s

consent that the prohibition of trade w ith th e Indiansshall not apply to th e Jesuits , but that they mustcar ry i t on quietly .

“ The Algonquins of Silleryinflict on themselves severe disciplines for havingbeen several times drunk ; but they complain muchand stoutly that th e French get drunk and are bad ,and that n ot a w ord i s said about i t . At a w ed

ding,

“there wer e two violins , for th e fir st time .

Much cur ious information is given , incidentally ,about th e values of wages , food , peltr ies , etc . Lalemant notes th e great expenses incurr ed fo r th e

Sillery establishment ,— nearly a thousand écus ,while the r evenues therefrom are n i l .

December 3 , th e Ursulines send a dinner to th e

Fathers a per fect banquet , indeed . About

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14 PREFACE TO VOL . XX V/l

this time , we began to make bread at the house , n o t

only because that made fo r us at the warehouse oven

w a s not good, but because we wished to use the cornof the land

,which they did not use at the ware

house . The religious cer emonies observed on thevarious church festivals of the month are described ,especially those at Christmastide . Two great kettlesfilled with fire have been furnished by the warehouse ,to warm the chapel ; through neglect to remove these

after mass , the floor beneath them catches fire,early

in the morning, but it i s fortunately seen by the

Jesuits’

cook , who quietly extinguishes the fire .

Two Frenchmen create a scandal by getting i n tox ica ted, while waiting for the midnight mass . TheJesuits vigorously denounce this , because the savages said : They make us take the discipline whenwe get drunk , and they say nothing to the French .

Nothing further w a s requir ed than this public

expression ; Monsieur the governor had them puton the chevalet , exposed to a frightful Northeastwind .

La l em an t finds that his predecessor, Vimont , had

granted to the two convents of nuns twelve arpents

of the best meadow lands owned by the Jesuits, for a

term of si x years . He blames Vimont for this ; butthe latter soon afterward obtains a retrocession of theland , as appears by a marginal note in the text

.

LV. The R ela tion of 1 644—4 5 consists of but onepart (dated at Quebec , October 1 , written byVimont , because his successor

, Jerome La l em an t ,had not arrived in time to perform the task

;it i s

supplemented by a letter from La l em an t , dated inthe Huron country

,May I 5 , 1 64 5 , and treating of the

mission in that quar ter . We present the first eleven

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PR EFACE TO VOL . XX VI I 15

chapter s of the R el a tion in this volume ; it will beconcluded in Vo l . XXVI I I .

The great event of the year , says Vimont , i s the

peace w hich has just been concluded with the dreaded

Iroquois . Another blessing to the country i s the

cession of the fur trade to the habitants by the Company of New France and the Montr eal Associates ,respectively .

Much space is this year devoted to the pious utterauces and behavior of the Christian Indians . Some ,who becom e intoxicated , are shut out from thechurch , and kneel by the door , in the midst of rainand mud . The Father orders some boards to bebrought for them to kneel on , that they may not soiltheir clothing ; but they decline this relief . Someeven refuse to enter the church when he gives thempermission , so humble and contrite are they .

On e of these neophytes , while on a trading trip ,meets a small tr ibe who have thus far had no intercourse w ith the French . He preaches to them , and

so arouses their interest in th e new religion that they

help him erect a large cross on the banks of a river,

where he promises to meet them in the following

spring .

The new Chri stians per sist in their religious duties,

despite the scorn and jeer s of their heathen com pan

ions . They r esist the numerous temptations to

anger,licentiousness , and superstition . They pa

tien tly snfler hunger , sickness , and afii i cti on ; and

comfort one another in those troubles . At T adous

sac , one man is suddenly cured of an illness , andclaims that he has been in heaven , where he has seen

Jesus,who h a s given him a message to his tribes

men . This man h as seen the book in which are

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16 P R EFACE TO VOL . XX VI I

inscribed all their names, and the record of their

sins also he ha s seen hell itself , and men burning 111 the infernal fires . To all this , the Indianslisten with the utmost attention , and in profoundsilence ; it frightens the wicked , and consoles th e

good,and has excellent results . Some of them

surprise their priest by inflicting the discipline upon

themselves,— of their own accord , and in public .

This arouses a contagion of fervor among thoseassembled : “ the penance w a s so general that th einnocent wished to share it with the guilty . Even

the children wer e not spar ed ; their fathers and moth

ers made them approach the altar , took ofl? theirlittle garments , and begged him who held the whip

to chastise them . These poor victims went ther echeerfully, and without shrinking , or shedding onelittle tear, they received the blows from the whip ,which were gently delivered on their innocent flesh .

Some of the mothers even struck with their Rosar ies , in the manner of th e discipline

,their little

children still a t the breast . This flagel l a tion would

have been too long had not the Father put an end toit ; he consoled them , assured them of the pardon oftheir sins , and warned them not to per form any other

public penance without the advice of their Confess

ors . Afterward , the discipline w a s hung up on

a nail in the Chapel,as a warning

.

A party of Sillery Indians go into the woods fortheir usual great hunt ; and , at their r equest

,Father

D reui l l ettes goes with them as their spiritual guide .

They greatly edify him by their zeal in observing allr eligious duties , especially at Christmas . The poor

Father becomes blind through the smoke of the cabins . An Indian woman attempts with a bit of rusty

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H II (concluded)

RELAT ION OF 164;

SEBASTIEN ET GABRIEL CRAMOISY,

i .—vii‘i . of Part I. were given in Volume. XXV.

Volume XXVI . w ere of Pa rt I.,a nd

first five chapters of Part II. (the Huron report) ; w e herew ith present. the remainder of Pa rt II., thus compl eting thedocument .

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20 R EL/1 TION S D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL 27

[ 1 IO] CHAPITRE VI .

DE LA MISSION DEs ANGEs AUX AT IOUENDAR ONK ,OU

NAT ION NEU TR E .

E peu de nombre que nous fomm es ef’can t a peine

fuffifan t pour cul tiuer les bourgades qui nousfont plus vo ifin es , nous n

auon s pii . continuer

l’

i n ftrudti on de la Nation neutre , oil i l y a deux ans

que nous i ettam es les premieres fem en ces de l'

Euan

gile. Quelques Ch reftien s Hur ons y ont efteen n oftre

place,y ont fait l e deuo ir d

Apoftres , 8c peut e itre

auec plus de fuccés pour l e prefen t que nous n'

euffion s

fait par nous m efm es .

E ftien n e T oti r i du bourg de S . Iofeph accompagné

d’

vu fien frere s’

eftan s a rreftez dans les bourgadesplus fron tieres, trouueren t des oreilles fi di fpofées ales entendre

,qu ’a peine auo i en t-ils trois ou quatre

heures dans la nuiét pour prendre leur fom m ei l .

Ils porto ien t leur chapelet au col , comme la cur i ofité

pieque autant ces peuples barbares , qu’elle [ 1 1 1 ]

fait en Europe les NatiOs plus c iui l i fées , cette nou

n caute en des per fon n es qui d’

a i l l eurs en tout leurreflem bl ét , fa i foi t qu

’a chaque bourgade on leur endem ando i t la ra i fon . C

eft, di fo ien t-ils , vn e desmarques , que nous recon n o i ffon s pour m a i ftre celuy

qui feul a creé l e Ciel la terre . I l nous eft inuifibl e, quoy qu

’il rem pl i ffe tout l e monde , que luyfeul fouftienn e toutes ch o fes , a i nfi que l

’ame remplitnos corps , les viuifie l es fouftien t, quoy qu

' ellem efm e i am a i s n e paro i ffe 5 nos yeux . En fuite ils

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1642 45 ] RELA TION OF [ 643—44

[ 1 10] CHAPTE R VI .

OF THE M ISS ION OF THE ANGELS AMONG THE AT I

OU ENDAR ONK OR NEU TR AL NATION .

U R small number being barely sufficient to a t

tend to the villages that are nearest to us,w e

have been unable to continue the instruction

of the neutral Nation ,w her e tw o year s ago we sow ed

the first seeds of the Gospel . Some Christian Huronswent there in our stead and performed the duty ofApostles

,perhaps with more success for th e pr esent

than we ourselves could have had .

E stienne T o ti r i , of th e village of St . Joseph ,

accompanied by one of his br others , stopped in one of

their villages nearer the frontier , and found ears sowell disposed to listen to them that they had bar elythree or four hours at night for sleep . They carriedtheir r osaries ar ound their necks , and , a s curiosityexcites these barbarous peoples , as i t [ I I I ] does

the most civilized Nations in Europe , such a novelty ,

in persons who in all other respects resemble them,

caused them to be asked the reason ther eof at everyvillage . It is

,they said , one of th e signs that

we acknowledge as our master him who alone hascreated Heaven and earth . He is invisible to us ,although he fills the whole wor ld ; and he alone main

tain s all things , a s th e soul fills the body , vivifies and

sustains i t , though it never appears to our eyes .

Afterward,they expounded the principal mysteries

of the Faith . But what touched those people more

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22 LES R ELA TION S D E S j ES U J TE S [VOL . 27

a l l o ien t dedui fa n s les principaux m yfteres de la Foy .

Mais ce qui touch o i t dauan tage ces peuples , eito i t la

crainte de ces feux qu’on di fo i t leur eftre i néui tabl es ,

s ’ils n ’

adoro i en t ce grand m a i itre de la nature . E t

pourquoy don e,repa rto ien t

-ils , n’a- t ’on continué de

nous venir in ftrui re ? pourquoy nous donnez vous la

con n o i ffan ce de ce malheur qui nous attend , 11 on n e

vient en m efm e temps pour nous en del iurer ? autre

ment nous donnant cette crainte que i ufqu’

i cy nousn

auion s pas , c’

eft pour nous rendre m i ferabl es déscette vie , auan t que [ 1 1 2 ] nous l e foyon s en l

’autre .

Barnabé Otfin n on annh on t excellent Ch reftien du

bourg de S . Michel ayant penetré iufqu'

au fond dupal s , y a fait vn plus long fei our ; comme i l eft de

grande auth o r i té pa rm y ces peuples , fon zele y a

donné bien plus de i our aux ver i tez de n o ftre Foy,

fon exemple a prefché plus fortement que fes dif

cours . I l refufa publiquement des defirs d'

vn e femme

effrontée , qui dem a ndo i t de luy ce que fa con fc ien cene luy pouuo i t permettre , quoy que les couftum es de

ces pai’

s l’

y condam n a ffen t , qu’on appelle i cy vertu ,ce qui denaut Dieu n

eft qu’

vn crime . 11 a eu mille

combats a rendr e contre ceux m efm e qu’il ch er i ffo i tl e plus , ayant toufiours con ftamm en t refufé d

obeyr

a leurs fouges , qui eft l e Dieu de tous ces peuples.

Et comme on luy reproch o i t que la Foy efto i t vn

iong in fupportabl e, l’

obl igeat de rompre a infi l es

droits de l’

amitie, l e pr iuer des plus grands pl a ifirsde la vie . Non , di fo i t- i l , fl pour aller en Paradis iefcauo i s vn chemin eouuert de precipices

, i’

i ro i s tefteba i ffée m

'

eftim er o i s trop heureux de [ 1 1 3] mour iren la peine . A quelque prix que nous gagnions vnbon-heur etern el

, nous n e l’

auon s qu’a bon marché.

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1642- 45 ] RELA TION OF 1 643—44

than all was the fear of those fires that they were told

they could not avoid,unless they adored the great

master of nature . And why , replied they , have

they not continued to come and instruct us ? Why

do you give us the knowledge of this misfortunethat awaits us if no one come at the same time todeliver us from it ? Otherwise by inspiring us withthat fear, that we have not had till now , it i s enoughto make us miserable even in this life , before [ 1 1 2]we are in the other . ”

Barnabé Otsinn on ann h on t , an excellent Christianof the village of St . Michel , who penetrated to theheart of the country , made a longer stay there ; and ,as he has great author ity among these tribes , his zealha s given much mor e publicity to the truths of ourFaith

,and his example has preached more forcibly

than his words . He publicly refused the desires ofa shameless woman , who asked him to do what hisconscience could not permit , although the customs ofthis country sentenced him to i t , and here they calla virtue what , befor e God , i s but a crime . He hadto fight a thousand battles against those even whomhe held most dear ; for he always firmly refused toobey their dreams

,which a re the God of all these

peoples . And when they r eproached him , sayingthat Faith was an intolerable yoke , as it compelledhim thus to sever the bonds of friendship , and todeprive himself of the greatest pleasures of life ,No

,

" said he,if

,in order to reach Paradise , I

knew of a road full of precipices , I would coura

geously advance , and would consider myself only toohappy if [ 1 1 3] I perished in the eff ort . At whateverprice we win eternal happiness , we always acquire it

cheaply .

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24 LES R EL/1 TION S D E S j ES UI TE s [VOL 27

Enfin lors qu’il fut preft de fon retour i l fe vit

obligé de donner l e Baptefm e a vue fienne fil l e qu ’il

l a i fl'

o i t en ce pai s-la, on i l a grand nombre de parens .

Mais fouuiens-toy ma fil l e, luy di fo i t-i l , de con feruer

prec ieufem en t la grace que tu reco i s par l e Baptefm e .

Quand le Diable ou les langues impies te poq eron t

au mal , peni e que Dieu te voit , quoy que ton pere

fo i t abi ent ; fi cette confidera ti on n e t’

arrefte, refou

niens-toy au moins de celle - cy ; Que la plus grandedouleur que tu puifle ca ni er a ton pere , eft de commettre vn peché qui te do iue a i am a i s feparer d

auec

luy .

Sur la fin de l ’hyuer vn e bande d'

enui ron cent per

fonnes de ces peuples de la Natio Neutre font venusnous vi fiter en ce pai

s . 115 y ont veu l’

Egl i fe naif

fante des Hurons , fe font informez de nos Chreftien sdes choi es de la Foy , nous les anons in ftrui ts nousm efm es , s

'

il faut croire a leur parole,ils s ’en font

retournez auec vn regret que nous n e leur tenons

[ 1 14] compagnie ; des prom effes que leur pai’s n e

fera pas de refiftan ce a receuo i r la Foy, auffi toft

qu’

ayan s fuffifamm en t fait breche icy dans les H urons , nous aurons l e moyen de donner ini qu ’a eux

.

Dieu veii i l l e que cette fem en ce porte fruiéts en fontemps.

Ces peuples de la Nation neutre ont toufioursguerre an eo ceux de la Nation du feu encore pluséloignez de nous . 115 y a l l eren t l

Efté dernier ennombre de deux mille , y a ttaquerent vn bourg bienmuny d

vne pa l iflade,qui fut fortement defendu

par neuf cens guerriers qui fouftin rent l ’a ii aut ; enfinils l e for cerent apres vn fiege de dix i ours, en tueren tbon nombre fur la place , prirent huit cen s captifs

,

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26 LE S RELA TIONS D ES j ES U I TE S [VOL. 27

ta nt hommes que femmes en fans, apres auo i r bruflé

fo i x an te dix des plus guerriers , creué les yeuxcerné tout l e tour de la bouche aux vieillards , quepar apres ils abandonnent a leur conduite , afin qu

'

i l s

tra i fnen t a infi vne vie m i ferable. Voila l e fleau qui

depeupl e tous ces pars : car leur guerre n’eft qu

’as’

ex term iner .

Cette Nation dufen eft plus peuplée [ 1 1 5 ] elle feule

que ne font tous en fembl e ceux de la Nation Neutre ,tous les Hurons l es Iroquois ennemis des Hurons :elle contient grand nombr e de villages qui parlent la

langue Al gonquin e, qui regne encore plus auan t . La

vie nous manquera pl ufto ft que des nations n ouuel l esa conquefter a Iefus-Ch r i ft ; i l faut que la Foyadouc i ffe ces peuples , a infi qu

’elle commence d ’apriuo i fer ceux de m efm e langage qui habitent vers l eSeptentrion . Au moins quelques Hurons dignes defoy , qui tous les ans vont trafiquer auec des nationsAlgonquin es qui y font répandues 9a 1a, nous ontfait l e rapport qu

'

i l s en ont trouué de Ch reftien s quife mettent a genoux comme nous

, i o ign en t les mains ,regardent vers l e Ciel , prient Dieu fo i r matin

,

denaut apres l e repas : la meilleure marque de

leur Foy , eft qu’

i l s n e font plus méchas nydeshon

n eftes comme ils efto ien t aupa raua n t . I l s les appel l en t Ondoutaouakeronn on . Ce font peuples enuiron cent lieue

s dans les terres au deffus du Saguen étirant au Nort , qui ayans recen quelque i n ftrudti onles vn s a T adouffak , les [ 1 1 6] autres aux Trois R inieres , i l s n e vont que comme des o i feaux de pa il age,

portent dedans leurs bois , leurs lacs leurs monta

gnes fo l i ta i res la Foy la crainte de Dieu,qui trouue

fon fei our par tout .

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1642—45 ] R ELA TION OF 1 643—44

After having burned seventy of the best w arr ior s,

they put out the eyes and girdled th e mouth s of all

the old men , whom they afterward abandoned totheir own guidance , in order that they might thus

drag out a miserable life . Such is the scourge thatdepopulates all these countries ; for their wars are

but wars of extermination .

This Nation of fire alone is more populous [ 1 1 5 ]than all th e Neutral Nation , all th e Hurons , and allthe Iroquois , enemies of th e Hurons , put together .

It consists of a large number of villages , wherein isSpoken the Algonquin language , w hich prevails stillfar ther on . Life will fail us rather than new nationsto conquer for Jesus Chr ist . And i t i s necessary that

the Faith Should soften these tribes , as i t i s comm en c i ng to tame those of the same language wholive toward the North . At least , some trustwor thyHuron s , who go every year to trade w ith the Algonquin tr ibes scattered here and ther e

,have informed

us that they have met Chri stians w h o kneel a s wedo , clasp their hands , raise their eyes to Heaven , andpr ay to God night and morning , and before and aftermeals . And the best evidence of their Faith is thatthey a r e no longer wicked and dishonest , as theyformerly w ere . They call them Ondouta ouakeron

non . These are people about a hundred leaguesabove the Saguen é, toward the North , w h o havebeen instructed some at T adoussak , [ I I 6] and othersat Three R iver s , where they go merely as birdsof passage

,bear ing w ith them into their solitary

woods,lakes

,and mountains the Faith and the fear

of God,which finds its abode everywhere .

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28 LE S RELA TIONS D E S [ ES U I TES [Von 27

CHAPITR E VII .

DE LA M ISSION D E SAINCT IBAN BAPTI STE AU X AR EN

B AR ONNONS .

E Pere Antoine Daniel a continué dans l e foinde cette M i f fion ,

qui cette année a eu dans fon

reffort les bourgs de 8 . Iean Bapti fte de S .

Ioa ch im ,vn troifiém e éloigné d’

enui ron fix lieues ,qui porte l e nom de S . Ignace . Dieu a par tout aug

menté l e nombre des Ch reftien s des Catechum en es

mais pour rapporter quelque chofe plus en partien

lier de cette Egl i fe .

Vn bon vieillard Ch refti en aage de plus de centans , ayant appris que les ennemis s

approcho ien t de

fon bourg pour l ’en l euer par force, fe réi o ii i ffo i t au

milieu des frayeurs publiques des pleurs [ 1 1 7] qu’il

en tendo i t de tous coftez , di fan t aux Infidel es qu’a ce

coup i l a l l o i t eftre heureux , i o ii ir des pl a ifirs quefa Foy luy fa i fo i t efperer .

Dans ce m efm e efpr i t de la Foy vn e femme Chre{tienne qui ven o i t de perdre 1a veué , fen to i t des

douleurs quai l i n fupportabl es , ch an to i t au plus fortde fon mal , que la pen fée du Paradis adouc i ffo i t fes

peines , que fa m i fere trouuero i t vue fin,mais que la

ioye qu'

elle efpero i t dedans l e Ciel i am a i s ne fin i ro i t .

Vn ienne homme Chrefti en qui l ’an pafl'

é fe voyant pourfuiuy d

vne bande Iroquo i fe, s’

efto i t ietté

quafi par defefpo i r derriere vn a rbr i ffeau oil i l tronna

la vie lors qu’

il n’

attendo it que la mort, nous racon

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1642- 45 ] RELA TION OF [ 643-

44

CHAPTER VII .

OF THE M ISSION OF SAINT J EAN BAPT ISTE AMON GTH E AR ENDAR ONNONS .

ATHER Antoine Daniel has continued in chargeof this Mission , which this year has had w ithini ts province the villages of St . Jean Baptiste

,

of St . Joachim , and of a third , about six leagues

dista nt , that bears the name of St . Ignace . God haseverywhere increased the number of the Christiansand Catechumens . But let us give more par ticularsrespecting that Church .

A good old man— a Chr istian , over a hundredyears old— heard that the enemy were approachinghis vi llage to carry it by storm . He rejoiced amidthe public alarm , and the weeping [ 1 1 7] that he heard

on all sides , saying to the Infidel s that this time he

would be happy and enjoy the pleasures that hisFaith led him to hope for .

In this same spirit of Faith , a Christian w oman

who had just lost her sight , and felt almost unbearable pain

,sang while h er suff erings were keenest

,

that the thought of Paradise alleviated her trouble ;that her misery would come to an end , but the joythat she hoped to feel in Heaven would never cease .

A Christian young man , last year, saw himself

pursued by a band of Ir oquois , and threw himself,almost in despair, behind a bush , where he found

life when he expected only death . He told us that,

in the midst of his fears , he was about to call out to

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so LE S R ELA TIONS D E S jES U l TE S [VOL 27

toit qu ' au milieu de fes craintes i l fut tout fur l e pointd

appel l er l’

enn em y, fougeant qu'

aprés la mort i l fero i t

heureux dans l e Ciel . Mon Dieu , di fo i t-i l dans l e

fond de fon coeur, c’

eft vous qui me cachez icy , l’en

n em y eft a vingt pas de moy , fi vous n’

a i diez a mecouuri r fero i s-ie icy en feur eté ? D i fpofez de ma vi efelon qu’il vous plaira . Si i e fcauo i s vos vo l on tez i eme prefentero i s moy [ 1 1 8] m efm e, leur di ro i s qu

i l s

me bruflaffen t , alors ie vous offr i ro i s m es tourm en s .

Ie n e vous demande , mon Dieu , rien que l e Ciel , onie puie a i am a i s vous voir comme vous me voyez

maintenant . Ce ienne homme eft venu bien fouuen tde dix douze lieue

' s pour entendre la Meffe ;comme c

efto i t en vn temps dangereux pour la crainte

des ennemis , que nous luy difion s qu’il auo i t tort

de s’

ex pofer a ce peril fans bonne compagnie : Et

quoy, nous di fo it-i l , Dieu n' eft-i l pas auec moy ? fi

ie fuis tué en chemin pourro i s-i e mieux mourir ? N’

i

rois- i e pas droit dans l e Ciel ? Puis- ie craindre la

mort , quoy que ie marche aumilieu des perils , m’en

11 la fil l e luy agreo i t. Vous n e regardez qu’au dehors,

leur dit-i l , ce que ie veux aimer ne fe voit point des

yeux . A-t’

elle de bonnes pen fées pour l e Ciel ?E ft-elle di fpofée de mourir en la Foy ? Son coeureft- i l a Dieu ? Aimera-t

elle fon fa lut ? Si cela eft[ 1 19] i e l

aime : fans cela i am a i s elle me me fera rien.

Vn Capitaine Chreftien des plus confiderabl es dubourg de S . Iean Bapti fte,

ayant parlépubl i quem ét

en faneur d’

vu fouge de quelque fien amy,en fut

incontinent touché au coeur . I’ay fa fch é Dieu, di t- i l

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1642—45 ] RELA TION OF [ 643-

441

the enemy , thinking that after death he would behappy in Heaven : My God

,he said in the depths

of h i s heart ,“ it is you who hide me here . The

enemy are twenty paces from me . If you did nothelp me to conceal myself , would I be safe here ?Dispose of my life as you please . If I knew your

will , I would present myself , [ i 1 8] and tell them toburn me ; and then I would offer you my torments .

I ask of you nothing , my God , but Heaven , where I

may ever see you as you see me now .

” This youngman came very frequently from a distance of ten or

twelve leagues to hear Mass ; and , as it was a dangerons time , owing to fear of the enemies , we toldhim that he was wr ong in exposing himself to thatdanger without being in a numerous company .

What , said he , i s n ot God with me ? If I werekilled on the road , could I die a better death ? WouldI not go straight to Heaven ? Can I fear death , evenwhen walking in the midst of peril , while I have such

thoughts ? ”

The parents of a young Neophyte proposed to h ima marriage that was advantageous for him and askedhim if the girl pleased him . You look only at the

outside,he said to them . What I wish to love

cannot be seen with the eyes . Has she good thoughtsregar ding Heaven ? Is sh e disposed to die in the

Faith ? Does h er heart belong to God ? Will shecherish her salvation ? If so , [ 1 1 9] I love her ; if not ,she will never be anything to me .

A Christian Captain , one of the leading men of the

village of St. Jean Baptiste , who had spoken publiclyin favor of a dream of one of h i s friends , w as at oncetouched to the heart . “ I have offended God ,

he

said to the Father ; my sin deserves to be punished ;

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32 LE S RELA TIONS D ES [ ES U I TE S [Von 27

au Pere,mon peché m er i te punition ; comme i l a

eftepublic n e crains point de m '

ordonner vne peni

tence publique,parle ie t

'

obei‘

ray . Le Pere luy

ordonne d'

ef’cre huiet i ours fans fe trouuer a aucunfeftin . C

efto i t l e condamner a vn i eufne plus eftro itqu ’au pain a l’eau

,l’

obl iger plus de dix fois l e

iour de refpondre a tous les Infidel es , qu’il fa i fo i t

peniten ce de fon peché . Quelquefois i l efto i t plus

de trois heures apres midy auan t qu ’il euft rompu

fon i eufne, a caufe que l es feftin s qui fe fa i fo ien t enfa propre cabane em pefcho i en t l e repas ordinaire .

Le Pere s 'en c ftan t apperceu voulut luy rel a fch er fa

penitence . Mon frere , luy repartit cc Capitaine,tu

n'

as pas afl’

ez de courage , tu te défies trop de nousautres ; non , non , ne mollis point . Ie prens pl a ifir ame punir [ 1 20] de mon peché , i l faut a cheuer iuf

qu’

au bout : Quiconque o ffen fe Dieu eft trop heureuxd

en e itre quitte a ii bon marché .

Ie pen fo i s fin i r ce Chapitre par la conuerfion d’

vn

magicien le plus fameux qui fo i t en ces pai s . La

crainte de l’

En fer auo i t ce fembl e touché fon coeur :defia i l auo i t i etté publiquement dedans l e feu fesch a racteres, i l auo it protefté en la prefen ce m efm e

des Infidel es , que i am a i s les Demons n’

auro ien t plus

de part auec luy , que Dieu feul m eri to i t d’

eftre adoré

de tous les hommes , que les Diables en effet n e c on

fpi ren t qu’

a n oftre mal-heur . Mais anant qu ’il euftrecen l e fa inét Baptefm e

, i l eft retourné a fon vom i ffem en t ; 1a honte qu ’il a maintenant d’

auo ir décre

dite fon art , fait qu'

il bl a fphem e contre Dieu plus

horriblement que i am a i s , qu’

il fe donne a tous lesDemons : quoy que de fois a autres fa con fc ien cel’

ayt preifede venir nous demander pardon. Ie prie

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LE S RELA TIONS D E S j ES U/TE S [VOL. 27

n oftre Seigneur qu 11 en tire fa gloire : mais pourdire la verite, i l fem bl e que ce malheureux fo i t du

nombre des reprouuez ; vn mot i l voudro i t [ 1 2 1 ]bien eftre tout a Dieu dans l e Ciel , tout au Diablefur la terre .

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1 642—45 ] RELA TION OF [ 643—44

derive his own glory therefr om ; but , to tell th e

truth ,i t seems that this unfortunate man

bered among the reprobates . In a word , would

wish [ 1 2 1 ] to belong entirely to Heaven ,

entirely to the Devil on earth .

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36 LES R ELA TION S D E S j ES U l TE S [VOL. 27

CHAPITR E VI I I .

DE LA M ISSION DE SAINTE ELIZABETH AU x ALGONQU INS ATONTR ATAR ONNONS .

ES Iroquois qui fe font craindre fur l e grand

fleuue de S . Laurent , qui tous les hyuers

depuis quelques années ont efté dans ces va ftes

forefts , a la chaffe des hommes , ont fait quitter auxAlgonquins qui h abi to i en t les coftes de ce fieuue,

non feulement leur chaffe , mais aufli leur pai’

s , 8L les

ont reduit cet hyner a fe ranger icy proche de nosHurons , pour y viure plus en a ffeuran ce ; fi bien que

s’

eftan t trouué vn e bourgade en ti ere de ces panures

Nations errantes fugi tiues auprés du bourg de

fa in ét Iean Bapti fte , nous nous fom m es veuS obligez

de leur donner quelque a f fiftan ce, de i o indre pour

cet effet au P . Antoine Daniel qui auo i t foin de la

Mill i on Huronne , dont i’

ay parlé dans l o Chapitre

precedent , l e P . R ené Menard , [ 1 22] qui ayant fuffifam m en t l

'

vfage de l’

vn e l ’autre langue, auo i t en

m efm e temps l e foin de cette M i ffion Algonquine ,a

laquelle nous auon s donné l e nom de fa i n te E lizabeth .

Dans ce ramas de peuples qui d’

ordi n a i re n ’out

point d’

autre m a i fon que les bois les fleuues , i ls

eft trouué dix ou douze Ch reftien s qui autrefois ont

efte bapti fez aux Tr ois R iui eres on a Kebec ,

d’

autres qui i am a i s n’

auo ien t o ii y parler de Dieu .

Le Pere apres quelques vifites n ’eut pas beaucoup

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1642- 45 ] RELA TION OF 1 643—44

CHAPTER VIII .

OF TH E M ISS ION OF SAINTE EL IZABETH AMONG T H E

ATONTRATAR ONNON ALGONQU INS .

H E Iroquois , who make themselves dreaded onthe great river St . Lawrence and who every

winter for some years past have been huntingmen in these vast forests , have compelled the Algon

quins who dwelt on the banks of the r iver to aban

don not only their hunting grounds , but also theircountry , and have reduced them this winter to comehere near our Hurons , in order to live more in safety ,

— so much so , that a whole village of these poorwandering and fugitive Tribes came near the village

of saint Jean Baptiste . We were obliged to givethem some assistance , and for that purpose to associate with Father Antoine Daniel— who had chargeof the Hur on Mission of w hich I have spoken in thepreceding Chapter Father R ené Menard , [ 1 22] who ,having a sufficient knowledge of both languages

,

had,at the same time , charge of this Algonquin Mis

sion,to which we have given the name of sainte

E lizabeth .

Amid this gathering of people— who , as a rule ,have no other abode than the woods and the rivers

there were ten or twelve Christians who had formerly been baptized at Three R ivers or at Kebec ,and others who had never heard of God .

The Father had not much trouble in winning the

hearts of all after a few visits . Take courage ,”

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3 8 LE S R ELA TIONS D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL. 27

de peine a leur gagner a tous l e coeur . Prens cou

rage,luy di fo i ét- ils

,tu dis vr ay qu

’il eft ra i fon n abl e

d’

auo i r recour s a ce grand M a i ftre de nos vies : en

feigne nous ce qu ’il faut dire pour qu ’il entende nos

pr ieres ; n e te laffe point de parler , i am a i s nous n e

ferons las de t ’

en tendre, quoy que nous n’

ayOs pa s

tant d’

efpr i t , n e l a i ffe pas d’

auo i r pitié de nous .Afl itt io a

’a t z

utel letl um , la m i fere a ce fem bl e onnert

leur efpr it ; fi la crainte des Iroquois n e rendo i t la

demeur e proche des Francois redoutable , i e croy

qu’

en peu d’

an nées on en fero i t [ 1 2 3 ] vn peuple toutCh reftien . Au moins deferent- ils beaucoup a nosparoles , la plufpa rt fe rendent foupl es a la r a i fon .

Le Pere ayant appris qu’

vn Infidel e auo i t deux

femmes , dont l’

vn e efto it Ch reftien ne,parle a cet

homme de la gr iefueté de fa faute , de la grandeur de

Dieu qu’

il o ffen fo i t, des peines d ’enfer qui luy

efto ien t in éui tabl es s’

il c on tinuo i t dans ce peché .

Mon frere , repart l’

Infidel e, i e recon n o i s la verite dec e que tu m

en fei gn e, mais i e n e me fens pas encorea ffez fort pour obei

r en ti erem en t a Dieu : i e luyobei ray en partie , dés maintenant i e renonce al’

vue de ces femmes , ne veut retenir que celle qui

croit en Dieu , pr ie l e qu’il ait pitié de moy

.

Vue mere Infidel e cOm ando it a fa fil l e de fe troun er a vn feftin fuper fti ti eux , les ceremoniesdemandent qu

'

on n’

y a ffifte que tout nud.Le P

.

Menard ayant entendu ce commandement impudiquerepred la mer e la fil l e . No s Capitaines nous l e

vOtre [ 1 24] fuppl i ce , fi vous r efufez de luy obei‘

r .A

ce m ot ces femmes demeurent fans r eplique,

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1642- 45 ] RELA TION OF 1 643-44

they said to him , thou sayest truly that i t i s righ t

to have recourse to that great Master of our lives .

Teach us what we Should say , so that he may hearour prayers . Do not weary of speaking to us ; we

shall never be tired of listening to thee , although wehave not much sense ; fail n ot to have pity on us.

Afi ictio a'a t i n tel lectum — misfortune seems to have

opened their minds ; and , if dr ead of the Iroquois didnot make them fear to live near th e French , I thinkthat in a few years we would make [ 1 2 3] an entirelyChristian people of them . At least , they pay muchdeference to our words

,and most of them are becom

ing amenable to reason .

The Father heard that an Infidel had two wives ,on e of whom was a Chr istian . He spoke to that manof the grievousness of his sin ; of the greatness ofGod

,whom he offended ; and of the pains of hell ,

that would inevitably be his fate if he continued in

that sin . My brother , replied the Infidel , Iacknowledge the truth of what thou teachest me ;but I do not yet feel strong enough to obey Godcompletely . I will obey him partly ; and from thismoment I give up one of my wives , and will keeponly her who believes in God . Pray him to have pity

on me .

An Infidel mother commanded her daughter to be

present at a superstitious feast , at which the cerem o

nial required that they should attend quite naked.

When Father Menard hear d of this shameless order ,he reproved the mother and the daughter . Our

Captains command it,they replied . Yes, but

God forbids it ; and the fire that burns sinners for

ever shall be your [ 1 24] punishment if you refuse toobey him . To these wor ds

,the women made no

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40 LES R ELA TIONS D E S [ ES U I TES [VOL . 27

n’

oferen t pas m efm e forti r de leur cabane pour aller

voir cette cerem on ie, ayant appris que Dieu y fero i t

offen fé.

Vn e femme In fidel e eftan t tombée gr iefuem en t

malade , on luy dit que nous anions recours a Dieu ennos afflictions , comme a celuy qui nous en pouuo i tdel iurer

, qu’elle l e priai t de tout fon coeur , que

peut e itre i l auro i t pitié d’elle . Le m efm e Pere qui

l’

auo i t en fei gn ée pa ffan t par la deux i our s apres ,s’

efton n an t de la veo i r traua i l l er auf fi fortem ét que

les autres ; cette femme l'appelle

,luy dit qu’il n ’eft

pas vn menteur , que vrayem en t Dieu eft tout pui ffant , que l

ayant prié,en m efm e temps elle s ’eft

vene guer ie . Puis luy par lant plus en fecret,elle

adi oufte que fon efpr i t efto i t en peine,que l e m ei

chant Manitou luy eftoi t apparu la nuiét , l’

auo i t men a cée de la mor t fi elle n e luy fa i fo i t vn fa c r ifice ,

que publiquement elle n’

aduo ii a ft tenir de luy la vie.

Tu fga i s , luy r epartit l e Pere,que Dieu feul t ’a

guery , n’

obei s [ 1 2 5 ] pas a ce Demon qui cherche les

moyens de te perdre pour vn i am a i s . Non,non

,

replique cette femme , i e veux honorer Dieu, i e l e

pr ieray toute ma vie , i am a i s i e n e m’

oubl ierayde

luy . E lle eft tres-bien di fpofée au Baptefm e,toute

fa famille n’

eft pa s eflo ignée du R oyaume de Dieu.

D’

aucun s fuiuo ien t l e Pere de cabane en cabane,

n e pouuan s fe laffer de l’

en tendre parler de Dieu :d

autres le ven o i en t tr ouuer reglement tous les fo i rsmatins , quelque orage tem pefte qu

il y en it au

plus fort de l’

hyuer , quoy que ces cabanes Algon

quines fufi en t éloignées du bourg de S. Iean Bapti fte

vn quart de lieue'

de tres-manuais chemin; c

efto i tvue co n fo l ation a n os Peres de voir en leur Chapelle

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42 LES R ELA TIONS D ES fES U/TE S [VOL. 27

Dieu adoré en m efm e temps en ces deux langues

differentes , Huronne Algonqui n e, 8L par despeuples qui n ’

auo ien t rien de commun que la Foy .

La conduite de Dieu s’eft parti cul ierem en t fait pa

ro i ftre fur quelques -vus qui ont recen l e fa in ét Bap

teime , entre autr es fur vn guerrier qui recent dans

ces [ 1 26] ,eaux fa crées l e nom d

An to in e . Cet homme

S ’eft échapé plus de huit fois des mains de l’

en n em y ,

depuis fon enfance fa vie n ’a efté qu’

vn e fuite de

combats d’

auan tures qui fuccedo ien t l es vus aux

autres . Encore depuis peu , i l n'

y a pas fix mois,

qu’

efta n t entre les mains des Iroquois qui auo ien tdefia commencé d

ex ercer deifus luy leur rage, i l trou

na l e moyen de couper fes liens, fe fauuer tout

nud dans l e plus pr ofond de la nuit, fa i fan t plus de

cent lieues dans des routes égarées, n

ayan t pour

toute nourriture que les herbes les racines qu’il

trouuo i t dans l e milieu des bois . Dés lors,dit - i l , ie

rem erc i ay Dieu fans l e con n o i ftre ,car i am a i s i e

n’

auo i s recen d’

i n ftruéti on : feulement i l y a quelques

années qu’

vn de mes camarades me dit,qu’il y auo i t

vn grand M a i ftre de tout ce monde qu’il fa l l o i t ado

rer . Ie m’

efto i s oublié de luy , mais lors que i e mevi s m i ferab le , i l fut tout mon refuge , i

a ttendo i s deluy du fecour s , me voyant éch apé des terreurs de

la mort , des feux qui m ’

efto iét prepa rez , ie recon

nus qu’

a luy feul i ’efto i s obligé de ma vie.Le Pere

l’

ayant [ 1 2 7] entendu parler de la forte quafi enm efm e temps qu

il a rr iua ; Mais fca i s-tu,luy dit-i l ,

les defl ein s de Dieu deffus toy . Ce n ' eft pas a fl ezque tu l o recon n o i ffe

, mais i l veut que tu l ’aime,

que luy ayant obey icy bas fur la terre tu fois heu

reux a i am a i s dans l e Ciel . Ces paroles en treren t

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1642—45 ] R ELA TION OF {643—44

to seeGod worshiped in their Chapel at the sametime in two diff erent languages , the Huron and the ;

Algonquin , and by nations w h o had nothing incommon but the Faith .

The guidance of God has manifested itself partienl a r ly in the case of some who have been grantedholy Baptism , and , among others , a warrior who

received in those [ 1 26] sacred waters the name ofAntoine . This man had escaped more than eighttimes from the hands of the enemy ; and , ever sincehis birth , his life has been but one series of combatsand adventures that succeeded one another . Quiterecently , not more than Six months ago , while in thehands of th e Iroquois , who had already commenced

to vent their fury on him , he found means to cut hisbonds and to flee,

— quite naked , in th e dead ofnight , —making h i s w ay for over a hundr ed leaguesby devious paths

,with no other food than the grasses

and roots that he found in th e w oods . From thatmoment

,he said

,I thanked God , without know

ing him, for I had never received any instruction ,

only , some years ago , one of my comrades told methat ther e was a great Master of the whole world , w homust be adored . I had forgotten about him ; but ,when I saw myself so wretched , he w a s all my ref

uge . I looked to him for help ; and , when I foundthat I had escaped the terrors of death and of thefires prepared for me

,I recognized that to him alone

did I owe my life . When the Father [ 1 27] heard

him Speak in that manner , almost as soon as he arrived

,he said to him , But knowest thou the designs

that God has for thee ? It is not enough that thoushouldst acknowledge him ; he also wishes thee to

love him,that

,after obeying him here on earth ,

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LE S RELA TION S D E S j ES U I TE S [Von 27

fi anant dans l ’ame de ce panure captif fi fouuen t

éch apé de la mort , que dés lor s i l prit feu , fe refo lut

d’

eftre Chreftien ,du depuis quelque refiftace qu

il

ait trouue, quelques di ffi cul tez qui fe fo ien t pre i en

tées, i am a i s i l n e s ’eft dém en ty de fes fa in tes refo l utions .

Vn autre quafi de m efm e aage qui luy tint compa

gnie an Baptefm e, prit l e nom de René . Ce ienne

homme n e fut pas pluftoft retourné de la chaffe qu’il

vint trouuer l e Pere . Efface moy ie te prie mes

pech ez , luy dit-i l , n ous fom m es cl ans de continuels

dangers de nos vies , on irois-ie n'

eftan t pas bapti fé ?ie crains plus l ’enfer que la mort, i e fuis tout refo l ude fera it Dieu ; quoy qu

’il arr iue iam a i s ie n e

1’

offen feray : i l voit 1a fin cer i té de mon coeur , i e

croy qu’

il eft content de moy , n e me fois pas plusrigoureux [ 128] que luy . En eff et fes actions n ’out

point dém enty fes paroles , tofii ours i l s’eft com

porté en Chrefti en m efm e auan t que de l ’eitre .

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1642—45 ] RELA TION OF 1 643 —44

thou shouldst be happy forever in Heaven . These

words en tered so deeply into the soul of the poorca ptive , who had so often escaped from death , thathe at once ardently resolved to be a Christian . And

ever since , no matter what opposition he may haveencountered , whatever difficulties have arisen , hehas never belied his holy r esolutions .Another of about the same age , who kept him

company at Baptism , took the name of R ené . Thatyoung man had no sooner returned from huntingthan he went to the Father . Wipe away my sins ,I beg of thee , he said . We are in continual da n

ger of our lives . Where would I go , if I were notbaptized" I dread hell more than death . I am quiteresolved to serve God , and , whatever may happen , Iwi ll not off end him . He perceives the sincerity ofmy heart , and I think that he is satisfied with me .Be not more rigorous [ 1 2 8] than he . Indeed , his

actions have not belied his words ; and he has alwaysbehaved as a Christian , even before becoming one .

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46 LE S RELA TION S D E S j ES U J TE S [Von 27

CHAPITR E IX .

DE LA MISSION DU S . ESPR IT AUX ALGONQU INS N IPIS

SIR IN IENS .

VOY que la langue Huronne ait vne tres-grande

eftendue'

8c foi t commune a quantité depeuples que la Foy n ’a i am a i s éclairé ; elle fe

trouue toutefois tellement ram a iIée au milieu d’

vn e

infin i té de Nations répandue‘s 9a la a l ’Orien t , a

l’

Occ iden t, au Septentrion , au Midy , qui toutes ont

l’

vfage de la langue Algonquine, qu’il fembl e que

les peuples de la langue Huronne ne fo ien t quafi quecomme au centre d’

vne va fte c i rcon feren ce remplie

de peuples Algonquins . Et a infi n o ftre peine n ’eftpas de trouuer icy de l ’em pl oy , mais plutoft dans l e

peu d’

ouur iers que nous fomm es, de nous refondreen quelle part nous deuon s pluftoft appliquer nostrauaux .

[ 1 29] Fin ifian t la Relation de l’an pa fIé, i e dy que

le P . Claude P i i a rt l e P . R ené Menard s '

efto ien t

depuis peu de i ours embarquez an eo les N i pi f fir in i en s

pour continuer de les in ftruire en leur pai‘s,éloigné

du lieu on nous fomm es enui ron de fo i x ante dix

lieues . 113 y ont demeuré depuis l e mois d’

Aur i l

iufqu’

aumois de Septembre ; ou pour mieux dire i l sont fuiuy tout ce temps-la ces peuples fans dem eure ,dans les bois , dans les fleuues, dans les rochers 8Ldans les lacs , n

ayan s pour abry qu’

vn e efcorce,pour

paué qu’

vne terre humide ; ou la pente de quelque

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1642—45 ] RELA TION OF "543-

44

CHAPTER IX .

OF THE M ISS ION OF THE HOLY GHOST AMONG THEN IPISSIR INIEN ALGONQU INS .

LT H OU GH the Huron language is very widely

spoken and i s common to a number of peoples

whom Faith has never enlightened,n everth e

less i t is so concentrated in the midst of a multitude

of Tribes ,— scatter ed her e and ther e , to the East , to

the West,to the North , and to the South

,— who all

speak the Algonquin language , that the tribes of the

Huron tongue almost seem to be only at th e center ,as it wer e , of a vast circumfer ence filled with Algon

quin tribes . Consequently , our trouble is n ot to find

employment here , but rather , consider ing our small

number of laborers,in deciding w here it were better

that we should apply our labor .

[ 1 29] In concluding the R elation of last year , I

said that Father Claude Pija r t and Father R ené

Menard had embarked a few days before with the

N i pi ssi r in ien s , in order to c ontinue instructing them

in their own country , w hich is distant about seventy

leagues from the place where we are . They r emainedther e from the month of April to the month of

September ; or ,r ather

,dur ing all that time they fol

lowed those homeless people in th e woods and on the

rivers,over the rocks and across the lakes — having

for shelter but a bark hut ; for floor ing ,but th e damp

earth or the slope of some uneven rock , which served

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LES RELA TION S D E S jES U/TE S [VOL. 27

rocher inégal,qui fert de table de fiege de

l i cSt, de chambre de cuifin e , de caue de grenier ,de Chapelle de tout . En vn mot on y mene vn e

vie on apprend bien toft que la Nature fe contente

de peu : s’

i l faut quitter fa m a i fon en quelque lieu

qu ' on aille, i l fe trouue qu

'on n 'a rien perdu , qu'

en

moins d'

vn e demie heure on s'eft ba fty vn logement

entier .

Les Peres comm en cerent leur in ftruéti on par l es

principaux Capitaines , j ea’non l i os elegi t D om inus;

mais Dieu n e [ 1 30] commence pas fes ouurages parce qui éclate le plus . 11 faut qu

vne panure vieille

aueugle l’

emporte,reco iue toute la premiere l es

benedi étion s qui decoul en t du Ciel . La grace s’em

para de fon coeur changea bien toft la nature : c ’

e

fto i t m efpri t orgueilleux plein de raillerie,qui fe

m ocquo i t des choi es de la Foy . Dieu ne l ’eut pas fitoft touchée qu ’elle me fuft plus ce qu’elle eftoi t ; fesparoles ne font que douceur

,elle refpecte n os m y

fteres , elle fouha ite l e Baptefm e ; enfin l’ayant recen ,

fe voyant dans l e bon -heur des en fan s de Dieu,

elle ne fonge qu’au Ciel . C

efto i t vn pl a ifir , di fent

nos Peres , de la voir l e iour qu’elle ven o it pour efi re

bapti fée, par vn temps a ffez rude , par vn chemin de

roches elle s’

égaro i t a caufe de fon aueugl em ét,

fans doute elle euft perdu courage, fi fa ferueur

ne luy euft rendu ces peines agreabl es, ces égaremens pleins d 'amour.Vn e femme infidel e en traua i l d ’en fant eftoit de

puis deux i ours dans l e defefpo i r de la vie . LesM edec in s ou plfitoft les Sorciers du pa

'

1's ayans épui fé

tout [ 1 3 1 ] leur art, iugean s que la mere l’en fan tn

en pourro ient refchaper , vinrent trouuer nos Peres .

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50 LE S RELA TIONS D E S [ ES U I TES [Von 27

Eft-i l donc vray ,leur dirent-ils , que cel uy que vous

honorez fo i t plus pui ffant que nos Demons ? qu’

il

faffe pa ro i ftre fon pouuo i r , priez- l e qu

il refufc i te

cette femme qui a perdu l e iugem en t, va perdre la

vie ; au moins qu’elle fe del iure de fon fruidi: auan t

que de mour ir . S ’il entend vos prieres vous di fpofe

rez de l ’enfant,vous l e pourrez i n ftrui re, vous luy

dOnerez l e Baptefm e,pas vn n e vous refiftera .

Nos Peres fe tran fpbr ten t o ii eftoi t la malade , la

recommandent a Dieu aux prieres de S . Ignace .

Ce grand Sa in ét fut bien toft exaucé ; fur l'

heure

m efm e cette femme mourante fe del iure tres-heu

reufem en t de fon fruict, l’enfant fe trouue plein de

vie,la mere reui en t en fan té, tous en donnent l a

gloire a Dieu,

reconn o i fi en t que c’

eft luy qui feul

m er ite d’

eftre adore.

I l n’eft pas di ffic i l e de faire que ces peuples ayentrecours a Dieu dans leurs necefii tez ; fi les H ereti

ques qui veulent que la Foy fans les oeuures nous

i uftifie, [ 1 32] ven o ien t en ces pa1s en fei gn er leur

erreur , ils trouuero ien t nos fauuages de tres-bonaccord auec eux : car pourueuqu

’on l es laie viure en

barbares , ils fe feront bien toft Ch reftien s. Mais.

quand nous leur di fon s que pour honorer Dieu

eftre heureux au Ciel , i l faut abandonner l e vi ce ,vi ure en homme non pas en befi e , fonger plus anos ames qui font immortelles qu’a vn corps qui pourrira apres la mort ; enfin qu

’il faut les bonnes oeuuresauec la Foy, c

’efi ce qui leur fembl e fa fcheux,ce qui

les efpouuan te les rebute de la fa in teté de nos

m yfteres, cela feul nous les rend ennemis .N05 Peres l

efprouueren t bien toft au milieu de ce

peuple errant, car lors qu’il fallut en venir au point ,

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1642- 45 ] RELA TION OF 1 643—44

our Fathers : Is it true , they said to them , thathe whom you honor is more powerful than our

Demons ? Let him manifest his power . Entreat himto bring back to life this woman , who has lost theuse of her senses , and i s about to lose her life ,— at

least , that she may be delivered of her child beforesh e dies . If he grant your prayers , you shall dispose of the child ; you may instruct it and administerBaptism to it , and no one will oppose you .

Our

Fathers went to the place where the sick woman w a s,

and recommended her to God and to the prayersof St . Ignatius . That great Saint was not longunheard . At that very hour, the dying woman washappily delivered of her child , who w as full of life .The mother’s health returned ; all gave glory to God ,and acknowledged that it w a s he alone who wasworthy of being adored .

It is not difficult to induce these people to haverecourse to God in their necessities ; and if the Heretics , who claim that Faith without works can justify ,[ 1 32 ] were to come to this country to teach theirerror

,they would find our savages quite in accord

with them . For,if they were allowed to live as

barbarians , they would soon become Chri stians . But,when we tell them that , in order to honor God andto be happy in Heaven , they must abandon vice ; liveas men

,and not a s beasts ; think more of their souls ,

that are immortal,than of a body that will rot after

death ; finally,that with Faith good works a re

needed,— that is what seems difficult to them , what

frightens and repels them from the holiness of ourmysteries ; and that alone makes them hostile to us .

Our Fathers soon exper ienced this , amid this nomadpeople . For

,when it w a s necessary to come to the

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52 LE S RELA n ozvs D E S j ES U/TE S [VOL. 27

décredi ter l e vice , reprendre ceux qui auo ien t deux

femmes, defendre l e recours aux fuperfti ti on s diabo

l iques, ce fut lors qu’

i l s trouueren t plus de refiftan ce,

qu ' il y eut a com batre plus fortement ; que les fup

po fts du Diable ceux qui pati ent icy pour Magi

c iens fe rendirent plus in fo l en s a bl a fph em er contre

la Foy,a vi er de menaces , faire quelque chofe de

plus . [ 1 33] Quiconque vienne icy doit apporter fon

ame entre fes mains , attendre la mort peut eftre

autant de la rage d'

vu Algonquin ou d’

vu Huron ,

que d’

vu en n emy Iroquois . Vn barbare qui n e craint

aucune iufti ce ny de Dieu ny des hommes , a bien toft

fait vn manuais coup .

Vn de ces fuppo fts de Satan s’

eftan t vn i our mis

en colere contre vn des Peres , fe ietta fur ieufem en t

fur luy , l ’ayant terra ffé efto i t apres pour l’

eftran

g l er . Le Pere appellant Dieu a fon fecours fut entendu de quel qu

vn qui de bon-heur n ’

efto i t pas efloi gné,qui ayant horreur d’

vn e méchanceté fi noire fe

ietta fur cet homme , luy arracha la proye des mains ,enfin errefta fon crime .

Ces refiftan ces n'

em pefcho i en t pas que quelquesvus , m efm e des principaux , n e goufta ffen t les ch ofesde Dieu , n e fe fiffen t a ffiduem en t in ftrui re , n

euffen t

recours aux prieres qu’

i l s fa i fo ien t dans vue Cha

pelle , qui n’

auo i t rien de riche qu'

vn Autel o ii les

Anges adoro ien t tous les i ours ce qu’

i l s voyen t de

plus augufte dans l e Ciel . Mais nos Peres ne voyan spas encore en tout cela rien d’

a ffez fort [ 1 34] pour lesfondem en s d

vn e Egl i fe, qui do iuen t eftre fo l ides, fion veut ba fti r quelque chofe qui fo i t de durée ;ayans appris que ces peuples deuo ien t hyuern er icy

dans les Hurons , fe refo l uren t de n e bapti fer rien

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1642- 45 ] RELA TION OF 1 643 - 4¢

point ,— to cast discredit on vice , to reprove those whohad two wives , to forbid recourse to diabolical supersti ti on s,— then they encounter ed more opposition ,and had to contend more arduously ; then the in struments of the Devil , and those who pass here forMagicians , became more insolent in blasphemingagainst the Faith , in making use of threats , and indoing something more . [ 1 3 3] Whoever comes heremust carry his life in his hands , and expect death ,

perhaps as much from the fury of an Algonquin orof a Huron as of an Iroquois foe . A barbarian , w h odreads the justice neither of God nor of man , will

very readily commit a cr ime .

One of these instruments of Satan one day becameangry with one of the Fathers , rushed furiously onhim

,threw him down , and tr ied to strangle him .

The Father called on God to succor him , and washeard by some one who fortunately w as n ot far away ,and who

,having a horror of so black a crime , threw

himself on the man , tore his victim from his hands ,and prevented this crime .

These acts of opposition did not hinder some , evenamong the principal persons , from relishing matter spertaining to God . They assiduously obtainedinstruction and attended the prayers said in a Chapelwhich had nothing rich in it but an Altar whereonthe Angels adored every day the most august objectof their vision in Heaven . But our Fathers did notsee, as yet , in all this anything sufficient [ 1 34] forthe foundations of a Church , which must be solid , ifwe wish to build anything lasting on them ; and ,when they heard that these tribes were to winter

here in the Huron country , they resolved to baptize

only those whom they saw in danger of death , and

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5 4 LE S RELA TIONS DE S j ES U/TE S [Von 27

que ceux qu’

i l s voyo iet en danger de mort , diff e

rerent a efprouuer l es autres pendant tout l e cours

de l ’hyuer .

En effet fur la fin de Decembre non feulement les

N ipi f fir in iens , mais aufli plufieurs autres de ces Na

t ions errantes 85 de m efm e langue Algonquine qui

habitent fur les r iuages de no ftre mer douce , arri

ueren t quafi a n os portes , drefferent leurs cabanes

a ffez proches de nous : l e Pere Claude P i i art qui

feul alors nous refto i t de la langue Algonquin e

continua de les i n ftrui re.

Le premier qui recent le Baptefm e en eftat de

pleine fan té, fut vn Capitaine de guerre nommé Ali

m oueskan . C’

efto i t vn naturel fougueux 8L fuperbe,

principalement en n oftre endroit : La Foy en a fait

vn agneau l ’a rendu m éconn o i ffable . Il prit l e

n om d’

Eufta che lors qu’il fe fit Ch reftien , du de

puis i l a tourné [ 1 3 5] tellement fon courage a fe vainc re foy m efm e , a m épr i fer les railleries des Infidel es ,a refifter a leurs attaques , que quelques efiorts

qu’

ayen t apporté les plus ennemis de la Foy pour1’engager a quelque faute , i am a i s ils n’out pfi rien

gagner fur luy . Vn i our qu’on l 'en tra i fn o it par force

en vn lieu dont fa feule Foy luy pouuo i t donner de

l'

horreur ; voyi t qu' il n ’

euft pfi vaincre en comba

tant, i l fe del i ura pa r la fuite des mains de ceux quivoul o ient l e perdre en l ’a im ant . Souuen t i l a quitté

les compagnies pour ce fuiet ; i l a forty brufquem ent

des feftin s au milieu des ceremonies , quoy que pa rmy ces peuples cela fo i t inge pour vn crime . Mais

,

di fo i t- i l , i’

a im e mieux eftre criminel aux yeux de

tous les homes qu’

aux yeux de Dieu . Il prie publi

quem en t foi r matin en fa cabane , ne rougit en

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44

to put off the others for a probation during the wholecourse of the w inter .Indeed , a t the end of December , n ot only the

N ipi ssi r i n ien s but also several other s of these nomad

Tribes , and of the same Algonquin language , whodwell on th e shor es of our fresh -water sea , came

almost to our doors . They set up their cabins quitenear us ; and Father Claude Pija r t , w h o w a s the onlyone left us able to speak the Algonquin tongue ,continued to instruct them .

The fir st w h o r eceived Baptism w hile in full health

was a war Captain , named A l im oueska n . He was

of an impetuous and arrogant char acter , especiallytoward us . Faith has made a lamb of him , and haschanged him beyond recognition . He took the nameof Eustache when he became a Christian ; and Sincethen he h a s so exerted [ 1 3 5 ] his courage in conquering himself

,in scorning the banter of the Infidel s ,

and in r epelling their attacks , that , whatever eff ortsthe enemies of the Faith have made to induce him tocommit sin

,they have never been able to overcome

him . On e day,while he was being dragged by

force to a place for which hi s Faith alone couldinspire him with horror

,when he saw that he could

n ot win by fighting , he escaped by flight from the

hands of those who sought to effect his ruin throughlove . He ha s often left the company of people on

that account . He h a s abruptly come away from

feasts in the midst of the ceremonies , although thatis considered an offense among these peoples .

But,he said

,

“ I prefer to be a criminal in the

eyes of all men than in the sight of God . He prayspublicly

,night and morning

,in his cabin , and is

never ashamed to appear a Christian in any place .

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5 6 LE S RELA TIONS DE S jES U /TE S [VOL. 27

aucun lieu de pa ro i ftre Ch reftien . Comm [e] quelques railleurs luy reproch o ien t que fa Foy l e rendo i t

efcl aue, que c ’

efto i t trop s’

aba i ffer d’

obei‘

r au Pere

qui l ’en fei gn o i t ; Et bien ,dit-i l , i e ne veux plus luy

obei‘

r , mais ie veux obe'

i‘

r a Dieu duquel i l porte l a

parole. Ie n’ay plus qu

vn e [ 1 36] crainte en ce

monde, di fo it- i l vn e fois , de perdre 1a grace du Bap

tefm e, c'

eft l’

en tretien de mes pen fées , l e defir qui

regne plus dedans mon coeur .

Vn e faneur du Ciel en attire bien toft vne autre ,les graces de Dieu n e s

arreften t pas a vn feul .

Gelny qui fuiui t au Baptefm e ce Capitaine , fut appelleE fti en n e, fon furn om eft M angouch . C

efi vn

homme d’

vne fort douce humeur, qui auo i t defia con

n o i ffan ce de nos m yfteres pour auo i r quafi toufiours

efté l e M a i ftre de nos Peres en la langue : mais i l les

fcauo i t si s les croire , ce qu’il auo i t entendu du

Paradis de l ’En fer i am a i s n’

auo it fait de breche

en s6 coeur .

Quand Dieu anime vue parole elle a mille fois

plus d’

effet que la plus forte R hetori que des Ari ftotesCi ceron s. Le P . Charles R aym baut pa ffan t

l’

Efté dernier par les N ipifil r in iés, l angui ffan t d’

vn e

maladie do‘

t i l mourut, eftét arr iue a Kebec , n e di tque trois lignes a cet hOm e qui perceren t fon coeur .M angouch , luy dit-i l , tu voy bien que ie m

’en vay

mourir, c’efi maintenant que i e ne voudro i s pas te

mentir : ie t’

a ffeure qu ’il y a [ 1 37] la bas vn feu quibruflera etern el l em en t les m écroyan s . Cet hommeauo it entendu mille fois cette verite

,mais alors i l la ‘

redouta : i l demeura fans repartie , quoy que fon coeurfut plus fortement agité que i am a is . Sans doute

,

conclut-i l deflors en foy m efm e, cela eft vray , i l

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5 8 LE S R ELA TIONS D ES fES U /TE S [VOL 27

faut que 1 obei iIe a Dieu ; mais qui dénouera les liensqui me tiennent en cha i fné ? en vn mot i l fe fen to i t

trop foible, voyo i t fa m i fere fans pouuo i r encore

en forti r .

Enfin 1a grace a acheué fon coup . Cet hyuer lors

qu’

vn certain des plus confiderabl es de toute la

Natio, que Dieu auo i t touché tout l e premier, perdit

courage , refufa fur l e point d'

eftre bapti fé l e bon

heur des en fa ns de Dieu , celuy-cy prit fa place , fut

tout changé en vn moment ; i l brifa tout d’

vn coup

fes ch a i fnes, rompit l e noeud de fa captiuité, fe mit

a prier Dieu publiquement , renonca aux fuper fti

tions du pal s , fe m ocqua de tous ceux qui s’

oppo fe

rent a fon dee i n ; i l parut en fa per fonn e, qu' en

vn moment l e S . Efpr i t donne plus de force a vncoeur dont i l veut prendre poffef fion , qu

’il n ’

éto i t [ I 38]rem ply de fo ibl effe lors qu

' il efto i t abandonné aux

l a fchetez d’

vn e nature corrompue.

Sa ferueur eft accreue depuis fon Baptefm e ; i l va

toufiours montant dans cet efpr i t de Foy qui anime

fon zele , qui enflamm e fa charité , qui viuifie tout ce

qu’il fait , par tout l e donne a con n o i ftre pour

excellent Ch reftien . 11 a gagn é fa femme a Dieu,

luy m efm e l'

in ftrui t pour la di fpo fer a la grace .Non , dit-i l quelquefois , i e ne fens plus de peine a

rien , toutes chofes me font faciles , i l m’

eft adui s

que ie marche dans vn chemin tout appl any foa chfitce que ie fcay . Quand m efm e ceux qui m ' ont inftrui t fe bander oi en t tous contre moy

,me ch afie

ro i en t de la compagnie des Chreft ien s i'

auro is

recours a Dieu , i l fero i t ma conduite , toufiours ie

viuro is dans l’

efperan ce que voulant eftre tout a luy ,

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1642—45 ] RELA TION OF 1 643-

44

Beyond a doubt , he concluded i n his own mind,that is true . I must obey God . But who will

loosen the chains that keep me captive ? In a word ,he felt himself too weak , and saw his misfortunewithout being able , as yet , to extricate himselffrom it .Finally , grace crowned its work . Last winter

,

when one of the most important personages of theNation , whom God had touched first of all

,lost

courage and, just as he w a s on the point of being

baptized , refused the happiness of the children of God ,this man took his place , and w a s quite changed in amoment . He suddenly broke his chains , and burstthe bonds of his captivity . He began to pray to God

publicly ; he renounced the superstitions of the country ; he laughed at those who opposed his designs ;a nd it w as manifest in his person that in one momentthe Holy Ghost gives , to a heart of which he wills totake possession , strength greater than was [ 1 38] thedepth of its weakness , when abandoned to the basen ess of a corrupt nature .

H i s fervor has increased since h is Baptism , he continnes to progress in the spirit of Faith , that animates his zeal , that i nfiam es his charity , that gives lifeto everything that he does , and makes him knowneverywhere as an excellent Christian . He h a s won

h i s wife over to God , and teaches her himself , toprepare her for grace . No ,

” he sometimes says ,I no longer find difficulty in anything. Everythingis easy to me , and I feel that I walk in a road allsmoothed

,knowing what I know . Even if those who

have taught me should league themselves against me ,and should drive me away from the company of theChristians

,I would have recourse to God . He would

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60 LES RELA TION S D E S j ES U l TE S [VOL . 27

quoy que fiffen t les hommes , luy feul auro i t pitié demoy .

Quelques autres perfon n es font efbralées de ces exemples

,donnen t efperan ce de quelque bon fuccez ;

mais nous n e iugeons pas qu'il faille fe prefier auec

[ 1 39] des fauuages, ny leur confier la fa in éteté de nosm yfteres fans quelque forte efpreuue. Cependant

on n e l a i ffe pas d’

enuoyer toufiours dans l e Ciel desames innocentes , quelquefois auce tant de bonheur, qu

’il eft a i fé de voir que les conduites de ladiuin e proui den ce font par tout adorables , en tout

lieu remplies d 'amour pour fes Efleus. Ce font

auta nt d’

Aduocats dans l e Ciel , autant d’

inter cefl eurs

auprés de Dieu , qui en fin fléch i ron t fa m i fer i cordeattireront fa benediction fur ces peuples .

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1642 - 45 ] RELA TION OF 1 643—44

be my guide , and I would always live in the hopethat , as I wish to belong entirely to him ,

he alone

will have pity on me,no matter what men may do .

Some other persons are moved by these examples ,and give us hopes of fair success ; but we do not con

sider that we should be in haste with [ 1 39] savages ,or confide our holy mysteries to them without some

thorough test . Meanwhile , we fail not at least tosend to Heaven some innocent souls , and occasionally w ith so much happiness that it i s easy to see

that the ways of divine providence are adorable everywhere , and are in all places full of love for his E lect .These are so many Advocates in Heaven ; so manyintercessors with God , who in the end will cause hismercy to incline , and will call down his blessing onthese peoples .

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62 LE S RELA TIONS D E S j ES U /TE S [VOL . 27

Lettre de M. DC. XLIV.

ON R EVER END PER E ,I’

adreffo i s l’an paffe la R elation a voftre

R eueren ce,mais les porteurs ayans efté pris

ou défaits en chemin par les ennemis , les Anges du

Ciel la conduifiren t h eureufem en t entre les mains du

P . Ifa a c Iogues , pour luy ferui r de quelque con fo l a

tion dans fa captiui té, luy faire voir l es fruiéts de

fes trauaux fouffréi ces Apofto l i ques . Nous [ 140]en enuoyfim es depuis vue fec6de copie , nous n e fea

n ons encore ce qu’elle eft deuenue'

. Nous auon s toutfui et de craindre que les m efm es accidens n ’

a rr iuen t

cette année ; c’efi pourquoy pour effayer toutes les

voyes poflibl es de faire fcauo i r a voftre R euer en ce den os n ouuel l es , n

'

ayat pfi encore receuo i r des me

moires plus amples de nos Peres , pour vn e n ouuel l e

R elation , vo i cy par auan ce vn mot qui pourra dOnerquelque idée de l ’efta t prefen t des affaires de Dieuen ce pa1s .La guerre y a continué fes rauages ordinaires pen

dant l ’E fté : les Iroquois ennemis de ces peuples ontbouché tous les pa ffages les auenues de la R iui erequi conduit 5 Kebec ; de ceux que la n eceffité desm ar ch andi fes de France auo i t contraint de fermerl es yeux a ces dangers , plufieur s y font demeurez ;les autres pour la plufpa rt font retournez tout nuds

ou percez d’

arquebufades , apres auo i r efch apé feptou huit fois les mains la cruauté de ces barbares .La defo l ati on n

efto i t pas moindre fur l e pai‘s ; de

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1642- 45 ] RELA TJ ON OF ”543-

44

Letter of M . DC. XLIV.

Y R EVER END FATHER ,

Last year , I sent th e R elation to your R everence ; but when the bearers were captured

or killed on the way by the enemies, the Angelsof Heaven happily made it fall into the hands ofFather Isaac Jogues , to serve him as some consolation

in his captivity , and to show him the fruits of hisApostolic labors and suff erings . We [ 140] afterward

sent a second Copy , but we do not know what becameof it . We have every r eason to fear that the sameaccidents will happen this year . Therefore , in orderto attempt every possible means of giving your R everence some news of us , since I have not receivedmore ample notes from our Fathers for a new R elation

,I now send a few words in advance , to give you

some idea of the present state of the aff airs of Godin this country.

War continued i ts usual ravages during the Summer. The Iroquois

,who are the enemies of these

tribes,have closed all the passages and avenues of

the R iver that leads to Kebec ; and of those whomthe necessity of obtaining goods from France hadcompelled to close th eir eyes to these dangers , manyhave fallen therein . Most of the others have come

back entirely naked , or pierced with arquebus balls ,after having escaped seven or eight times from the

hands and the cruelties of those barbarians .There was no less desolation throughout the

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64 LE S R ELA TION S D E S fES U l TE S [VOL 27

panures femmes fe font trouuées prefque tous les

i ours a ffomm ées [ 14 1 ] dans leurs champs ; les bourgsdans les a l l a rm es continuelles , toutes les troupes

qui s’

efto i en t lenees en bon nombre pour aller don

ner la chaffe a l ’en n em y fur les fron ti eres , ont efte

défaites m i fes en déroute , les captifs emmenez acentaines , fouuen t nous n

auon s point eu d’

autres

courr iers por teur s de ces fun eftes n ouuel l es , que

de panures mal-heur eux efch apez du milieu des

flamm es , dont l e corps demy bruflé, les doigts desmains coupez

,nous don n o iét plus d

a ffeuran ce que

leur parole m efm e , dumalheur qui les auo i t a ccuei l l yeux leurs camarades .

Ce fleau du Ciel en efto i t d’

autan t plus fenfibl e

qu ’il efto i t accompagné de celuy de la famine , vn iuer

felle pa rm y toutes ces Nations a plus de cent lieues ala ronde : le bled d’

Inde, qui eft icy l’

vn i que fouftien

de la vie , y efto i t i i rare,que les plus accommodez

a peine en auo ien t- ils pour en fem en cer leurs terres ;

plufieur s n e viuo ien t que d’

vn peu de gland , de poti

rons , de chetiues racines qu’

i l s a l l o ien t fouuen t

chercher bien loin en des lieux de m afia cre ,qui

n’

efto i en t [ 142] batus que des pas de l’

enn em y .

Nous auon s tiré cet aua n tage de la n ecefi i té publi

que , que Dieu pa r vn e proui den ce toute particuliere

nous ayant pourueu a fuffifan ce de bled du pai’s

,nous

a en m efm e temps donné vue belle o ccafion de faire

c on n o i ftre 5 nos Ch reftien s par des effets bien fenfibles , l

étro i te vn i on que nous con traéton s an eo eux

par l ’efpr i t de la Foy . No itre m a i fon ,dans laquelle

nous auon s vn e efpece d’

h ofpi ta l hors de n o ftre

appartement , leur a toufi ours efté ouuerte ; i l s y font

venus fe ra fra i fch i r de temps en temps l es vn s apres

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66 LES R ELA TION S D E S j ES Z/I TE S [VOL 27

les autres,pour traua i l l er par apres plus a i fém en t

a leurs champs . Les Infidel es ont efté viuem en t

touchez de cette charité inufitée pa rm y eux ,

pl ufieurs en font deuenus ex cel len s Ch refti en s .

Des moyens eftudiez par la prudence humaine fonttrop bas pour conduire des en trepr i fes que Dieu re

garde comme fien n es . La guerre , la famine , les perfe

entions,toutes ces tem peftes qui fem bl o ien t plus que

i am a i s deuo i r abattre l e Chr i fti an i fm e , l’ont puifiam

ment [ 143] eftably . Contre l 'ordin a i re des annéesprecedentes , nos Peres ont eu autant plus d’

em pl oy

pendant l ’efté que durant l ’hyuer : nos Mill i ons ont

efté changées en R efiden ces, les Chapelles agrandiespar tout : faute de cloches i l nous a fallu pendre de

Vieux chaudrons a l ’in ftan ce a la fo l l i c itati on denos Ch reftien s : les c im etier es ont efte benis , les

procef fion s dans les bourgs , les fun era i l l es felon la

c ouftum e de l ’Egl i fe, les Croix er igées adorées

fo l enn el l em en t a la venedeS barbares .Les anciens Ch reftien s menent vn e vie i rr epro

chable pleine de fa in teté, les bons fen tim en s que

Dieu leur donne plus que i am a i s nous font con n o i ftre

que l e fa in ét Efpr i t prend tous les i our s vue n ouuel l e

plus forte po ffefli on de leurs coeurs . Ils font l’

ofli ce

de D ogi ques en l’

abfen ce de n os Peres . Dans leurs

guerres leurs ch a ffes eftan s m efm es en grandes

troupes , font faire les prieres publiques , marcher

l e fernice dinin aufii exactement,que s ’ils efto i en t

dans leur Egl i fe ; i n ftrui fen t bapti fen t an eo beau

coup de fa ti sfadti on [ 144] edifica ti on dans les dan

gers ; rem pl i ffen t l es Nations eftra ngeres oui l s vonten m arch andi fe de l

odeur de leur vertu,y prefchen t

la fa in teté de la loy Ch refti enn e,font n a i ftre par tout

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1 642- 45 ] RELA TION OF [ 643-44

greatly touched by such charity , which is unusualamong them ; and many of them have become excellent Chri stians .

M ethods elaborated by human prudence are tooinferior to carry out undertakings that God considersas h i s own . Wa r , famine , persecutions , all these

storms that seemed more likely than ever to overwhelm Christianity , have greatly [ 143] strengthenedit . Contrary to the usual experience of previ ous

years , our Fathers have had as much and more occupatiou during the summer than during the winter .

Our Missions have been changed into R esidences,

and the Chapels have been everywhere enlarged .

Through lack of bells , we have had to hang up oldca ldrons , at the r equest and solicitation of our

Christians . The cemeteries were blessed ; processions were held in the villages and funerals Weresolemnized according to the custom of th e Church ;Crosses were erected and solemnly adored , in theSight of the barbarians .The older Christians lead a life that i s i rreproa ch

a ble and full of godliness . The good sentiments ,with which God inspires them mor e than ever , show

us that the holy Ghost every day takes new andstronger possession of their hearts . They performthe office of Dogi que,

1 in the absence of our Fathers .

In their wars and on their hunts , even when they a re

in large bands,they offer public prayers , and hold

divine service, a s strictly a s if they were in their

Church ; they instruct and baptize , with much satis

faction and [ 144] edifica ti on , in times of danger ; the

reputation of their virtue pervades the for eign Tribeswith whom they trade ; they preach ther e the hol i

ness of the Christian law ; they inspire everywhere

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68 LE S R ELA TION S D E S j ES U I TE S [Von 27

l e defir de io ii i r du bon-heur qu'

i l s po ffeden t, nousouuren t in fenfiblem en t la porte a plufieurs grandspeuples qui ne pouuo ien t entendre n oftre nom fansfr emir , ne nous auo ien t regardé par l e pafié, que

comme des perfonnes qui leur porto ien t malheur .Pour ce qui eft des n ouueaux Ch reftien s , le nom

bre en a efté notablement plus grand cette année que

les precedentes . Les Infidel es m efm es humiliez

rendus plus dociles par l ’a ffliéti on , nous fem bl en t

beaucoup moins él oigriez du Royaume de Dieu . Eu

fin tl e corps des Chreftien s apres de fortes éprennes

du Ciel , fe va r endant con fiderabl e commence aemporter l e deflus en quelques bourgs . Sur quoy vn

des plus notables de cc pa l s fe plaignant vn i our

a vn Capitaine Chreftien , de l'empire que pren o i t

i n fenfibl em en t la Foy fur les couftum es de leurs

a n ceftres, di fan t qu’il fero i t a [ 14 5 ] propos de s' op

pofer au pl uftoft au cours de l 'Euangi l e ; cela en i t

efté bon dans les comm en cem en s , dit cc braue Neo

phyte , mais maintenant que les cho fes font fi auan

cees , cette en trepr i fe fero i t tout a fait au deil us desforces humaines : i l nous fera plus a i fé a nous de conuertir ce qui refte encore dans 1’infidel ité, qu

'a vousde nous faire quitter n oftre refo luti on

,abandon

ner la Foy.

Dieu ver ifie ce bon courage , auan t que d’en venir

a ce point, nous auon s en cor de pui ffan s obftacl es a

rompre , l’

in ftabi l i té inueterée dans les mariages nefero it pas vn des moindres , fans la charité de quelques perfonnes , aufquel l es nous fomm es redeuabl es

d'

vu bon nombre de familles Ch reftienn es , que n ousn

aur ion s i am a i s gagnées a Dieu fans ces afii ftan cestemporelles; nous auon s tous fujet d

efperer que

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1642- 45 ] R ELA TION OF “5 43-

44

the desire of enjoying the blessing that they possess ,and imperceptibly open the door for us to many great

nations who could not hear our name with out a shudder , and w h o had looked upon us in the past only a s

persons who brought misfor tune upon them .

As for the n ew Christians , their number h a s beenmuch gr eater this year than in pr evious ones . Eventhe Infidel s , who are humiliated and made moredocile by afl i cti on , seem to us to be less distant fromGod ’

3 Kingdom . Final ly , th e body of Chr istians,

after heavy trials sent by Heaven , is becoming moreconsiderable

,and begins to be in the major ity in

some of th e villages . Concerning this , one of th emost important personages of this country complained

one day,to a Christian Captain , of th e sway that th e

Faith was imperceptibly gaining over the customs oftheir forefathers

,and said that i t would be [ 14 5 ] ad

visable to oppose the course of the Gospel as soon aspossible That would have answer ed at th e beginning

,said the brave Neophyte ; but , now that

matters are so far advanced , such an undertakingwould be completely beyond human strength . It

will be easier for us to convert those who still r emain

infidel s , than for you to make us abandon our r esolu

tion and give up th e Faith .

May God confirm what that courageous hear t hassaid . Befor e obtaining i t , we have still great ob

sta c l es to over come , of which the inveterate insta

bi l i ty of marriages would not be the least , but for thecharitable assistance of cer tain persons , to whom we

are indebted for a goodly number of Christian families

,whom we would never have won over to God

without such temporal assistance . And we have

every reason to hope that our Churches will continue

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70 LE S RELA TIONS DES jES U I TE S [Von 27

nos Egl i fes iront toufiour s cro i ffan s par tout , tandis

que ces fources de piete n e tariront point : vn mari

a ge bien eftabl y nous donne fouuen t quinze ou fei ze

Ch reftien s .

Mais la plus forte efpin e que nous [ 146] ayons , eft"que les ennemis de ces peuples ayas le deffus par l emoyen des arquebufes qu

'

i l s ont de quelques Europeas

,nous fomm es m a in tenan s comme i nuefti s

afli egez de tous coftez , fans pouuo i r foul ager la mifere d’

vne infin i té de peuples , qui vinent encore dansl’

ign oran ce du y ray Dieu; ny receuo i r m efm e du

fecours de la France qu’

auec des peines incroyables .Nous attendons vn iquem en t du Cie l , l

'

apl an i iIem en t

de ces difii cul tez les prieres , les voeux qu’on fera

pour nous , pour tant de panures Barbares , ferontfans doute les a f fifta n ces les plus a iIeurées qu ’on n ous

puifi'

e rendre . Au moins fi le malheur des tempsem pefche que tous l es eff ets de la charité de tantd ’ames fa in étes , n e viennent iufques a nous , tant delarmes qu '

elles ver fen t nuiét iour denaut les fa crezAutels , leurs foufpi rs leurs gem i ffem en s penetre

ront malgré la rage des Iroquois , iufques auplus hautdes Cieux , pour y crier m i fer i corde en faneur de tant

de Nations ra cheptées du precieux fang du Fils deDieu . Nous [ 1 74 i .e. , 147] fa l ii on s tous humblement vo ftre R eueren ce, nous recommandons

a ffectueufem en t a fes SS . SS . PP .

De V . R .

D es H urons , ce a’

er

n ier d’e M a rs , 1644 .

Tres-humble tres-obeyffantferuiteur en N . Seign eur ,H IER OSM E LALEMANT .

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1642- 45 ] RELA TION OF -44

to grow everywhere, as long as such pious sourcesare not exhausted . A well-established marriageoften gives us fifteen or sixteen Christians .But our sharpest thorn [ 146] is , that the enemiesof these tribes have the advantage over them throughthe arquebuses that they obtain from certain Euro

peans . We are now , a s i t were , invested and besieged on all sides , without being able to relieve themisery of a multitude of peoples who , as yet , live inignorance of the true God . Nor can we receive aidfrom France without incredible trouble . To Heavenalone do we look for the r emoval of these obstacles ;and the prayers that will be said and the vows that

will be made for us , and for so many poor Barbari

ans , will , no doubt , be the surest assistance that canbe given us . At least , if the misfortunes of thetimes prevent the effects of the charity of so manysaintly souls from coming to us, all the tears that

they shed night and day before the sacred Altars ,their sighs and groans

,will , in spite of th e fury of

the Iroquois,reach to the highest Heavens , and cry

for mercy in favor of so many Nations redeemed by the

precious blood of the Son of God . We [ 1 74 i .e. , 147]all send our humble salutations to your R everence ,and aff ectionately commend ourselves to your HolySacrifices and Prayers .

Your Reverence ' s

From tire H uron country ,

this la st of M a r clt , 1 644 .

Very humble and very obedien tservant in Our Lord ,

H IEROSM E LALEMAN'

I‘

.

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1642 10URNAL DE S PP . j ES‘

U I TE S 75

S i nostr orum aua’

i re La borum ;

Ante a nnos cl ouso Campanet Vesper olynzpo ,

Quinn , pr imei r epetens a b or igine, si ngula tr a a’a in .

Quw r egio in ter r is , nostr i ta rn plena Lobar is

D ispiee sa cr a ta s nostrorum ex ordinepugna s;

B el laguej am f a i n t? totum Vulga ta per oroem ;

E t La eeros a r tus , a mbusta’

que corpor a flamm is .

I roqueus , m ul ta oa sta ba t ceea’e col onos

H osti ous oceis is , pessum a’

ea’i t Algonqui n

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LE S RELA TIONS D E S j ES U I TES [Von 27

Estat dupays Iors que i’

y arriue en Sept.

1645 .

l e 7. a mon tr ea l ; l e 1 0. aux 3 . r zu l e d’

oet. a Si l

l ery , (Se l e 2 . a Queoek. dec l a resuper e.l e 16. de sefit. a a n. die

soz’

r aux 3 . r z’

u

moys precedent scauo i r au moys

d’

Aoust a rr iueren t 5 . Vaisseaux dont

M on sf . de r epentigny esto i t admiral ; la

n ouuel l e principale qu’

i l s apporteren t fut que

Messieurs de la Comp“. generale auo ien t cede

la traite aux Habitans moyenant certaines

Conditions por tées par leurs Conuen ti on s qui

sont dans nos Arch iues , agente regina

nobis im pel l en tib .

Ensuite l es Inuen ta i res furent faits , les

Hurons arriueren t auec moy h eureusem t. l e

10 . de sept . apres toutes les publ i cfion s faites

de sorte que tous les Castors s ’

en a l l eren t aux

Habitans . Montreal auo i t fait Ses Conuentions a part auec les habitans

, sembl o i t

s’

estre decharge sur eux de la plu part de 5 6 5

obl igaon s : Il n e demeura a Vi lm ar ie que

M ousf . d’

Al ibour sa femme sa soeur Made.

Manse de considerables ; l e P . l e Ieune a la

requeste de M on sf. de la Dauuersiere Intendan t

des afi‘a ires de montreal en France, le P .

Iogues y furent destinés pour y hyuerner . l e

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1642- 45 ] [ 0URNAL D E S PP . [ ES HI TES

State of the country w hen I arrive there,H z

er osm e La l emen t

in September, 1645 .

"545

The 7th a t m on tr ea l ; the 1 0th a t 3 r iver s; the 1 st of Oetoher a t S i l l ery ; a nd the end a t Queheh . Dec l a r ed

super i or the roth of Septem ber , a t 8

o'

c l ock i n the even i ng , a t 3 r iver s .

N the month preceding ,— to wit , in the

month of August, 5 Vessels arrived , of

which Monsieur de repentigny was ad

miral ; the principal news that they broughtw as that Messieurs of the general Companyhad ceded the right of trade to the Habitans

,

on certain Conditions conveyed by their Agreements , which a re in our Archives

, agente r eg i

na et nohis impel len ti bus .

2

Next th e Inventor ies were taken ; and theHurons arrived with me prosperously , on the10th of September , after all the announcements were published ; so that all the Beavers

went to the Habitans . Montreal had madeIts own Agreements privately w ith the habi

tans,and seemed to have fulfilled , with respect

to them,most of its obligations . Ther e re

mained at Vi lm a r i e, of notable persons , onlyMonsieur d’

Al i bour , his wife and sister , andMademoiselle Manse . Father l e Jeune , at

the request of Monsieur de la D auversi ere,

Intendant of the affairs of montreal in France ,and Father Jogues , were appointed to winterthere ; father buteux and father Jogues had

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78 LE S R ELA TION S D E S [ ES U I TE S [VOL . 27

p . buteux l e p Iognes y auo ien t h iuern é

aupa rauan t . m on sf . de m a i son neuue qui com

m ando i t a montreal repassa cette année en

france pr

. la mort de son pere .

En mesme temps que i’

a rr iue ou esto i t en

attente du retour de quelques francois Cap

tifs qu ’on auo i t enuoyé aux An n ieron on s pour

traiter la paix ; ils retourn eren t icy auec Cous

ture l e 1 7 . du mesme moys de Sept en

repar tirent l e 22 . les Hurons les A lgonq .

s’

esto ien t trouués a cc pourpar ler de paix ,

auo i en t pris reso l ii on de reconduire les An

n ieron on s a leur pays ; mais estan t a rr iuer a

richelieu , ils s’en r euin ren t ; i l n

y eut que

Cousture auec 4 . An n i eron on s trois Hurons

qui pa sseren t outre .

Enui ron l e 1 2 . d’

oct . on tua trois ou quatre

Montagnes qui esto ien t a la chasse , on eut

peur que ce n e fussent An n ier on on s , toutes

fois on pensa que ce pouro ien t bien estre des

sokoki o i s , dont on avo i t tué i l y a quelques

années quel quesvn s : i l y auo i t pour lors cinq

Ann ieron on s : qui hyuern o ien t aneo les mon

tagnes Al gon qua in s qui n’eurent aucun

mal ; mais Pi sca ret , Cap . Algonqua i n qui en

auo i t deux ou 3 en sa charge, iugea a propos

de r enuoyer les fien s : tant pour eui ter tous

les basars ffireur s des i eun es gens , que pr.

donner adui s a Annies de ce qui se pa sso i t , on

en donna adui s a Cousture , affin que si c’

es

to ien t An n ieron on s , i l scent qu’en ca s qu’on

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1642- 45 ] [ 0URNAL D E S P P . [ ES U J TE S 79

wintered there before . Monsieur de maisonneuve , who commanded at montreal , wentback to france this year on account of thedeath of h i s father . 3

At the very time when I arri ved , they wereexpecting the r eturn of some frenchmen and

Captives , who had been sent to the Ann iero

nons to treat for peace ; they returned herewith Cousture th e 1 7th of the same month ofSeptember , and went away again on the 22nd.

The Hurons and the Algonqua in s had beenpresent at this peace confer ence , and hadadopted a resolution to escort the An n iero

nons back to their country ; but , having

arr ived at richelieu , they returned ; only Cous

ture , with 4 An n ieron on s and three Hurons ,went beyond .

About th e 1 2th of October , three or fourMontagnais were killed , w h o were hunting ;it was feared that these Slayers might be An

n ieron on s , although it was thought that they

might well be sokok i o i s , of whom some hadbeen killed a few years ago . There were , atthat time

,five An n ieron on s , who were winter

ing with the montagnais and Algon qua in s ;these suffered no h a rm ,

but P i scaret , an Algon

quain Captain,who had tw o or 3 of them in his

care,deemed it advisable to send back h i s ,

both to avoid all risks , and the fury of the

young men,and to give warning to Annies of

what was going on . They notified Cousture

of this,to the end that , if the offenders wer e

Ann ieron on s , he might know that , in case

satisfaction were made,the peace would not

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Cl aude

LE S RELA TIONS D E S j ES U l TE S [Von 27

sati sfit, la paix n e sero i t point rompue .

de ceux que P i ska ret auo it enuoyé n’alla pas

loin : i l reuin t aussy tost craignant dit i l les

Algonqua in s .

Richelieu fut presque abandonne scauo i r a

la reserue de 8 on 10 soldats . nos PP . den

demare Ioseph duperon en reui n ren t sur la

fin de septembre : personne n’alla a leur

place pour y demeurer M on sf. de Sen n eta i re

qui y comm ando i t s’en retourna en france

mons’. de Cham ph l our , qui a comm endo i t aux

3-riu . s’en retourna aussy ; a sa place fut mis

pour vn temps Mons’. bourdon enfin m on sr.

de la poterie y alla pr

. y commender : l e p .

buteux y fut mis sup. p de noue , p . p . pi i a rt

procureur des Hurons l e p . Ioseph duperon ;trois hommes .

A Sillery fut mis l e p . de Quen l e p . Masse

le p . drui l l etes vn frere et quatre hommes

A Quebek , l e p . h ierosm e 1a l em a n t Super’.

p . Vimont , p . dendem are, trois de n os ff .

vn homme — nos ff . l iegeo i s , Am br . Cann et ,P . feauté— l e P Quentin Procureur a l l o i t

ven o i t dans les vaisseaux l e f . l i egeo i s esto i tson Compagnon qui fa i soi t office de Procureur

dans l e pays ; i l reuen o it de france fresche

ment y ayant demeuré vn an .

Les 3 . hommes qui esto ien t aux 3 . riu .

gangnoien t I OOII . l’

vu se n omm o i t x stienn ot ;

l’autre mathieuCh ouré, l e Ant . desrosiers .

A Sillery les deux mercenaires a 10011 . aussy

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A r ch z‘I/es .

n om m o ien t Simeon , l’autre la n eiger ie :

les deux Domestiques ad vita , Iaques Iun ier

robert hache . A Quebek i l auo i t que

Pierre Gontier Dom est . ad Vitam : on verra

dans l es Archines la Condition des Dom est .

ad vitam leur histoire .

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1642- 45 ] [ 0URNAL D E S PP . [ ES HI TES

men , also at 100 livres , were appointed— oneSimeon , and the other la n eiger ie : the twoDomestics a o’vi tam ,

Jaques Jun i er and robert

hache . At Quebek there was only PierreGontier , a s Domestic a o

’ Vi ta m : we shall see

in the Archives the Status of the Domestics

a a’

vitam , and their history .

A r eh ives .

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enut. en tr e a fir e

serui ce

Four

ti ts a’

e sauuage

[ fia r t a’

es D a i s

seaux .

L ES R ELA TIONS D ES [ ES U I TES [Vo n 27

Iournal commencé 1645 .

OCTOBR E

E 1 7 . fut recen a nOe serui ce Chrestien

naut a trente escus de gages par an

fut enuoyé aux 3 . riu . pr. y serui r de

Cuisinier Coustur ier en vn mot de tout : Il

esto i t pa sse de france icy dans l e bord de M .

de repentigny y auo i t receu dum escon ten

tem en t, de sorte qu i l auo i t resolu de se

retirer dans les bois pl ustost que de re

passer : i l n ’

y eut point de marché par escr i t

aneo luy .

l e 1 9 . on com m enca a faire vn four chez n vf

nous] apres en auo i r demandé la per

mission aux MM . de la maison .

l e mesme Iour sortit de la maison vne

petite qua i sse ou esto ien t 3 . on 4 . habits de

saunages accomplis ; pour estre presentes au

roy par M . de repentigny ; sur ce que l e roy

auo i t tesm o ign é desirer qu’on luy enuoya t

quelque chose de par deca . l e magazin en

auo i t fait la pl vf grande depen ce.

l e 29 . partirent les vaisseaux cinq en nom

bre chargés a ce que l’on tient de vingt mille

liures de Castor pesant pr . les habitans , de

dix mille pr 1a Compi". géa l e a vn e pistole ou

dix ou onse francs la liure . m on sf. de repen

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1642—45 ] [ 0URNAL D E S PP . [ ES U /TE S

J ourna l begun, 1645 .

OCTOBER .

N the 1 7th , Ch restienn aut w a s received Ch r estien n aut en ter s

into our servi ce , at wages of thirty écus0” ” rm

.

a year , and w a s sent to 3 rivers inorder to serve there as Cook and Clothier

,in

a word , for everything . He had come hither

from france in Monsieur de repen tigny’

s

retinue , and had become discontented there ,so that he had resolved to retreat to the woodsrather than go back [to France] ; there was nowritten contract with him .

On the 1 9th , we began to build an oven at OW”

our house , after having asked permission fromMessieurs the owners of the house .

4

On the same Day , there left the house a £4 7 ”?m

little box in which were 3 or 4 savage gar f or ”wk'hg ’

ments , all complete , to be presented to theking by Monsieur de r epen tigny ,— because theking had expressed a desire that somethingfrom over here should be sent him . The warehouse had borne the main expense ther eof .

On the 29th ,the vessels sailed , five in num D epa r tur e of ”w

ber,— laden

,as is estimated , with twenty

WW“

thousand pounds ' weight of Beaver skins forthe habitans

,and ten thousand for the general

Company,at a pistole , or ten or eleven francs ,

a pound . Monsieur de repentigny was admiral ; his brother, monsieur de Tilly ,

5 com

m anded the vessel of Montreal , in which

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LE S R ELA TION S D E S [ ES U I TES [VOL . 27

tigny en esto i t admiral ; son frere moust . de

Tilly c om m ado i t l e vai sseau de Montreal dans

lequel repa sso it Mons’

. de m a i son n euue ;

m on sr . Godefroy vn autre vaisseau ; on tira

tr ois coups du fort lorsque m on sf . de re

pen tigny en forti t prenant congé de m on sr . l e

gonu . trois du magazin l orsqu’

i l s’

em ba rqua

dans la chaloupe ; rec iproquemt

. tous les

vaisseaux : l euan t l 'ancre sa lueren t mons’. l e

Gouuer n eur .

Le P . Quentin procureur ordinaire ; nOe

f . dominique skot venu des Hurons pour

son Infirm i té de po lm on , pa sseren t dans l’

Ad

miral

l e 2 5 . partit m on sf . l e Gouuern eur pl"

. aller

a l ’Isl e aux oyes , ofi i l fa i so i t traua i l l er a la

terre 8: y auo i t 7 . ouur i ers : i l laisse m on sr . de

Ch auigny pr

. Son lieutenant , 8L me donna vn

papier cacheté pf . dans lequel esto i t l ’ordre a

garder en cas qu ’il vint faute de luy : i l mena

iafiel l epr este‘e a auec soy m on s

r. N i colet prestre me fit prier

N i col et ptr e. c‘lN e

due 6“ r epr este’

e

de luy prester vue chapel le ga r n ze: on luy en

donna vue o ii i l y auo i t calice d’

Argen t, cha

subl e n euue, fort belle nape grande,belle

ausbe tout l e reste a l ’auen an t , i l desi ra sur

tout qu ' on luy donn a st bougie hosties : bref

rien n’

y m anquo i t .

z 71 a a bea upr e'

. Ce mesme Iour partit m on sr

. de S t. Sauueur”I" 5 “ SWWW ' pour beaupré ; messieurs de cette Comp ie. luy

donne 2 5 . esens par an pour y faire quelques

voyages y auo i r l e soin du spirituel tem

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1642- 45 ] [ 0URNAL D E S PP . [ ES U/TES

Monsieur de maisonneuve was r eturning ; andmonsieur Godefroy

,another vessel . Three

shots were fired from the fort,when monsieur

de r epentigny left it , having taken leave ofmonsieur the governor ; and three shots fromthe war ehouse , when he embarked in the shallop . All the vessels

,upon weighing anchor

,

saluted , in their turn , monsieur the Governor .

Father Quentin , pro curo r in ordinary , andour brother dominique skot — who had comefrom the Hurons , because of h i s Infirm i ty of

the lungs— went over in the Admiral'

s ship .

On the 2 5 th , monsieur th e Governor set outto go to the Isle aux oyes , where he was cultiva ti ng the land , and had thereon 7 workmen . He left monsieur de Chavigny 6 a s

His lieutenan t , and gave me a sealed paper ,in which w a s th e order to be observed in caseany accident befell him . He took with himmonsieur N i coletj‘

"

pr iest , and sent the request

to me to lend him a fur n ished or a tory . He

w a s given one in which there w a s a Silver

chalice,a new chasuble , a very beautiful and

large cloth , and a handsome alb , and every

thing else in keeping ; he especially desiredthat he be given a candle and hosts ; in short ,nothing was wanting .

This same Day , monsieur de St . Sau

veur 8 left for beaupré ; messieurs of this Company give him 2 5 écus a year to make some

trips thither,and to have charge there of spirit

ual and temporal affair s . This has been donewith our consent , in order to provi de meanwhile for a priest at the hospital ; but that will

Or a tory l en t to

sz'

eur N z'

eo l et, pr i est ,eta ; del iver ed,

a nd

desc r z'

oed in fra .

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M a r i ag e

LE S RELA TION S D E S [ ES U J TES [VOL 27

porel ; ce qui s’est fait auec nOe con sen tem t

.

pour pouruo i r cependant de prestre a l’

h ospi

tal : mais cela n e sera que pf . vn an , on mande

vn autre prestre en france pr ; l ’hospital a la

place de m . de St. Sauueur .

l e 26 . fut marié francois Marguerie auec la

fil l e de lVre. Z acharie l e P . Vimont fut inui té

aux n opces y alla .

22 . Soldats ayant esté enuoyes aux Hurons

en 1 644 . enuoyes de france par la royne auec

plusieurs autres pf l e bien du pays laquelle

pr. ce sniet auo i t donné cent mille francs : ils

l ogeren t chez n vf aux Hurons 8L vescuren t a

noe table ; ils retourn eren t vn an apr es i our

pour i our : car esta n t a rr iués aux Hurons l e 7 .

de Sept . ils a rr iueren t a montreal auec 60 .

canots Hurons l e 7 . de Sept . de l ’an n ee

d’apres : ils reui n ren t chargés de quantité de

Castors pour trente on 40 . mille francs . Sur

quoy y ayant eu dispute entre les habitans

mis n ouuel l em t. en possession de la traite

messieur s de la Comp ie. g’

ri le , i l s s’

a ccorderen t

d’

em pl oyer l e prouenu a ba sti r vn e Eglise

presbytere pf . lequel en par ticulier six mille

liures furent destinées , sauf a n vf d’

y adi ous

ter Si bon nvf sem bl o i t . Au reste n ’

y ayant

rien de plvf r a i son abl e que de nvf donner la

nouritur e destinée pr . ces soldats , qui pouuo i t

monter a ca 20011 . par teste on n e n vf en don

na que trente escus par teste y compris tous

les autres fra i ts d’

auo i r refait les armes assis

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Cha r l es I: M ayn e

Nicol a s Ggf a r

pl ez'

n te a’es H uron s

h i uer na n s a

[ 1 se tr an n e que l a

pl ez'

n te estoi tplus

g r a nde one l e m a l ,

H ur on s hyuern a n s

a l’

hospz'

ta l .

LES R ELA TIONS D E S [ ES U I TE S [VOL 27

té les malades &c on nvf fit tort de pl vf de

deux mille 500 liures .

rescription donnée en mesme temps a mons'.

du Chesne oncle de Charles l e Moyne de 20

esens que nvf donnions a son nepueu p'

. le

serui ce de quatre ans rendu aux Hurons ; on

l’

habi l la luy donnat-ou du linge hon este

ment , i l fut enuoye aux 3 -riu . soldat Inter

prete .

Nicolas Gi ffar qui aussy en qualité d'

En fa n t

nvf auo i t serui 4 . ans aux Hurons eut vn

habit honn este, 85 vn autre de toile pf . l e con

seruer , du linge h onnestem t. 5011 . dont n vf

luy dem eura sm es redeuabl es ; i l fit marché

aneo M“. Z achari e charpentier pf . estre aneo

luy 5 . ans moyenant 4011 . de gages : ils eurent

tous deux quelques profits de Castors :

Sur la fin du moys 11 y eut de grandes

pl ein tes des Hurons qui h iuern o ien t a Sillery

auec les Al gonq. scauo ir entr’

autres choses

que ils auo ien t plusieurs fois monté par la

fenestre du logis de Gado i s , auo ient pris du

cochon salé dedans ; qu’

i l s auo ien t battu ledit

gadoi s qui auo i t despoui l l é quelques vus de

quelque mechant bout de Couuerture : l e

remede qu’on y apporta fut de les In timider

de la colere de m . l e Gonu . a son retour ,de les porter a quelque satisfaction .

Atironta sa femme son petit fil s ; Iaques

Acharo , Hurons , l ogeoien t a l’hospital ; nvf

leur fournissions vue partie des viures, ble

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1 642- 45 ] [ 0URNAL D E S P P . [ ES U/TE S

c aused us thereby a loss of more than tw o

thousand 500'

livr es .An order w a s given at the same time to

m onsieur du Chesne , 10 uncle of Charles l eM oyne , for 20 écus , which w e were givinghis nephew for four years ’ service renderedamong the Hurons . He was clothed and decen tl y supplied with linen , and w a s sent to 3r ivers as soldier and Interpreter .

Nicolas Gi ff a r — who also , in th e capacity ofa Lad , had served us 4 year s among the H urons — had a decent coat and another of linent o keep it clean ; sufficient body linen ; and

50 livres , for which we were in debt to him .

He made a bargain with Master Z acharie

carpenter , to be with him 5 years . in con sid

c ration of 40 livres in wages . They bothhad som e profits from Beavers .Toward the end of the month , there w ere

g reat complaints of the Hurons who winter eda t Sillery with the Algonqua in s ,— to w i t ,

among other things , that they had severaltimes climbed through the window of the Gadois dwelling , and had taken some of the saltpork therein ; that they had beaten the said

gado i s ,1 1 who had stripped certain ones of some

wr etched scrap of Covering . The remedy applied thereto was to Intimidate them with theanger of monsieur the Governor at his return ,a nd to induce them to make some satisfaction .

Ati ron ta ,his wife , his grandson , and Jaques

Ach a ro ,Hurons

,were lodging at the hospi

tal ; we furnished them a part of their provi~

s ions — wheat and E els ; they supplied their

Ch a r l es l e M ayne.

Ni col a s Gzfi'

a r .

Compl a i n t a bout the

H ur on s w i n ter ing

I t appea r s tha t thecry w a s w or se tha n

the hur t.

H ur on s w in ter i ng a t

the hospi ta l .

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r etour de m ’. l e

Gouuer n eur .

ur i'

age de N opce.

tim en tpr . n os P P

a M on tr ea l

ter z’

a ux empl ozezour L

hopi ta l .

LE S R ELA TION S D E S j E‘

S U /TE S [VOL. 27

Anguille ils fa i so ien t leurs bois : on se plei

gnit qu’

i l s y ten o ien t la place des malades .

l e 29 . retourna m on sf. l e Gouuern eur , on

tira trois coups du magasin a son a r r iuée .

Ce mesme Iour on aporta n ouuel l e de nou

uel l es frayeurs 8c apprehensions des Al gonq.

pour de n ouueaux massacres ; comm en co ien t a

penser que c ’

esto ien t en effedt Ann i eron on s .

l e 30 . fut arresté qu ’on n’

a l lum ero i t plvf

qu '

yu Cierge dans n os Chapelles pendant la

Messe , aumoins l es Iours ouur iers .

Sur la fin dumoys d ’oet . l e p . l e Ieun e l e

p . buteux s’en retournant de Quebek pr. les

3 . r iu. Montreal : m a r i eren t en chemin vn

nommé Nopce auec la fil l e d’

vn nommé Picar

qui esto ien t pour lors chez moust . de Ch auignypuis dem eureren t chez M ousf . de la pote

rie : m ousf . de Ch auigny se ressentit de cc

changemt. s ’en pren o i t au p . l e Ieun e, mais

i l parut depuis que M ousr . de Ch auign y auo i t

tort de se pl ei ndre du p . l e Ienne .

Lors que i ’a rr iué a montreal on auo i t pre

paré vn logis de charpente pour n o s PP . 8c

11 sem bl o it qu ’il n ’

y eut plvf qu' a l e len er ;

comme on en esto i t sur l e po i n ct , l es vaisseaux

arr iuer en t , qui apor teren t n ouuel le 8L ordre de

france a ceux qui com m ando ien t a Montreal,

d’

em pl oyer tous les ouur iers a autr e chose

scauo i r a dresser vn hospital pr. lequel on

auo i t touché de grands deniers des les années

precedentes 8c cependant i l n’

y auo i t rien de

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1642- 45 ] [ 0UR NAL D E S P P . [ ES U /TE S

w ood . Complaint was made that they tookthe place of th e sick there .

On the 29th , monsieur the Governor re

t urned ; three shots were fired from the warehouse , a t his arr ival .This same Day , w or d was brought of newterrors and apprehensions , on the part of theAlgonquins , concerning fr esh massacr es ; theywere beginning to think that these Slayerswere indeed An n i eron on s .

On th e 3oth , i t was decided that no morethan one Candle should be lighted in our Chap

el s during Mass ,— a t least , on working Days .Toward the end of the month of October ,father l e Jeune and father buteux , w hile r e

turn ing from Quebek to 3 rivers and Montreal , married by the way a certain N opce and

th e daughter of one Picar , 12 who w ere at thattime with monsieur de Chavigny ; after this ,they lived w ith Monsieur de la poterie . Monsieur de Chavigny resented this change , andblamed father l e Jeune for it ; but i t appeared

afterw ard that Monsieur de Chavigny w a s

wrong in complaining of father l e Jeune .

When I arrived at montreal , they had prepared a timber dwelling for our Fathers , andit seemed that there was nothing more to be

done than to raise i t ; but , when they were on

the point of doing so , the vessels arrived ,bringing word and order s from france to thosewho commanded at Montr eal , to employ all

the workmen for other things ,— namely , in

e recting a hospital , for which large funds had

b een received in the preceding years ; and yet

R etur n of m on si eur

the Gover n or .

Ca ndl es in theChur ch .

M a r r i age of N opce.

B ui lding f or our

Fa ther s a tM on tr ea l .

M a ter i a l s usedf orthe H ospi ta l .

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t’r rn ier s des 3 .

r iuz'

er es

re de l a Con z'

on ,

l egouuer n eur .

LE S R ELA TION S D E S [ ES U I TES [VOL 27'

commencé : M ons“

. de m a isonneuue qui esto i t

pr. lors a Montreal , auo i t de la peine de dire

cette n ouuel l e a nos PP . ie me chargé de l e '

faire de leur faire trouuer bon : depuis on

me ietta l e chat aux iambes , comme si c’

esto i t

moy qui l’anois em pesché.

Aux 3 . riu . 11 y auo i t deux fermiers tenant.

nos terr es per moduVn ivf ils n ’

y vaquo ien t

qu ’a demy , traua i l l an t ailleurs pour eux : on

mit en del iberaon si on reprendro i t les terrespf

. les gouuern eur , i l fut dit qu’

ouy : les

fermier s y condescendirent volontiers ,dans l ’Im pui ssan ce de trouuer des hommespf

. nvf, coe on voulut les porter a les re

prendr e , ils n’

y voulur ent point entendre ;on fut donc contraint de faire les terr es n vf

mesme .

Arr iuan t icy on don n o i t la COn i on . 3.

M r. l e Gouuern eur puis on s

'

en a l l o i t com

mencer pa r on 11 fa l l o i t : n e m’

estan t pas fait

Instruire la dessus la 1 9 . fois i e n e commencé

pas par M la Gouuer n r. ayant esté aduerti de

la coustum e i e commencé par luy la fois ;mais luy mesme m ’ayant dit qu ’il en esto i t

choqué , i e fis depuis cOe la fois, a in sy i l

cOn ie l e dernier de la 1 9 . tablée a son rangselon la place ofi i l se met .

NOU EM BR E

11 y eut grande messe l e Iour de la T ouss

le Iour des morts .

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1 642- 45 ] [ 0URNAL D E S PP . [ ES U I TES

no beginning had been made . M onsieur de

m a ison neuve, who w a s then at Montreal , foundit hard to tell this new s to our Fathers ; Itook it upon myself to do so

,and to persuade

them to regard the matter favorably ; after

ward , they flung the cat at my legs , as if Iwere the one who had hinder ed that work .

At 3 rivers , there were two farmer s holding our lands per m odum Un ius; they only halfattended to the land , working elsewhere for

themselves . We deliberated whether weshould take back the lands , in order to man

age them , and it was decided to do so . Thefarmers willingly agr eed ; and when , in Viewof our Inability to find men for our selves , wesought to incline them to ta ke back th e land ,they would not listen to it ; we were thenconstrained to cultivate the lands ourselves .

When I arri ved here , Communion wasgi ven I st to Monsieur the Governor , and thenthey proceeded in the proper order . Nothaving Informed myself in the matter the

I st time , I did not begin with Monsieur theGovernor . Having been apprised of the cus

tom,I began with him , the 2nd time ; but he

himself havi ng told me that he w a s therebyoffended , I did afterward the same a s the I sttime

,and thus he receives communion the last

at the w t round, in his turn , according to the

place which he himself takes .

NOVEMBER .

There was high mass on All Saints ’ Dayand on all souls ’ Day .

Fa rmer s a t 3

r iver s.

Order of Commun ia if or thegover n or .

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Accorda z'

l l es

pel l epr esteepr

vn a n

M a r i age

Yonn e’

a m ad"8

esen s a cceptes ,nuz

'

sen t

LE S R ELA TION S D E S j ES U l TE S [VOL. 27

Le 4 . nvf fusm es Inui tés l e p . Vim on moy

d’

a ssi ster auContract de mariage de la fi l l e de

Moust . Gi ffa r , nvf y a ssi sta sm es mais nous n '

y

sign a sm es point . M . l e goun . plusieurs

autres si gn eren t .

l e 6 . M on sf. Ni co l et remporta de rechef vue

Chapelle garnie de tout a l ’IS l e aux oyes , 11 y

auo it calice d ’argent doré , chasuble de damas

blanc &c . on luy donna deux pains de bougie ,

3 . Images grandes en papier : on luy presta

deux liures , la vie de I . X . l’

abregé de

dupont .

l e 7 . se maria M . de launay auec la fil l e de

pinguet ; le p . Vim on assista aux n opces .

l e 1 2 . on donne a Mad . gi ffar de l’

estoffe

noire de vieille sotan ne pr

. doubler des

manches .

Ce mesme Iour arr i ua Pierre Gontier des 3 .

riu . que robert hache estoi t allé querir dans

vn Canot pf . faire icy la cuisine,a la place de

nos ff qui y auo ien t trop de peine : on enuoya

pour soulager nos PP . a sa place mathieu

Ch ourel qui dem euro i t icy .

l e p . de Quen sup . a Sillery se tr ouua en

peine pour auo i r pris quelques Castors d’

vn e

vieille de sa parenté , qui le pren o i en t a la

place d’

vu de leur parens tué ; tous les Iours

ces n ouueaux parens l ’a ccabl o ien t de deman

des comme celuy qui .leur deuo i t faire tout ce

que l e defunct leur fa i so i t , i l les fallut n our i r

loger &c pendant l ’hyuer .

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LE S RELA TIONS D E S [ ES U J TE S [VOL 27

’r. l a tr a i te des Le 1 5 . de nou . l e bruit estan t qu ’on s

enGan g”

a l l o i t icy publier la defense qui auo i t esté

publiée aux 3 . riu . que pas vn n’eut a traiter

auec les sauuages : l e p . Vim on demanda a

M ousf . des Ch a stel ets Commis geal si nvf

serions de pire condition soubs eux que soubs

Messieur s de la la Conclusion fut

que non , que cela i ro i t pf . nvf a l ’ordi n a i re

mais que n vf l e fissi on s doucem t. l e p . Vimont

luy adi ousta qu ’on en don n ero i t adui s au p .

buteux,M . des Ch a stel ets l e tronna bon .

Ce mesme Iour com m en ceren t les neiges a

demeure i l auo i t pui ssam en t neigé l e Iour de

Vrsul e l e 2 1 . d’

oct . mais cela n e dura pas .

M a r i age l e 2 1 . se fit l e mariage les n opces de

Marie Gi ffar du fil s de M ousf . de Maure , of).

l e p . Vim on assista .

tones don néespa r Enui ron ce temps furent données par nousm s l

'

kosfi m l ‘ de belles reliques a l’hospital , elles n’

esto ien t

point en ch a ssées depuis plusieurs années

esto i en t sans vén eraon reliquaire , l es

h o spi ta l i eres auo ien t des reliquair es,sans

reliques .

onfi rma'

on de l a En ce temps aussy se sauua des En n em ys“fl u” depa z

'

x .

An n i eron on s vn Ienne Algon qua i n vn peu

apres vn Huron qui y esto ien t captifs i l s rapor

to ien t que l es An n ier n'

auo ien t aucune bonne

volonté pr

. l es Algonqua in s : on dit , que l e

Ienne Algonq. denaut que partir se voyant seul

dans la Cabane amassa tout ce qu ’il y auo i t

surtout les peans brusl a tout ; ils con fir

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1642- 45 ] [ 0URNAL D E S P P . [ ES U J TE S

tom ed to do ; they had to be fed , lodged , etcduring the winter .

The 1 sth of November , the rumor prevailing that the prohibition was about to bepublished here which had been published at 3rivers, to the eff ect that no one was to tradewith the savages

,— father Vim on asked Mon

sieur des Ch a stel ets, general Manager , w h eth

er we would be i n worse condition under themthan under Messieurs of the Company . TheConclusion was that we would not be , andthat this matter would proceed for us a s usual ,but that we should carry it on quietly ; fatherVimont added that we would notify fatherbuteux , and Monsieur des Ch a stel ets approvedthis . 14

This same Day , the lasting snow s began : ithad snowed heavily on the Day of St . Ursule,the 2 1 st of October , but that did not remain .

On the 2mt occurred the marriage and thenuptials of Marie Gifi a r and the son of M on

sieur de Maure , 15 at which father Vim on waspresent .About this time , some excellent relics weregi ven by us to the hospital ; they were notenshrined

,and fo r several year s had been

without veneration and reliquary ; and the

hospital nuns had reliquaries , w ithout relics .

At this time also , a Young Al gonqua in

escaped from the An n i er on on Enemies , and alittle later a Huron , who w ere captives there ;they reported that the An n ier had no goodwill for the Algonqua in s . It is said that the

Young Algon qua in ,before going aw ay , seeing

Concer n ing the

B ea ver tr ade.

Snow s.

M a r r i age.

Rel ics g iven by us’

to

the hospi ta l .

Confi rm a tion of thebr ea ch of pea ce.

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Zscz'

pl i nespa r l esA [gonguz

ns.

Tha ngern ent de

che a l a pa r oi sse.

r z‘

agede Guyon

'

n Ch i r urg ien a

Si l l ery

(ber na c l epr este

uhl es de sa cr i’

sti'

e

vendus

LES RELA TIONS D E S [ ES UI TES [VOL 27

m o ien t que c’

esto ien t l es Ann ieron ons qui

auo ient ou fait ou fait faire le massacre du

moys passé .

Les Algonq . de Sillery font de rudes disci

pl inespf

. s’

estre enyurés plusieurs fois : mais

se pl eignen t fort ferme que les francois

s’

enyurent son t vilains 8c qu 'on n’

en dit

mot .

Le 2 5 . fut mise a la paroisse vue plus grosse

cloche au lieu de la petite qui y estoit .

Le 2 7. Mariage de la fil l e de M on sr . Co ii i l

lar auec Le fil s de Iean Guion : l e p . Vimont

assista aux n opces, i l y eut deux violons pf .

1a fois .

Vn nommé dubok soldat Em pyr ique fut inui

té d 'aller voir les malades de Sillery pour 3on 4 . Iours : I l fut logé chez nvf sans en

rien communiquer au Superieur hoc

male ; y demeura depuis l e ou enui

ron de n ouembr e iusques au 22 . de Ianuier

la chose n e r eussit pas ; Inui sus barbari s et

gallis .

Ce moys icy auCommen cem t. on presta l e

Tabernacle de n 6e dame des Anges aux Vrsulines , excepté les Anges qui furent prestes a

la paroisse pr . ornem‘. de leur Autel .

On vendit aussy ce moys icy a la paroisse

pour pres de 40011. de meubles ou ornem ens

d’Eglise dont ils se seruo ient , la separation

de meubles fut faite , 8c les Catalogues dres

sés .

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LE S R ELA TIONS D E S jES U l TE S [Von 27

M 8 5 “ “M al en a"” 1a messe , qui se deuo i t dire du St. E sprit ade l

hospita l . l hosp i tal pr . m esmeurs de la Comp” . gene

ralle, l e dernier Iour de ce moys , fut remise

au lendemain qui esto i t l e Vendredy .

Don s aux sa un ages . On donna plusieurs choses aux saunages Al

gonq. ce moys icy par les mains dup . Vimont ,

en tr’

autres deux ba r iques de pois ; quelques

estoffes , &c . ces saunages esto ien t Noel

Iean bapt . coe ie croy . outre cela on n e rece

uo i t rien du reuenu de Sillery , cependant

on y fa i so i t vme depen ce de pres de mille

esens ; on nourr i sso i t aussy 3 . on 4 . hurons a

l ’hospital , scauo i r Ati ron ta sa femme , son fil s ,8c Iaques Ach a ro ,

def en se de tr a i ter l e 26 . du moys fut a ffichée la defence de

traiter aucune pelleterie mais de porter au

magazin l e tout qui l e fero i t valoir aux por

teurs . cette defen se longtemps aupa rauan t

auo i t esté faite aux 3 . r iui eres .

0” “WWW" ”m “ Cette année on comm enca a vendre l e boisdr e l e boi s.

cel uy qui l e fourn 1s3 01t par les mai sons en

auo i t 30 . s . de la corde s’

i l l e pren o i t sur l es

terres d’

autruy , mais de celuy qu’il pren o i t sur

ses terres , i l en auo i t 211 . c’

esto i t donc dix sols

la corde .

f “Wi l l a ” dé’ 5 0219 On nvf fournit du bois a l ' ordin a i re l e pl vf

sonn ent deux tra in es par Iour .

Va l eur dupa z'

n Le pain va l o i t au magazin en cc temps 1 5sols

a ssem bl ées du Ven Les vendredys vn e demy heure deuan t ladr edy 'defird m m ut’

Co laon nvf nvf assemblions pour lire quelque

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1642—45 ] j OUR NAL D E S P P . jES U I TES

used there ; also the classification of the furn i ture w as made , and the Lists were drawn up .

The mass of the Holy Ghost , which was tobe said at the hospital for messieurs of the

general Company , on the last Day of thismonth , was postponed till the next day , whichwas Friday .

Sundry things were given to theAl gonqua insavages this month by the hand of father Vimont , — among others , two kegs of peas , somestuffs , etc . ; these savages were , I believe ,Noel and Jean baptiste . Besides that, wereceived nothing in the way of revenue fromSillery , and yet we incurred an expense thereof nearly a thousand écus ; we also fed 3 or

4 hurons at the hospital ,— to wit , Ati ron ta ,

his wife , his son , and Jaques Ach aro .

On the 26th of the month was posted the

o rder not to trade any peltry , but to carryeverything to the warehouse , which wouldpay the bearers its value ; this prohibition had

been made long before at 3 rivers .

This year they began to sell wood ; and theman who furnished i t through the houses had

30 sols a cord for it, if he took it from thelands of others ; but , for that which he tookfrom h i s own lands , he had 2 livr es , —which

is,therefore , ten sols a cord [more] .

They furnish us w i th wood as usual : mostfrequently

,two sledges a Day .

Bread,at this time , was worth 1 5 sols at

the warehouse .

On Fridays , a half-hour before Supper , weassembled to read something about our

An n iver sa ry M a ss

a t the hospi ta l .

Gifts to the savages.

P r oh ibi ti on of tr ade.

Supfily of w ood.

Va lue of br ead.

Fr iday assembl ies ofour I nsti tute.

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Xauz’er

sul z'

n es n 'y/enuoy

en t a dim er .

LE S RELA TIONS D E S jES U I TE S [Von 27

chose de nostre Institut , ou qui y eut du ra

port ; n y i l e faisions tous les Vendredys dans

la vene qu’

apres pasque i l sero i t di ffic i l e de l e

faire pour l es diuerses absences voyages

nvf com m engasm es par la lecture du 39 . traité

de rodr iguez de la Compe. on l’

In terrom

poit de fois a autr e pour lire l e sommaire

autres choses quon lit tous l es moys chez nvf ;

nvf y esti on s trois PP trois ff vn de n os

Domestiques .

DECEMBR E 164 5 .

l e ref . ceux de la forge vinrent demander l e

Vin de la St . E loy . ils esto ien t quatre , on

leur donna quatre chapelets , aumaistre vme

bouteille de vin .

l o 2nd a la messe St . fr . x aui er , on dit vn e

grande messe , ofi nos ff serui ren t en surplis ;on intima l e Dimanche aupa rauant les Indul

gen ces 8c M on sr . l e Gouuerneur fit sonner l e

matin au po in ct du Iour la Diane , tirer vn

coup de canon ; i l n’

y eut autre Cerem on ie ce

Iour - la : on y ren ouuel a a la maison l e veu de

la Conception a cet effect on fut dire

denaut l e S . Sa crem t. l es litanies aux Vr su

lines la veuille .

l e les Vrsul in es enuoyeren t a di sn er a la

maison ; mais vn festin accompli : c’

esto i t l e

Dim . de l ’Aduen t que l ei

P . Dendem are

comm enca a y presch er moy aux Hospi

ta l ieres.

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apel l e a beaupor t1 66

pa in f a i t a l am a ison

ia r de l a Con ception .

LE S RELA T10N S D E S j ES U J TE S [VOL. 27

le on enuoya vn e Chapelle complete a

beauport dont l e calice esto i t d ' estain , i l fut

rompu,on l e refit 8c recon sa cra .

Enui ron ce temps on comm enca a faire l e

pain a la maison tant a cause que celuy qu'

on

nvf fa i so i t au four du magazin n ’

esto i t pas

bon ; que parce qu’on se voul o i t serui r du blé

dupays dont on n e seruo it poin t aumagazin .

l e 8 . Iour de la Conception l e matin au point

du Iour on tira vn coup de Canon , a

l’

E l euaon de la grande Messe trois autres : ie

publié l e Dimanche d’

aupa rauan t Indulgence

pl en iere, en vertu de la bulle de Paul . qui

é est] aux Hurons par laquelle Indulgence

pl en iere é accordée a toutes nos Eglises l e

Iour du Patron ou Titulaire de l ’Egl i se . Ay

ant Ieusn é la veuille , on n e fit point absti

n en ce l e Iour , qui esto i t vendredy .

l e 7 . premier Iendy de l ’Aduen t oommen

ceren t les saluts du St . Sacrement auec quatre

cierges ; l e salut consiste aux vespres du Iour ,du St . Sacrement a commencer par l e pange

Lingua . 85 y adi oustan t quelques oraisons con

uen abl es aux necessites du temps . Cette de

uoon succeda aux Litanies de noe Dam e qu ’on

di so i t tous les Iours a l’

i ssue des messes ,qui dura iusques aux Aduen ts ; on retint

toutesfo is l es Litanies de noe Dame tous l es

sam edys a l’

Issue des messes , dont i l y en auo it

vme principale qui deuo i t estre tousi ours de

Beata autant qu’

il se pouro i t , ou auec comme

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Dim a n ches de l ’Ad

LE S RELA TION S D E S j ES U J TE S [Von 27

m oraon s’il n e se pouuo i t, au lieu de Congre

gaon ou Confrerie du R osaire .

Le 9. on fut en doute si a cause des oc'

taues“M t dam 1“ “mu“ de St. fr . Xauier de la Conception i l fa l l o i t

I l est m ieux de ne

poin tf a z'

r e de Com

m em . a D esfir es 67°

de se con ten ter de

di r e a‘

l a fi n l e Ta n

tuerg o sa cr am en tu

pr. sa lut a uec l

ar a i

son da S f . Sa cr em f.

87° 1’

or a i son D e'D/r ef ug z

'

unrum

(5° vi r tus (Se c .

aux Dimanches de l ’Aduen t mettre duViolet

dire gloria. , i l Se trouua que selon l es rubri

ques, i l fa l l o i t duViolet n e point dire gloria .

Le I 7 . Comm enca l e Iubi l é accordé par In

nocent . X . on n e fit point icy de Procession ,

mais l e matin de ce Dimanche qui esto i t l e

de l ’Aduen t apres l 'eau ben i ste faite iettée,

on comm enga on Ven i Cr ea tor : pendant lequel

l e S . Sacrement fut exposé , en suite on dit

la grande messe du Dimanche auec parem en s

violets sans Gloria , auec Com m em oraon

du St . Sacrement : pendant l e Veni creator

lors qu ’on ex poso i t l e S . Sacrement on tira

trois Coups de Canon ; les 3 . stations esto ien t

la paroisse de Quebek , les H ospi ta l i eres l es

Vrsul i n es : les Vespres furent dites par l es

prestres debout nue teste , tout l e peuple

en ayant esté aduerti auparauan t se tint debout

ou a genoux , M on sf . l e Gouuern eur se tint

debout ; l e tout suiuan t l’

adui s donné l e

Dimanche d’

auparauan t de l’

h on n eur ex tra or

din a i re qu ’il fa l l o i t rendre au St . Sa crem t. lors

qu ’il e exposé con form em en t au Ceremonial

des Euesques chez Gauan tus : au comm en

cem t. de Vespres, i l n

y eut que deux cierges

allumés , au M agn ificat on en alluma 6 .

autres pour l e salut qui se fit en suite de Ves

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1642- 45 ] /0URNAL D E S PP . j ES U/TE S

with comm emoration,instead of the Congre

ga ti on or Brotherhood of the R osary .

On the oth , we were in doubt whether , because o f the octaves of St . francois Xavier and

of the Conception , it was required to wearViolet and say the gl or z

'

a on the Sundays in

Advent ; and it w a s found that,according to

the rubrics , Violet was required and not the

On the 1 7th , Began the Jubilee granted byInnocent X . We made no Procession here

,

but on the morning of that Sunday,— which

was the 3rd in Advent , —after the holy water

had been blessed and sprinkled,we began a

Ven i Crea tor , during which the Blessed Sacra

ment was exposed ; and then we said the

Sunday high mass , with violet vestments

and without the Glor ia , with Commemorationof the Blessed Sacrament . Dur ing the Ven ic r ea tor , while the Blessed Sacrament was

being exposed , three Cannon Shots were firedthe 3 stations were the parish church of Quebek , the Hospital , and the Ursuline Convent .Vespers were chanted by the priests , standingand bareheaded ; and all the people , having

been pr eviously notified thereof , stood or

knelt , Monsieur the Governor standing ,— all

conforming to th e notice given the Sunday

befor e , concerning the extraordinary honorwhich must be rendered to the Blessed Sacra

ment when it is exposed , conformably to the

Ceremonial of the Bishops in Gavan tus .

19 At

the beginning of Vespers , there were only twocandles lighted , and at the M agn ifica t 6 others

Sunday s i n Adven t

w i th i n the octaves .

I t i s better not to

m a he a Comm em or a

tion a i vesfier s , a ndto stop w i th say i nga t the c l ose

,the T an

tum ergo sa cram en

tum f or ben edi ction ,

w i th thefir ayer of theB l essed S a cr am en t

a nd the pr ay er Deusrefugium nostrum et

vir tus, etc .

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1 10 LE S R ELA TION S D E S j ES U I TES [Von 27

pres par vn e comm em oraon du S t . Sacrement

O sa cr fi Conuiuifi auec l’

or a i son ; apres la

quelle on dit l ’Alm a redem ptor is &c . apres

quoy on donna la benediction au peuple auec

l e S . Sacrement , on y fit vn e faute de n e

point chanter pour lors Tantuergo Sa cr am en

tupendant lequel se deuo ien t faire les en cen

semens sans dire l ’ora i son : on fin i t par vn

l auda te, l e sermon se fit apres . l e S “. Sacre

ment n e fut exposé que les Dimanches

festes de la quinzaine , les Iours ouur i ers i l n e

l’

esto i t pa s . Les Vrsul i n es en tr’

autr es firen t

de belles aum o sn es d’

E stoffe aux pauures

francois sauuages . pour nvf nos Aum osn es

principales furent de 7 . pains , ch aqu’

vn de la

valeur de 1 5 . sols pour autant de per sonnes

que nvf esti on s a cette maison de Quebek .

cela toutesfo i s fut changé en estoffes souliers

linge dont les pauures gens auo i en t pl vf

de besoin . Monsr le Gouuern eur aussy fit de

belles aum o sn es , 1 de deux pistoles a donner

sur l e champ dont vn e pour les panures fran

gois fut changée en estoffe,l’autre fut laissée

a la di sposion du p . deque pr. les pauures

saunages de Sillery . i l donna charge a

M on sr

. des Ch a stel ets de donner ce que nvfluy demanderions pf . les panur es iusques a laconcurrence de 20011 .

les saluts se fa i so i en t aux religions a quatre

heur es l’

vn e apres l’autre Indi fferem m en t se

lon la commodité du Super ieur qui presch o i t

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emon ies suppl ées

Commun i onCa ter i nef emm e

d’Ati r on ta .

emon ies a l a f este

LE S R ELA TION S D E S j ES U l TE S [Von 27

a l ’vne des deux ensuite n ’en par to i t bien

qu’

apres l e salut puis a l l o i t a l’autre ,M on s

f. l s Gouuerneur le monde suiuo i t .

l e 2 3 . de Dec . furent supplées les Cere

monies de baptesm e a Ca ter in e femme d'

Ati

ronta,a son fil s mathieu aagede deux ans ;

cc fut dans la chapelle de Quebek i l s se tin

rent dans le banq de M on sr

. l e gouuern eur

au commencement furent par la Introduits

a l ’Egl i se . M ousr . T ronquet secretaire de

m on sr . l e Gouuerneur fut le parain du petit ,Madame de la ferte n ouuel l e mariée fil l e

de m on sr . G i ffar fut la m a ra in e de Ca ter in e ,

qui fit sa I r°. Corh on a Minuit .

l e i °r . coup de la messe de minuit sonna a

vn se heures , l e vn peu denaut la dem ye

pr. lors on comm enga a chanter deux airs , Ve

nez mon Dieu &c Chantons noe &c . Mons”.

de la fertefa i so i t la basse St. martin Io ii o i t du

violon , i l y auo i t encores vne fiuste d’

a l em agn e

que me se trouue pas d’accord quand se vint a

l’

Egl i se : nvf eusm es fait vn peu deuan tminuit ;on ne laissa pa s de chanter l e Te Deu, vn

peu apres on tira vn coup de canon pr . Signal

de minuit ou c om m enca la messe ; l e pain be

nist se fit lors que l e prestre alla pr

. ouur i r son

liure . Ce fut l e i °r . depuis plusieurs années

qu’il auo i t este’

i n term i s pf . les prefer encesen la di str i bfion que ch aqu

vn pretendo i t .

Le ren ouuel em en t s ’en fit par la deudon desta i l l adiers qui eurent deuoon de l o faire a la

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1642—45 ] /0U R NAL D ES P P . j ES U l TE S

then w ithdrew only after the benediction , andthen went to the other ; and Monsieur theGovernor and the people followed .

On the 2 3rd of December , the Ceremonies Cer em on i es com

o f baptism were completed upon Ca ter in e , Pi eted, a nd I st Cow

wife of Ati ron ta , and on her son mathieu ,aged two years ; this took place in the chapelat Quebek ; they sa t in Monsieur the governor

'

s pew , at the start , and wer e thereby Introduced to th e Church . Monsieur T ronquet ,secretary to monsieur the Governor ,

was

godfather to the little one ; and Madame dela ferte, th e new ly-married daughter of

monsieur Gi if a r , 15 was godmother to Ca ter i n e,

w h o received her I st Communion at Midnight .The 1 st stroke of the midnight mass rang

a t eleven o ' clock , the 2nd, a little before thehalf-hour ; and then they began to sing twoair s Venez , m on D ieu, etc . ,

and Cha n tons noe,

etc . Monsieur de la ferte sang the bass ; St .martin 20 Played the violin ; there was also agerman flute , which proved to be out of tune

when they came to the Church . We had fin

i sh ed a little before midnight ; they n ever th e

less sang the Te B ea m , and a little later a can

non shot w a s fired a s the Signal of midnight ,when mass began ; the br ead was blessedwhen the priest went to open his book . Thisw a s the I st bread blessed for several year s ,during which it had been stopped , on accountof the precedence in i ts distribution , whichevery one claimed . The renew al of the cus

tom was caused by the devotion of th e toolmakers , whose devotion urged them to have

m un z’

on of Ca ter ine,w ife of A ti r on ta .

Cer em on ies a t the

f ea st of Chr i stm a s .

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Da nger duf eu.

LE S R ELA TION S D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL 27

messe de minuit ; les esprits se trouueren t

disposés a remettre cette coustum e ; M on sr. le

Gouuern eur eut l e chanteau pr l e faire l e Di

manche d ’apres : ce que l ’on fit pr . obuier aux

brouilleries des preferences pretendues fut

d’

ordon n er qu ' en ayant donné auprestre au

Gouuerneur , on don nero i t a tout l e r este

comme i l viendro i t se trouuero i t a l ’Egl i se,

com m engan t tan tost par en haut , tan tost

par en bas .

M onsr. l o Gouuern eur auo i t donné ordre de

tirer a l ’El euaon plusieur s coups de Canon

lors que fire f . l e sacristain en don n ero i t l e

Signal , mais i l s’en oublia , a i n sy on n e tira

point : l e monde Communia a la fin de la

grande messe , apres laquelle s’en dit vue

basse .

11 y auo i t quatre ch andel es dans l ’Egl i se

dans des petits chandelier s de fer en facon de

Gon col e cela suffit . 11 y auo i t en outr e

deux grandes ch audi eres fournies dumagazin

pleines de feu pour esch aufer la chapelle ;elles furent allumées aupa rauan t sur l e pont ,on auo it donné ordr e de les oster apres la

messe , mais cela ayant esté negligé l e feu prit

la nuit au plancher qui esto i t au dessoubs de

l’

vn e des ch audieres dans laquelle i l n ’

y auo i t

pas au fond assez de cendre,mais par bon

heur dirigente Dno l e feu n e parut que sur

les 5 . h . du matin au dessus de fi re sale ou

refecto i re cuisine dans laquelle esto i t pierre

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n va a beaupor t

zuuages g agnen t

l e Iubi l t .

tj erme l e Iubi l e’

.

LE S R ELA TION S D ES j E‘

S U I TE S [Von 27

gontier fire Cuisinier qui s’

aperceuan t de cela

monta aussy tost sans autre bruit esteign it

l e feu .

on dit la grande messe du Iour sur les 8 .

heures, deuan t apres deux prestres dirent

leur trois messes .

a vespres on chanta quelques pscaum es en

faux-bourdon .

Le P . Vimont apres auo i r assisté au Salut

des H ospita l i eres s’en alla a beauport pf . ceux

qui n ’

auo ien t pu venir icy ; i l y fut 3 . Iours .

Le 26 . Iour de St. E stienne La bourgade de

Sillery vint icy en procession faire ses stationspf

. gangner l e Iubiledeux de nos hommes por

to ien t la baniere la croix , les PP . de Quen

dreui l l etes vinrent auec eux en Surplis

dom in au,en tre

eux deux toute 1a troupe des

saunages Xstien s au nombre de plus d’

vn e

centaine . ils vinrent a Ieun en vn temps

grandement froid , s’

en retourn eren t sans

manger . on leur fit festin au retour a Sillery

de la part de M on sr . l e Gouuern eur : i l s

chan teren t par tout fort m el odi eusem en t ,

dir ent vn e dizaine de leur chapelet .

Le dernier Iour de l ’an se firm a l e Iubile;nvf pen sa sm es faire procession

,mais l e temps

d’

hyuer n’est nul l em t

. commode pour cela .

on se contenta donc de faire l e salut a l ’ordi

naire a l’

i ssue de vespres , on tira trois coups

de Canon lors qu’on donna la benediction auecl e S . Sacrement , on alla aux maisons

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1642—45 ] j OUR NAL D E S PP . j ES U/TE S

went up and , without other noise , put out thefire .

High mass for th e Day was said at 8 o ’clock ,and , before and afterward , two priests saidtheir three masses .At vespers , some psalms were chan ted in

f our -bourdon .

Father Vimont , after being present at theBenediction at the Hospital Nuns ’

,went away

to beauport , for those who had not been ableto come here ; he was there 3 Days .On the 26th , Day of St . Stephen , Thevillage of Sillery came here in a procession tomake its stations in order to gain the Jubilee ;two of our men bore th e banner and the cross ;Father s de Quen and dreui l l etes came withthem , in Surplices and dominoes , and betweenthem the whole troop of Christian savages tothe number of more than a hundred . Theycame Fasting , at an extremely cold season ,and returned without eating . A feast w a sgiven them on their return to Sillery , on the

part of Monsieur the Governor . They sangvery melodiously everywhere , and said a

decade of their rosaries .

On the last Day of the year , the Jubilee

was closed ; we thought of making a procession

,but the winter season is not at all con

ven ien t for that ; accordingly , we were content with giving the benediction as usual atthe end of vespers . Three Cannon shots wer efired when the benediction with the BlessedSacrament w a s given , and we went to the

religious houses to give the benedictions in

Tr ib to beaupor t.

S a vages g a in the

j ubi l ee.

j ubi l ee i s c l osed.

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icul te‘ sur l e fia inben i t.

fustice de deux

y ur ongn es.

a va a r ichel ieu

LE S R ELA TIONS D E S j ES U l TE S [Von 27

religieuses faire l e salut pareillement , fermer

l e Iubile, on n e tira point .

Le pain benit du Dimanche fut transporté

au lundy , i our de la Circoncision . M on sr. l e

Gouuerneur le donna ; i l y eut quelque pa ro l l e

en suite a qui on l e donn ero i t apres luy , i l

fut trouué plvf a propos de l e donner aux deux

m a rgui l l ers , M on sr

. Gi tfar M onsf . des Chas

telets,

puis commencer par l e haut de la

coste de gen euieue, comme par vn e ri i e ;

puis reuen i r par en bas , comme par vn e autre

rue , continuer de la sorte l e p . Vimont en

dressa vn Catalogue .

Deux de nos francois s’

estan t mis a boire ,

attendant la messe de minuit , s’

enyureren t

auec beaucoup de scandale de quelques fran

cois saunages qui l es virent , on presch a

fortement contre , a raison de ce que les

saunages di so ien t on nvf fait prendre 1a disci

pline , quand nvf nvf enyuron s on n e dit

rien aux francois . i l n ’en fa l l o i t pa s dauan

tage que cc qui en fut dit en public . M on sr .

l e gouuern eur les fit mettre sur l e ch eua l et

exposes a vn Nord est espouuan tabl e .

l e p . de n o ii e partit du 3 . riu . l e Dimanche

deuan t Noel pr . aller a richelieu leur faire

gangn er le Iubile, i l y demeura 1 2 . Iours ,

en rapor ta , qu’

il y auo i t quelque espece de

necessite qu’

on y r etourn a st pour em pesch er

bien du desordre de la brouillerie

Sur la fin de l'

annec , les Vrsul in es Hos

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LE S R ELA TION S D E S [ ES HI TES [Von 27

Con cession depr a i r ie pi ta l ieres me firen t voir vn escr it , par lequelaux r el igieuses

l ep. Vim on t l uym esm e r epa r a l etoutfiui s apr es;voyez cy apr es

oumoy s de

fui n .

sauuages Xsti en s

h iu. a S i l l ery .

l e p . Vim on t mon predecesseur leur avo it

donné cedé pour 6 . ans 6 . arpents de prez a

ch aqu’

vn e sur les meilleures prairi es que nvf

eussions : scauo i r depuis la r iuiere de la Ca

bane aux T opiers 1 2 . arpens en tirant vers

M on sf. Gi ffar l e don esto i t signé du moys

d’

Aur i l ou de May 164 5 . vn an presq. apres

qu’il auo i t recen les patentes de son succes

seur , qu’on a ttendo i t en ce temps-la : apres

auo i r veu les papiers , ie les rendis sans les

approuuer ou Im prouuer , n e Iugeant pas a pro

pos de r ien faire dauan tage ; au fond i’

y trou

uo i s deux choses a redire . l’

vne qu ’il eut fait

ce don pour 6 . ans se deuan t contenter au plvf

de l e fair e pour vn an ; l’autre qu’il leur eut

cede cela pour vn temps notable gratis sans

aucune charge coe d’

vu x°

. ou xx°. ou x x x °.

11 y auo i t a Sillery cette année enui ron 167 .

ames , tous Xstien s ou Ca tecum en es ; 98 . de

Com mun i an s , 47 . non capable de Confession,

14 . capable de la seule Confession, l e reste

passo i t pr. Catecumene

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1642—45 ] j OUB NAL DE S P P . jES U I TE S

which f a ther Vim ont, my predecessor , hadgiven and ceded to them

,for 6 years , 6 arpents

of grazing land to each convent , on the bestnatural meadows that we had

,— to wit , from

the river of the Cabin to th e T 0piers ,22

12

arpents , in the direction of Monsieur G i ffa r .

The grant w a s signed in the month of April orof May , 1 64 5 , almost a year after he had received the letter s patent of his successor , whow a s expected a t that time . After seeing thepapers , I returned them w ithout approvingor Disapprovi ng them ,

— not Judging it advi sable to do anything further . In reality , I

found two things to criticize therein , one ,that he had made this gift for 6 years , whereashe should have been content to make it for

one year , at the most ; the other , that he hadmade them such a concession for a considerable time , gratuitously , without any chargeas , for instance , a tenth , or tw entieth , or

thirtieth .

There wer e a t Sillery , this year , about 167souls

,all Christians or Catechumens ,— 98

Communicants , 47 not qualified for Goufes

sion, 14 qualified for Confession alone , the

rest were considered Catechumens .

Gr a n t of meadow

l a nd to the n un s .

Fa ther Vimon t h im

self r ecover ed the

w ho l e subsequen t/y ;

see her ein af terunder the m on th of

j un e.

Ch r i sti a n sa vages

w i n ter i ng a t Si l l ery .

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128 LE S RELA TIONS D E S j ES H l TE S [Von 27

Table des Chapitres contenus en ce Liure.

ELATION de cc qui s'

ejtpa/Se‘en la nouuel le

Fr a n ce, as a nnées 1644 . 1 64 5 . page

Chapitre I . D e l’

e/ta t gener a l de l a m ij i on .

Chap . I I . D e quelques bonnes a ttions , a de quelques

bons f en timens des Sauuages Chre/tiens .

Chap . III . Conti nua tion da m ef mej afet .

Chap . IV . Sui te du m efm ef ujet .

Chap . V . D e quelques a ti ions plus r em a rqua bles .

Chap . VI . D e l'

hyuer nem ent d’

vn Per e a uco l es

Chap . VI I . D e quelques f urpr if es f a i tes pa r les

H i r oguois .

Chap . VII I . D e quelques pr if onn ier s H i r oguo is .

Chap . IX . Tr a i te de l a P a i r entr e les Fr a ncois ,

H i r oquo is (of a utr es na tions .

Chap . X . Sui te da Tr a i tt de l a P a ix

Chap . XI . De l a der n iere af/emblee tenue'

pour la

Chap . XII . D e ce qui s’

efl pafsea M i/co

Lettre du P . H ieroj m eLa lem a nt, ef cr i te des H urons

a n R . P. P r ouinc ia l de l a Compagn ie de

I E S V S .

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1642- 45 ] R ELA TION OF 1 644—45

Table of the Chapters contained in th is Book.

ELATION of w ha t occur r ed in new Fr a nce,

i n theyea rs 1644 a nd 1 64 5 .

Chapter I . Of thegener a l sta te of the m ission .

Chap . I I . Of som e good a ctions a nd som e good

sen tim ents of the Chr isti a n Sa vages .

Chap . II I . Con t inua t ion of the sa m e subject .

Chap . IV . Con tinua tion of the sa m e subject .

Chap . V . Of some espec i a l ly r em a rha ble a ctions .

Chap . VI . Of the w in ter ing of a Fa ther am ong the

Chap . VI I . Of som e surpr ises by the H i r oguois .

Chap . VI I I . Of som e H i roguois pr isoners .

Chap . IX . Trea ty of Pea ce betw een the French ,

the H i r oquois , a nd other n a ti ons .

Chap . X . Con tinua tion of the Trea ty of Pea ce.

Chap . XI . Of the l a st m eeting hel df or the Pea ce.

Chap . XII . Of w ha t occur red a t M iseau.

Letter f r om Fa ther H ier osm e La lema nt , w r i tten

f r om the H ur on coun try to the R everend

Fa ther P r ovi nci a l of the Society of J E S U S

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130 LE S R ELA TION S D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL 27

Extraicft du Priuilege du Roy.

AR Grace Pr iui l ege du R oy , i l eft permis aS E B A S T I E N C R A M O I S Y Marchand LibraireIuré en l ’Vn iuerfité de Paris , Impr imeur

ordinaire du R oy , d'

im pr im er ou faire imprimer vn

Liure intitulé , R el a tion de cc qui s’

e/tpafSt en l a N ou

uel le Fr a nce i s a nne‘es m i l fix cens qua r a n te

-

qua tre

qua r a n te-c inq, enuoye

e au R . P . P r oui n c ia l de l a Compa

gn ie de I E S V S en l a P r oui nce de Fr a nce, pa r te P. B a r

thelemy Vim on t de l a m ef me Compagn ie, c? Super ieur de

la R efidence de Kebec ; ce pendant l e temps efpa ce

de fept années c on fecutiues , auec deffen fes a tousLibraires Imprimeurs d’

im pr im er ou faire im pr i

mer ledit Liure , fous pretexte de dégui fem en t ou

changement qu’

i l s y pourront faire , a peine de confifcation de l

am ende portée par ledit Pr iui l ege .

Donné a Paris l e vn z i ém e Decembre 1 64 5 .

Par l e R oy en fon Con fei l ,CRAMOISY .

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132 LE S R ELA TIONS D E S j ES U I TE S [Vo n 27

pagn i e de I E S V S en la Proui n ee de France

auon s accordé pour l'

aduen i r aufieur Seba i tien

Cram oi fy Marchand Libraire Imprimeur ordinaire

du R oy , l’

im preffion des R elations de la Nouuel l e

France. Fait a Paris l e 26 . Mars 163 8 .

E STIENNE B INET .

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1642- 45 ] RELA TION OP 1 644—45

Perm ission Provinc ia l .

E , E S T I E NN E B I N E T,Provincial of

Society of J E S U S in th e Province of France ,ha ve gr anted for the futur e to sieur Sebas

Cramoisy , Bookseller and Printer in ordinary toKing , th e printing of the R elations of New

France . Done at Par is , the 2'6th of March ,1 63 8 .

E STIENNE B INET .

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134 LE S R ELA TIONS D E S j ES U l TE S [Von 27

Relation de ce qui s’

eit pafié la Novvel le

France, es Annees 1644. 1645 .

ON R EVER END PER E ,

Voila n oftre R elation que i 'enuoye encore

cette Année a voftre R eueren ce . Le R . P .

H i erofm e La l l em an t n o itre Superieur eftan t arr iué fi

tard,qu ’il n o luy a pas efte poffibl e d

y va cquer : ie

croy que les n ouuel l es de cette Année donneront de

la con fo l a ti on a Vo ftre R eueren ce , a tous ceux quiprennent quelque part dans l es affaires de l ’eitabl i iIe

ment du R oyaume de Dieu en ces contrées ; i l plaira

a V . R . nous ayder [2 ] a en remercier la diui n eBonté , a obtenir les graces n eceffa i res pour nousrendre dignes de fes faneurs

De V. R .

D e Quebec, ce

1 . d’

Ot‘Zobre, 164 5 .

Tres-humble tres

obei iI an t ferui teur ,

en N . Seigneur,

BAR THELEMY VIMONT .

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1 36 LE S P ELA TIONS D E S jES U I TE S [VOL 27

CHAPITR E PR EMIER .

D E L'ESTAT GENERAL D E LA M ISS ION .

IEU fo i t beny dans l e temps dans l ’Etern i té,

l o fang refpandu pour I E S V s C H R I S T dans

les pays des Iroquois , me ileaneo l es prieres

les voeux de tant d 'ames fa i n étes , qui s’

in terefi'

en t

pour l ’am pl ifica ti on de fon R oyaume en ce n ouueau

Monde nous a enfin produit la Paix auec ces Bar

bares . Le P . Ifa a c Iogues 8c l e P . Francois Brefi an i

21 i on retour ont em bra ffé comme amis ceux qui [3]ont déchiré leur s corps

,ar rachés leurs ongles coup

pez leurs doigts , en vn mot ceux qui les ont traitez

en tygres , ce coup eft venu du Ciel , nous verrons

ta n to it com e 1a chofe s’eft pa ffée . Voila vn e grande

porte ouuerte aux Croix a l ’Euangi l e,dans plu

h eurs Nations fort peuplées pourueu qu’on y pui iI e

entretenir des ouur i ers Euangel iques . Pendant que

M on fieur l e Cheua l i er de M on tm agn i n o ftre Gouuer

neur tra itto i t cette Paix auec fa prudence ordinaire,

l e pays po ffedo i t vn autre bon -heur dont i l n ' a eu

con n o i ffan ce qu’a la venue des va ifieaux . M efli eurs

de la Compagnie de la Nouuel l e France voulant pro

curer 1a conuerfion des Sauuages , amplifier la Colo

nie Franco i fe, luy ont remis entre les mains l e tr aficde la Pel ter ie, que Sa M ajefté leur auo i t accordé

,

n’

i gn oran t pas que la force des Francois fera l’apuy

des n ouuel l es Egl i fes qu'on tai che d’

engendrer aI E svs - C H R I S T dans cette ex trem ité du Monde .

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1642 RELA TION OF 1 644 -45

CHAPTER FIR ST .

OF TH E GENER AL STATE OF TH E M ISSION .

OD be praised in time and in E ternity ; theblood shed for J E S U S C H R I S T in the country of the Iroquois— mingled w ith the pray

ers and vows of so many holy souls,who a re inter

ested in the spread of his Kingdom in the newWorld— has finally brought us Peace with those Barba ri an s . Father Isaa c Jogues and Father FrancoisBressan i , on their return , embraced as friends thosewho [3 ] had lacerated their bodies , torn out theirnails , and cut OE their fingers, in a word

,those who

had treated them as tiger s would . This event wasdue to Heaven ; we shall presently see how it cameto pass . This is a wide gateway opened for Crossesand to the Gospel in many very populous Nations ,provi ded we ca n maintain Evangelistic laborer s there .

While Monsieur the Chevalier de M on tm agn i , ourGovernor , was treating for this Peace with h i s usualprudence

,the country possessed another blessing,

which came to its knowledge only when the shipsarrived . The Gentlemen of the Company of New

France,wishing to procure the conversion of th e

Savages,and to increase the French Colony , returned

into His Majesty ’s hands the traffic in Furs that he

had granted them ,—being fully aware that the

strength of the French would be the support of thenew Churches that we endeavor to beget to J E S U s

C H R I S T at this extremity of the World . Now as

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138 LE S RELA TION S D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL . 27

Or comme cette Colonie eft en c or en fon Enfance ,M efli eurs de M on ftrea l zelepour la Conuer fi on de ces

peuples,ont auffi fait pa ro i itre l

'

ex cez de leur amour

de leur charité enuers la Colonie [4] Fra n co i fe . La

R eyne dont l es bon tez ne font point limitées par les

bornes de l ’Europe, s’eft nettement dec l arée la Mere

la Protectrice de fes fujets Francois Sauuages

de ces contr ées . Toutes ces benedictions font d’au

tant plus douces qu ’il y a d’

am ertum es dans vn pai‘

s

tout rem ply d’

h orreur de barbar ie , car i l faut auo i i er

que ces peuples font ex tr em em en t eflo ign ez de la

c ourto ifie Franco i fe , qu’il faut des Heros , des

Hercules , des Geans pour combattr e des M on ftres ,

des Hydr es , des Demons . Les Sauuages qui fe

trouuen t ordinairement dans toutes nos habitations ,depuis T adoufa c iufques a M on ftrea l , ont efté culti

uez auec vn grand foin , auec beaucoup de peines

en diuer s endroits . Les Vrful in es l es H ofpi ta l i

eres fe font acquittées de leurs fonctions auec des

i oyes des c on ten tem en s dignes de leurs courages ;celles- cy on t efté a ffligées pa r de longues maladies de

leurs Soeurs , les pr emier es ont trouue vn n ouuel

employ pour l ’in ftructi on des Saunages . Les femmes

Ch reftienn es dem anderen t a vn Pere de n o ftre

Compagnie s’

i l n’

y auro i t pas de moyen que quel

qu’

vn e de ces bonnes [ 5 ] Meres vint demeurer auc oelles pour les faire prier Dieu , cela n

efta n t pas dans

la bien -fea n ce, elles leurs enuoyeren t l’

vn e de leurs

Sem in ar i ftes , qui s’eft fort bien acquittée de fon

petit deuo i r .

Les Peres de n oftre Compagnie ont traua i l l é auec

fuccez . Les Sauuages de plufieurs petites Nationsfe font petit a petit approchées , l e bruit de l ’Euan

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140 LE S RELA TION S D E S j ES U /TE S [VOL. 27

gile fe va refpandan t iufques dans l e fonds des plus

épa i ifes forefts , oh la Barbarie fait fon repaire . Nous

n e parlerons point en particulier des diuerfes refi

deuces n y des diuerfes M i f fion s de n o itre Compagnie ,de peur d'

vfer de redites , les choi es qui fe pati ent de

n ouueau ont tant de raport auec celles qui ont defia

efte efcr i tes , que l e danger du degouft nous r endra

fucc i n ts de plus en plus : fi bien que nous n e touche

rons en cette R elation que quelques fen tim en s ,

quelques actions des plus feruen s Ch reftien s , fans

fpec ifier s' ils font de M on ftrea l , de Sa in ct Io feph , ou

de T adoufa c ; E t en fuite nous ver rons les Cerem o

nies qui fe font faites dans l e tra i tté de la Paix aneo

les Iroquois . Comme nous efti on s dans cette ayma

ble occupation , qui depuis long-temps auo i t pluto ft

efté [6] l’

objet de n os fouh a i ts que de n o s attentes ,Dieu nous voulut donner la ioye toute en ti ere : Ca r

l e R euerend P . H ierofm e La l l em a n t qui eft venu

prendre la charge de toute n o ftre M i ffion , auec vne

bonne trouppe de Hurons , pa rm y l efquel s i l y auo i t

vne trentaine de braues Ch reftien s qui ont tenu l espremiers rangs dans les harangues 8c dans l es affaires

qu ’on a cOc lu auec les Iroquois . Que l e Dieu d’

I frae'

l

fo i t beny a i am a i s pource qu’il nous a coble de fes

plus grandes m i fer i cordes i l fca i t aba i ifer rel euer

quand i l luy pl a i ft, mais au bout du compte cc nou

uel éclat eft vn rayon de la M on tague de Thabor o i1on ne parle que des ex cés de I E svs - C H R I S T , i l n e

faut pa s fucrer nos trauaux , l e fa lut des hommes s’eft

operé en la Croix , on n e fcauro i t l e procurer par autre

voye , C’

eft par ce chemin feul qu ’on am ei ne l es ames

a Dieu ,8c qui n

y veut point entrer , n’a que faire de

pa ro i ftre parm y les Saunages .

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1642 - 45 ] RELA TION OF 1 644 -45

the various Missions of our Society , for fear of r epetition ; the new events that occur are so similar tothose which have already been written of , that the

fear of causing distaste will make us more and more

concise , so much so that , in this R elation , we willmention only some sentiments and some actions ofthe most fervent Christians , without specifying

whether they belong to Montreal , to Saint Joseph , o r

to Tadousac . And afterward we will see the Ceremonies that were observed in the negotiation of thePeace with the Iroquois . While we were engagedin that pleasant occupation , which had long beenmore [6] the object of our desires than of our ex pectati on s , God chose to give us the fullest joy . ForR ever end Father H ierosm e La l l em a n t came to takecharge of the whole of our Mission , w ith a considerable band of Hurons , among whom were some thirtyworthy Christians , who occupied the foremost rankin the harangues , and in the aff airs that wer e eoncluded with the Iroquois . Praised for ever be th e Godof Israel

,because he has shower ed his greatest

mercies upon us . He can both humble and exaltwhen he pleases ; but , after all , this new light is a

ray fr om Mount Tabor , where the death-suff erings ofJ E S U S C H R I S T alone are mentioned . Our labors

must not be sweetened ; the salvation of mankind

w a s effected on the Cross and it cannot be obtainedin any other way . It is by that road alone that soulscan be brought to God ; and he who h a s no desire toenter upon it need not make his appearance among

the Savages .

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142 LE S RELA TION S D E S j ES U I TES [VOL . 27

[7] CHAPITR E 11 .

DE QU ELQU ES BONNES ACTIONS DE QU ELQU ES BONSSENT IM ENS DES SAU UAGES CH R ESTIENS .

7VSER AY de redites 11 ie fais mention des prieresque font les Chreftien s tous les fo i rs tous les

matins . Leur chae les Iroquois les ont eflo i

gn ez de l’

Egl i fe pendant tout l’

hyuer ; mais ny leshommes ny les Demons n e les ont pfi empefcher de

rendre a Dieu leur petit deuo i r . Ils emportent an eo

eux dans les bois vn memoire ou vn petit Cath a l oguedes i ours de Fefte, qu

i l s garden t auec beaucoup de

refpect pour des hommes naiz nourris dans lesforefts comme des beftes . Ils s ’

a ffem bl en t tous dans

vne Cabane , font leurs pr ieres publiquement , ilschantent quelque Cantique Spirituel , l

y n d ’eux

tiendra par fois quelques di fcours fur quelques pointsdo n oftre creance , ces Aifem blées n

em pefchen t pas

que chacun n e prie en cor en fa Cabane a fon réuei l

[8] a fon coucher , s’ils font proches de l ’Egl i fe, 1a

cloche les appelle tous les i ours a la M eife, l es fait

venir fur l e fo i r aux prieres a l ’i n ftruéti on . Cela

va fon train en forte nean tm o in s que l es vn s marchent

bien plus vi fte que l es autres .

R etournant de leur longues ch a ffes i l s fe con feffen tordinairement deux fois denaut que de fe Gommun ier, ils di fen t pour ra i fon que leur memoire eft

courte , qu’

i l s n’ont point de papier ny d

’ancre comme

nous pour marquer leurs fautes , que s ’ils en obm et

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144 LE S R ELA TION S D E S j ES U /TE S [VOL. 27

tent quelques vues par oubl y a la premiere Con feffion , qu

i l s s'

en pourront fouuen i r a la feconde , quelques-vus fe feruen t des grains de leurs Ch appel ets

pour memoire locale . Vn e bonne feme do ii ée d’

vn e

auf fi grande fim pl i c i té qu’elle a pen de memoire ,

abordant vn Pere luy dit auec vn e i ngenui té toute

aym abl e : voila tous mes pech ez , elle m on ftro it enui

ron vn e di x a in e de fon Ch appel et , ils font tous fur

ces grains , di fo i t-elle , les maniant les vn s apres

les autres comme fi elle euft fait fa priere , elle

s’

a ccufo i t comme coupable de beaucoup de choi es

innocentes .

Vn e autre enuoye fon mary pour s’

ex cufer [9] fi

elle n e ven o i t point a la fa i n te Table comme elleauo i t promis , elle a oublié , di fo i t fon mary , vn gros

peché : ie croy qu ’il auo i t charge de l e dire au

Per e ; mais cette bonne femme c itant venue: elle

m efm e, l e Pere 1a fit Communier , ayant recon nfi la

crainte la fim pl i c i té innocente du mary de l afemme .

Vn ienne homme ayant ordre de fe Communier,

car pour l ’ordin a i re i l s n e s'

aprochen t point de cc

diuin Sacrement qu ’on n e leur permette , fe vint aufli

ex cufer di fa n t , qu’il voul o i t preparer fon coeur 8e

ieufn er plufieurs fois , s’

a ttr i fter long- temps de fes

pech ez deuan t que de receuo i r fon Seigneur . Quel

ques -vn s prient leurs Con feffeurs de leur en i o i ndrede bonnes Penitences , de les faire i eufn er , tefm o i

gn an s de grands regrets d’

auo i r fafché Dieu comme

ils parlent .

Vn Capitaine ayant trouue l e moyen d’

auo i r du

vin , en donna a boire a quelques-vn s de fes amys ,l’

vn d ’eux s’

enyura : Cela nous eftan t rapporté nous

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1642—45 ] R ELA TION OF 1 644-

4;

th e first Confession,they will be able to r emember

them at the second . Some of them use the beads oftheir R osaries as a local reminder . A good wom an

,

w hose simplicity is as great as her want of memory ,

approached a Father one day , and said to him , withmost pleasing ingenuousness , Her e a re all mysins ; and she showed him about a decade of herR osary . They a re all on those beads

,she said ;

and , passing them one after another through herfingers, as if she had been saying her prayers , sh e

accused her self of having committed many harmlessthings .

Another sent her husband to bear her excuses [9]for n ot having appr oached the holy Table a s she hadpromised . She has forgotten

,said h er husband ,

a great sin ; and I think that he had been chargedto tell i t to the Father , but the good w oman herselfcame , and th e Father gave h er Communion

,having

recognized th e fear and innocent simplicity of th ehusband and w ife .

A young man w h o had obtained permission to

receive Communion — for , as a rule , they do n ot

approach that divine Sacrament unless w e allow them

to do so — also came to excuse himself , saying that hewished to pr epar e his soul , to fast several times , andto sorrow for his sins a long while , befor e r eceivi ng

his Lord . Some beg their Confessor s to give themhard Penances , and to make them fast ; and theymanifest great regret for having made God angry , a s

they say .

A Captain found means to pr ocur e wine , and gavesome of his fr iends a por tion of i t to drink , so thatone of them became intoxicated . When we were in

formed o f this , we pr otested against such disorderly

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146 LE S R ELA TION S D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL. 27

crios contre ce defordre . Ce Capitaine vint trouuer

l e Pere qui a foin de la refiden ce , luy dit : C’

eft

moy qui ay comis l e peché , n e criez point ie vous

prie contre ce panure [ 10] Homme , c’

eit moy qui en

dois fair e la Penitence . Le Dimanche fuiuan t tout

l e monde efta n t allé a la Meffe , ce Capitaine fe mita gen oui l deuan t l

Autel , l euan t fa voix , s’

eoria ,toy qui as tout fait i e t

'

ay fa fch é ayes pitié de moy ,

n o prends point de m efch a n tes pen fées pour mon

peché , i e l e detefte , i e fuis bien marry de l’

auo i r com

mis : la deifus i l i ette vn collier de deux ou trois

mille grains de Porcelaine fur l e mar chepied de

l'

Autel , voila pour repa rer ma faute fecour i r les

panures . Voila pour em pefcher que per fon n e me me

i nine dans vn fi manuais exemple . Ie fuis tritte in f

ques au fond de mon coeur d’

auo i r fa fch é Dieu . Le

Pere qui efto i t defia veftu pour commencer la Meffe ,fe tourna ver s l e peuple expliqua aux Francois qui

fe tr ouueren t prefen t , ce que di fo i t c c bon Neophyte ,cela les edifia tous en toucha quelques-vus . On

luy rendit vn e partie de fon prefen t on employa

l ’autre pour l e fecours de quelques n eceffiteux .

La faute qui fuit me fembl e plus coupable , mais

auffi fem bl e- elle plus for tement repa rée . Quelques

Saunages Ch refti en s ayant trouué ce Printemps vnva i ffeau [ 1 1 ] Bai que au deffus de T adouffa c , a chepte

rent du vin quelques -vus en burent auec ex cez .

Le Pere qui a foin d’eux ayat appris ce defordre leur

dit , qu'

i l s n’

en trero ien t point a l’

Egl i fe, qu'

i l s

n’

euffen t expié leur o ffen fe . Ils fe tin dren t tous ala porte vn i our de Fe i te , que les Francois les Sau

uages y en tro ien t l e lieu c i tant fangeux : car i l pleu

uo i t actuellement pour lors . I l s fe mirent a deux

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148 L E S R ELA TIONS D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL. 27

genoux dans la fange,l e Pere donnant charge qu ’on

aporta ft quelques planches de peur qu’

i l s n e fa l i fien t

leurs habits : Non , mon Pere , di fen t- ils , nous en

m er i ton s bien dauan tage ,nous auon s fa fch é celuy qui

a tout fait . Ils demandent publiquement pardon a

Dieu, fe recon n o i ifa n t indignes d

en tr er dans fon

Egl i fe ; ils pr ieren t n eatm o in s qu 'on eni t pitié d ’eux ,

qu’on les receut en la compagnie des autres , priez

pour nous , di fo i en t-ils , a ceux qui efto i ét dans l ’E

gl i fe, on fit en effet vme petite Ora i fon publique , puis

l e Pere leur dit que Dieu eftan t plein de bonté , leur

perm etto i t l’

en trée en fa M a i fon . Quelques-vn sentrent aum-to it , mais d

autres fe fa fch a n s contre

eux-m efm es de leur faute , fe mirent dans l’eau

fangeufe [ 1 2] qui efto it hors l’

Egl i fe , s’

écr ieren t ,

nous n ’

en treron s pa s mon Pere , nous anons tr0p faf

ché Dieu , i l n’importe que nous foyon s dans la fange ,

que la pluye tombe fur nous , nous fomm es indi

gnes d’

eitre en la compagnie de ceux qui aym en t

Dieu . Le Pere fut furpr i s attendit voyant cette

ferueur , i l les l a i lfa faire , fl bien qu’

i l s pa iIeren t tout

l e temps de la Meffe dans cette ac’

tion d’

hum i l i té

de Penitence . Ces deuoti on s font bonnes dans vn e

Egl i fe n a i ffan te ; afin que l es Payen s con n o i ffen t que

les pechez des Ch reftien s n e proui ennen t pas de leur

doctrine , mais de leur fo ibl eife .

Ce n ’eft pas tout , l e Capitaine de cette efco i i ade

voulant fubi r la m efm e ignominie que fes gens , di fan t

qu’

en cor qu’il n e fe fuft pa s enyuré, que n ean tm o i ns

i l auo i t bfi , qu 'il efto i t coupable . La con c lufion

fut , que quelques-vn s en tra n s dans l’

Egl i fe i etteren t

fur l e marche-pied de l ’Autel quelques aum ofn es qui

ferui ren t pour donner a manger aux plus pauures .

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1642- 45 ] RELA TION OF 1 644 -45

the time ; but they knelt on both knees in the mud .

The Father gave orders to bring them some boardsto kneel on , that they might not soil their clothes .

No , my Father , they said ; we deserve muchmor e , for we have angered him who has made all .They publicly begged pardon of God , acknowledgingthemselves to be unworthy to enter his Church .

They nevertheless prayed us to have pity on them ,

and to admit them i n the company of the others .Pray for us , they said to those who were in theChurch . In fact , we said a short public Prayer ,

andthen the Father told them that , as God was all kindness , he would allow them to enter his House . Someof them entered at once ; but others , who were angrywi th themselves on account of their sin , took theirplaces in the muddy water [ 1 2] outside of the Church ,and cr ied out : We will not enter , my Father ; wehave too deeply offended God . It matters n ot thatwe are in the mud , and that the rain falls on us . Weare unworthy to be in the company of those who love

God .

” The Father was surprised and touched , onobserving such fervor ; he left them alone , and theypassed the wh ole time of Mass in this postur e of

humility and Penance . Such devotions are good ina nascent Chur ch

,in order that the Pagans may know

that the sins of Christians come not from their doc

trine but from their own weakness .

That is not all ; the Captain of that band wished tosubmit to the same ign ominy as his people , sayingthat , although he had not become intoxicated , he hadnevertheless drunk , and was guilty . The conclusion

w a s that some of them on entering th e Church threwon the steps of the Altar some alms which served to

provide food for the poorer ones .

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1 50 LES RELA TIONS D E S j ES U l TE S [VOL. 27

Apres cette Penitence l ’vn de ces bons Neophytesvenant vifiter l e Pere en particulier , luy di fo i t auec

vn oppreiIem en t de poitrine , fa l l o i t- i l que i ’o if en fa ffe

Dieu [ 1 3] fi l ourdem ét , ie n’

auo i s pas en cor fo ii i l l e

mon Baptefm e , i e n e m’

efto i s pas encore beaucoup

efca rté du chemin , l e Diable ma trompé , la bo i ffon

m ’a renuerfé l’

efpr i t . Ie n ’ay point de bien quand

i e peni e a mon peché , i l pouffo i t ces paroles entre

couppées de fangl ots qu’il ta fch o i t de cacher , mais

la tr i fteffe l e decouuro i t .

Ie n e fcay , di fo i t vn autre , fi c c qui m ' anime eft

bon quand i e fuis en la Chappelle , que ie pen i e am es pech ez ,

les larmes me viennent aux yeux , i e

fens mon vi fage tout moui’llé

,i e dis en moy-m efm e ,

C ’efi mon coeur qui doit pleurer non pas m es yeux ,

cela eft- i l bon , di fo i t - i l , car cela m’

a rr iue a ffez fou

nent pour les pech ez que i’

ay commis deuan t mon

B aptefm e : Ie fens ces m efm es regr ets quand i e voy

que mes gens n ’

obeyffen t pas bien a Dieu .

Vn e femme veufue fort panur e del a i fIée , fe

maria a la facon des Saunages , elle fe l a i ffa cajoler

par vn Payen qui la trompa,elle eut vn tel regret de

fa faute , qu'

apres en auo i r demandé pardon publique

ment en l ’Egl i fe , elle di fo it au Per e que fen ta n t les

douleurs de fa gro ifeffe elle fouh a i tto it la mort pour

expier fon crime : [ 1 4] i e prie Dieu tous les i ours ,fa i fo i t-elle , qu

’il me ch a fti e : quand i e voy desfemmes qui fe m ocquen t de moy ; quand i e l es entend

fe gauffer de mon peché ie dis 2 part m oy , i’

ay bien

m er i te cela , ie n e réponds rien, i e demeure toute

con fufe , c’c it la ra i fon que i e foufire toute ma vie

,

i’

auo i s belle peur qu 'on me chaffa ft pour toufioursde la m a i fon des Prieres . Comme elle a l l o i t quel

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1 5 2 LE S R ELA TIONS D E S jES U J TE S [VOL. 27

ques-fois aux Vr ful in es elle eflo i gn o i t fon enfant de

la grille,de peur qu 'on n e l e vi ft ; mais cc pan ure

petit s’

eftant vn i our produit foy-m efm e par fes cris ,la R el igieufe qui luy pa r l o i t luy demanda in n o cem

ment fi c’

efto it fon enfant fi elle s’

efto i t remariée ,la panure femme rougit con feffa fon peché auec

tant de douleur de pudeur , que cette bonne Mere

en re ita edifiée au dernier point ; E lle luy di fo i t

qu’elle auo i t efté fortement tentée de tuer fon enfant

de fe faire mourir foy-m efm e, mais qu’elle n ’

auo i t

pas voulu offen fer Dieu , qu’il va l l oi t mieux qu 'elle

beuft la honte de fon peché que d’en commettre vn

a utre .

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1642—45 ] R ELA TION OF 1 644-

45

from the grating , lest some one might see i t . But

the poor little thing made its presence known one

day , by crying ; and the Nun who was speaking to

her innocently asked her if that were h er child , andif she were mar ried again . The poor woman blushed ,

and confessed her sin wi th such sorrow and modestythat the good Mother was edified to th e highest

degree . She told her that she had been stronglytempted to kill her child , and to bring about her owndeath ; but that she did n ot wish to off end God , andi t was better to bear the shame of her sin than to

commit another .

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1 54 LES RELA TIOIVS D E S j ES U/TE S [VOL. 27

[ 1 5 ] [CHAPITR E 111]

CONTINUATION DU MESME SU IET .

N bon Neophyte ayat penetré bien anant dans

les terres du cofté duNord , rencontra l e Capi

taine d’

vne petite Nation qui n’a aucun com

merce auco les Francois , fin on par l’entre-m i fe des

Saunages qui nous font vo ifin s ; Cét homme qui efto i tallé en cc pays-la pour trafiquer fe fit de Marchand

Predi cateur , i l parle de Dieu a ces n ouueaux h o ftes ;

i l leur fait en ten tre que fon Fils s’eft fait Homme ,

qu ' il eft venu iufques a co point d ’amour pour f es

freres que de perdre la vie fur vn e Croix : Et comme

i l vi t que ces Auditeurs pr en o ien t gouft a cette nouuel l e Doctrine , i l les prie de mettre la main auec luy

pour dreffer dans l es ter res ce grand Memorial de

noftre Salut , aufil -toft dit auffi-toft fait, ils fe mettenten action , ils abattent vn grand arbre , l

ébran chen t

auce plus d’

a ffecti on que d’

induftr i e, ils efleuen t vn egrande Croix fur les rines d’

vu beau fieuue o ii ils

s'

efto i en t rencontrez . Ie me ferny , di fo i t cc nou

ueau Charpentier , de quelque 05 de [ 16] Cerf que

i’

appo in ty comme des cloux pour atach er l e trauers de

cette Croix que nous pl an ta fm es en vn lieu fort em i

nent fort a i fé a découur i r de bien loin : Ie leur disque ce bois leur portero i t bon-heur , que les Demonsl e cra ign o ient, que c

eft la qu’

i l s fe doiuen t afi em

bler, que c ’c i t en c e lieu que ie les vi endro i s troun er l e Printemps prochain . Ie fen to i s, di fo it cc bon

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15 6 LE S RELA TION S D E S j ES U /TE S [VOL. 27

Ch reftien , vn pl a ifir vue ioye dedans mon coeur

tr aua i l l an t a ce faint Ouurage. Ie di fo i s a I E S V S tues bon

, fecoures ces pauures peuples , tu es mort poureux

, ouures leurs yeux , fais qu’

i l s te con n o i ffen t

qu’

i l s croyen t en toy . Cette ame eft bien ch o ifie ,

elle a des fen tim en s qui ne font pas du commun .

M adem o i fel l e d’

A l ibour dem ando i t certain i our avn bon Neophyte quelles pen fées i l auo i t c ii voyant

l es Iroquois a rr iuez aux trois R iuieres pour tr a i tter de

la Paix , a cette demande i l prit fon T apabort , i o ign i t

les mains eil euan t l es yeux au Ciel , i l parut grande

ment touché " helas di fo i t- i l , [ie di fo i s] en mon

coeur parlant a celuy qui a tout fait , ces gens n e te

con n o i ffen t pas , la paix leur apportera de grads biens ,car ils feront i n ftrui ts nous ferons aneo [ 1 7] eux

dans l e Ciel . Ie n e me refiouys pa s tant de me voir

del iuré de la main de la dent de ces peuples fort

cruels , comme de les voir en la di fpofiti on d’

eftre

faits en fan s de Dieu , nous n e ferons plus qu’

vn e

m efm e chofe aneo eux ; voila , fa i fo i t- i l , ce que ie

pen fo i s . M on fieur d’

Al i bouft fut rauy voyant des

fen tim en s fi épurez dans l ’ame d’

vn Barbare . II

faut auouer que la grace fait d’

eitra nges m etam or

ph ofes .

Ce m efm e homme efto i t eftrangem en t addon né a

petun er , cette pafii on eft f1 grande qu ’il fe trouue

des Francois m efm es qui vendét iufques a leurs habitspour y fa ti sfa i re . Ce n ouueau Ch reftien voyat que

cette fumée luy efto i t inutile s’en eit tellement ab i tonu qu ’on di ro i t qu ’il n ’a i am a i s ayme cette herbe .

Il n e s’

eft pa s fait feulement violence en ce point

mais fouuen t 11 a paffe les i ours entiers fans rien

manger du tout , pour garder l o Commandement de

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1642- 45 ] RELA TION OF 1 644—45

to J E S U s : Thou art good ; help these poor people .

Thou didst die for them ; open their eyes ; make themknow thee and believe in thee .

’ This is indeeda chosen soul , and its sentiments are out of thecommon .

Mademoiselle d’

Al ibour one day asked a good Neophyte what his thoughts were when he saw the Iro

quo i s arrive at three R ivers to negotiate the Peace .

On hearing this question , he took 03 his Cap , claspedh i s hands , raised his eyes to Heaven , and seemedgreatly touched . Alas" exclaimed he , I saidin my hear t , speaking to him who has made all :These people know thee not . Peace will bringthem great blessings , for they will be taught and weshall be with [ 1 7] them in Heaven . I r ejoice , notso much at seeing myself delivered from the handsand teeth of those so cruel people , as a t seeing themdisposed to become children of God . We shall hereafter be but one with them .

’ That ,” said he , is

w hat I thought . Monsieur d’

Al iboust w a s delightedto find sentiments so refined in the soul of a Barbarian . It must be admitted that grace effects strange

transformations .

This same man was singularly addicted to sm ok

ing. This passion i s so great that there are French

m en themselves who sell even their clothes to gratifyit . When this new Chr istian saw that that smoke wasuseless to him

,he abstained from it to such an extent

that one would have said that he never cared for thisplant . Not only on this point has he done violence

to himself,but he has frequently passed entire days

without eating anything , in order to keep the Com

mandment of the Chur ch which orders its Children

to abstain from meat on certain days . As a rule , he

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15 8 LE S RELA TIONS D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL . 27

l’

Egl i fe,qui ordonne a fes En fan s l ’abfti nen ce de

viande en certains i ours; pour l’

ordi n a i re i l fe contente

d’

y n peu de pain d ’eau , ou de pois pour rendre

cette obeyffa n ce , quoy qu’on luy fa ffe entendre que

la n ecefll té l’en di fpen fe .

[ 1 8] Vn Capitaine Ch refti en parlant a vn Payen

qui l ’efto i t venu vifiter qui en trepren o i t vn grand

voyage , luy dit , d’

y moy ie te prie nettement quelle

eft ta pen fée touchant la priere : 11 y a long- temps

que i e t ’ay dit que i e pr i o i s du fond du coeur : ie t’ay

pr effé autre- fois de pr endre n o ftre Creance , tu n e

m ’as pas r efpondu; fi tu me don n o i s quantité de

viures de robbes i e n e m ’en r efiouyr o i s pas , mais fi

tu me di fo i s , ie croy en Dieu , mon coeur fero i t efpan o ii y . Pour moy i e n e fuis pas capable de te donner

c on fei l , va t’

en n ean tm o in s auec cette pen fée de moy ,

que i e perdro i s pluto ft toutes cho i es la vie que la

Foy .

Vn impie deba tan t contre vn Pere fur la verite de

n oftre Doctrine , apres plufieurs paroles s’

écr i an t

que n os prieres fa i fo ien t mourir l es Saunages , vn

Ch reiti en qui efto i t la prefen t n e fe pouuan t plus

taire efleua fa voix tout en coler e, n e parle plus en

ces termes , dit- i l a cét homme i nfidel l e ,c ’c i t vo ftre

im pieté qui ga fte tout , c'

eft voftre i n credul ité qui

nous tue , vous retenez l es Demons auec vous . Mon

Pere , adi oufto i t- i l , i’

ay toufiours eu cette pen fée ,que

la malice l’

infidel i té [ 19] de ces gens- la nous

perdo i en t , ie leur ay fouuen t dit, i l s ’en trouue

oncor qui -ofe nous faire cc reproche .

Ce m efm e Ch r eftien qui eft Attikam eg de nation ,fe trouuan t dans l

a ffembl ée de fes Compatriotes,

dont la plus part n’

efto i en t pas encore bapti fez ,

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160 LE S RELA TION S D ES j ES U I TE S [VO L . 27

voyant qu’

vn Pere l es voul o i t prefcher , i l l e preui n t

pour les di fpofer a receuo i r ce qu ' on leur di ro i t . Mes

pa res , leur dit-i l , vous fcauez bien qu’

en cor que i e

fois eflo igné de n oftre pays i e n e l a ifi’

e pas d’

eftre de

vo ftre Nation ; mais pr enez garde que la parenté

d’icy bas eft bien cour te : nous ferons bien- toft

fepa rez les vn s des autres , rencontrons-nous au Ciel .Efcoutez l o Pere , i e vous a ffeure que cc qu ’il dit eit

veritable , i l vous en feign er a l e moyen d’

eftr e con

tent bien -heureux a tout i am a i s .

Cét homme qui n o fe produit que dans les occafion s, parlant a quelques ieun es Cadets , leur di fo i t ,i e vous ayme parce que vous croyez en Dieu , mon

plus grad contentement eft de vous voir con fta n t enla Foy . I ’ay fait pl ufieur s folies deuan t que d

eftre

bapti fé, n e me confiderez pas en ma ieun effe , mais

apres mon baptefm e, i e n’ay plus qu

'

vn e femme ie

publ i c [20] hautement que i e n’en veux pa s d

autre ;

n e tombez pas dans les defauts que i ’ay commisdenaut que de reconn o i ftre Dieu ; vous eftes mes

neueux , mais ma plus forte parenté eft dans la Foy .

Vn tel , qu’il nomm o i t, quoy qu

’il fo i t d’

vn e nation

ennemie de la n oftre n e me fem bl e plus eftra ngerIe l e tiens pour mon parent , parce qu

’il croit forte

ment en Dieu .

Vn e femme s’

a ccufo i t vn i our de ce qu’elle fen to i t

vue alienation contre fon pere , celuy qui l’

efcouto i t

luy en demandant la ra i fon , elle refpondi t : II n’

aym e

point la Foy , i l n e veut pas croire en Dieu,11 me

fem bl e que quelqu’

vn me dit en mon coeur, cc n’eft

point- la ton pere , i l n’

y a plus que Dieu qui fo i t ton

Pere , i’

ay tai che de me forcer, mais ie n e fcaur o i s

aimer celuy qui n’

aym e pas Dieu .

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1642 - 45 ] P ELA TION OF 1 644—45

foresta lled him , that he might prepare them to listento what Should be told them .

“ My relatives,he

said to them , you know well that , though I am fa r

from our Ow n country ,I still belong to your Tr ibe .

But observe that relationship her e below i s very shor t ;we shall soon be separated from one another ,l et us meet in Heaven . Listen to the Father ; I

assure you that what he says i s true . He wi ll teachyou h ow to be content and happy for ever .

This man , who introduces himself only whenopportunity presents

,w hile speaking to some young

R elatives , said to them : I love you,because you

believe in God ; my gr eatest happiness is to see youconstant in th e Faith . I committed many follies

befor e I w a s baptized . Consider not what I w a s in

my youth , but what I have been since my baptism .

I have no mor e than one wife , and I pr oclaim [20]aloud that I do n ot desire another . Fall not into th eerror s that I committed before I acknowledged God .

You a r e my nephews ; but my closest relationship isin th e Faith . Such a one — naming him a l

though he belongs to a tribe that is hostile to ours ,no longer seems a stranger to me ; I consider him a s

a r elative , because he believes firmly in God .

A w oman accused her self one day of feeling es

tra ngem en t against h er father . He w h o heard her

asked the r eason of it , and she r eplied : He lovesnot th e Faith ; he will not believe in God . It seems

to me that some one says to me in my heart , Thatis not thy father ; God alone is thy Father .

’ I havetri ed to for ce myself to i t , but I cannot love one w h o

does n ot love God .

It must be admitted that God has his elect every

where,and that Faith produces power ful effects in

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162 LE S RELA TIONS D E S j ES U I TES [VOL. 27

11 faut auouer que D i eu a fes efleus par tout ,que la Foy a de pui ffa ns effects dans les ames lesplus fauuages. Vn ienne homme grand ch a ifeur

grand coureur s’

eftan t fort long-temps eflo igné du

lieu o il i l auo it efte i n ftrui t , a paflé l'

hyuer en tres

m auua i fe compagnie ; mais fa con ftan ce fa fermeté

en la Foy , l’ont fait marcher droit o ii les autr es ont

bronché . [2 1 ] 11 n’a pas manqué vn fo ir ny vn matin

de faire fes prieres a gen o ii i l , en public tant qu’

il

a efté en fante, fa femme pr io i t aneo luy . I l efto i t

parm y des Payen s, 8c auco des hommes demy Apofta ts . Ils fe gauffo ien t de luy , ils l

ex c ito ien t a chanter

ides ch an fons fuperfti ti eufes, dont ils fe feruen t

pour auo i r recours au Demon . Ils luy reproch o ien t

qu ’il n e trouuero i t aucune bonne chaffe . Ce bon

i eun e homme n ’a i am a i s bronché en fa creance , nydu coeur , ny de la parole , n y d

aucun geite , l’

ex em pl e

de ceux qui tom bo ien t , les railleries de ceux quil e gauffo ient n

’out i am a i s pfi l’

efbran l er . Ie luy

dem ando i s fi du moins fon coeur n ’

eito i t point quel

ques - fois feco ii é, point du tout refpondit- i l : i e fen

to i s a ffez fouuen t de la tr i fteffe de la douleur de

mes pechez ; mais i l me fem bl e que i’

auo i s vue telle

force dans mon coeur pour la priere pour la Foy,

que i ’eftoi s plus touché de c om pafii on pour ces pau

ures gens , a caufe de leur i n c redul i té de leur badi

n er ies , que ie n’en auo i s d

auerfion pour l es m efpr i s

qu’

i l s fa i fo ien t de moy : Auffi eft- i l vray que c e i eun ehomme eft fil s de l ’vn des plus genereux Ch refti en sde la reduction de S . Iofeph .

[22 ] Sa femme accoucha dans ce grand eflo ign e

ment , l’enfant di fo i t- i l , n e paro i ffo i t quafi pas eftre

viuan t , on me dit qu’il ef’co i t mort

,que c ’en efto i t

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164 LE S RELA TION S D E S j ES HI TES [VOL. 27

fait ; ie me mis a genoux l e prefen tay a Dieu , l efuppl i an t qu

’il fift en forte pour l e moins qu’il pat

eftre baptisé : Dieu ex auca ma priere , car tout fou

da in em en t l ’enfant reprit vie , auec l’

efton n em en t de

tous ceux qui efto ien t dans la Cabane .

Il fe tronna dans cette Compagnie quelques Chrefti en s , que l

ex em pl e de'la parole de ce bon Neo

phyte an im eren t , i l les fouftin t les fit perfeuerer

en la Foy . E t m efm e i l eft croyable que ces demy

Apofta ts qui par apres firen t Penitence , y furent attirez par la ver tu par la con fta n ce de ce braue fo l dat

de I E SV S C H R I S T . Sur tout i l con fo l a vn panure

malade fort perfecuté de ces impies , ils l e gauffo ien t

ex c i to i ét a auo i r recours au Demon , l e bon malade

dit qu’il a im o i t mieux mourir . Le Pere racontant

vn i our l’

hi fto i re de Iob en prefen ce de ce bon Neophyte , i l fe mit a rire , entendant les reproches queluy fa i fo i t fa femme : voila iufiem en t , fit- i l , tout ce

qu’on me cr i o i t cét hyuer . Tu mourras,me di fo i t

on , {I tu pr ie Dieu , tu [2 3] n e guer i r a s i am a i s fi tu

n e chate vn e ch an fon qui efi o i t pour implorer l e De

m o. Les Sauuages di fen t for t peu cc qui fe paffe en

eux . Si on n ’eut ra cOté par occafio l’

h i fto i re de Iob ,

nous n ’

aur i on s pas en la con n o i fsace de la gen erofitéde ce braue Athlete .

Ie ferm eray ce Chapitre par quelques actions d’

vn

i eun e garcon n ouuel l em en t bapti fé. Au commence

ment , di fo i t- i l , que i’

ay o ii y parler de la priere , i’

ay

voulu mettre en pratique cc qu ’on me préch o i t . I’

e

fto i s auec des Algonquins proches vo ifin s des Hurons,

voulant donc l e fo i r faire ma petite priere,tout l e

monde fe pritt a rire , plufieurs fe gauffo i en t touthautement de moy; Tu n

’as point d’

efpr i t, me di fo i t

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1642—45 ] RELA TION OF 1 644—45

prayer , for all of a sudden the child ' s life w a s

restored to the astonishment of all who were in theCabin .

Ther e w ere in this Band some Chr istians w hom theexample of this good NeOphyte

s testimony en cour

aged ; he sustained them , and made them perseverein the Faith . And we may even believe that thosesemi -Apostates w h o afterw ard did Penance wer eattracted to i t by th e vir tue and constancy of thatbrave soldier of J E S U S C H R I S T . Above all

,he

consoled a poor sick man w h o w a s greatly per secuted

by th e ungodly . They j eer ed a t him and urged him

to have r ecour se to the Demon ; the good sick mansaid that he w ould rather die . On e day , the Fatherr elated th e story of Job , in the presence of this goodNeophyte . He began to laugh and , on hearing hiswife’s r eproaches , said : All that is exactly whatthey sh outed a t me this winter .

‘ Thou w ilt die ,’

they said to me , if thou pray to God ; thou [2 3] w ilt

never be cured unless thou sing a song w hich w a s

to implore th e aid of the Demon . The Savages sayvery little of what passes in their minds . If we had

n ot by accident r elated th e story of Job ,w e w ould

n ot have had any knowledge of the courage of th at

brave Athlete .

I w ill close this Chapter with some actions of ayoung boy but new ly baptized When I first heardprayer mentioned ,

” he said,I w ished to put into

practice what w a s preached to me . I was with some

of th e Algonquins w h o a re near neighbor s to theHurons . At night , w hen I wished to say my little

prayer , every one began to laugh , and many jeeredaloud a t me . Thou hast no sense ,

'

they said to me .

To whom speakest thou ? Where i s he ? Dost thou

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166 LES R ELA TION S D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL . 27

on , a qui parle- tu , oil eft- i l ? l e vois - tu , te laie - tu

amufer par ces eftrangers n ouueaux venus" Ie n e

di fo i s mot a tout cela . Le lendemain voulant man

ger, ie comm encay a prier Dieu, ils fe m i rét vn e

autre-fois a rire a gorge déployée : la-deffus l 'vu dem es parens me dit, mon neveu , tu n

a pas d’

efpr i t,

tu n e t’

efton n e de rien , tu n’

en tends pas ces gens—laqui fe m ocquen t de toy . Ie ne voulu pas pourtantquitter ma priere ; ils con tinueren t leurs gauffer ieseft- i l fou , di fo ien t- ils ? i e n e [24] perdis pa s courage

pour cela , i e me me cOten tay pas de croire tout feul :i e m

efiorcay de gagner vne mienne petite foeur ,i e la tiray a part luy dit , ma foeur , que di ro i s- tu ,fr on t’en feign o i t a prier Dieu , elle me refpondi t , ien e veux pas prier car ie m ourro i s ; l e moyen de

par ler a celuy qu’on n e voit pas . Le Pere qui m ’in

ftrui fo i t m’

auo i t donné vn e petite fon n ette, ma foeur

la voyant me la demande , i e luy dis que i e la luy

don n ero i s f1 elle voul oi t prier : non dit-elle , i e n e

pr i eray point , car ie m ourr o i s , fi tu prends la fon

nette n e mour ras- tu point ? non i e n ' en m ourr ay pas ,fit- elle , alors i e luy repl iquay , fi tu n e meurs pas pourprendre vn e fon n ette qui vient de la main des Fran

cois ? pourquoy m ourro i s-tu receuan t d ’eux la pr iere

qui eft bien meilleure ? elle n e repartit r ien pour lors ;enfin ie luy donnay ma fonn ette pour la gagner

,mais

en ce m ém e temps ie la qui ttay pour venir ca bas .Ce ienne Neophyte rendant compte de fa con fc ience a cel uy qui l e di r igeo i t , luy di fo i t quelques- fois ,en verite, mon ame n

'a point d'

efpr i t : elle fort quel

ques -fois de fon chemin fans rien dir e, ie n e la fens

pas partir ; puis m '

aui fan t tout a coup [2 5 ] qu’elle

s’

egare ie la r am ene . Quelques-fois i l eft fi for t

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[VOL. 27

touché durapport qu’on luy fait quelques H i fto i resfa crées , que les larmes luy tombent des yeux . En

fin i l n e fcauro i t fouffr i r vn e chofe qu’il peni e eftre

gr iefue qu’il décha rge plutoft la

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1642—45 ] RELA TION OF 1 644—45

that it wanders,I br ing it back . Sometimes he is

so aff ected by the recital of some sacred Stories , thattears fall from h i s eyes . Finally , he cannot doanything that he consider s wrong , without a t once

unburdening himself of i t through Confession .

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170 LE S R ELA TIONS D E S j ES U LTE S [VOL. 27

CHAPITR E IV .

SU ITE D U MESME SU J ET .

OU S anons eu peu de malades cette année

en cor moins de morts . La maladie auro i t

bien -toft tout égorgé fi elle perfeuero i t dans la

fureur o ii nous l ’auon s vene.

Vn e bonne femme vrayem en t Ch refti en n e fut pr i fe

d’

vn mal a ffez violent , fi toft qu ’elle en fen ti t l ’effort ,elle dit a l ’vn e de fes compatriotes , i e vous prie deme faire voir l e Pere , i e voudro i s bien me con fefferme di fpofer a la mort pendant que ie fuis encore

en mon bon fens . Le Pere l ’alla vifiter,

voyant

qu ' elle n ’

efto i t loin de la Chappelle , i l luy fit c6dui repour luy donner l e faint Viatique . [26] Vn malade

pa rm y les Saunages eft bien - toft lene bien- toftcouché : Cette panure creature s

eftan t con feifée ,dit

au Pere , ie n’en puis plus les forces me manquent : i e

n e fuis pas tr i fte pour me voir proche de la mort,

mon corps eft abba tu; mais mon ame eft contente,

11 me fem bl e que i e m ’en vais au Ciel , rien n e metrouble , la mort n e me fais point de peur . Ie fouffre

beaucoup mais cela fe pa ffera bien- toft, i’

ay toufiours

dans l ’efpr i t les dern ieres par oles que mon fil s me

di t en mourant , i l m’

appel l a me dit,ma Mere

, i e

m ’en vay au Ciel , croyez fortement en Dieu , n e quittez i am a i s la Foy , n e perdez point l

Efperan ce que

vous auez en c eluy qui a tout fait , pour moy ie meurs

dans la creance de mon Baptefm e , nous nous verronsau Ciel fi vous perfeuerez dans la Foy : i

ay toufiour s

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172 LE S RELA TIONS D ES jES U I TE S [VOL. 27

cos paroles granees dans mon coeur depuis la mort de

mon fil s , i'

efpere que ie l e verray bien-to it : car en

veritei l croyo i t fortement en D ieu . E lle fe con feiI a

recent l o Viatique dans vn grand oppreffem en t de

poitrine . Ce qui n '

em pefch o i t pas de dire de fois aautre I E S V S ma regle mon Capitaine , i e croy en

vo ftre parole : vous eftes das mon [27] coeur , quoyque vous n e paro ifii ez pas , i e l e croy , o ii y en verite,

ie le croy : determ i n ez de moy comme i l vous plaira ,ie vous verray , ie vous verray . Efta n t reconduite

en fa Cabane , l e Pere luy porta quelque temps apres

l’

Ex trem e-Onction , elle n e donna iam a i s aucun indice

ny de tr i ftee ny de crainte , vous eufli ez dit qu’elle

efto i t a ffeurée du lieu elle a l l o i t . E n effet fi nous

procedon s auec amour auec fim pl i c i té deua n t

Dieu , nous pa fferon s de la mort a la vie comme onpaff e de l ’H yuer dans l e Printemps .

Vn bon Chrefti en la voyant fort oppreffée luy dit ,Charité , c

' efi a in fi qu ’elle fe n omm o i t , n e t’

a ffii ge

point , i’

ay toufjours eu cette pen fée de toy que tu

croyo i s fortement en Dieu , fi cela eft n e t'

a ttr i fte

point : car tu iras bien- toft au Ciel , fois con ftan te en

la Foy iufques au dernier fofipir . Mi cutian , r efpon

dit- elle,Ka nout n i teponetauz in . Ie fuis dans cette

di fpofi ti on , ie me cro i ray plus a demy , ie croy toutde bon : c ’

eft pourquoy i e n o fuis point tr i fte , ie m’en

vay auCiel , ie l o croy , elle mourut dans cette ferueur .

Quel qu’

vn des Peres ayant rencontré vme femmequi porto i t du bois a vn malade , [2 8] luy dit apres

auo i r l o i i é fa charité , quand vous faites quelque

bonne action enuers voftre prochain ,i l faut que vous

difiez en vo ftre coeur , ie m’en vay porter du bois a

mon Sauueur I E S V S . Ie m ’en vay faire du feu, i e

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1642—45 ] RELA TION OF 1 644—45

other in Heaven if you persevere in the Faith .

’ Ialw ays have those words graven in my hear t , since

my son ' s death . I hope that I shall soon see him ,

for , in truth , he firmly believed in God . She con

fessed herself and received the Viaticum , while she

had a great Oppression on her chest . This did notprevent her from saying, from time to time , J E S U Smy guide and my Captain , I believe in your word ;you are in my [2 7] hear t , although you appear not .I believe i t ; yes , in truth , I believe i t . Do with me

as you will . I shall see you ; I shall see you .

When she w a s taken back to her Cabin,the Father

some time afterward carried to her Extreme Unction . She never betrayed the slightest sign of sorrow or of fear . You would have said that sh e w a s

sure of the place to which she w a s going . Indeed,

if we proceed with love and simplicity befor e Godwe shall pass from death to life as from Winter toSpr ing .

A good Chr istian , w h o saw that she w a s greatlyoppressed , said to her : Char ité , - such was hername

,be not afil i cted. I have always had this

thought of thee that thou believest firmly in God .

If that be the case , be n ot sor rowful , for thou wiltsoon go to Heaven ; be constant in the Faith to thelast br eath M i cutia n , sh e r eplied , Ka na nt n i te

poneta uei n; I am in that disposition , I will nolonger only half believe ; I believe fully . That i swhy I am not sad . I am going to Heaven ; I believeit . She died while in that fervor .

On e of our Father s met a woman carrying wood toa sick person . [2 8] He said to her , after havingpraised her char ity : When you do a good action

toward your neighbor , you must say in your heart ,

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174 LE S R ELA TIONS D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL. 27

vay luy donner a manger , i e l e vay fo ign er pen

fer,car 11 a dit que cc qu ’on fero i t au moindre des

h ens qu’il l e recom pen fero i t , comme s’

i l efto i t fait afa propre per fon n e . Cette pauure femme refpondi t ,mon Pere ie pen fo i s ac

'

tuellement 2 cc que vous dites ,comme Dieu m ’

a ffii ge moy-m efm e, qu ’il m ’

a

Ofté la pluf-part de m es en fan s, que'

l es autres font

malades , ie dis en mon coeur , i l n' importe encore

qu ’il m ’

éprouue, Ai an tch n igatepouet , i e c ro i ray

dauan tage , c'

eft a luy a determiner du tout .Vue femme eftan t venue de T adoufa c a S . Io feph ,

en partie pour fe con feffer communier , fift paro i ftre

vn e grande innocence ; depuis que i e fuis bapti fée,

di fo i t-elle , i’

ay tai che d’

aym er I E S V S , i'

ay fouuen t

la pen fée de n e l e i am a i s fa fch er ; en verite i'

aym e

la priere . Ie dis 2. part moy dans mon coeur,ceux

qui font bapti fez ne font plus de mal , ie n’en veux

point [29] faire , fur tout , ie me me mets point en colere

quoy qu’on me faife ,ma fil l e eftmariée a vn Payen qui

eft tres-colere , i l l’a voulu prec ipi ter de fon canot

dans la r iuiere : ie voulus entrer en colere contre luy,

mais i e dy dans mon coeur , ie fa fcheray celuy qui ab tout fait . Ie me retins , i e n e dis mot

, i’

efi o i s feule

ment h on teufe con fufe, voyant comme i l tra i to i tma fil l e, m ais ie n e me mis point en colere .

Vn Capitaine voyant embarquer quelques per fonnes de fes gens , leur dit tout haut en peu de paroles

a leur depart, prenez vn efc r i t des Peres comme

vous eites Chreftien s , me l e dem en tez point,pr iez

Dieu tous les fo i rs tous les matins, ne vous mettez

point en colere , vous femmes obei'

ffez a vos maris,

fur tout , qu’

on i cache que vous aym ez la priere,

que vous n e pouuez commettre aucun mal .

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176 LE S R ELA TIONS D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL. 27

Vn bon Neophyte de la nation des Attikam eg,

ra con to i t fes petites deuotion s auec vue fim pl i c i té

toute aimable ; quand ie fouge que Dieu eft par tout

i e reffen s vn grand pl a ifir , quand ie porte les yeux au

Ciel,quand ie regarde les arbres , les o i feaux , les

r iuieres , l es animaux : 11 m e fem bl e que mon coeur

eft tout plein de [30] ioye , con n o i ffan t que toutes cescho i es viennent du Tout-pui ffan t. Il m ’eit aui s

que ie fuis comme vn homme riche , que i e po ffede

beaucoup , con n o i ffa n t ce que i ’auo i s ign ore 11 long

temps , ie dy dans mon coeur , Ie l’

adm i re, ie l’ayme ,

puis i e me tr ouue tout content tout i oyeux .

Ce bon homme adi oufto it qu’

eftan t allé bien auan t

dans l es terres , i l rencontra quelques Sauuages qui

n’

auo ien t i am a i s veu de Francois , qui n ’

auo ien t

i am a i s ouy parler de Dieu . Or comme nous fa ifion s

nos prieres tous les fo irs tous les matins , ils nous

efc outo ient : car nous parlions tout haut , ils s’efton

noient adm i ro i en t c c que nous di fion s . Ils furent

furpr i s voyant vue petite Image qu’on nous auo i t

donnée . Ie me r en con tray , di fo i t-11, vn e autre- fois

auec des Payen s qui fe m ocquo ient de la prier e , ils

nous dirent que nous pr ia il l on s qu ' eux fe ferui

ro i en t de leurs tambours SL de leur s chants,qu’on

ver ro i t laquelle des deux bandes tr ouuero it pluto ft dela chaffe , nous di fm es que nous n e croyons pas en

Dieu pour manger pour viur e en terre,nous n e

l a i ffa fm es pas de prier Dieu qu ’il nous aidait . Ces

m i fer abl es pen ferét mourir [3 1 ] de faim nous n em an qua fm es point de viures Quand i a l l o i s a lachaffe ie me m etto i s a gen oui l au milieu de mon

chemin fur la neige , ie di fo i s a Dieu tu a s fait l esanimaux , tu en di fpo fe ,

fi tu m ’en veux donner ie

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1642—45 ] R ELA TION OF 1 644—45

you women , be obedient to your husbands . Aboveall , let it be known that you love prayer , and thatyou cannot commit any evi l .A good Neophyte , of the Attikam eg tribe , related

his minor devotions with a most agr eeable simplicity :

When I think that God is everywher e , I feel greatpleasure ; when I raise m y eyes to the Sky , when Ilook at the trees , th e birds , the rivers , the animals ,it seems to me that my hear t is quite full of [30]j oy ; for I know that all these things come from theAlmighty . I think that I am

, a s it wer e , a r ich man ,

that I own a great deal . Know ing wh at I had beenignorant of so long , I say in my heart ,

‘ I admire

him , I love him ; and then I feel quite content andvery joyful .

This good man added that , having penetrated veryfar inland , he met some Savages who had never seenany Fr ench , and had never heard of God . Now

when we said our prayers every night and everymorn ing , they listened to us , for we spoke aloud ;and they wer e both astonished and delighted at whatwe said . They were surprised when they saw alittle Picture that had been given us . On anotheroccasion , he said , I m et some Pagans , who laughed

a t prayer . They told us to pray , while they wouldhave r ecourse to their drums and their songs ; and

we should see which of th e tw o bands would findgame th e sooner . We said that we do n ot believein God mer ely for the purpose of eating , and of liv

ing on ear th . We did n ot fail to entreat God to helpus . Those wretches nearly died [3 1 ] of hunger , andwe never were in want of food . When I wentout to hunt , I knelt in the middle of my path on

th e snow ,and said to God ,

‘ Thou hast made the

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178 LE S RELA TIONS D ES fES U /TE S [VOL. 27

cro i ray en toy , fi tu n e m 'en donne point ie n e l a i f

feray pa s de croire . Pendant que ie ch em in o i s i l me

ven o i t en l ’efpr it , o il efto i s-tu 11 y a cent ans ? d’oil

os-tu prouenu,tu n

efto i s point te voila , en verite

cela eft admirable , ayme donc celuy qui a tout fait ,ie l’ayme me fembl e, di fo i t- i l .

Vn de nos Peres demandant a vn petit Sauuageaage de cinq ans , efto i t fon pere , l

’enfant l e

m on ftra de la main ;mais fon pere luy dit : Mon fil s

regarde l e Ciel , voila o ii eft ton Pere , c’

eft Dieu qui

eft ton vray Pere , pourfuiuan t i l adi oufta , ie te

donne tous les i ours a celuy qui a tout fait , ie le

prie de te faire R eligieux afin que tu l e i cache prier :

car ma plus grande tr i fteffe en ce monde eft, que ie

ne fcay pas bien comme i l le faut prier ; i e pen fe

quail toufiours a luy , l ’ayme cc me fem ble, mais iene fcay pas beaucoup de ch ofes qu

' il luy faut dire"

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180 LES RELA T/ONS D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL. 27

[32 ] CHAPITR E v.

DE QUELQU ES ACTIONS PLU S R EMAR QUABLES .

7ESPR IT de I E S V S - C H R I S T eft vn Efpr i t pur ,

vn efprit qui deftrui t 1a nature qui fait vi ure

la grace ; vn efpr i t qui prend fes delices fon

repos non dans la panne dans l e fatin , mais dansvme ame enrichie d’

yn e am oureufe crainte . Vn

ienne homme Saunage a ffez di fgrac i é de la nature ,car i l eft rude en par oles , fes recreations paro ifien tdes col eres des rebus , c i tant plufieurs fois fo l l i c i téfecrettem en t par vn e femme Payenne,

i l n e luy fit

qu'

vne feule refpon fe : Tu n ’as point d’

efpr i t , tu

viens trop tard , i e fuis bapti fé, i e prie Dieu , ie ne

fcauro i s plus cOm ettre ces crimes . Vn i eun e garcon

prié par vne fil l e fe mit en cor mieux a couuert , ca rfans ra i fonn er auec l e ferpen t i l s

en fui t comme

l e cha fte Iofeph . Vue femme veufue a ffez i eun e

inui tée par vn ienne homme fut fa ifie de crainte

d’

efpouuan te, s'

efton n an t qu’

vn homme qui auo i t tant

o ii y parler de l’

En fer , y voulut [33] defcendre pourvn pl a ifir fi pa fIager .

Vn bon C h reftien qui recent l e nom d’

Igna ce en

fon Baptefm e, tomba malade d’

vne fievre violente

cet ef’cé dernier : Il prie auh i - toft qu ’on fafie venir l ePere pour fe con feffer , voyant qu’il tardoi t trop fefait porter a la Chappelle , par vn dehr qu

’il auo i t defoul ager fon ame deuan t que de pen fer fon corps .

De la on l e porte dans vn e petite Cabane d’

écorces

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1642—45 ] RELA TION OF 1 644-

45

[32] CHAPTER v .

OF SOME ESPECIALLY R EMAR KABLE ACTIONS .

H E Spir it of J E S U S C H R I S T i s a pur e Spir ita spir it that destroys natur e

,and causes grace

to live ; a spir it that finds its delight and i tsrepose , n ot in plush and satin ,

but in a soul enriched

wi th loving fear . A young man,a Savage

,who is

somew hat ill favor ed by nature ,— fo r he is harsh inspeech , and h i s r ecreations seem to consist in fits ofanger and in r iddles ,— was sever al times solicited insecret by a Pagan woman . He gave her but oneanswer Thou hast no sense ; thou comest toolate ,— I am baptized ; I pray to God . I can nolonger commit those sins . A young boy , w h o w a s

tempted by a girl , escaped the danger still better ;fo r ,

w ithout arguing with the serpent , he fled liketh e chaste Joseph . A widow , still young , who wastempted by a young man , was seized with fear andhorror

,— being astonished that a man who had heard

so much of Hell Should be willing [3 3] to go ther efo r so fleeting a pleasur e .

A good Chri stian , who received the name of Ignace

a t h i s Baptism , fell ill of a violent fever last summer . He a t once r equested that the Father be sentfor , to confess him ; and , seeing that he delayed toolong , he had himself carried to the Chapel , thr oughthe desir e that he felt to relieve his soul before

thinking of his body . Fr om ther e he w a s car r ied

to a small bark Cabin , separated from the others , that

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182 LES R ELA TION S D E S f ES U I TE S [VOL. 27

fepa rée des autres qui luy ferui t d’

infirm er ie. Le

Pere l e vifite fouuen t , l e con fo l e, l e veille la nuit ,l’

afii fte felon fon petit pouuo i r de ce qu’il a dans la

m ifii on de T adouffa c , o ii i l n’

y a que ce qu 'on y

porte . Les Saunages a fon exemple luy rendent lesm efm es deuo i rs de charité : vn en tr

autre l e con fo l a n t

luy ten o i t cc di fcours : vous endurez beaucoup mon

frere , luy dit-i l , prenez courage 8: fouffrez pa ifibl e

m ent voftre mal , i’

ay eftemalade iufques a la mortcet hyuer , ie n

’ay i am a i s demandé la fan té a Dieu ,i e l ’ay toufiours prié de faire fa volonté en moy , 8c

m ’en fuis tres-bien tr ouué , me voila en cor fain

gaillard dans la refo luti on de l e feruir l e re i te de

mes i ours : faites-en de m efm e , vous ferez con

tent ; puis fe mit a [34] gen o ii i l , fit fa petite priere

pour l e malade s ’en retourna . Vn autre , d’

abort

qu’il entra dans la Cabane voyant l e malade dans de

grandes conuul fion s , luy demanda efto i t fon plus

grand mal , l s malade luy fa i fan t figne que c’

efto i t al’

eftom ach , i l m o ii i l l a fon poux de fa fa l i ue , marqua

quelques fignes de Croix fur cette partie pron oncant

ces paroles : Seigneur , ie me fais pa s cecy en vain ,i’

ay appris que vous anez infin im en t fouffert c itant

attaché a l a Croix : ie vous fuppl ie qu’en confidera

tion de ces fouffra n ces vous foul agiez celles de cc

panure malade . Vn autre Ch reftien voyant l e ma

lade en danger de mourir demanda aux afii ftan s s’

i l

s’

efto i t con fefié, combien de fois depuis fa maladie , o i i y, luy dit-on , i l s

’eft acquitté tonnent de ce

deuo i r , i l n’

y a done plus rien a craindre, refpondi t

i l ; s’

i l perd l e corps i l fauuera l 'ame qui vaut cent

mille fois mieux que l o corps . Ignace tefm o ign o i t

que telles vifites luy efto ien t agreabl es , i l pr i o i t fes

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1 84 LE S RELA TIONS D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL. 27

gens de l ’en treten i r de fem bl abl es di fcours . Comme

i l comm en co i t defja a fe mieux porter qu ’il eut

quitté fon in firm er ie d'

écorce pour fe loger auec les

autres, i l luy a r r iua vn e chofe bien eftrange . [3 5 ]

I l fut fa ifi de ie n e fcay quel en toufia fm e dans le plus

profond fil éce de la nuit , i l fe len e fubi tem ét fur fon

fean t , puis fe met a gen o ii i l , leuc les mains les

yeux vers le Ciel , en s’

écr i an t, ie viens du Ciel , ie

fuis guary , I E S V S m'a donné la vie , ie l

’ay ven de

m es yeux . A ce bruit ceux de la Cabane du

vo ifinage s’

éuei l len t , on vient voir cc que c ’c i t, on

demande au conua l efcen t cc qu ’il veut dire par trois

quatre fois , a toutes ces demandes point d'

autre

r efpon fe que ces paroles , i e viens du Ciel , ie fuis

guary , i’

ay ven I E S V S ; i l les dit redit toute la nuit

in i ques au matin qu ’il prit vn peu de repos,apres

deux ou trois heures de fomm ei l i l fe met a gen o ii i lderechef prie quelqu

vn de fa Cabane d’

appel l er

tous les Sauuages pour leur dire vn mot de la part

de Dieu . Il n e fallut que cette parole pour leur faire

croire que cet homme efto i t reffufc i té, ils y courent

tous pour l e voir l’

o ii ir parler . Ignace voyant vn efi belle a ifem bl ée commence fon di fcours comme i lauo i t fait a minuit . Ie viens du Ciel , mes amis , leur

di t- i l , I E S V S m’a donné la vie i e l ’ay ven de mes

yeux , i l m' a fait voir des ch ofes eftranges auec cOm a n

demet de vous en faire l e rapport . [36] 11 ma mon

ftré vn grand Liure Ou font efcr i ts d’

vu co ite les

v ices qu’

il a en horreur , comme l’

yurogner ie , le

peché de la chair , la communication auc c l e Diable

plufieurs autres qu’

il nomma , de l’autre coitedu liure , i l m

a fait voir ceux qui d’entre-vous font

les plus fujets a ces pech ez , chacun eft efcr i t dans ce

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1642 - 45 ] RELA TION OF 1 644—45

vi sits were agreeable to him . He begged h i s peopleto entertain him with similar discour ses . When he

began to get better , and was able to leave his barki n firm a ry , to lodge with the others , a very strangething happened to him . [3 5 ] He was seized w ith Iknow n ot what enthusiasm

,in th e deepest silence of

th e night . He r ises at once to a sitting posture ,then kneels dow n , and raises his hands and his eyesto Heaven , exclaiming : I come from Heaven ; I amcured ; J E S U S has given me life . I have seen himwith my own eyes . On hearing th e noise , those inthe Cabin and in the neighborhood awake ; theycome to see what is the matter ; they ask the con

va l escen t , thr ee or four times , what he means . Toall these questions he gives no other answer than

these words : I come from Heaven ; I am cured ; Ihave seen J E S U S . He r epeats them over andover again , dur ing th e night

,until toward morn ing ,

when he gets a little r est . After sleeping tw o orthree hour s , he again kneels down and requests oneof those in his Cabin to summon all the Savages , that

he may give them a message from God . It needed

but these words to make them believe that the manhad risen from the dead . They all hasten to see

him,and to hear him speak . When Ignace sees so

large an assemblage,he commences to speak as he

had Spoken at midnight I come from Heaven ,

my friends,he says to them .

“ J E S U S has givenme life ; I saw him w ith my own eyes . He showedme wonderful things , and commanded me to relatethem to you . [36] He showed me a great Book , inwhich are written on one side the vices of which he

has a horror,such as drunkenness , the sin of the

flesh,communication with the Devil , and many

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186 LE S RELA TIONS D E S jES U I TE S [VOL. 27

liure qui plus,qui moins , vous vn tel (l e nommant

par fon nom) vous y c itiez beaucoup efcr i t, voftre

M afli n ah iga n , c’

eft a dire voftre efcr i tur e, eft grand ,i l y a quelque chofe qui n e va pas bien dans vo ftre

affaire , vous n’

a l l ez pas droit , vous n’anez pas foin

de corriger la i eun eife quand elle fait mal . Vn tel

qui eft baptisé n e croit que du bout des l evres , la foy

qu ’il a s '

a rrefte a la gorge me paffe pas iufques au

coeur , i l n’

y a point d’

apparen ce qu’il la garde long

temps . Vn tel n ’eft pas beaucoup efcr i t dans cc

liure ; i l eft homme de bien fa femme aufi‘

r, tous

deux vont droit au Ciel . Vn tel qui a quitté fa

femme prend l e chemin de l ’En fer , eft en danger

d’

y aller s’il ne s ’amende , car fon papier eft bien long ,

i l y a bien de l ’efcr i ture pour luy . Iam a i s vous

n e vi ftes des gens plus attentifs ny vn plus profond

fil en ce. Cét homme [3 7] de l’autre monde pourfui t ;

I E S V S m ’a fait voir , di fo it- i l , a fa main droite vn echofe qui n’a point fon pareil en beauté , c

eft vne

lumiere en com pa ra i fon de qui l e Soleil n’

efi que

tenebres , vn lieu de pl a ifir s de con ten tem ét, enfin

l e fejour de Dieu m efm e de tous les B ié-heureux .

C’

eft 1a 011 i ay veu l es en fan s de n os gens , qui font

morts incontinent apres leur baptefm e,mais i ’y ay

veu fort peu d’

h om m es 8: de femmes Saun ages bapti fez . A fa main gauche i l m ’a découuer t vn feu

qui m ’a fait trembler de peur , dont nous parle fou

uen t l e Pere qui nous en feigne ; mais qui eft tel qui

[se. qu’il] n’

y a point de paroles qui en puifi'

e ex pr i

mer la rigueur . C’

eft dans ce feu que i ’ay ven

brufler l es Sauuages qui n e croyen t point en Dieu ,ceux qui croyan s en luy n e luy ont point obey en cette

vie : i’

y ay auffi ven des Francois , Oque l e nombre eft

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188 LE S R ELA TION S D E S j ES U /TE S [VOL. 27

grand des vus des autres . I E S V S efto i t au mil ieu

du Paradis de l ’En fer , i l m’a m on ftré fes mains

fes pieds percez de gros cloux , puis m’a dit deux ou

trois mots . Ignace , me di fo it-11, ce que vous auez

endure pendant vo ftr e maladie n’eft r i é , c

’e i ’r moy

qui ay fouffert pendant a la Croix pour vous , moy

[38] qui fuis vo ftre Crea teur vo ftre R oy . Quand

i e vous enuoye quelque affliction , la faim , la fo i f , la

maladie,la pauureté, fouffrez cela patiemment pour

moy a mon exemple .

En fui tte de cela Ignace fit vne petite In ftruéti on

a fon auditoir e ; I l faut m es freres , leur dit- i l , nous

a ffem bl er tous les fo i rs dans vme grande Cabane pour

chanter les l o ii anges de Dieu , nous exhorter les

vn s les autres a l e ferui r fidel lem en t . I l faut tous

les matins apres vos prieres en particulier que vous

fortiez de vos Cabanes que vous vous promeniez

en di fan t vos Ch appel ets , que vous imitiez le Pere

qui fe retire dans l e bois tous les matins pour pr ier

Dieu . N’

oubl iez point la benediction l’

aéti on de

graces en vos repas ; foyez fo ign eux de corriger vos

en fan s , de faire plus d’

efta t de la foy que Dieu vous

a donnée que de vos vies , a i n fi fin i t l e Sermon,

chacun fe retira chez foy en vn profond fi l en ce .

Quoy qu’il en fo i t de cete vifiO, fo i t qu

’elle paffe

pour veritable , fo i t qu’il n ’

y ait que de l’

im agin a

tion : 11 eft toufiours vray de dire qu’elle a produit

de bons fruits dans les efpr i ts de tous ceux qui en

out [39] o ii y l e rappor t . Les m efch an s en ont efte

efpouuan tez les bons con fo l ez ; Ie vis pour lors les

panures Sauuages de T adouffa c bien changez , dit l ePere qui a foin de cette M ifii on . Ie l es ay veus fon

dre a la foule Ch refti és Payons dans la Chappelle

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1642—45 ] RELA TION OF 1 644-45

fire I saw the Savages burning who believe n ot in

God , and those who , while believing in him , have

not obeyed him in this life . There also I saw

Frenchmen . Oh "how great i s the number of both .

J E S U S stood between Paradise and Hell . He showedme his hands and his feet , pierced by great nails ,and then he said a few w ords to me . Ignace ,

’ hesaid , w hat you have endured during your illness isnothing . It i s I who suffered , while hanging on theCross for you— I [38] who am your Creator and yourKing . When I send you any a ffli cti on ,

— hunger,

thirst , sickness , poverty , —sufier it patiently for me ,and in imitation of my example .

After that , Ignace delivered a short Instruction toh i s audience : We must , my brother s ,

” he said ,assemble every night in a large Cabin , to singGod ’s praises and to exhort one another to servehim faithfully . Every morning , after saying your

prayers in private , you must come out of your Cabinsand walk about reciting your R osaries , and imitate the

Father who withdraws into the woods every m om

ing to pray to God . DO not forget to ask a blessingand to r eturn thanks at your meals . Be careful to

correct your children , and to think mor e highly ofthe faith that God has given you than of your lives .

Thus ended the Sermon , and each one withdrew to

his home in profound silence .However it may be a s regards this vision , whether

it be true or whether it be only imagination ,— i t isnevertheless a fact that it produced a good efiect

upon the minds of all who [39] heard it related . The

wicked were frightened and the good were consoled

by it . For the time , I found the poor TadoussacSavages greatly altered , says the Father who has

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190 LE S R ELA TION S D E S j ES U l TE S [VOL. 27

pour y faire des prieres extraordinaires ; i e les ay

veus fe promener l e fo i r le matin di fan t leursCh appelets auec vn e deuoti on toute particuliere ; ie

les ay Oii y parler a Dieu la nuit , fe promenant al ’entour de la Chappelle , auec des paroles animées dedeuoti on , fortan t d

vn coeur qui fem bl o i t ei tre veri

tablement contr it . Ha mon Pere/ me di fo i t vn des

plus zel ez , qu’

Ign a cem’a donné d’

épouuan te par fon

di fcours , 11 me fem bl e que ie m’

éuei l le d’

vu pro

fond fomm ei l , i’

ay efte aueugl e ini ques icy i e

commence a ouur ir les yeux , 11 me fem ble que i’

efto i s

mor t , ie commence a viure aui ourd’

huy , quoy que

i e fois bapti fé i l y a deha deux eftez , i l m’

eft adui s

toutes fois que ie n e l ’ay pas encore receu en Chr ei tien . Vne chofe fi n ouuel l e fut incontinent dinul

guée pa rm y l es Saunages de Si l l er i des troisr iuieres , dont les mieux di fpofez en furent viuem en t

touchez .

[40] Les Ch r eftien s de la m efm e M ifli on firen t vn e

faute aflez pardonnable dont ils firen t vn e penitence

publique incontinent apres a la porte de l ’Egl i fe ;mais ayant apr i s du Pere qui les en fei gne quelques

exemples de ceux qui font penitence pour leurspochez dont quelques-vns i eufn en t au pain a l ’eau ,d

autres fe flage l l en t quelques fois , quelques-vus fontde grandes aum ofnes de longues pri eres , d

au

tres meurent de regret de douleur de leurs fautes,

eftim eren t que la penitence qu ’on leur auo i t donnée

a faire efto i t trop petite , que la fa ti sfacti on qu'

i l s

auo ien t faite publiquement n ’

efto i t point égale a leurdel it . Il s fe refoluren t tous d’

vu commun con fen te

ment d’en faire vne plus grande , de fe flagel l er al ’imitation de ces faints Pen i tens dont ils auo ien t

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192 LE S RELA TION S D E S jES U J TE S [VOL . 27

o i i y parler . Ils font fur l e champ vne grande di fc ipline de cordes a ffez groffes pleine de gros noeuds

qu’

i l s lient au bout d’

vu ba fton pour ferui r de poi

gn ée,ils la gardent toute 1a nuit , l e lendemain

matin s’

eftan s afiembl ez au fon de la voix du Pere

qui l es appelle a la M eife : vn des plus confiderabl es

entre l es Chreftiens pr ia tout l o monde indi fferem

ment de fe [4 1 ] trouuer a l'

Egl i fe, auffi bien les i nfi

delles que les bapti fez , pour o ii yr vn mot d’

im por

tance qu ’il auo i t a leur dire . 11 y auo i t pour lors aT adouffa c 6 . on 7 . nations differentes qui fe tr ouuerent dedans ou proche de la Chappelle : alors cet

homme zele fe leua au milieu de l ’a ffem bl ée tint

c c di fcours . Ie crains fort , dit-i l , que l e peuple de

T adouffa c no fo i t point faune; i e voy que c’efi vn

peuple trop m efch an t , que in i ques icy apres tat

de fautes qu’il a fait , i l n’a donné aucun ou fort peu

de tefm o i gn ages de fon am andem ét, Tenez , r egar

dez , voila comme la terre eft faite , di fo i t-11, mon

ftran t fa main fermée , la terre eft ronde cOm e'

mon

poin : elle eft par tout habitée a cc qu 'on nous dit , 8cn

y a prefque point de lieux 011 11 n’

y ait des fidel l es

qui croyen t fortement en Dieu . I l n’

y a que ce bout

dumonde , o ii l’on trouue bien peu de Ch refti en s ,

en cor ceux qui font profeffion de l’e i’tre font {1 foi

bles dans la foy , que l e Demon a bon marché d’eux

quand i l les attaque . Les Francois qui croyen t en

Dieu font comme vn e forte muraille , le Diable trouue

de la refiftan ce quand i l s’

en approche : mais ceux de

T adouffa c font comme ce m efch an t [42] drap percé

(c’

efto i t vn vieil drap qui feruo i t de courtine a l ’Egl i fefaute de quelque autre chofe meilleure) nous fomm es

di fo i t-11 comme ce drap troué , l e Demon paff e tout

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1642—45 ] RELA T1ON OF 1 644—45

imitation of the holy Penitents of whom they hadheard . They at once made a great discipline ofheavy cords , full of large knots , which they tied tothe end of a stick , to serve as a handle . They keptit all night , and on the following day , when theyassembled at the sound of the Father ’s voice callingthem to Mass , one of the leading Christians beggedevery one , without distinction , [4 1 ] both the infidel sand the baptized ,— to go to the Church to hear something o f importance that he had to tell them . Therewere at the time at Tadoussac 6 or 7 diff erent tribeswho were in or near the Chapel . Then this zealous

man stood up in the middle of the assembly , andspoke as follows : I greatly fear,

” he said ,“that

the people of Tadoussac will not be saved ; I see thatthey are too wicked a people , and that , after committing so many Offenses , they have as yet manifestedbut few , if any , signs of improvement . Here , look ,

see how the earth is made ,” he said , showing his

closed hand ; the earth i s round , like my fist ; itis everywhere inhabited , we are told , and there ishardly a place where there are not faithful ones whofirmly believe in God . It is only at this end of theworld that there are very few Christians ; and eventhose who profess to be such are so weak in the faith ,that the Devil easily overcomes them when he attacksthem . The French who believe in God are like a

strong wall ; the Devil meets with resistance whenhe approaches it . But those of Tadoussac are like

that shabby , [42] torn cloth (this was an Ol d cloththat served as curtain in the Church , for want of

something better) .“ We are ,

” said he , like thatcloth

,full of holes ; the Devil passes through our

hearts as my finger passes through that hole . That

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194 LE S R ELA TION S D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL. 27

au trauer s de nos coeurs , comme mon doigt fait au

trauers de ce trou . Ce malin efpr i t fait de nous ce

qu’il veut , pour moy ie crains fort qu’il n e m ’

a r refte

en chemin qu’il n e m’

attrappe au milieu de m a

cour fe . Que fi i am a i s i e vay au Ciel , l e Per e qui

nous en feigne y fera fi haut qu’a peine l e pourray -je

voir ; car que fa i fon s nous pour y aller . Or fus , ie

defire m on itr er plus de courage dorefn auan t , ie veux

fa ti sfa i re pour mes fautes marcher droit l e re ite

de mes i ours : la-deffus i l tire cette grande di fc ipl i n e

qu’il ca ch o it deffous fa robbe la m on ftr an t a toute

l'

a ffem bl ée efleuan t l e ton de fa voix , ce n’eft pas

1a l e feu d Enfer que i ’ay m er i té, di fo i t - 11, ce n' eft

qu’

vn e petite paille en com pa ra i fon de cc qu ’on

fouffre la-bas dans la demeur e des Demons . Quand

on m ettr o i t mon corps en fang auec ce fo ii et qu ’on

defch i rero i t ma chair de coups , ie n e cro i ro i s pas

pour tant auo i r payé mes debtes fati sfa it a la iufti cede Dieu ; mais i e fcay qu

’il eft i nfin im en t [43] bonqu ’il fait m i fer i corde a ceux qui luy demandentpardon de coeur . Tenez , dit- i l , au Capitaine , voila

la di fc ipl in e que i e vous mets entre les mains m es

efpaul es nues que ie vous prefen te, frappez n e

m’

épargn ez point . Le Capitaine obeyt fur l’heure a

fa parole,luy defch a rge fur l e dos vn e grefle de

coups , ce penitent demande humblement pardon aDieu de fes fautes pendant qu’on l e flagel l e, fe

iette par terr e pour la ba i fer , fe rel eua n t i nui te

tous les Ch refti en s a fuiure fon exemple , i l cr ie ,venez tant que vous eftes de coupables

,venez vous

prefen ter deua n t l’

Autel , venez fatis - faire a la iufti cede Dieu . On n e di fputa point qui pa ffero i t l e pre

mier , les plus proches furent les premiers , chacun

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196 L E S R E LA TION S D E S j ES U f TE S [VOL. 27

s’

appr oqh a fil a fil pour faire fa penitence , chacun

determina de ce qu ’il voul o i t donner de ce qu’il

voul o i t receuo i r ; les vn s dem ando i en t qu’

on leur

donnait vingt coups , les autres dix , les autres plus ,les autres moins . Le Pere qui efto i t fur l e point de

cel ebrer la Meffe fut furpr i s a la vene de cette nou

uel l e deuoti on ,qu’il n ’

attendo i t pas d’

vn peuple qui

n e fca i t encore ce que c’

eft que de [44] fouffr i r pour

Dieu . Il n e la voulut pas interrompre fur l ’heure de

peur de s’

oppofer aux m ouuem en s du fa i n ct Efpr i t ;

mais feulement i l prit garde qu ’elle n e pa ffa ft les

termes de la prudence qu ’il n ’

y eut point d’

ex c ez .

La penitence fut fi’

generale , que l es innocens y

voulurent auo i r par t auffi bien que les coupables , les

en fan s m efm es n y furent point efpargn ez , les peres

l es meres les fa i fo i en t approcher de l ’Autel , les

dépo i i i l l o i en t de leurs petites robbes , pr i o i en t celuy

qui ten o i t l e foue'

t en main de les ch a fti er a di fcreti onfelon leur aage leurs forces ; a l l egan t que ce chatti

ment efto i t deha deu a leur defobeyffa n ce . Ces

pauures victimes s’

y en a l l o ien t de bon coeur fe met

to i en t a gen oui‘

l deuan t l’

Autel , i o ign o ien t les mains

receuo ien t fans branler fans i etter vn e petite

larme , les coups de foue'

t qu’on defch a rgeo i t douce

ment fur leur s chairs innocentes . Il fe trouua m efm e

des meres qui ch afi i eren t de leurs Ch appel ets a gui fede di fc ipl in e leur s petits en fan s qui pendo ien t encore

a la mamelle . Vn bon vieillard Ch reftien qui ven o i t

defl’

h abi ta ti on de faint Iofeph , n e fa i fo i t que [4 5]d

a rr iuer a T adouffa c , fe tronna fort a propos a cettefa ihte Cerem on i e , 11 en fut fi fort touché qu ’il cr ia

tout haut qu ’il efto i t pecheur 8c qu ’il voul o i t faire

penitence auec les autres ; i l s’

auan ce en di fan t ces

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1642—45 ] R ELA TION OF 1 644—45

penance ; each one decided what he wished to give

and what he wished to receive . Some asked to begiven twenty blows , others ten ,— some more , some

less . The Father , who was about to say Mass , wassurpr ised at the sight of this new devotion

,which he

did n ot expect from a people who know n ot yet w hatit is to [44] suff er for God . He did n ot w ish to interrupt i t at once , for fear of opposing th e workings ofth e h o lv Ghost . He mer ely took car e that it did n ot

go beyond the bounds of prudence,and that there

were no excesses . The penance w a s so general , thatthe innocent wished to shar e it with theguilty . Eventhe children wer e not spared ; their fathers andmothers made them approach the Altar

,took ofl? their

little garm ents , and begged him who held th e whipto chastise them a t his discretion , in proportion totheir age and strength ,

— alleging that this chastisement w a s alr eady due to their disobedience . Thesepoor victims w ent ther e cheer fully ; they knelt befor e th e Altar , clasped their hands , and , without

shr inking or shedding one little tear , they received

th e blow s fr om the w hip , which w ere gently dcliv

ered on their innocent flesh . Some Of the motherseven struck with their R osar ies , in the manner of

th e discipline , their little children still at th e br east .

A good old man — a Chr istian , who came from th e

settlement Of saint Joseph and who had only just

[4 5 ] ar rived at Tadoussac— happened , very Oppor

tun el y , to be present a t this holy Cer emony . He

w a s so touched by it that he cried out aloud that he

w a s a sinner and wished to do penance with theother s . He came forward , as he uttered these words ,prostrated himself on the ground , presented his bare

shoulder s , and received at once what he fervently

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198 LE S RELA TIONS D E S jES U I TE S [VOL. 27

paroles , fe pro ftern e en terre , prefen te fes efpaul es

nues,

reco i t a l’

in fta n t cc qu’il dem ando i t auec fer

ueur . Le lendemain i l s ’en retourne dans fon canot

a Sillery d’

o ii i l efto i t party . Enfin celuy qui atten

dit l e dernier fut l e mieux payé : cc fut tout a defi einqu’il l a i ffa paffer les autres deuan t luy , qu ’il choi

fit l e dernier rang , afin de faire fa penitence plus afon a i fe auec plus de con fufion . C

efi a moy , dit

ce braue champion de 1 E S V S C H R I S T ,c

eft a moya payer a mon tour , i e fuis l e plus m efch a n t, i l faut

que i e fois plus ch a ftié que les autres , i e fuis l e plus

criminel ie veux eftre l e plus m ocqué. Frappez fur

moy hardiment , dit- i l a celuy qui ten o i t la di fc ipl i n e,

tandis que i e me pourm en eray dans l’

Egl i fe pour

boir e la con fufion pour eftre l ’opprobre dumonde ;auffi -toft di t auffi - toft fait , i l fe prom en e l e mieux

qu’il peut par la Chappelle , l’autre l e fuit toufiours

[46] frappant flagel l an t , a chaque coup qu’on luy

don n o i t i l di fo i t des paroles qui fa i fo i en t quafi fondre

en larmes toute l ’a ffiftan ce . Ie vous fuppl ie ,Sei

gn eur , que c c que i e fens maintenant fur ma chair

par l es coups de fo ii et que i e fens,effacent l es pech ez

que i’

ay efc ry mal a pr opos fur vo ftre liure . Sei

gn eur , ayez pitié de ce panur e homm e , di fo i t- i l vn eautrefois , qui a m er i té l

En fer , qui vous demande

pardon . Ie vous abandonne mon corps m on ame

vous promets de vous e i tre plus fidel l e a l ’aduen i rmoyennant vo ftre grace . Cette flagel l a ti on euft efté

trop longue fi l e Per e n ’

y euft m i s fin,qui les con fo l a

les voyant dans cet efta t de penitence,les a ffeura

du pardon de leurs fautes fi leurs coeurs refpondo ien ta leur s parolles a leurs actions; ils les aduerti t

qu’

i l s n’

euffen t plus a fair e de penitence publique

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200 LE S R ELA TION S D E S j ES U /TE S [VOL . 27

fans l e con fei l de leurs Con feffeurs . La c on c lufion

fut qu’il fa i l l o i t mieux viure , m on ftrer plus de

courage a combattre l e vice dorefn aua n t , la-deffus

on pendit la di fc i pl in e a vn clou de la Chappelle , pourauer ti r qu ’elle efto i t-la , pour [47] ch a fti er publiquement ceux qui fero i en t quelque fcanda l e public .

Quatre ou cinq ieunes gens s ’en efto ien t allez a lachaffe -8c n e s

efto ien t pas trouuez a cette publiquefati sfacti on generale , ils n e furent pas fi - toft de

retour qu ’on les i nui ta de fair e comme l es autres ,puis qu

i l s eito ien t coupables . I l s n e fe firen t pas

tirer l ’orei l l e ,i l s fe prefen teren t tous au commence

ment de la Meffe, 8e fa ti sfiren t au contentement a

l’

edificati on de tous l es Ch ref’cien s .

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1642- 45 ] R ELA TION OF 1 644—45

mor e courage in fighting against vice , in future ; andthereupon the discipline was hung up on a nail in

the Chapel,as a warning that it was ther e to [47]

chastise publicly those who should be guilty of any

public scandal .Four or five young men had gone out hunting , and

were not present at this public and general atonement . NO sooner had they returned when they wereasked to do as the others had done , since they alsowere guilty . They did not hesitate ; but all presentedthemselves at the beginning of Mass , and made theiratonement to the satisfaction and edifica ti on of allth e Christians .

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202 LE S RELA TIONS D E S j ES U /TE S [VOL. 27

[48] CHAPITR E VI .

DE L’

H YU ER NEM ENT D’

VN PER E AU EC LES SAU

UAGES .

NE bonne efco ii ade de Sauuages Ch refti ens fe

di fpofan s pour leur grande chaffe pour faire

leur prouifion de chairs d’

El a n , me pr i eren t

de leur donner vn Pere de n oftre Compagnie qui les

accompagnait , ils apporto i en t pour ra i fon que l es Iro

quo i s les pour fuiuan s par tout , ils efto i en t contraints

de s ’

eflo ign er de plufieur s i ourn ées de la m a i fon de

pr ier es , que dans leur fejour de plufieur s mois , ils

fouh a i tto ien t ardemment d’

auo i r quel qu’

vn auec eux

qui leur pfit adm in i ftrer les Sa crem en s leur en fei

gn er l o chemin du Ciel . Le P . Gabriel D rui l l etes

leur fut accordé , i l fut bien-toft equippé, tout fon

bagage efto i t r enfermé dans vn e petite ca i ffe ou dans

vn petit coffret qui n e con ten o it que les orn em en s

n eceffa i res pour dire la fa i n te Meffe ; l e voila chargé

de tous fes meubles [49] d’

vn e bonne refo luti on de

bien fouff r i r , car quiconque s’

em ba rque auc o ces peu

ples n e fera i am a i s logé dans tout fon voyage qu’al’

en fei gn e de la Croix ; i l eut pour compagnon vn

ienne Francois qui n e luy pouuo i t donner autre

con fo l a ti on que de le ferui r a l ’Autel ; comme l e grosdes Saunages auo i en t pris l e deuan t

,deux ieun es

hommes l ’en l eueren t dans vn petit batteau d’

écor fe,

l e porteren t en peu de i ours ils s’

efto ien t donné

l e rendez vous .

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204 LES RELA TIONS D E S [ ES HI TES [VOL. 27

Aufli -toft que ce canot parut chacun accourt fur les

r iues du gran d fleuue, c’

c i t a qui tefm o ignera plus

de ioye de la venue du Pere , on l e careffe non a lamode de la Cour , mais a la mode de la fin cer i téde la fran ch i fe . Noel Negabam at que ces bons

Neophytes ont cho ifi pour l eur Capita ine , haranguapubliquement , declarant d

vn e voix haute forte les

fujets qui auo ien t amené l e Pere , les befo in s qu’

i l s

en auo ien t , les biens qu’

i l s pouuo ient recueillir de fa

prefen ce de fa conuer fa ti on , l es obligations qu’

i l s

luy auo ien t de s’

eftre voulu rendre compagnon de

leu[r]s grands trauaux pour les i n ftrui re : bref i l

ex h orto i t tous fes ges auec [50] vn e grande ferueur derendre toute forte d’

obeyifan ce de refpeét aux

vo l on tez de leur Pere .

Tous ceux qui deuo i en t marcher de compagnie

eftan s raflem bl és on l eue l e camp , on met toutes les

m a i fon s en rouleaux , c’efi a dire qu ’on plie l es écor

ces qui com pofen t les ba ftim ens, on quitte les bords

de la grande r iuiere l e pai‘

s des po i iIon s , pourentrer dans la region des Elans , des cerfs , des ca ftorsdes autres animaux , aufquel s ils a l l o ien t declarer

la guerre . Ie n e pa r l eray point de leur facon de

camper ny de leur s armes ny de leurs chariots de

bagages qui n e font autres que leurs dos ou des trai

neaux de bois fort legers , quand la terre eft couuerte

de neige . Ie n o pa r l eray non plus de diuer fes fortes

de be i tes qu’

i l s rencontrent dans l eurs grandes forefts ,ny leurs couftum es ou de leurs facon s de faire , tout

cela eft décrit dans les R elations precedentes, i e tra

ceray feulement vn petit crayon de la piete de la

deuoti on que ces bons Neophytes exercent dans leursgrands bois .

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1642—45 ] RELA TION OF 1 644 -45

As soon as the canoe appeared , all hastened to the

banks of the great river,and vied with one another

in expressing their joy at the arrival of the Father .

He was welcomed , not in the fashion of the Cour t ,but with sincerity and frankness . Noel Negabam a t ,

whom these good Neophytes have chosen for their

Captain , delivered a public harangue , declaring in a

loud and strong voice the reasons that had broughtthe Father ther e ; the need that they had of him ;

the benefits that they might derive from his presence

and conversation ; the Obligations that they owed himfor having consented to become their companion intheir great labors , in order to instruct them . In a

word,he exhorted all his people with [ 50] great fer

vor to show every Obedience and respect to the wishes

o f their Father .

When all who were to travel together were as

s embled , the camp was broken ; all the houses wererolled up— that is to say, the bark of which thesebuildings are made was folded up ; they quitted thebanks of th e great river , or the fish country , to enter

the region of Elk , of deer , of beaver , and Of other

a nimals , against which they were proceeding to wage

war . I will not speak of their mode of camping , orof their weapons , or of their baggage ,— wagons ,which are no other than their own backs , or verylight wooden sleds when th e ground i s covered withsnow . Neither will I speak of the var ious kinds ofbeasts that they find in their great for ests , o r of theircustoms , or of their methods of doing things ; allthese have been described in the preceding R elations . I will merely give a slight sketch of the piety

and devotion practiced by these good Neophytes in

their great forests .

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206 LE S RELA TIONS D E S j ES U /TE S [VOL . 27

On n o m anquo i t i am a i s tous les fo i rs tous les

matins de faire les prieres en [5 1 ] public dans vn ecabane deftinée a cet effet . Les peres les meres y

am en o i en t leurs en fan s aufquel s on donn o i t vn e

petite in ftruction qui l es con fo l l oi t m eruei l l eufem en t .

Quelques-vn s plus feruen s déroboient de leur fommeil pour l e donner a Dieu , fe l euan t plutoft ou fecouchant plus tard que les autres pour s

en treten i r

auec luy dans leurs prieres .Les hommes dem ando ien t au Pere fa benediction

deuan t que de forti r de la cabane pour aller a leurchaffe , les femmes en fa i fo ien t autant deuan t que des’

engager dans leur traua i l , les vn s l es autres

rem erc i o ien t noftre Seigneur a leur retour de lesauo i r afii ftez , ceux-la m efm e qui retourn o ien t fans

auoi r rien pris ben i ifo ien t Dieu d’

aufii hon - coeur,

comme s ’ils euifen t fait vn tres-heureux rencontre .

Lors qu’il n’

y auo i t plus de chaffe en quelques

endroits qu’

i l s decaban o i en t pour porter plus auan tdans ces grandes forefts leurs paui l l on s d

écorces , l e

Pere efleuo i t vn Crucifix , tout l e monde fe m etto i t agenoux , iettan s l es yeux fur cette image de vi e,ils ch a n to i en t auec vn e deuoti on toute fim pl e touter aui iIan te, [ 52] l es Litanies des attributs de Dieu ,

ils

pr i o ien t leur Sauueur d’

eftre leur guide leur con

ducteur , leur force dans les fatigues qu’

i l s a l l o ien t

prendre auec amour fa ti sfaétion de leurs pech ez ,cela fait chacun fe m etto i t en chemin portan s ou

tra i fn an s tout l ’atti ra l de leur camp . Sur l e midyl e Capitaine fa i fo i t fair e alte pour prendre vn petit

de repos pour reparer fes forces dans vne hoftel erie couuerte de la voute du Ciel , abbri ée de deux outrois million s d ’

arbres , Oil les fieges n e font que dela neige , oh la bo i r n n e c oufte qu ’a prendre dans vn

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208 LE S RELA TIONS D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL. 27

rui ffeau apres qu ' on en a fendu la glace , ou bien a

pui fer dans vne chaudiere en laquelle on fait fondre

de la neige,

pour tout partage pour tous metsvous n

auez qu’

vn morceau de boucan fans pain ,

quafi aufli dur que du bois auffi infipi de que de la

fil a ce. Apres tout la ioye le contentement s’

y ren

contre , 8c ces bonnes gens font mille fois plus fatisfaits que ces bouches delicates qui ont plus d

amer

tum es de l ’ex cez d’

vu grain de fel , que de pl a ifir de

la del i cateffe des mets les plus friands . Enfin on

fort de ces h ofteler ies fans mettre la main 2. la bour ce,

[5 3] tout y eft dans la fra n ch i fe du premier fiec l e.

Mais pour reprendre n o ftre route qua nd l e Soleil

approche de fon declin on s’

arrefte au lieu l o plusauan tageux qu

' on rencontre pour camper , la place

ch o i fie, chacun met bas fon fardeau , on quitte fatra i fn e, fe mettant a genoux on remercie Dieu defes bon tez d

auo i r con ferué toute la bande , puison dreffe l o ba ftim en t Oil on doit loger, qui en deux

ou trois heures eft m i s en fa perfection .

Le Pere a celebré la fa in te Meffe quafi tous les

i ours , fi quel qu'

vn preuoyo i t qu’il n '

y peuft afli fter

fi matin , i l l e ven o it prier de retarder vn petit ,l’

a iIeuran t qu’il fe prefier o i t dans fon ouurage.

Les Feftes les Dimanches efto ien t gardées tr es

fa in ctem en t , ces bons Neophytes fe con feffo ien t

fe com mun i o ien t auec vn e ioye incomparable,admi

rans l ’ex cez des bon tez de celuy qui n o deda ign o i t

pas la ba ffeffe de leurs huttes de leurs cabanes .Les Sauuages ont vne deuoti on particuliere a la

nuit qui fut éclairée de la [54] n a i ffan ce du Fils deDieu , i l n

y eut pas vn d’eux qui n e voulut i efin er

l e i our qui la precede . Ils bafti ren t vn e petite

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1 642—45 ] RELA TION OF 1 644—45

melted ; where for your share , and for all viands , you

have but a piece of smoked meat without bread ,almost as hard as wood and a s insipid as tow . Afterall , j oy and content are found there ; and these good

people are a thousand times more easily satisfied thanthose dainty mouths that find more bitterness in th e

excess of a single grain of salt than they find pleasure in the delicacy of the choicest vi ands . Finally ,one quits these hostelr ies without putting his handinto h i s purse ; [5 3] everything ther e i s a s fr ee a s inthe first age of the w or ld .

But , to resume our route : when th e Sun approachesi ts decline , they stop at the most suitable place theyfind for camping . When the spot i s chosen , eachone lays down his burden , or quits his sled , and,kneeling down , they thank God for his goodness andfor having preserved the w hole band . Then theyput up the buildings in which they are to dwell andwhich are completed in tw o or three hours .The Father said holy Mass nearly every day ; and ,

if any one foresaw that he would be unable to atten d

so ear ly , he would come and ask him to delay it alittle

,assur ing him that he would hasten his work .

The Festivals and Sundays were observed in a

most holy manner . These good Neophytes confessedand r eceived communion with matchless joy , adm i r

ing th e excessive goodness of him w h o did n ot

disdain the lowliness of their huts and cabins .

The Savages have a particular devotion for thenight that was enlightened by the [54] bir th of the

Son of God . Ther e w a s not one who r efused to faston the day that preceded it . They built a smallChapel of Cedar and fir branches in honor of the

manger of th e infant J E S U S ; they wished to per form

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210 LES RELA TIONS D E S j ES U/TE S [VOL . 27

Chappelle de branches de Cedre de i apiu en l ’h on

eur de la c rei che dupetit I E SV s ; ils voulurent faire

quelques penitences pour fe mieux di fpo fer a l e r ece

n oir dans leurs coeurs en ce i our fa cré, ceux-1a

m efm e qui efto i en t eflo ign ez de plus de deux i our

nées fe trouueren t a point nommé pour chanter desCantiques en l ’h on n eur de l 'En fan t n ouueau né ,pour s

appr ocher de l a table onLi l a voulu e i tre l e

mets adorable : ny l’

in comm odi té de la neige , ny la

rigueur des froids n e pht eftouffer l’

a rdeur de leur

deuoti on , cette petite Chappelle leur fem bl o i t vn petit

Paradis .

Ils pr ieren t l e Pere de faire pour leur con fo l a ti on

pour leur i n ftructi on dans leurs Ch appel l es volantes ,tout cc que nous fa i fon s dans nos Egl i fes fixes 8:

a rreftées , leur dor mant des cendres ben i ftes l e premier

i our de Ca refm e; ils auo i en t l e coeur la bouche

pleins de tres-bons fen tim en s de piete; ils reco iuen tles Ceremonies dans vn e fi gr ande droiture dans vue

fi grande fim pl i c ité, [ 5 5 ] comme des gens qui croient

que tout l e monde en goufte les bons effets . Ils

porto ien t des r ameaux comme des palmes de vi éto i re

tout remplis de ioye des triomphes de I E S V S

C H R I S T en fon en tree dans la ville de Ierufa l em .

Ayant veu cel ebrer a Kebec la fe ite du grand faint

Io feph , patron de toute la Nouuel l e France, auec des

feux de ioye , i l s voulurent luy rendre cét honneur ,l e cedre ny les autres bois n e leurs pouuo ien t man

quer dans ces grandes forefts .

Sca chan s que 1 E S V S C H R I sT s’

efto i t prem iere

ment donné aux hommes fous les efpeces de pain

de vin l o i our qui precedo i t fa mort , i l s tefm o igne

rent de grands fen tim en s de fon amour,apres luy

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212 LE S RELA TION S D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL. 27

auo i r rendu mille actions de graces ils luy demande

rent tres-humblement pardon tous en fem bl e de ce

qu’

i l s n’

auo ien t pas rendu tous les deuo i rs de refpect

d’

hon neur a cette adorable victime 2. cc diuin

Sacrifice .

Ils firen t vue action l e Vendredy Sa in ct la plus

gen ereufe qu’on pouuo i t quah attendre d

vn Sauuage,

apres auo i r adoré la Croix qu’

i l s firen t repofer fur

vn e belle robbe de ca ftor eftendue‘

en forme de tapis ,

[56] fe fouuen an s que cet aimable Sauueur auo i t prié

pour ceux qui l e m etto ien t en Croix ; ils luy ad

drefleren t cette petite Ora i fon du profond de leur

coeur , pa r l a n s pour ceux qui les bruflen t , qui les

rofti ffen t qui les mangent . Seigneur , pardonnez aceux qui nous pour fuiuen t auec tant de fureur , qui

nous font mourir auec tant de rages , ouur ez leurs

yeux ils n e voyen t goutte , faites qu’

i l s vous con n o i f

fent qu’

i l s vous aym en t , alors eftan s vos amysils feront les n o ftr es nous ferons tous vos en fan s

i e n e doute point que tous ces bons fen tim en s n’

ayen t

beaucoup contribué a la paix dont ils i o ii i ffen t maintenant . L

'

hyuer fe paffa dans ces couri es a ffez

innocentes dans ces exercices de piete. Si -toft

que la chaleur du Printemps comm enca d’

am o l l i r l es

neiges , ils retourn eren t vers les rines du grand fleuueo ii ils auo ient l a i ffé leurs canots leurs ch a l ouppes .

La premiere action qu’

i l s firen t fortan s de ces forefts ,fut de charpenter comme ils pfiren t vne grande Croix ,l es Capitaines y mirent la main l es beaux premiers ,la voulurent eux -m efm es porter fur leurs efpaul es

iufques en vn lieu fort eminent [5 7] o il ils la planteren t : fi toft qu ’elle fut arborée

,ils adoreren t en ce

bois fa cré cel uy qui l’

auo it fan étifié pa r fa mort , l e

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1642- 45 ] RELA TION OF 1 644-

45

On Good Friday , they performed th e most generous act that could be expected fr om a Savage . After

having ador ed the Cross,which they laid upon a

fine beaver robe , spread out like a carpet , [ 56] theyr emembered that the amiable Savior had prayed forthose w h o had placed him on the Cross ; and theysaid this short Prayer to him from th e depth of their

hearts , speaking of those who burn ,roast , and eat

them . Lord , forgive those who pur sue us withsuch fury , w h o put us to death so cruelly . Opentheir eyes , for they see not . Make them know andlove you ; and then , when they are your friends , theywi ll be our s , and w e shall all be your children . I

have no doubt that these good sentiments contr ibutedin a great measure toward Obtaining th e peace thatthey now enjoy . The winter passed in these innocent excur sions and these pious ex er cises . As soonas th e warmth of th e Spring began to thaw the snow

,

they returned to th e banks of th e great river , wher ethey had left their canoes and shallops . The fir st

thing that they did , on issuing from the for est , wasto frame a great Cross , as best they could . TheCaptains wer e the fir st to lend a hand , and theywished to car ry it themselves on their shoulders to a

very conspicuous place , [5 7] where they planted i t .

As soon as it was er ected , they adored in that sacred

wood him who had sanctified i t by h i s death , andoffered it to h i s Father in thanksgiving for havingpr eserved them all thr oughout th e winter . Theywent now and then to kneel befor e that divine stand

a rd,and to say their simple prayers in such words

a s these : Lord , we wish to show you by this rood ,which we have erected in your honor , that you are

the Master of these great forests ; that you r eign.

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214 LE S R ELA TI ON S D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL . 27

prefen teren t a fon Pere en action de graces de ce

qu’il l es auo i t tous con feruez pendant l’

hyuer . I l s

a l l o ien t par fois flech i r le gen oui l deuan t ce dinin

eftenda rt fa i fan s leurs petites prieres en ces termes ;

S eigneur , nous defiron s témoigner par ce bois que

nous anons erige en vo ftre honneur , que vous eftes l e

M a i ftre de ces grandes forefts , que vous regn ez fur la

mer fur la terre par l e m er i te de voftre Croix ,que par vos fouffran ces vous anez payé n os debtes

effacé n os o ffen fes .

Voila des fubiets d’

vn e grande con fo l ati on aumi

lieu de la Barbarie,mais certes i l faut a ch epter ces

pl a ifirs de l’

efpr it auec de grandes fatigues du corps ,coucher fur la belle terre tapi ffée de quelques

branches de i apiu , n’

auo i r entre la tefte la neige

qu’

vn e écorce épa i ffe d’

vn tefton , viure autant parm yles chiens que pa rm y les hommes : car tout eft pefle

m ele dans leurs cabanes , iefin er par fois les Dimanches plus r igoureufem en t que l e Vendredy fa i n ét ,

n’

auo i r pour bo i ffon [5 8] que celle qui eft commune

aux animaux l es plus del a i ffez de la terre , n e man

ger pour l’

ordi n a i re que des viandes qui n e font pastant viure qu’e l les em pefch en t de mourir , n

auo i r

pour cuifin ier que la fa l eté, compagne i n fepa rabl e

de leur extreme pauureté, fouffr i r les gauffer i es les

mépris de ceux qui n e font pas bapti fez , des en fan s

qui n e voyant en vn Francois aucune perfection de

Saunages n e pouua n t en cor recon n o i itre l es vertus

d’

vn genereux Ch reftien , m épr i fe audernier point ceux

qui n e font pa s bons mulets de charge . La Ph i l ofophie 8c la Theologie n

on t point de cours dans cesgrands arbres , les jambes des cerfs l es forces des

boeufs tiennent les premiers rangs pa rm y ces peuples .

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216 LES RELA TIONS D E S j ES U/TE S [VOL. 27

Tout cela auec quelques Baptefm es que l e Pere a

fait au milieu des bois , a ffa i fonné de la piete des

bons Neophytes dOt ie viens de parler , a donné du

contentement a vn homme amateur des fouffr an ces ,mais la fumée a efté fa plus grande Croix , ce demy

E lement ou cc mixte imparfait qui retient l’

a rdeur

du feu ,la malignité d’

vn air em pefté deffei cha fi

bien les yeux de cc panure Pere qu’

il en deuin t [59]aueugl e, au commencement i l n e voyo i t qu

vn e con

fufi on d’

objets, fans rien di ftinguer en particulier,fi bien que voulant forti r hors de la Cabane i l pa ffo i t

quelques- fois au trauers du feu placé au beau milieu

de ces tan ieres : d’

autre-fois i l trefbuch o i t aux pieds

de quelques-vn s , appreftan t a rire a ceux-la m efm e

qui luy porto ien t com pa ffion . Enfin i l perdit en ti erement la vene, en forte qu

' il ne fe pouuo i t plus condui re. Les Saunages furpr i s de cet accident voyant

qu’

outre la perte de fes yeux , i l fouffro i t vn e fi

eftr ange douleur qu’il en perdo i t les forces , con ful te

rent entre-eux s ’ils n e l ’enue10ppero ien t point comme

vn paquet , pour l’

atta ch er fur leurs tra i fn ées l e

tirer comme l e refte de leur bagage : Le Pere les

entendant fe mit a rire les a ffeura que s’ils luy

voul o ien t donner vn guide qu ’il auo i t en c or a ffez de

vigueur pour l es fuiure, i l s luy donnent vn enfant

auquel l e panure Pere Obei'

ffo i t comme vn efco l i er afon precepteur . Ce n’eft pas tout

, i l s firen t vn e

a ffem bl ée fur fa maladie , dont l o reful ta t fut que s’

i l

fe voul o i t a ifuietti r a leurs remedes qu’il pourro i t

guer i r ; ce bon Pere n e refpiran t que l’

abandon leur

[60] obei t ver itabl em en t a l ’aueugl e,la-deflus vue

femme c itant cho ifie pour faire cette cure, fe leua do

fa place luy dit fors [de] la Cabane , mon Pere

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1642—45 ] R ELA TION OF 1 644 —45

tainted air , so completely dried up the eyes of the

poor Father that he became [ 59] blind . At thebeginning , he could see objects only confusedly ,without being able to distinguish anything in detail ,so that , when he wished to go out of the Cabin , hesometimes walked through the fire , which is placedin the very center of these dens . At other times , hestumbled over the feet of some , exciting merrimentin those even who had compassion on him . Finally ,

he lost his sight completely , so that he could nolonger guide his steps . The Savages were surprised

a t this accident when they saw that , in addition tothe loss of his sight , he suff ered such pain that his

strength failed him . They consulted among themselves whether they should not wrap him up like aparcel

,tie him on their sleds , and haul him like the

rest of their baggage . When the Father heard them ,

he began to laugh , and assured them that , if theywould give him a guide , he had still enough strengthto follow them . They gave him a child , whom thepoor Father obeyed as a pupil does his teacher . Thatis not all . They held an assembly concern ing hisdisease

,the result of which was that , if he would sub

mit to their r emedies , he might be cured . The goodFather

,breathing only renunciation , [60] in truth

blindly obeyed them . Thereupon a woman who was

selected to effect the cure , rose from her place and

said to him : Go out of the Cabin , my Father ; openthine eyes

,and look at the Sky .

” The poor blindman obeyed without a word . When he had assumedthe attitude r equired , this fine oculist armed with a

bit Of knife blade , or of rusty iron , scraped his eyes

till a little humor flowed from them . Never had thepoor Father suffered so much . The hand of the

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218 LE S RELA TION S D E S j ES U/TE S [VOL . 27

ouure les yeux , regarde l s Ciel , cc pauure aueugl e

obeyt fans replique , eftan t donc en la po iture qu’on

l e dem ando i t, cette belle o cul i fte armée d’

vn mor

cean de canif ou de fer tout ro ii i l l é, luy racle les

yeux,en forte qu ' elle en fit tomber vne petite hu

meur, i am a i s cc pauure Pere n e fouffr it tant , la main

de cette operatrice n ’

efto i t pa s f1 legere qu’

vn e plume ,elle n ’

auo i t non plus de dex ter i té que de fc ien ce.

Enfin le malade eftan t defefperé de ces bran esM edecin s , qui auo ien t plus de bonne volon té qued

ex peri en ce que d’

i nduftr ie ; s’

addreife a celuy quiluy auo i t donné les yeux , l e prie de les luy rendrevn e autre fois fl c

eft pour fa gloire ; i l conuie les

Saunages de faire la m efm e demande en cas que favene leur put ei tre profitable , i l s s

aflembl en t tous

au lieu deftiné pour faire leurs prieres , ils prennentla fa in te Vierge pour leur Aduocate, l e malade i ca

chant par coeur l’

vn e des M effes qui fe di fen t en fon

honneur , la comm en ca , comme [6 1 ] s’il en it voulu

dire vne Meffe fei che, auec vn e grande confian ce que

l o Pere des lum ieres luy don n eroi t quelque foulagement dans fon mal . Or fo i t que l e moment de fa

guer i fon fui t venu , ou que Dieu voulut exaucer l esprieres des en fan s en faneur de leur Pere par l

’inter

cefii on de leur Mere , quoy que c’en fo i t, vn rayon

brillant def fil l a tout a coup les yeux de cc pauure

aueugl e, luy rendit fi parfaitement l ’vfage de la

vene au milieu de la Meffe , qu’il n ’a reffen ty depuis

cc temps-la ny douleur ny incommodité , ny des

neiges ny de la fumée , apres plufieurs mois defouffran ces i l eft ren cun plain de fan té en n oftre mai

fon , bien i oyeux d’

auo i r efte quelque temps Sauuagepour l ’amour de I E SV S - C H R I S T .

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220 LE S RELA TIONS D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL . 27

[62] CHAPITR E VI I .

DE QU ELQU ES SU R PR ISES FAITES PAR LES IR OQU O IS .

7AYM ER OIS quafi autant e itre a ffiegé par des Ln

tins que par des Iroquois,les vn s n e font gueres

plus vifibl es que les autres , quand ils font eflo i

gn ez on les croit a nos portes , . lors qu’

i l s fe i etten t

fur leur proye on s’

im agin e qu’

i l s font en leur pays .

Ceux qui ont habité dans les forefts de R ichelieu

de Montreal ont efté rel euez renfermez plus eftr o i t

tem en t qu’ancun R eligieux , n y aucunes R el i gieufes

dans l es plus petits M on a fteres de la France . 11 eft

vray que ces Croates n’out point paru cette année a

Montreal , on n’

auo i t pas toutes- fois d’

a ifeuran ce

qu’

i l s en fuffen t beaucoup eflo i gn ez , Pour R ichelieu ,vo i cy comme ils s

en font approchez .

Le I 4 . Septembre de l’an pa ifé vn fo lda t traua i l

lant par diuerti ffem en t a la portée d’

vn m oufquet du

Fort , en vn petit champ [63] qu’il di fpofo i t pour y

planter du bled d ’inde , quatre ou cinq Iroquois for

tant d’

vn e embufcade fe iettent fur luy fans luy faire

aucun mal . Ce ienne homme aym an t mieux mourir

par l e fer que par le feu , fe lie fi fortement a vn e

fouche a quelques racines , que i am a i s ils n e purent

l’

en tirer , enragez de voir fa refiftan ce luy defch a rgent ie n e fcay combien de coups de haches d

’armesfur la tefte , voyan s qu

i l s efto ien t découuer ts du

Fort , qu’

on ti ro i t defia deIIus eux , ils quittent cc

pauure homme pen fan t l’

auo i r m a ffa cré, luy prenant

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1 642—45 ] R ELA TION OF 1 644—45

[62] CHAPTE R VII .

OF SOME SU R PR ISES BY TH E IR OQU OIS .

WOULD almost as soon be besieged by Goblinsa s by the Iroquois ; the latter are hardly morevisible than th e form er . When they a re far

away , we think th ey a re at our doors ; and when theyfling themselves on their pr ey , w e imagine that they

a re in their own country . The people who dwelt inthe forests of R ichelieu and of Montreal were broughtin and shut up mor e closely than any R eligi ous or any

Nun in the smallest Monaster ies of France . It i s truethat these Croats did n ot make their appearance atMontr eal this year

,but nevertheless there w a s no

assurance that they were very fa r away from there .

As regards R ichelieu , observe how they approached i t .

On th e i 4th of September of last year , a soldier

w a s w orking for amusement , at a distance of a m usket Shot from the For t , in a small field [63] that he

was tilling in order to plant indian corn therein , w henfour or five Ir oquois rushed from an ambush , andthrew themselves on him , without doing him anyharm . The young man , pr eferring to die by steelrather than by fire , clung so firmly to a stump and

to some roots , that they could not succeed in dragging him aw ay from these . Furious at h i s resistance

,

they discharged 1 know not how many blows from

their war hatchets upon his head ; and , finding

that they were observed from the Fort, and that

some shots were already being fired at them , they

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222 LE S RELA TIONS D E S jES U l TE S [VOL . 27

courage voulut s’

auan cer ver s l e Fort ; mais deux

Iroquois l ’apperceuan t tourn eren t vi fage, luy donnent

en co r deux grands coups d’

efpée au trauer s du corps ,fi la crainte d’

eftre furpr i s par les Francois n e les

eut fa ifi ,ils luy auro ien t couppé en l eué la peau de

la tefte an ec fa ch euelure qui eft l’

vn des grands

trophées des Saunages . On pen fo i t que cet homme

efto i t mort , l o Chirurgien accourut a r ref’ta fon fang

fort a propos, S

ex pofan t aux em bufcades des ennemis

qui ti ro ien t dedans l e bois : la premiere action que

fit ce bon ienne homme c itant r emis [64] pa rm y les

Francois , cc fut de demander vn Pere pour fe

con feffer , cela fait 11 fit fon teftam en t en faneur des

panur es , aufquel s i l don n o i t tout fon petit meuble .

Or i aco i t qu’il eut deux coups 2 la tefte , deux au bras

quatr e dans l e corps qu ’on iugeo i t tous mortels , i l

guer i t n ea n tm o in s fauor i fé de Dieu .

Quelque temps apres cette furpr i fe on en tendit

dans vn e Ifle vo ifin e des cris de ioye d’

a l legreife

redoublez par dix ou douze fois pour marque dunombre deS Hurons que l es Iroquois auo i en t pris

ou m a ffa crez vn peu plus haut que R ichelieu,ceux

qui refteren t de cette defa i te fe vindren t r efugier

vers les Francois . 11 y eut entre autres vn Huron

nommé Henry Aonkera ti qui nous a ffeura qu’il s’

efto i t

efch appé des mains des liens de fes ennemis,que

deux autresfo i s en cette m efm e année Dieu l ’auo i tcon ferué dans la déroute de fes gens .

Le fepti efm e de Nouem br e vn ienne homme quicomm ando i t aux ouur i ers du Fort

, eftan t forty feulpour tirer fur quelque gibier quafi a la porte de nosFrancois , fut enui r on n é des ennemis cachez dans des

broffa i l l es , fut mis 2 [6 5 ] mort tres-mal -heureufem en t .

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224 LE S RELA TIONS D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL . 27

Ils l e dépo ii i l l eren t tout nud luy en l eueren t la che

uelur e auec la peau de la te ite . Comme l ’on vit que

ce ieun e homme ta rdo i t, qu’on eut apper ceu deux

canots Iroquois fur la grande R iuiere : on creut qu’

i l s

l’

auro ien t furpr i s emmené vif auec eux ; on crie ,on l ’appelle par fon nom , point de r efpon fe; on tire

l e canon fur les coureurs : mais en vain , trois i ours

apres les Corbeaux croacan s a l’entour de fon corps

dOn eren t adui s du lieu o i1 i l efto i t , on y va , on l e

trouue eftédu fur la terre , tra n fpercé de coups d’ef

pee, trempé dans fon fang , defi a vn petit endom

mage du bec des o i feaux : la guerre des Sauuages

n ’eft non plus la guerre des Francois , que la guerre

des Pa r thes n’

efto i t point la guerre des R omains .

Les Peres qui efto i en t en cette habitation en terreren t

ce pauure homme , offrirent a Dieu pl ufieurs foisl e faint Sacrifice de la Meffe

,fuppl ea n s a la charité

qu’

auro i en t eu pour luy fes parens s’il efto it mort en

fon pays .

Le douzieme de Decembre la terre eftan t couuerte

d’

vn pied de neige , comme on n e pen fo i t quafi plus

a ces ch a ffeurs d’

h om m es , que l e froid fe fa i fo i t

[66] fen ti r , fept fo lda ts forti ren t pour aller querir du

bois de chauffage , ayant chargé leur tra i fn eau l e

tirant fur la neige , vn e bande de ces Lutins fe ietta

fur eux 2 l’

im proui fte ,les plus leites les moins

em ba ra ffez fe depr i ren t du cordage qu’

i l s auo i en t

en l a ffé dans leur corps pour tra i fn er leur charge,

fe fauueren t a la couri e dans leur retranchement :Gelny qui efto i t l e plus fortement 116 a n tra i fn eau

fut attrapé . Ces barbares luy don n eren t de grands

coups de leurs m a ffes armées d’

vn fer tr enchant,

l’ayant renuersé par terre luy c oupperen t vn e partie

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1642—45 ] RELA TION OF 1 644 -45

out alone to shoot game , almost at the door of our

French . He w as surrounded by the enemies , wholay hidden in the brushwood , and was put to [6 5] a

most miserable death . They stripped him entirelynaked , and tore Off his hair with his scalp . When

it was noticed that the young man delayed his return ,

and when two Iroquois canoes were seen on the greatR iver. they thought that he had been surprised andcarried off alive by them . They shouted , and calledhim by his name , but received no answer. The cannon was fired a t the fleeing foes , but in vain . Threedays afterward , Crows , croaking around h is body ,indicated the spot where he was . They proceededthither, and found him str etched out on the ground ,pierced by javelin thrusts , bathed in his own bloodand his body already slightly injured by the birdsbeaks . The warfare of the Savages is no more the

war fare of the French than the warfare of the Parth i an s was that of the R omans . The Fathers whower e at that settlement buried the poor man , andoffered to God the holy Sacrifice of the Mass severaltimes , supplying the char ity that his relatives wouldhave displayed had he died in his own country .

On the twelfth of December, the earth was cov

ered with snow to the depth of a foot . AS we hadhardly a thought of those manhunters , and a s thecold made itself [66] felt , seven soldiers went out to

get firewood . When they had loaded their sled , and

were hauling it over the snow , a band of those Impsunexpectedly rushed on them . The more activeones , and those who were the least encumbered ,released themselves from the ropes that they had putar ound their bodies in order to haul their load , andsaved themselves by running toward their entrench

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226 LE S P ELA TION S D E S j ES U I TES [VOL. 27

de la peau de la tefte qu’

i l s em porteren t auec le poil ,la fen tinel l e ayant donné adui s, on décharge desfufil s fur eux , cc qui les contraignit de fe retirer ,croyant que cc panure homme efto i t mort , en effet i l

n’

auo it plus de m ouuem en t : mais comme on eut misl e feu au canon pour l o décharger fur l es ennem ys ,i l s

'

éuei l l a c omm enca a fe tra i fner , on courre versluy on le trouue bl efié a la tefte de 7 . ou 8 . grands

coups de hache d’armes que tout l e monde croyo i t

e i tre mortels : vous euffiez dit que les yeux n'

efto ien t

plus en leur place le fang qui le trem po it de toutco ftez [67] l e rendo i t horr iblement affreux ; ayant

vn e partie de la tefte découuerte de fon poil de fa

peau , on l appel le , on luy parle , i l n’

auo i t plus decon n o ifian ce tous fes fens efto iét per dus, i l n

auo i t

plus qu’

vn m ouuem en t animal qui l a fa i fo i t tra i fn er

ca 12 fans ra i fon , l e Chirurgien l’ayant fait porter

dans l e Fort , en eut vn fi bon foin qu ' il eft mainte

nant en pleine fautez i l fut trois i ours fans aucunecon no i ffa n ce, vn fort long- temps en danger a canfoque l e cra fn e efto i t enfoncé que l es con tufion s

efto ien t fort grandes . Depuis cc temps-la les Fran

cois auo ien t pour c l o i ftre vne pa l l i ffade de pieux

d’

vn e bien petite eftendue‘

; mais en fin les Am ba ffadeurs Iroquois ar r iuan s au commencement de Iui l

let, rompir ent la cl o fture de ces pauures reclus , quin

ayan t pas tous l e don d Ora i fon n e pren o ien t pas

trop de pl a ifir en vn f1 petit m on a ftere.

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228 LE S RELA TIONS D E S j ES H l TE S [VOL. 27

[68] CHAPITR E VII I .

DE QU ELQU ES PR ISONNIER S IR OQU OIS .

A R elation de l ’an paffeporto i t que les Hurons

ayans pris pr i fon n iers trois Iroquois , en auo ien t

donné vn aux Algonquins mené les deux

autres en leur pays . Les Algonquins firen t prefen t

a M on fieur l e Gouuerneur de celuy qui leur efto i t

ei chen . Il efto it demy mort demy bruflé : mais l e

foin qu’on en prit l e remit en fante.

Ce Printemps quelques Saunages en am en eren t

deux autres , aufquel s ils n e firen t aucun mal , i ca

chans bien que les Francois n e fe pl a i fen t point a lacruauté ; vo i cy comme la chofe fe paffa . Sept Algon

quin s allant a la chaffe des Iroquois fir en t tra i fn erleurs canots fur la glace iufques a R ichelieu pour

prendre la r iuiere qui vient du pays des Iroquois ,qui eft plutoft dégelée que l e grand fleuue , eftan t

entrez dans vn grand lac d’

o ii fort cette r iui ere : ils

abordent vn e Ifle [69] pour y chercher leur proye ;l’

vn d ’eux c i tant aux aguets , entend tirer vn coup

d’

a rquebufe , 11 en donne la n ouuel l e a fes Camar ades , l e m a i ftre de ces ch a ffeurs commande qu ’on

prenne fa r efection ; mangeon s , dit-11 Camarades ,pour la dernier e fois : car quoy qu

’il a rr iue i l faut

plutoft mourir que de fuyr , ayant bien di fn é vn nom

m eM akon s s’

eftan t écarté pour découur i r l ’en n em y ,

vi t deux canots qui fembl o ien t tirer droit a eux, cc

font r apporta-i l des guerriers,tant mieux

, r epl iqua

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1642 R ELA TION OF 1 644—45

[68] CHAPTE R VI II .

OF SOME IR OQU O IS PR ISONER S .

H E R elation of last year stated that the Hurons ,after having taken three Iroquois prisoner s , had

given one to the Algonquins , and taken the

two others to their own country . The Algonquinspr esented to Monsieur the Governor the one that had

been given them . He w a s half dead , and halfburned ; but the car e that they gave him restor edhim to health .

Last Spring , some Savages brought in tw o other s ,to w hom they did no harm ,

— knowi ng w ell that th eFr ench do n ot like cruelty ; this event occurred thusSeven Algonquins went to hunt for Ir oquois ; theydragged their canoes on th e ice as fa r as R ichelieu ,

to take th e river which flows from th e Iroquois country ,

in w h ich th e ice melts sooner than in the gr eat

river . Having entered a large lake , whence this river

flows , they landed on an Island [69] to seek their

quarry . On e of them , w h o w a s w atching , heard an

arquebus Shot,and notified h i s Comrades . The

leader of these hunters ordered them to take their

repast . Let us ea t , he said ,“for the last time ,

Comrades ; for whatever happens , we must die rather

than r etreat . When they had partaken of a good

dinner ,one

,whose name was M akon s , went away

alone,to look for the enemy ; he saw two canoes ,

that seemed to be coming straight toward them .

“ They are warriors , he reported . So much the

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230 LE S RELA TION S D E S j ES HI TES [VOL. 27

vn Chreitien nommé Bernard homme de bien

courageux, 11 y a plus d

hOn eur de vaincre des gensarmez que des courreurs de bei tes . D iefcaret qui con

dui fo i t cette petite efco ii ade fa va mettre iuftem en t on

ces deux canots ven o ien t aborder , le premier qui portoit cinq [sc . fept] hommes approchant ne pen fan t

point a cét embufcade fe veit fa l ii é de fix coups d’

ar

quebufes, qui furent fi adroitement defch argez qu’

i l s

r enuer ferent fix hommes, l e fepti ém e fe fauua a la

nage tirant vers l ’autre canot qui veno i t derriere .

Ce canot ayant pris cc fuya r t n e perdit point coeur, i lfe deftourne de fa route pour aller aborder l

'

Ifle par

vn autr e endroit combattre a terre ; mais nosAlgo nquins leur vont coupper chemin par dedans l e

bois , ils efto ien t huit fo l da ts dan s cc fecond batteau

bien del iberez de venger la mort de leurs gens ; mais

vn coup d’

arquebufe renuerfan t l’

vn de ces guerriers ,fit auffi renuerfer l e canot dans l ’eau , comme ilsauo i en t pied , i l s reprennent courage , i l s fe prefen

tent pour aborder 1a terre , nos Algonquins leur vonta la rencontre , ils fe ba ten t vaillamment de part

d’

autre ; mais Dieu donnant l'

auan tage a n o s gens ,ils renuerferen t quatre Iroquois dans l ’eau les

m aEa creren t 2 m efm e temps : les trois autres redoutans les vainqueurs tourn eren t vi fage ; mais Bernard

pourfuiui t l o plus grand , luy donnant vn petit coup

d’

efpée dans l es reins , luy crie , Camarade rends- toy ,a utrement tu es mort . L ’autre qui eftoi t plus ienne

fut bien-toft attrapé , l e tr o ifiém e fe fauua : voila

comme fept hommes en tueren t vn z e en am en eren t

deux pr i fonn iers. Le Combat ceEé les victorieux vontcher cher les corps morts ; ils en l euent la cheuelur e

de leurs teftes, puis s’em ba rquen t pour leur r etour .

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232 LE S P ELA TION S D E S jES U J TE S [VOL. 27

Le plus ienne de ces deux [7 1 ] pr i fon n iers c i tant liétrop eftro ittem en t s’en plaignit; vn Algonquin luy

refpondi t, Camarade , i l fem bl e que tu ignore les loixde la guerre

, i l les fca i t bien , repart fon Compagnon ,11 a ven pleurer plufieurs de vos gens , pris bruflez

dans n oftrepays , i l n e craint point ny vos menaces nyvos tourm en s . L

Algon qui n croyant qu’il par l o it

in fo l emm en t pour vn pr i fon n ier , luy defch a rgea deux

ou trois coups : m ais l o pr i fon n ier n e raba i ffan t rien defon courage fe mit a chanter , di fan t : que fes parenstrouuero ien t bien l emoyen de vanger fa mort . 11 y a

peut-e i tre cinquante ans qu'

aucun pr i fonn ier Saunage

n’a efté fi doucement tra i tté, on n o l es battit point

dauan tage, on n o leur arracha point les ongles,on

n e leur couppa aucun doigt, qui font les premier escar effes que les Saun ages font a leurs pr i fonn iers .

Vn i our deuan t que d’

a r r iuer a fa i n ct Iofeph o ii i l s

furent amenez , D ieska ret enuoya vn ienne homme

donner adui s au Pere qui a foin des Sauuages de cclieu, qu

’il a rr iuero i t bien- toit , qu ’il am enero i t des

pr i fonn iers a M onfieur l e Gouuerneur , aux Chre

{tiens Saunages fes amis; on les entendit [72] plutoftqu ’on ne l es vit ; car ils s

en ven o i en t ch an tan s dansleurs canots , chacun accourt fur le bord du grandfleuue, l es pri fonn iers efto ien t debout dancan s 2 leur

mode au bruit des aui ron s au fon de la voix desvainqueurs. Les ch euelures de ceux qui auo ient

efté tuez au. combat , atta chez au bout de certainsba fton s, vo l tigeo ien t en l

’air au gré du vent comme

des flouettes, approchant de n os rines i l fe fit vn efa l ue d

arquebufades de part d’

autre auec a ffez

d’

adreffe. Iean B apti fte E tin echka ouat les voyat

tous prefts de mettre pied a terre , fit faire halte,

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1642- 45 ] RELA TION OF 1 644 -

45

found that his bonds were too tight , and complainedof it . An Algonquin r eplied to him , Comrade ,thou seem est ignorant of the rules of war .

" “ He

knows them well , replied h i s Companion ; he hasseen many of your people w eep who have been takenprisoners , and have been burned in our country . Hefears neither your thr eats n or your tortures . TheAlgonquin considered that he spoke insolently for aprisoner, and gave him tw o o r thr ee blows . But theprisoner did not lose courage , and began to sing ,saying that h i s friends w ould find means to avengehis death . It is perhaps fifty years since any Sav

age prisoner has been so gently treated . They didnot beat them any more , n or tear out their nails , norcut OE their fingers , which are th e first attentions

that the Savages pay to their prisoners . One day ,

before they arrived a t saint Joseph , whither theywere taken , D ieska ret sent a young man to inform

the Father who has charge of the Savages at thatplace that he would soon arrive , and would bringprisoners to Monsieur the Governor and to the Christian Savages

,his friends . They were heard [72 ]

sooner than they wer e seen , for they came on , singing in their canoes . Every one ran to the bank of

the great river . The prisoner s w ere erect , dancingin their fashion to th e noise of the paddles and to

the sound Of the conqueror s’

voices . The scalps ofthose who had been killed in the fight , attached to

the ends of some sticks , flutter ed in the air at the will

of the wind,like vanes . As they neared th e shore ,

a salvo of musketry was fired on either side withconsiderable skill . When Jean Baptiste Etin echkaon at saw that they were all r eady to land , he called

a halt,and

,raising h i s voice , he addressed these few

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234 LE S R ELA TION S D E S j ES U /TE S [VOL. 27

rel euan t fa voix addreffa ce peu de paroles au Capi

taine qui am en o i t ces captifs . Nous prenons pl a ifir

de te voir , tu t’es vaillamment comporté , chacun fe

refi o i i i t de ta venue , tu n e pouuo i s rien apporter de

plus agreabl e a nos yeux que ces dépo ii i l l es de nosennemis dont tu t’és enr i chy . Tu fca i s bien que

nous procedon s maintenant d’

vn e autre facon que

nous n e fa i fi on s i adi s , nous auon s i etté par terre

toutes nos vieilles couftum es : C’

efi: pourquoy nous te

receuron s en paix fans faire tort aux pr i fon n i ers ,

fans les frapper n y endommager en [73] quelque

facon que cc fo i t . Ce Capitaine fe l eua n t debout en

fon canot, refpondi t en peu de mots : Ie fuis dans

voftre pen fée ,i’

ay donné ma parole qu’on n

OEen fe

r oit point les pri fon n iers, refjo ii i ffon s nous pa ifibl em ent , Chantons fa i fon s fefti n , dan con s , voila di fo iti l , de fujets d

a l l egreffes , m on ftra n t les ch euelur es

l es pr i fon n i ers a f fis pa rm y les Algonquins dans

leurs canots .f

Le Pere qui auo i t charge des Saunages

fit auffi fa petite harangue , l o ii a n t les guerriers de

leur courage les congratulant de leur douceur,leur

rem on ftran t que c’

efto i t l e propre des chiens des

loups de deuorer leur proye : mais que les hommes

deuo i en t eftre humains , notamment enuer s leurs

fem bl abl es; qu’au r eite i l auo i t donné adui s a

M on fieur l e Gouuern eur de leur a rr iuée ,qu’il auo i t

enuoyé vue efco ii ade de fo l dats pour les bien vei

gn er , la-deEus les fo ldats firen t vn e defch arge de

leurs a rm eS'

qui plfit grandement aux Saunages . Ces

com pl im en s faits , les pr i fon n iers defcendi ren t des

canots , comme ils n’

en tendo ien t point la langue

Algonquin e, i l s auo ien t belle [74] peur qu’on n e les

fa l ija ft a l’

en trée des Cabanes a grands coups de

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236 LE S RELA TION S D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL . 27

ba fton , auec des coups de fouets de cordes , auec

des taillades de coufteaux , auce des ti fon s ardensfelon leur couftum e. I l n

y a pa s long-temps que les

Saunages venaus de la guerre am en an s des pri

fonn i ers, les fil les les femmes voyant les ca nots feietto ien t a l’eau toute nué’s pour attraper cc qu’elles

pourr o ien t des dépo ii i l l es de l’

en n emy . Ces info

lences font bannies de la r efiden ce de faint Io feph .

Il n’

y eut qu’va ieun e homme , en cor n

efto i t- i l pas

en ti erem en t nud , qui fe lancaut dans la r iuiere

fa i fan t l e plongeon paffa fous l e canot du Capitaine ,lequel pour recom pen fe luy donna l

vne des arque

bufes qu ’il auo i t°

en l eué fur les Iroquois , tous lesautres n e branfleren t point , les pr i fonn iers furent

receus pa ifibl em en t comme dans leurs m a i fon s . Les

i eun es fil l es vindren t demander congé au Pere de

dancer de fe rejo i iyr , cc qu’il leur fut a i fém en t

accordé ; on planta les eftenda rs , c’

eft a dire les teftesvolantes fur les cabanes , tout l e monde fit feiti n

fe r efio ii i t a fa mode .

[75 ] Ie diray en pa ffan t que ce n’eft pas peu auo i r

gaigne fur l es Saunages, d’

em pefch er qu’

i l s n e def

ch a rgea ffen t leur colere fur ceux qui les tra i tten t auecvn e fureur diabolique quand ils les tiennent . Il fe

rencontra vue vieille a qui la vene de ces n ouueauxboites fa i fo i t bien mal au coeur : elle m’ofa neant

moi [n] s l es toucher fans en auo ir perm ifli on , s’

addref

fant au Pere , elle luy dit ; mon Pere permettez moy

de ca reEer vn petit l es pr i fonn iers, c’

eft vn terme

i rron i que, dont ils fe feruen t les voulant tourmenterils ont tué , bruflé, mangé mon pere , mon mary

mes en fan s. Permettez mon P’ere que i e l es ca reEe,

l o Pere luy ayant reparty qu’en effet ces Iroquois

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1642—45 ] RELA TION OF 1 644—45

their custom . Not long ago,w hen th e Savages

returned from war and brought prisoners with them ,

the girls and women , on seeing the canoes , wouldthrow themselves into th e water , stark naked , to catchwhat they could of the enemy’s spoils . Such um

seemly conduct is banished from th e residence ofsaint Joseph . There was only one young man , and

even he was not quite naked , who threw himself intoth e r iver and dived under the Captain ’s canoe . Thelatter r ewarded him by giving him one of the arquebuses that he had taken from the Iroquois . None

Of the others stirred . The prisoners wer e r eceivedas peaceably as in their own houses . The younggirls came and asked the Father to give them permission to dance and enjoy themselves , which w a s w illingl y granted . The standards - that i s , the flyingscalps — were fastened on th e cabins ; and all feastedand made mer ry in their fashion .

[7 5 ] I may say , in passing , that i t i s no little holdgained over th e Savages , to hinder them fromventing their fury on those who

,w hen they hold

them ,treat them w ith fiendish cruelty . Ther e was

an old woman to w hom the sight of these new guestswas exceedingly unwelcome ; however , sh e did notdare to touch them w ithout permission . Addressingherself to th e Father

,she said : My Father , allow

me to car ess the pr isoner s a little . This is an ironical expr ession they use when they wish to torture

them .

“ They have killed,burned , and eaten my

father , my husband , and my childr en . Permit me ,my Father , to car ess them . The Father replied toher that i t was true that the Iroquois had done hergreat injury ; but that sh e also had off ended God , and

that with what measure she meted to her enemies so

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238 LE S R ELA TIONS D E S j ES U /TE S [VOL. 27

l’

auo ien t bien OEen fée ; mais aufll qu’elle auoi t fa fch é

Dieu , qu ’a la m efm e m efur e qu ’elle m efurero i t fes

ennemis Dieu la m efurero i t , qu’elle trouuero i t l e

pardon fi elle pardon n o i t , la vengeance fi elle fe

vengeo i t . Cette pauure femme n e repartit autre

chofe , fin on ie n e leur feray donc point de mal .

En ce m efm e temps le Pere demandant par ren

contre a vn e autre femme fi [76] elle aym o i t Noftre

Seigneur,cette feme qui eft d

vn naturel extreme

ment vindicatif , qui autre- fois efto i t comme en ra ~

gee contre les Iroquois , r efpondi t d’

vn bon accent :

I’

aym e Dieu plus que i e n o h a i les Iroquois : c’

eft cc

feul amour que i e luy porte qui n ’

em pefche de leur

faire reffen ti r les tor ts qu’

i l s m ’ont faits . Ie fuis

reftée feule d’

vn e gro ffe famille , i e fuis panure

abandonne, ils m’ont mis en cet efta t, ayant ro fty

m ange tous m es parens tous mes amys , en effet ,mon coeur veut hayr ces gens- la , di fo i t- elle ; mais il

’a

plus d ’amour pour Dieu qu ’il n ’a de hayne 8c d ’auer

fion pour eux : c’

eft pourquoy i e me leur veus aucun

mal,r’entrons s ' il vous pl a i ft en di fcour s .

Le fecond i our apres l ’ar r iuée de ces pr i fon n i ers ,M onfieur l e Gouuern eur fe tran fportan t a la refiden cede S . Iofeph bien accompagné , entra dans n o ftre

petite m a i fon , Oi1 fe tr ouueren t auffi les vainqueurs ,l es vaincus les autres Saunages . D i eska reth parla

en cette forte; c’

eft a vous a qui i ’addr eEe ma parole ,vous qui n ’

eftes qu’

vn e m efm e chofe , vous qui n’a

n ez [77] qu’

vn m efm e fecret , vous qui vous vous par

lez a l ’orei l l e : C’

eft au Capitaine des Francois , c’

eft

a vous qui depuis trois ans c itez deuenus Francois ,c ’efi a toy Negabam a t , c

efi a toy E tin echka oua t , a quii’

addreEe ma voix , vous n’ettes qu

vn m efm e con fei l ,

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240 LE S R ELA TIONS D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL. 27

efcoutez -moy (i l n omm o i t les deux Capitaines qui

font a faint Iofeph ) en cor que i e n’aye point d’

efpr i t ,

fouffrez que ie vous parle , apres ce pream bul e i l

expliqua l e deEei n qu’il auo i t eu allant a la guerre ,l e bon rencontre que l o Ciel luy auo i t fait faire , 8c

pour con c lufion i l dit : i ’ay veu,i’

ay tué , i’

ay pris ,i’

ay amené , les voila prefen s , i’

en tre dans vos pen

fées , elles font bonnes , ie penetre dans vos coeurs ,vous qui n '

auez qu’

vn e m efm e demeure , qui n’

auez

qu’

vn m efm e adui s , foyez l es Dieux de la terre , met

tez la paix par tout , donnez l o repos a tout l e pays ;puis mettant la main fur les teftes des pr i fonn iers

qui eito i en t liez deuan t M onfieur l e Gouuern eur : les

voila tous entiers fans e itre o ffen fez , i e vous les liure ,di fpofez

-en felon vos pen fées .

Bernard fe leuan t parla en ces termes ; [78] ie con

firm e tout cc qu ’a dit celuy qui vient de haranguer , 8c

pour prouuer que fa parole eft veritable , 8c que luy

moy vous donnons ces pr i fon n ier s : ie vay ietter au

feu leurs liens l e coufteau qui les couppera toute

ma colere : di fan t cela , i l tire vn couiteau couppe

les liens , iettan t tout dans l e feu , i e n'ay plus ,

dit-i l de pa ffion que pour la paix , ayant fait len er

debout les pr i fon n i ers , les prefen ta a M onfieur de

Montmagny n o ftre Gouuern eur : lequel leur fit ref

pondre par fon interprete qu ’il hon o ro i t leur vaillance

leur courage , qu’il les auo it toufiours aimez , notam

ment ceux qui efto ien t deuenus fes freres fes pa

rens par l e B aptefm e , qu’au refte i l n e voul o it pas

que fon action de graces pour l e prefen t qu’

i l s luy

fa i fo ien t fut vne parole toute nue, qu’il la voul o i t

reuefti r de robbes armer de poudr e de plomb,

parlant con form em en t a leur facon de fen on cer , la

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1642- 4 5 ] RELA TION OF 1 644—45

sense , allow me to speak to you . After this preamble , he explained the design that he had had ingoing to war , and the good fortune that Heaven hadsent him ; and in conclusion he said : I have seen ,I have killed , I have captured , I have brought back ;her e they are present . I enter into your thoughts ;they are good . I penetrate into your hearts , you whohave but one abode and the same Opinion . Be theGods of the earth ; cause peace to reign everywhere ;give rest to the whole country . Then , laying hishand on the heads of the prisoners , who lay boundbefore Monsieur the Governor , Here they are ,uninjured and without harm ; I deliver them to you ;do as you think best with them .

Bern ard arose and spoke in these terms : [78]I confirm all that ha s been said by him who hasjust harangued us ; and , to prove that his words aretrue , and that he and I give you those prisoners , Iwill cast into the fire their bonds , the knife that willcut them , and all my anger .

AS he said this , hedrew a knife and cut the bonds ; and , throwing thewhole into the fire , he said : I have no longer anypassion , but for peace ; and , making the prisoners

stand up , he presented them to Monsieur de Mont

magny our Governor . He replied to them , throughhis interpreter, that he honor ed their valor and theircourage ; that he had always loved them , especiallythose who had become his br others and his relativesthrough Baptism ; moreover , that he did not wish

that his thanks for the present which they were givinghim should be but a bare word ; that he wished toclothe it with robes , and arm it with powder andlead

,— speaking in their mode of expressing them

selves ,— and then he gave them handsome presents .

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242 LE S R ELA TIONS D E S j ES U /TE S [VOL. 27

deEus, i l leur fit de beaux‘

prefen s . Les Iroquois

qui ini ques alors auo ien t gardé l e filen ce incertains

dufuccez de cc con fei l 8e des harangues qui [se. qu’

i l s]n

'

en tendo ien t pas c6m m en ceren t a changer [79] de

pofture de vi fage, l’

vn d’eux , homme grand

bien- fait fe prefen te denaut M on fi eur l e Gouuern eur ,

s’

écr i a n t ; voila qui va bien , mon corps eft del iuré de

la mort,ie fuis retiré du feu . On on ti o tu m

a s donné

la vie , i e t’en remercie

,i e n e m

oubl ieray iam a i s de

ce bien—fait , tout mon pays en fera rec on n o i Ea n t , la.

terre va e itre toute belle , la r iuiere fera toute calme

toute vn ie,la paix nous fera tous amys . Ie n

'

ay

plus d’

om bre denaut mes yeux . Les ames de mes

an ceftres m a ifa crez par les Alguonquin s font di fpa

rues, i e les ay fous mes pieds . On on ti o i l faut

auo ii er que tu es bon que nous fom m es m efch an s ;

mais n oftr e coler e eft partie , i e n’ay plus de vigueur

que pour la ioye pour la paix , 8c di fan t cela i l fe

mit a dancer d’

vn e facon vn peu differente de celle

de nos Sauuages . Il ch an to i t , i l fe rem uo i t , i l eften

doit les bras , i l l es efleuo i t en haut comme apoftro

phant l e Ciel , i l fe m etto i t a gen o ii i l , danco i t en

cette pofture , l eua n t les yeux les bras vers l e Ciel ,puis fe louant tout a coup prend vn e hache , i l entrecomme en fur ie

,en fe deftourn a n t [80] ietta fa

hache au feu , di fan t : voila ma coler e a bas , adieu laguerre

, i e pofe les armes , ie fuis voftr e amy pour ia

mais . S ’il y a dans ces peuples des adti on s barbares ,11 y a des pen fées dignes de l

efpr i t des Grecs des

Romains .La Cerem on i e faite , chacun fe retira en fon quar

tier,les pr i fon n iers dem eureren t en liberté : en forte

n ean tm o in s que quelques fo l dats Francois les veil

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244 LE S RELA TIONS D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL. 27

l o ien t, cc que nos Saunages m efm es ne pouuo ien t

fupporter , di fant, qu’il n e fa i l l o i t pas craindre qu

i l s

fe fauua ffent qu ’on les tiendro i t pour des poltronsen leur pays

, d’

auo i r eu peur de ceux qui leursauo ien t donné la vie . I

'

ay fouuen t remarqué que les

Saunages naturellement volages incon ftan s font

tres-feruen s dans quelques couftum es de leur pays .

Oc cy fe paffa l e dix-hui tiefm e de May , bien-toft

apr es M onfieur l e Gouuerneur renuoyan t ces Iroquois

aux trois r iuieres,ordonna aufieur de Chanfiour d’

équi

per l e pr i fonn ier Iroquoisqu’on auo i t tenu tout l

hy

uer , de l ’enuoyer en fon pays porter les n ouuel l esde ce qui fe [8 1 ] pa it icy

, auec ordre de dire aux

Capitaines des Iroquois que On on tio fe refen tan t de la

courto ifie qu ’il auo i t r eceu d ’eux , lors qu’

i l s luy

ram en eren t deux pr i fon n i ers Francois , non feulementi l l

auo it retiré de la main des Alguonquin s ;mais qu’il

luy auo i t donné la liberté comme i l auo i t defia fait avn SOKOKi o i s leur amy allié , qu

’au refte i l auo i t

en cor deux pr i fonn iers pleins de fante, 8c qu’il efto i t

tout preft de les rendre apres les auo i r entendu parlerfur ce fujet , que l

occafion d’

appl an i r la terre de faire

vn e paix vn iuerfel l e entre toutes les Nations , efto ittoute belle , qu

i l s en fero i en t comme bon leur fem

bl ero i t . Le Chapitre fuiuan t nous fera voir l e fuccezde ce voyage .

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1642—45 ] RELA TION OF 1 644—45

except , however , that some Fr ench soldiers watched

them . This our Savages themselves could not bear ,saying that there was no need to fear that they wouldescape , and that they would be considered a s cowards

in their own country if they were afraid of those whohad given them life . I have Often remarked that theSavages , who are naturally fickle and inconstant ,a re very earnest as r egards some customs of their

country .

This happened on th e eighteenth of May . Shortlyafterw ard , Monsieur th e Governor sent these Iro

quo i s back to thr ee r iver s,a nd order ed th e sieur de

Ch anflour to equip th e Ir oquois pr isoner that hadbeen kept all winter , and to send him to his owncountry to carry the new s of w hat w a s [8 1 ] passinghere . This prisoner w a s also ordered to tell the Captains of th e Iroquois that On on ti o was grateful for th ecourtesy that he had r eceived from them when theysent back to him two French pr isoner s ; and that , n ot

'

only had he released him from the hands of th e

Alguon qui n s , but that he had given him his liberty ashe had already done to a Sokok i o i s , their friend andally ; that , mor eover , he had tw o other pr isoners fullof health ,

and that he was quite prepared to give upthese

,after having heard them speak on the subject ;

that this was a most excellent opportunity to smooththe earth ,

and to bring about universal peace amongall th e Nations ; and that they might do as seemedgood to them . The following Chapter will Show usthe success of that journey .

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246 LE S RELA TIONS D E S jES U/TE S [VOL. 27

[82] CHAPITR E XI . ix . ]

T R AITTE DE LA PAIX ENTR E LES FRANCOIS , IR OQU OISAU TR ES NATIONS .

E c i nqui ém e i our de Iui l l et , l e pr i fon n ier Iro

quo i s mis en liberté rennoye en fon pays ,comme i ’ay dit au Chapitre precedent , parut

aux trois R iui eres accompagné de deux hommes de

confideration pa rm y ces peuples del eguez pour venir

tra i tter de paix auec On on ti o (c’

eft a in fi qu’

i l s nOm en t

M onfieur l o tous les Francois tousles Sauuages n os alliez .

Vn ienne homme nommé Guillaume Coufture qui

auo i t efté pris auec l e Pere Ifaa c Iogues , qui depuis

cc temps- la efto i t refté dans l e pays des Iroquois lesa ccom pagn o it; fi- toft qu ’il fut reconnu chacun fe

ietta a fon col , on l e rega rdo i t comme vn homme

r effufc i té qui donne de la ioye a tous ceux qui l ecroyo i en t mort , ou du moins en danger de paffer l ere i te de fes i ours dans vn e tres -amere [83] tr es-ba r

bare c aptiui té . Ayant mis pied a terre, i l nous i n for

ma du deffein de ces trois Sauuages , auec l efquel s i 1auo i t efté rennoye, l e plus remarquable des trois

nommé Ki otfeaeton , voyant les Francois les

Saun ages accourir fur l e bord de la r iui ere,fe leua

debout fur l ’auan t de la Ch a l ouppe qui l’

auo i t amené

depuis R ichelieu ini ques aux tr ois R iuieres . I l efto i t

quafi tout couuer t de Pour cel a in e, fa i fa n t fi gue de la

main qu ’on l ’efcouta ft, i l s’

écr ia ,mes Freres

, i’

ay

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248 LE S RELA TIONS D E S jES U I TE S [VOL. 27

quitté mon pa1s pour vous venir voir , me voila en fin

a r r iué fur vos terres , on m’a dit a mon depart que ie

ven o i s chercher la mort , que i e n e verro i s i am a i s

plus ma patrie ; mais i e me fuis volontairementexposé pour l e bien de la paix : i e viens donc entrerdans les deEein s des Francois , des Hurons des

Al guonquin s , ie viens pour vous communiquer les

pen fées de tout mon pays , cela dit , la Ch a l ouppe

tire vn coup de pierrier , l e Fort refpond d’

vn coup

de canon pour marque de réjo ii i ffan ce.

Ces Am baEadeurs ayans m i s pied a terre , furentconduits en la chambre du [84] fl eur de Ch anfiour ,lequel leur fit fort bon accueil; on leur prefen ta quel

ques petits rafra i fch i ffem en s , apres auo i r mangé

petune, Kiotfaeton qui porto i t toufiours la par ole , dit

a tous l es Francois qui l’

enui ron n o ien t , ie trouue

bien de la douceur dans vos m a i fon s , depuis que i’

ay

mis l e pied das voftre pays ie n 'ay ven que de la

refio ii i ffan ce, ie voy bien que celuy qui eft au Ciel

veut conclure vn e aEa i re bien importante , les hommes

ont des efpr its des pen fées trop diEeren tes pour

tomber d ’accord , c'

c i t l e Ciel qui reti nira tout . Ce

m efm e i our on enuoya vn canot a M onfieur l o Gou

uern eur pour l ’i n form er de la venue' de ces n ouueaux

boi tes .

Cependant eux les pr i fonn i ers qui n’

efto ien t

pas oncor rendus auo i en t toute liberté de s ’aller promener o ii ils voul o ien t . Les Alguonquin s les Mon

tagnais les inui to ien t a leur feftin s, petit a petitils s ’

a ccouftum o i en t a conuerfer en fembl e. Le h eur

de Ch a nfiour les ayant bien tra i ttez , certain i our leur

dit qu’

i l s efto ien t parm y nous comme dans leur pays ,qu ’il n ’

y auoi t rien a craindre [8 5 ] pour eux , qu’

i l s

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1642 45 ] RELA TION OF 1 644 45

country to come and see you . At last I have r eachedyour land . I was told , on my departure , that I w a s

going to seek death ,and that I w ould never again

see my country . But I have w illingly exposed m yself for th e good of peace . I come therefore to enter

into the designs of the Fr ench , of the Hurons , andof th e A lguonquin s . I come to make known to

you the thoughts of all my country . When he hadsaid this

,the Shallop fir ed a shot from a swivel gun ,

and the Fort r eplied by a discharge from th e cannon

,a s a Sign of r ejoicing .

When those Ambassadors had landed , they wereconducted into the room of th e [84] sieur de Chanflour , who gave them a very cordial reception .

They w ere OEered some Slight refreshments , and ,after they had eaten and smoked , Ki otsaeton , w h o

w a s alw ays the spokesman , said to all the Fr enchwho surrounded him , I find much pleasur e in yourhouses . Since I have set foot in your country ,

Ihave observed nothing but r ejoicing . I see very

well that he who is in the Sky w ishes to br ing to aconclusion a very impor tant matter . The minds andthoughts of men a re too diverse to fall into accord ;i t is the Sky that wi ll combine all . On the sameday

,a canoe was sent to Monsi eur the Governor to

inform him Of th e arrival Of these n ew guests .Meanwhile

,both they and th e pr isoner s w h o had

n ot yet been given up had full liberty to w ander

wher e they willed . The Al guonquin s and Montagn ais invited them to their feasts , and they gradually

accustomed themselves to converse together . Thesieur de Ch an flour treated them very well ; one day

he said to them that they were with us a s if in their

own country ; that they had nothing to fear ; [8 5 ]

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250 LE S RELA TION S D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL. 27

efto ien t dans leur m a i fon . Ki otfaeton repartit acc compliment auec vn e pointe a ffez a i gué a ffez

gentile : Ie te prie , dit- i l a l'

In terprete, de dire a ce

Capitaine qui nous parle qu ’il vfe d’

vn e grande men

ter ie en n o ftre endroit , du moins eft- i l aEeuré que

cc qu’il dit n’eft pas veritable : la-deffus i l fit vne

petite paufe pour l a i ffer former l’

efton n em en t . Puis

i l adi oufta ; cc Capitaine me dit que i e fuis icy comme

dans mon pays , cela eft bien eflo ign é de la ver ité :

car ie n o fero i s ny honoré n y ca reffé dans mon pays ,ie voy icy que tout l e monde m ’

h on o re me cam il e , 11 dit que ie fuis comme dans ma m a i fon ; c

’efivn e efpece de menterie : car ie fuis mal -tra i tté dans

ma m a i fon ; i e fais icy tous les i ours bonne chere '

i e fuis continuellement dans les fefti n s , i e n e fuis

donc pas icy comme dans mon pays, ny comme dans

ma m a i fon ; i l fit quantité d’

autres r eparties qui

tefm o ign o ien t a ffez qu’il auo i t de l ’efpr i t .

E nfin M onfieur l e Gouuern eur eftat a r r iué de

Quebec aux trois R iui eres , apres auo i r confideré lesAm ba ffadeurs , leur [86] donna audi a n ce l e douziemeIui l l et . Cela fe fit dans la cour du Fort l ’on fiteftendre de grandes voiles contr e l ’a rdeur du Soleil ;vo i cy comme l o l ieu efto i t di fpofe, d

vu co fté efto i t

M on fieur l e Gouuern eur , accompagné de fes gens ,du R euerend Pere Vimont Superieur de la M i ffion .

Les Iroquois efto i en t a ffis a fes pieds fur vn e grandeécorce de pruffe , ils auo ien t tefm o igné denaut l

’affem

blée qu’

i l s fe voul o ien t mettre de fon cofté pour

marque de l’

a ffeéti on qu’

i l s porto ien t aux Francois .A l

oppo fi te efto i en t l es Algonquins , les Montagnais

les Attikam egues, l es deux co ftez efto ien t fermez

de quelques Francois SL de quelques Hurons . Au

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252 LE S RELA TION S D ES j ES U l TE S [VOL. 27

milieu i l y auo it vn e grande place vn peu plus longue

que large, on les Iroquois firen t planter deux perches ,

tirer vue corde de l’

vn a l ’autre pour y pendreattacher l es paroles qu

i l s nous deuo ien t porter , c’

c i t

a dire,les pr efen s qu

i l s nous voul o ien t faire , l efquel s

confifto ien t en dix-fept colliers de pour cel a in e, dontvn e partie efto i t fur leurs corps : l ’autre partie efto i trenfermée [87] dans vn petit fac placé tout aupres

d ’eux , tout l e monde c itant aEem bl é chacun ayant

pris place,K i otfaeton qui efto i t d

vn e haute itature

fe leua regardant le Soleil , puis tournant fes

yeux fur toute la Compagnie , i l prit vn collier de

porcelaine en fa main, com m encan t fa harangue d

vn e

voix forte : On on ti o pre i te l ’orei l l e, ie fuis la bouche

de tout mon pays , tu efcoute tous les Iroquois entendant ma parole , mon coeur n

’a r ien de manuais , ien ’ay que de bonnes ch an fon s en bouche , nous auon sdes tas de ch an fon s de guerre en n oftre pays , nousles auon s toutes iettées par terre , n ous n

auon s plus

que des chants de refjoi i i ffa n ce, la deEus i l fe mit achanter , fes compatriotes refpondi rent , i l fe pourm e

n o i t dans cette grande place comme deEus vn theatre ,i l fa i fo i t mille geti c s , i l r ega rdo i t le Ciel , i l enui fa

geo i t le Soleil , i l frotto i t fes bras comme s’il en eut

voulu faire forti r la vigueur qui les anime en guerre,

apres auo i r bien chanté , i l dit que l e pr efen t qu’il

ten o it en main , rem erc i o i t M onfieur l e Gouuerneur

de cc qu ’il auo i t fauué la vie a T okh rahen eh i a ron ,

[8 8] l e retirant l’

Autom n e paffe du feu de la dent

des Al guonquin s , mais i l fe plaignit gentiment de ccqu

on l’

auo i t rennoye tout feul dans fon pays, 11 fon

canot fe fut renuerfé, fi les vents l’

euEen t fait fub

merger, s’

i l eut efté noyé , vous euffiez long temps

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1642—45 ] RELA TJ ON OF 2 5 44-

45

were closed in by some Fr ench and some Hurons .In the center was a large space , somewhat longerthan wide , in which the Iroquois caused two poles tobe planted

,and a cord to be stretched from one to

the other on which to hang and tie the words thatthey were to bring us,— that is to say , the presentsthey wished to make us , w hich consisted of seventeen collars of porcelain beads , a portion Of whichwere on their bodies . The r emainder were en

closed [87] in a small pouch placed quite near them .

When all had assembled and had taken their places ,Ki otsaeton who was high in sta ture , rose and lookedat the Sun

,then cast h i s eyes over the whole Com

pany ; he took a collar of por celain beads in h i s handand commenced to harangue in a loud voice . Onontio , lend me ear . I am th e mouth for the whole ofmy country ; thou l i sten est to all the Iroquois , inhearing my words . Ther e is no evil in my heart ; Ihave only good songs in my mouth . We have a multi tude of war songs in our country ; we have castthem all on the ground ; we have no longer anythingbut songs of rej oicing . Thereupon he began tosing ; his countrymen responded ; he walked aboutthat great space as if on the stage of a theatre ; hemade a thousand gestures ; he looked up to Heaven ;he gazed at th e Sun ; he rubbed h i s arms as if hewished to draw from them the strength that movedthem in war. After he had sung awhile , he saidthat the present that he held in his hand thankedMonsieur the Governor for having saved the life of

T okh raheneh i aron , [88] when he drew him last Au

tum n out of the fir e and aw ay from the teeth of the

Alguonqui n s ; but he complained gracefully that he

h ad been sent back all alone to his own country . If

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254 LE S R ELA TIONS D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL . 27

attendu l e retour de cc pauure homme abyfm é,

vous nous auriez a ccufez d’

vn e faute que vous-m efm es

auriez faite : Cela dit , i l attacha fon collier au lieu

defti né.

En tirant vn autre i l l ’atta ch a au bras de Guil

laume Coufture ,en di fa n t tout haut , c

c i t cc Collier

qui vous ram en e cc pr i fon n i er : i e n e luy ay pas

voulu dire c i tant en cor dans l e pays ; va t’en mon

Neuen,pr ends vn Canot t’en retourne a Quebec ,

mon efpr i t n’

auro i t pas efté en repos , i’

aur o i s tou

fiour s pen fé repen fé a par[t] moy ,n e s ’eft- i l pas

perdu,en verite i e n

auro i s pas eu d’

efpr it fi i’

euffe

procede en cette forte . Gelny que vous auez ren

uoyé a eu toutes les peines dumonde en fon voyage ,i l com m en ca a l es exprimer ; mais fi pa th etiquem en t

qu ’il n ’

y a tabarin en France fi na‘

i f que c c Barbar e .

I l pren o i t vn ba fton , l e m etto i t fur [89] fa tefte

comme vn paquet , puis l e porto i t d’

vn bout de la

place a l’autre,reprefen ta n t c e qu

auo i t fait c c pri

fon n ier dans les faults dans l e con r ran t d’eau , auf

quels efta n t a r r iué, i l auo i t tra n fporté fon bagage

piece a piece , i l a l l o i t reuen o i t reprefen tan t les

voyages , les tours retours du pr i fon n i er , i l cher

choit [sc . S’

éch ouo it] contre vn e pierre , i l recul o i t

plus qu’il n’

aua n co i t dans fon canot , n e l e pouuan t

fouften i r feul contre les conrans d ’eau , i l perdo it cou

rage , puis repren o i t fes forces , br ef , i e n’ay rien

ven de mieux exprimé que cette action , en cor (di fo i t11) fi vous l

eufii ez aidé a paffer l es faults les mau

nais chemins , puis en vous a rreftan t petun an t fi

vous l ’euffiez regardé de loin vous nous auriez con

fo l é, mais i e n e fcay efto it vo ftre pen fée ,de ren

noyer a in fi vn homme tout feul dans tant de dangers,

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25 6 LE S R ELA TION S D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL . 27

i e n ’ay pas fait l e m efm e; Allons mon n epueu, dit- i l

[sc . dif-ie] , a c eluy que vous voyez douant vos yeux ,

fuis-moy,i e te veux rendr e dans ton pays au peril

de ma vie,voila ce que di fo i t l e fecond collier qu

il

attacha aupres de l’autre .

La tro ifiém e tefm o ign o i t qu’

i l s auo ien t [90] ad

i oufté quelque chofe du leur , aux prefen s que Mon

h eur l e Gouuern eur auo i t donné au captif , qu’

il auo i t

rennoye en leur pays , 8c que ces prefen s auo ien t efte

di ftr i buez aux Nations qui leur font alliées pour

a r refter leurs haches pour faire tomber des mains de

ceux qui s ’

em ba rquo ien t pour venir a la guerre ,leurs armes leurs aui ron s . I l nomma toutes ces

Nations .

Le 4 . prefen t efto i t pour nous a ffeurer que la pen

fée de leurs gens tuez en guerre ne l es touch o i t plus .

qu’

i l s m etto i en t leurs armes fous leurs pieds . I’

ay

paffe,di fo i t-11, aupres du lieu o il les Algonquins nous

ont m afia crez c e Printemps . I ’ay veu la place du

combat o i i i l s ont puny [sc . pris] l es deux pr i fon n iers

qui font icy,i’

ay paffevi fte , i e n’ay point voulu voir

l e fang refpandu de mes gens , leurs corps font en cor

fur la place , i’

ay deftourn é mes yeux de peur d’irri

ter ma colere , puis frappant la terr e preftan t

l’

orei l l e,i’

ay Oii y la voix de mes An ceftres m aEa crez

par les Alguon qui n s, lefquel s voya n s que mon coeur

efto i t capable de fe venger , m’ont crié d’

vn e voix

am oureufe , mon petit fil s , [9 1 ] mon petit fil s , foyez

bon, n

en trez point en fur eur ,n e pen fez plus a moy :

car 11 n ’

y a plus de moyen de n ous retirer de la mor t ,

pen fez aux viuan s , cela eft d’

im porta n ce,retirez ceux

qui vinent en cor du glaine du feu qui l es pour fui t ,vn homme viuan t vaut mieux que plufieurs trefpa ffez ;

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1 642—45 ] RELA TION OF 1 644-45

stopping and smoking , you had looked after himfrom afar, you would have greatly consoled us . But I

know not wher e your thoughts were , to send a manback quite alone amid so many dangers . I did notdo that . Come , my nephew ,

’ I said to him whomyou see before your eyes ; follow me , I wish to bringthee to thy ow n country , at the risk of my life .

That i s what was said by the second collar , which hetied near the first .The third showed that they had [90] added some

thing of their own to the pr esents that Monsieur th e

Governor had given to the captive whom he had sentback to their country ; and that those presents hadbeen distributed to the Tribes who are their allies toarr est their hatchets , and to cause the weapons andpaddles to fall from the hands of those who wereembarking to go to war . He named all those Tribes .The 4th present was to assure us that the thoughtof their people killed in w a r no longer affected themthat they cast their weapons under their feet . Ipassed ,

" he said , near the place wher e the Algonquins massacred us last Spring . I saw the spot

where the fight took place in which they capturedthe two pr isoners who a re here . I passed by quick

l y ; I did not w ish to see my people’s blood that hadbeen shed . Their bodies still lie in that place . I

turn ed away my eyes for fear of exciting my anger ;then

,striking the earth and listening , I heard th e

voice of my For efathers massacred by the Alguon

quins . When they saw that my heart was capable

Of seeking revenge they called out to me in a lovingvoice : My grandson , [9 1 ] my grandson , be good ;do not get angry . Think no longer of us for there

is no means of withdrawing us from death . Think

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25 8 LE S RELA TION S D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL. 27

ayant ouy ces voix , i’

ay paffe outre m’en fuis venu

a vous pour dél iurer ceux que vous tenez en cor .

Le c in quiefm e fut donné pour nettoyer la r iui ere ,

pour ch aEer les canots enn em ys qui pourro i en t trou

bler 1a n auigati on . Il fa i fo i t mille geftes comme s’il

enit am aEé les vagues , donné vn calme depuis

Quebec iufques au pays des Iroquois .

Le fix iém e pour aplanir les faults les chontesd ’eau Oi1 les grands cour ran s qui fe treuuen t fur les

r iuieres fur l efquel s i l faut n auiger pour aller en leur

pays . I ’ay peni e perir , di fo i t-11, dans des bo ii i l l on sd ’eau , voila pour les appa i fer , auec fes mainsfes bras i l vn i ffo i t a rrefto i t l es torrens .

Le fepti ém e efto i t pour donner vn e grande bonace

au grand Lac de Sa in ct [92] Louys , qu’il faut trauer

fer ; voila , di fo it- i ] , pour l e r endre vny comme vn e

glace , pour appa i fer les vents temperer la colere

des eaux , puis ayant par fes geftes rendu l e

chemin fauorabl e, i l attacha vn collier de porcelaine

au bras d’

vu Francois , l e tira tout droit au trauers

de la place pour marque que nos can ots i ro ien t fanspeine en leur pays .

Le hui ti ém e fa i fo i t tout l e chemin qu 11 faut faire

par terre , vous eufli ez dit qu’il abbatto i t des arbres ,

qu ’il couppo i t des branches , qu' il repoq i t des bois

,

qu ’il m etto i t de la terre és lieux plus profonds .

Voila , di fo it-i l , le chemin tout net , tout poly , tout

droit , i l fe ba i ffo i t vers la terre , regardant s’

i l n'

y

auo i t plus d’

épines, ou de bois , S’

i l n’

y auo i t point de

bute qu ' on pfit heurter en marchant . C ’en eft fait,on verra la fumee de nos bourgades depuis Quebeciufques au fonds de n o ftre pays , tous les obfta c l esfont Oftez .

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260 LE S RELA TIONS D E S jES U I TE S [VOL . 27

Le n eufiém e efto i t pour nous en feign er que nous

trouuer i on s du feu tout preft dans leurs m a i fon s , que

nous n’

aur ion s pas la peine d ’aller querir du bois ,que [93] nous en trouuerion s de tout fait , que cc

feu n e S’

efteindr o i t i am a i s ny i our n y nuit , que nous

en verrions la clarté iufques dans nos fouyers .

Le di x i ém e fut donné pour nous lier tous en fem bl e

tres-eftro i ttem en t , i l prit vn Francois en l a ca fon bras

dans l e fien , 8c vn Alguon quin de l’autre , S

eftan t

a i nfi l ie auce eux , voila l e noeud qui nous attache

in feparabl em en t , rien n e nous pourra def-vn i r . Ce

colier efto i t extraordinair ement beau , quand la foudre

tom bero i t fur nous elle n e pourro i t nous fepa rer , car

fi elle couppe ce bras qui vous attache a nous , nousnous fa ifiron s incontinent par l ’autre la-deEus i l fe

retour n o i t fa ifiEOi t l e Francois l Alguon qui n par

leur deux autres bras , les tenant fi ferme qu’il pa ro i Eo i t

n e vouloir i am a i s quitter .

L’

vn z iém e inui to i t a manger auec eux . N o ftre

pays eft rem ply de po i ffon ,de ven a i fon , de chaffe ,

tout y eft plein de cerfs , d’

El an s , de ca fto r s , quittez ,di fo i t- i ] , quittez ces pua n s pourceaux qui courent icy

pa rm y vos habitations , qui n emangent que des fa letez ,

venez manger de bonnes viandes an ec nous , l e che

min eft frayé , [94] 11 n’

y a plus de danger , i l fa i fo i t

les geftes con fo rm em en t a fon di fcours .

Il efleua l e douzieme collier pour di ffiper tous l esnuages de l ’air , afin qu

’on vi ft tout a découuer t quenos coeurs les leur s n e fuffen t point cachez , que l eSoleil la veritedon n a ffen t i our par tout .

Le trei z iém e fut pour faire reffouuen i r les Hurons

de leur bonne volonté ; i l y a cinq i ours , di fo i t- i l ,c

eft a dire cinq années , que vous auiez vn fac r em ply

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1642—45 ] RELA TION OF 1 644—45

mounds over which one might stumble in walking .

“ It is all finished . We can see the smoke Of ourvillages , fr om Quebec to the extremity of our country . All Obstacles a r e removed .

The ninth was to tell us that we would find firesall lighted in their houses ; that we would not havethe tr ouble of seeking for w ood

,— that [93] we w ould

find some already cut ; and that the fir e w ould nevergo out , day or night ,— that we w ould see i ts light ,even in our own homes .

The tenth w a s given to bind us all very closelytogether . He took hold of a Frenchman , placed hisarm w ithin his , and with his other a rm he claspedthat of an Alguonqui n . Having thus joined himselfto them , Here ,

” he said , is th e knot that binds us

inseparably ; nothing can part us . This collar wasextraordinar ily beautiful . “

Even if th e lightningwer e to fall upon us , i t could n ot separate us ; for , if

it cuts OE the a rm that holds you to us , w e w ill atonce seize each other by the other a rm . Andthereupon he turned around

,and caught th e French

man and the Alguon qui n by their tw o other arms ,holding them so closely that he seemed unwilling

ever to leave them .

The eleventh invited us to ea t w ith them . Our

country i s well stocked with fish ,w ith venison , and

with game ; it is everywhere full of deer , of El k , of

beaver . Give up , said he ,“those stinking hogs

that run about among your houses , that ea t nothingbut filth ; and come and eat good meat w ith us . Theroad is cleared ; [94] there is no longer any danger .

He accompanied h i s discourse with appropr iate

gestures .

He lifted the twelfth collar , to dispel th e clouds in

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262 LE S R ELA TION S D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL. 27

de porcelaine d’

autres prefen s tous pr eparez pour

venir chercher la paix , qui vous a deftourné de cette

pen fée ? Ce fac fe r enuerfera , les prefen s tomberont

ils fe ca fferon t , ils fe di ffiper on t vous perdrez

courage .

Le quatorzieme fut pour preEer l es Hurons qu’

i l s

fe h a ftaEen t de parler , qu’

i l s n e q en t point hon

teux comme des femmes , que pren an s refo luti on

d ’aller aux Iroquois, qu

i l s paEa ffent par l e pays des

Alguonquin s des Francois .

Le quinzieme fut pour témoigner qu’

i l s auo ien t

toufiours eu enui e de ramener l e Pere l e Iogues l e

P . B reffan i , que c’

eito it leur pen fée , que l e P . l e

Iogueszi

l eur fut dérobé , qu’

i l s auo ien t donné l e P .

[95 ] Breffan i aux H o l ando i s , pour cc qu’il l ’auo i t

defiré , s’

i l cu i t eu patience i e l ’auro i s ramené , que

fcay-je maintenant o i1 i l oft ? peut-eftr e eft i l mort ,

peut e i tre eft- i l noyé , n oftre deEein n’

efto i t pas de

l e faire mourir . Si Francois Marguerie Thomas

Godefroy , adjoufto i t- i l , fuffen t reftez en n o f’tre pays ,ils fero ien t mariez maintenant

, 8L nous n e ferions plus

qu’

vn e Nation , moy i e fero i s des voftres . Le P . l e

Iogues entendant ce di fcour s , nous dit en foufr i an t ,l e bucher efto i t prepa re1] Dieu n e m ’eut fauué, cent

fois i l s m ’ont o fté la vie , cc bon homme dit tout ce

qu ’il veut , l e P . B reffa n i nous dit le m efm e a fonretour .

Le fei z iém e fut pour les receuo i r en ce pal s icy

quand ils y viendr o ien t , pour l es mettre a couuert

pour a r refter les haches des Alguon quin s les canonsdes Francois ; quand nous ram en am es vos pr i fon n iersi l y a quelques années , nous pen fion s eftre de vos

amys , nous en tendi fm es des arquebufes des

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264 LES P ELA TION S D E S jES UI TE S [VOL. 27

canons fiffler de tous coftez : cela nous fit peur,nous

nous reti ra fm es , comme nous auon s du courage

pour la guerre , nous pr i fm es refoluti on d’en donner

des prenn es pour l e Printemps [69 i .e. , 96] fuiuan t;n ous parufm es fur vos terres , pr i fm es l e P . l e

Iogues auec des Hurons .

Le dix-feptiém e prefen t efto i t l o collier propre

que H on atten i a te porto i t en fon pays . Ce i eun e

homme efto i t l ’vn des deux pr i fonn iers derniers , famere qui efto it tante du P . Iogues au pays des Iro

quo is, enuoya fon collier pour celuy qui auo i t donné

la vie a fon fil s , cette bonne femme apperceua n t que

l e bon Pere qu ’elle appel l o i t fon Neveu efto i t en ce

pays-cy , en fut for t r efio ii ye fon h l s encore plus ;car 11 parut toufiour s tr i fte iufques a tant que l o PIogues fut defcendu de Montreal , alors i l com m enca

a refpirer a fe m on ftrer gaillard .

Apres que ‘

c e grand Iroquois eut dit tout ce que

deEus, i l adjoufta , i e m’en vay paEer l e reite de

l’

ef’cé en mon pays en j eux , en dances , en réi o ii i f

fauce pour l e bien de la paix : mais i ’ay peur que

pendant que nous dan fer on s les Hurons n e nous viennent pincer importuner Voila ce qui i s paffa en

cette affembl ée, chacun auoua que cét homme efto i t

pathetique eloquent , i e n’ay recuei l ly que quelques

pieces comme decoufues tir ées [97] [de la] bouche del’

in terprete, qui n e par l o i t qu’a ba fton s rompus , non

dans la fuitte que ga rdo i t cc Barbare .

Il entonna quelque chan fon s entre fes prefen s, i ldanca pa r refio i i i ifa n c e

, bref , i l fe m on ftra fort bon

Acteur , pour vn homme qui n ’a d’

autre eftude que

cc que la nature l a y a apr i s fans regle fans preceptes . La con c l ufion fut que les Iroquois

,les Francois ,

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1642—45 ] RELA TION OF 1 644—45

The sixteenth was to receive them in this countrywhen they came to it

,and to protect them ; to stay

the hatchets of th e Alguon quins and the cannons Ofthe French . When we brought back your prisoners , some years ago , we thought that we were your

friends , and we heard arquebus and cannon shots

whistling on all sides of us . That frightened us ; wewithdrew ; and , as we have courage for w a r , we tookthe resolution to give proofs of i t th e followingSpring ; [69 i .e . , 96] we appeared in your land , andcaptured Father l e Jogues , with some Hurons .The seventeenth pr esent w a s th e very collar that

H on a tten i a te wore in his country . This young manwas On e of the two prisoner s last captured . Hismother

,who had been Father J ogues

s aunt in th eIroquois country

,sent his collar fo r him who had

given her son his life . When the good womanlear n ed that the good Father whom she called h er

Nephew w a s in this country , she greatly r ejoiced , andher son still mor e so ; for he alw ays seemed sad untilFather Jogues came down from Montreal when hecommenced to br eathe fr eely and be in good spirits .

When this great Iroquois had said all that is men

ti on ed above , he added : I am going to spend theremainder Of the summer in my country in games ,in dances

,in rejoicing for the good of peace ; but I

fear that,while we dance , the Hurons will come to

taunt and importune us . That is w hat occurred a t

that assembly . Every one admitted that this manwas impassioned and eloquent . I gathered onlysome disconnected fragments , taken from the [97]mouth of the interpreter w h o Spoke only in a desultory manner and did not follow the order Observed

by the Barbarian .

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266 LE S RELA TION S D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL. 27

les Alguon quin s , les Hurons , les M on ta i gn ets , 8c les

Attikam egues da n cero ien t tous , fe refio ii yro ien t

auce beaucoup d’

a l l egreEe .

Le lendemain M on fieur l e Gouuern eur fit fefti n atous ceux de ces Nations qui fe trouueren t aux trois

r iui eres , pour les exhorter tous en fem bl e de bannir

toutes les deffian c es qui les pourro i en t diui fer . LesIr oquois tefm o ign eren t toute forte de fa ti sfaéti on , ils

ch a n teren t dan ceren t felon leur couitum e , Kiot

faeton recOm anda fort aux Al guon quin s aux Hurons

d’

obeyr a On on ti o , de fuiure les intentions les

pen fées des Francois .

Le quatorzieme du m efm e mois M on fieur l e

Gouuer n eur r efpondi t aux prefen s des Iroquois , par

quator ze prefen s qui auo i en t tous leurs fign ifica ti on s ,

[98] qui porto ien t leur s parolles , Les Iroquois les

a c cepteren t tous auec de grands tefm o i gn ages de

fati sfacti on qu’

i l s fa i fo i en t paro i ftre par trois grands

cris , pouffez a m efm e temps du fond de leur eftom a ch

a chaque pa ro l l e on a chaque pr efen t qui leur efto i tfait . Ai n fi fut conclue la paix auec eux a condition

qu’

i l s n e fero ien t aucun aéte d’

h o fti l i té auco l es H urons , ou enuers l es autres Nations nos alliées

,ini ques

a c e que l es principaux de ces Nations qui n ’

efto i en t

pas prefen s euffen t agy auco eux .

Cette affaire eftan t h eureufem en t conclue, P ieska

ret fe l euan t fit vn prefen t de quelque pel ter i e a cesAm ba ffadeur s , s

écr i an t que c ’

efto i t vn e pierre ou vn etombe qu

il m etto i t deffus la fo ffe de ceux qui efto ien tmorts au dernier combat , afin qu

’on n e remuai t plus

leurs OS , qu’

on perdit la memoire de cc qui leurefto i t a r r iué fans plus i am a i s pen fer a la vengeace.

Noe'

l Negab [a ]m at fe leua en fui tte, i l m i t au milieu

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268 LES RELA TION S D ES j ES U/TES [VOL. 27

de la place cinq grandes peaux d'

E l an s , voila dit-i l

aux Ir oquois , dequoy vous armer les pieds les

iambes , de peur que vous n e vous bl ef fi ez au retour ,s’

i l refto it encore quelque pierre au chemin [99] que

vous auez appl any. 11 en prefen ta encore cinq autres

pour en feuel i r les corps de ceux que l e combat auo i t

fait mourir, pour appa i fer la douleur de leurs pa

rens amys qui ne les pourro ien t fouEr i r fans fepul

ture , qu’

au refte que luy fes gens qui font a Silleryn

aya n t qu’

vn m efm e coeur auec leur frere a i fn é

M on fieur le Gouuerneur , ils n e fa i fo i en t qu’

vn prefen t

auec l e fien . Finalement on tira trois coups de canonpour ch aEer le manuais air de la guerre , fe refiouyr

du bonheur de la paix .

Quelque temps apres cette a ffembl ée vn Huron malbatty abordant l e Capitaine Iroquois , qui auo it touhours agy parlé , luy voulut ietter quelque defli an cedes Francois ; mais cc Capitaine luy repartit genti

ment en ces termes : I ’ay la face peinte barbo ii i l l ée

d’

vu coi te, de l’autre cofté ie l ’ay toute nette, ie

n e voy pas bien clair du cofté que i e fuis ba rbo ii i l l é,de l ’autre i ’ay la veué

bonne , l e cofté peint eft l e

co fté des Hurons , ie n’

y voy quafi goutte , l o cofté

net eft l e co i tedes Francois ; i’

y voy clair comme enplein midy , cela dit i l fe teut, cet efpr i t mal- fait

demeura confus .i .e. , 100] Sur l e fo i r l e R . P . Vimont Supe

rieur de la M if fion , ayant fait venir les Iroquois dansn o ftre m a i fon , leur fit quelques petits prefen ts , leurdonna dupetun ou tabac , a chacun vn beau calumet on vn e pippe pour l e prendre . Ki otfa eton luy

fit vn remerciement plein d'

efpr i t , quand i e fuis party

de mon pays i’

ay abandonné ma vie , ie me fuis

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1642- 45 ] RELA TION OF 1 644 -45

grave of those who had been killed in the last fight ,so that their bones might no longer be disturbed ;and that the remembrance of what had happenedmight be forgotten , and revenge might no longer bethought of .

Then Noél Negabam a t arose ; he laid down in themiddle of the square five great E lk skins . There

,

"

he said to the Iroquois , is something wherewith to

cover your feet and your legs , lest you might hurtthem on your return journey , if any stone shouldremain in the road [99] that you have made smooth .

He also gave them five others to serve as shrouds forthose who had been killed in the battle

,and to allay

the grief of their relatives and friends , who couldnot bear to have them left unburied . He said , moreover

,that as h e and his people a t Sillery were invited

in heart with their elder brother Monsieur the Gov

c ruor, they gave but one present with his . Finallythree shots were fired from the cannon , to driveaway the foul air of war , and to rejoice at the happy

advent of peace .

Some time after this meeting , an ill-disposed Huron accosted the Iroquois Captain who had alwaysbeen the agent and spokesman , and sought to inspirehim with distrust of the Fr ench . But the Captainnobly replied to him in these terms “ My face is

painted and daubed on one side , while the other isquite clean . I do not see very clearly on the side

that is daubed over ; on the other side my sight isgood . The painted side is toward the Hurons , and

I see nothing ; the clean side is turned toward theFrench

,and I see clearly , a s in broad daylight . ”

Having said this he remained silent ; and that evil

minded man w as covered with confusion .

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270 LE S RELA TION S D E S j ES U J TE S [VOL. 27

ex pofé a la mort , fi bien que ie vous fuis r edeuabl e dec c que i e fuis oncor vinant . Ie vous remercie de ce

que i e voy encore l e Soleil , i e vous remercie de ce

que vous m ’

auez bien receu, i e vous remercie de cc

que vous m ’anez bien tra i tté, i e vous remercie de

toutes les bonnes con clufion s que vous an ez pr i fes,toutes vos paroles nous font ex trem em ent agreabl es ,

ie vous remercie de vos prefen s, vous nous anezcouuers depuis les pieds ini ques a la tefte , i l n e nousrefto i t plus que la bouche de libre , vous l ’an czrem pl y d

vu beau calumet , refio ii ye de la fan eur

d’

vne herbe qui nous eft tr es-douce , i e vous dis doncadieu , non pour long-temps ; car vous aurez bien-toft

de nos n ouuel l es : quand nous ferions naufrage dansles eaux , quand nous ferions bien fubm ergez , ie [ 10 1 ]n o croy pa s que les E lem en s ne rendi Een t quelque

témoignage a nos compatriotes de vos bien - faits :

ie m’

affeure que quelque bon genie nous a deuan cé,que nos compatriotes reffen ten t defi a vn anant

gouft des bonnes n ouuel l es que nous leur allons

porter.

Le Samedy quinzieme ils partirent des trois Rinieres , M onfieur l e Gouuern eur leur donna deux ieun es

garcons Francois , tant pour les aider a reconduireleurs canots , leurs prefen s que pour tefm o ign er la

confian ce qu ’il auo i t en ces peuples .

Le Capitaine Ki otfa eton voyant tous fes gensembarquez efleua fa voix , dit aux Francois aux

Sauuages qui efto ien t fur les rines du grand fleuue.

Adieu m es fr eres , ie fuis de vos parens , i e m’en vay

r apporter de bonnes n ouuel l es en n oftre pays,puis

fe retournant vers M onfieur l e Gouuerneur , On on ti o

ton nom fera grand par toute la terre , i e n e pen fo i s

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272 LE S RELATION S D E S j ES U/TE S [VOL. 27

pas reporter ma tefte que 1 auo i s bazardée i e ne pen

fois pas qu ' elle den i t reforti r de vos portes , i e m’

en

retourne ch a rge d’

honn eur , de prefens , de bien

vei l l an ce. M es freres parlant aux Saunages , Obeyffez

[ 102] a On on tio aux Francois , ils ont l e coeur 8c les

pen fées fort bonnes , tenez-vous bien vnys auec eux

vous accommodez a leurs facon s de faire , vousaurez bien- toft de nos n ouuel les. Les Saun ages refpondirent par vne gentile fa lue d’

arquebufades , l e

Fort tira vn coup de canon , a infi fe termina leur Am

bafiade. Dieu faEe reiifil r l e tout pour fa plus gran de

gloire .

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1642- 45 ] R ELA TION OF 1 644—45

the great r iver Adieu my brothers ; I am one ofyour r elatives . I am going to carry back good news

to our country . Then , turning to Monsieur theGovernor , On on ti o , thy name shall be greatthroughout the ear th ; I did not think that I wouldtake back my head that I had r isked , —I did notthink that i t would go forth from your doors ; and Iam going back loaded with honor , w ith gifts , andwith kindness . My brothers

,speaking to the

Savages ,“ obey [ 102] On on ti o and the French .

Their hear ts and their thoughts are good ; remainunited wi th them and accommodate your selves totheir customs . You will soon have news from us .

The Savages replied by a fine salvo of musketry ,and the Fort fired a cannon shot . Thus ended their

Embassy . May God cause all this to succeed for his

gr eater glory .

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274 LE S R ELA TION S D E S j ES U l TE S [VOL. 27

CHAPITR E X .

SU ITTE D U TRAITTE D E LA PAIX .

L efto i t n eceffa i re pour conclure pour a ffeurer la

paix dans cc n ouueau monde que l es deputez

des Iroquois , les deputez de'

s Hurons les prin

c i paux Capitaines de trois ou quatre peuples Alguo n

quins fe trouua ffen t tous en fem bl e , en vn m efm e

endroit auec M onfieur l e Gouuern eur , que toutes ces

Nations qui parlent de trois ou quatre langues diffe

rentes qui ont des humeur s fi eil o ign ez l es vus des

autres , qui depuis tant d’

an n ées , [ 1 03] fe mangent ,fe deuoren t fe bruil en t comme des enragez

, fiffen t

vn e a éti on de tres-grande fageffe ,que tant de bar

bares inhumains tr ouua ffen t de la douceur pour s’ac

corder , bref , i l fa l l o i t pour mettre tout dans l’affen

rance que l es vn s a l l a ffen t vifiter les autres dans leur

propre pays , tout cela fem bl o i t im pof fibl e a l’indu

fi rie hum aine : mais quand Dieu fe m efle d’

vn e affaire

i l n e peut m‘

aquer de conduite . Les ames fa i n tesefpurées qui fouftien n en t ces panur es peuples par

leurs prier es par leurs voeux ont faits ce grand

ouurage . Iam a i s toutes ces Nations qui on t de cou

ftum e de nous venir voir tous les ans, n

efto i en t def

cendus fi tard , fl elles fuffen t a rr iuées pluto ft elles

n’

auro i en t pfi remonter l es Am ba ffadeurs Ir oquois

qui ten o ien t l e noeud de l ’aEa i re entre l es mains n ’

y

eftan s pas . Nous c i tions tous l es i ours dans l ’atten te ,

ph i l ofophan s de loin fur les fujets qui pouuo ien t

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276 LE S R ELA TION S D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL. 27

caufer vn retardement fi extraordinaire . Il n’

efto i t

defcendu pas vn foul canot , ny des Alguonqui n s , nydes N ipifi[r i ]n ien s , ny des Hurons pour nous donner

quelque con n o i ffan ce de ce qui fe pa ffo i t en cc pays

plus haut,chacun en [ 104] par l o it felon fon genie 8c

con form em en t a fon inclination . Les vn s di fo ien t

que tous les Francois qui efto ien t m ontez au pays desHurons auec nos Peres efto ien t m a ffa crez , que l e

Demon auo i t parlé a quelques Saunages , par con

fequen t qu’il n o fa l l o it plus attendre de n ouuel l es de

ces contrées-la, d

autres plus enclins a prendre debonnes pen fées con i eéturo i en t que ces peuples de

uo ien t venir en grand nombre , qu ' il fa l l o i t beau

coup de temps pour les a ffem bl er . Cependant la fai

fon fe pa it , nos doutes fe voul o i en t changer en

defefpo i r , quand tout a coup on vit pa ro i ftre fur l efieuue de fa inCt Laurens fo i x an te canots de Hurons

chargez de Francois de Saunages de pel ter ies . Le

Per e H ierofm e La l l em an t attendu fouh a i tté depuis

vn e année toute en tiere, dauan tage eito i t dans

cette belle Compagnie , qui refio i iyt i n fin im en t tous

ceux qui fouh a i tten t l e bon-heur du pays , l e fa l ut

de ces peuples . Les fo lda ts Francois que la R eyne

auo i t enuoyez l’

an n ée pa ffée retourn o i en t en bonne

fante, plus chargez de vertu de con n o i Ean ce des

ver i tez Ch reftien n es qu’

i l s n ’en auo ien t embarquez

[ 105 ] an forti r de la France . Les principaux Capitaines des Hurons ram en o ien t l

vn des deux Iroquois

qu’

i l s auo ient pris pr i fonn iers l’

an n ée d’

auparauan t

aupres de Richelieu , auc e deEein de l e prefen ter aM on fieur l e Gouuern eur , comme ils ont fait , a i n fi que

nous allons voir . Ces Capitaines auo i en t ordre de

tout leur pays de tra i tter pl a in em en t de la paix ,

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1642 - 45 ] P ELA TION OF 25 24-

4,

Not a single canoe had come dow n,whether from the

Alguonquin s , th e N ipi si ri n ien s , or the Hurons , tobring us any news of what was going on in the uppercountry . Each one [ 104] spoke of i t according to hisown idea and in accordance w ith his ow n inclination .

Some said that all the Fr ench who had gone up tothe Huron country with our Father s had been massa

cred ; that the Devil had spoken to some Savages ,and that consequently w e need n ot expect any newsfrom those countr ies . Other s , who were mor e in

c l i n ed to take a favorable view of the matter , con

jectured that th ese tribes would come down in greatnumbers

,and that i t r equired a great deal of time to

assemble them . Meanwhile , th e season was passing

away,and our doubts wer e about to change to

despair , w hen all of a sudden we saw upon th e river

saint Lawrence sixty Huron canoes , laden withFrench

,with Savages , and with furs . Father

H ierosm e La l l em an t — whose arrival had been ex

pected and desir ed for a whole year and more w a s

in this fine Company , which greatly rej oiced all w h o

had at heart the welfare Of th e country and th e salva

tion Of these peoples . The Fr ench soldier s w homthe Queen had sent out last year came back in goodhealth ,

better supplied with vir tue and with the

knowledge of Christian truths than when they hadembarked [ 105 ] to leave France . The principalCaptains of the Hurons brought back one Of the twoIroquois whom they had taken prisoners in th e

previous year,near R ichelieu , with the intention of

presenting him to Monsieur the Governor ; this

they did ,as w e shall see . These Captains had

order s from th e whole of their country to enter intofull negotiations for peace and to follow the judg

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278 LE S R ELA TION S D E S j ES U I TES [VOL. 27

de fuiure l es pen fées d’

On on tio . A m efm e temps

les Alguonquin s des Nations plus hautes a rr iueren t ;mais i i a propos qu’on eut dit que quelque pui ffa n ce

fuper ieure eut enuoyé des ouur iers pour les faire

pa ro i ftre a point nommé . Tout cecy fe pa ffo i t aux

trois R iuieres , Oii ils n e m anquo i t plus que les Iro

quo i s qui auo ien t donné pa ro l le de fe trouuer dans

peu de temps,s’ils euffen t retardé quelques i ours ce

grand nombre de Saun ages , Atti kam egues Monta

gnais,A lguonqui n s de l

I il e de la Nation d Iroquet ,autres Hurons fe fuffen t bien-to i l: defil ez diflipez

fans efperan ce de les pouuo i r r’allier de long-temps .

Mais Dieu pren o i t pl a ifir de les faire venir tous les

vus apres les autres aumoment l e plus a propos qu ’on

eut pfi ch o ifir . Les Montagnais s’

y [ 106] trouueren t

fur la fin du mois d’

Aouit , quelques Alguon quin s y

a r r iueren t quelque temps apres . Les Hurons y abor

deren t l e di x iém e Septembre , les Saunages de l’

Iil e

d’

autres nations y defc endi ren t deux ou trois i oursa upa rauan t. M onfieur l e Gouuern eur y monta l e

douzieme du m efm e moys , on n’

a ttendo i t plus que

les deputez des Iroquois . En fin l e quinzieme i l parut

vn canot qui po rto i t cinq hommes de cette Nation ,l efquel s nous a ffeureren t que les prefen s d

On on ti o

auo ien t efté portez en leur pays pour la con firm a tiO

de la paix , qu ’en peu de i ours on verro i t quelques

Am ba ffadeur s del eguez pour luy porter cette parole .

En effet l e dix- feptiém e du m efm e mois nous en

vi fm es quatre , l’

vn defquel s haranguant fur l e bord

du fleuue felon leur couftum e,donna bien de la ioye

a tous les Francois , a plus de quatr e cent Saunagesde diuer fes nations qui fe trouueren t pour lors aux

trois R iuieres . M on fi eur l e Gouuerneur les ayant

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280 LE S RELA TIONS D E S jES U I TE S [VOL. 27

apperceus de loin enuoya au deuan t vn e efco ii ade de

fo lda ts pour em pefch er l e defordre, les fo lda ts s’e

ftan s mis en haye les Iroquois pa fferen t autrauers fans

e ftre oppreffez d’

vn grand nombre [ 107] de perfonn es

qui les rega rdo ien t de tous coftez , apres s'

eftre

r afr a i fch i s l e re i te de la i ourn ée on tint con fei l l e

lendemain en la facon que i e l’ay marqué au Cha

pitre precedent . Ie n ’ay que faire de rei terer fi

fouuen t que l es paroles d’

im portan ce en cc payscy font des prefen s , fuifit de dire que celuy qui

harangue n e fa i fa n t point de prefen s , parle en cestermes .

Ie n ’ay point de voix , ne m’

efcoutez pas ie n e parle

point , ie n’ay en main qu

vn aui ron pour vous ramener vn Francois , qui a dans fa bouche la parole de

t out n o ftre pays . 11 par l o i t du Francois dont i’

ay

fait mention cy-deEus , qui auo i t efte pris auec l e

Pere l e Iognes , auquel les Iroquois auo ien t confié

leurs prefen s , c’

c i t a dir e leurs parolles . Ce Fran

cois tira dix-huit prefen s tous com pofez de porcelaine

aufquel s i l donna cette explication .

Le premier di fo i t qu’

On on tio auo i t vue voix de

tonnerre , qu’il fe fa i fo i t entendre par tout

,qu ’au

bruit de fa parole tout l e pays des Iroquois auo i t i ettéles armes l es haches , mais fi loin au dela du Ciel

,

qu ’il n ’

y auo i t plus de bras au monde a ffez longs

pour les retirer de 1a.

[ 108] Le fecond di fo i t que les armes eftan s hors de

la veue des hommes qu ’i l fe falloir vifiter fans crainte

i o ii i ffa n s de la douceur de la paix .

Au tro ifiém e prefen t , voila dit-i l , reprefen tan s lesIroquois , vn e natte ou vn lit pour vous coucher molle

m ent quand vous viendrez en n oftre pays ; car eftan s

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1642- 45 ] R ELA TION OF 1 5 44-45

and sent a squad of soldiers to meet them and toprevent disorder . The soldier s formed in tw o lines

and the Iroquois passed through them without beingimpeded by a large number [ 107] of persons who

gazed at them on all sides . They rested for the

remainder of th e day , and a council was held on themorrow in th e same manner that I have r elated in

the previous Chapter . It is needless for me to repeat

so Often that words of importance in this country arepresents . Suffi ce i t to say that , as he who haranguedgave no pr esents

,he spoke in these terms :

I have no voice ; do not listen to me . I speaknot ; I hold in my hand only a paddle to br ing youback a Fr enchman in whose mouth i s the messagefrom all our country . He spoke of the Frenchmanwhom I have mentioned above , who had been ta kenprisoner with Father le Jogues , to whom th e Iroquoishad confided their pr esents ,— that i s to say , their

words . This Frenchman drew out eighteen presents ,all consisting Of porcelain beads , of which he gave

this explanationThe fir st said that On on ti o had a voice of thunder ,that he made himself heard everywhere , and that at

the sound of his words th e whole Iroquois countryhad thrown away their weapons and their hatchets ,but so fa r beyond the Sky that there wer e no arms inthe world long enough to draw them back from there .

[ 108] The second said that , as th e arms werebeyond th e Sight of men , they ought to visit each

o ther w ithout fear while they enjoyed the sweets of

peace .

At the third pr esent , Here , he said , r epresenting the Iroquois

, i s a mat or bed on which you can

l ie softly when you come to our country ; for , as we

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282 LE S RELA TIONS D E S j ES U/TE S [VOL . 27

freres nous ferions confus fi nous n e vous tr a i tti on s

pas felon vos m er i tes .

Au 4 . cc n ’eft pas a ffez d’

auo i r vn bon lit , les nuitsfont froides , voila dequoy allumer vn bon feu

vous tenir chaudement , marqués en pa ffa n t que lesSaunages couchent ordinairement pr és du feu .

Au fix iém e [sc . c inquiém e] , que ferui ro i t-i l d’

auo i r

vn bon lit , d’

eftre deffus couchez chaudement fi

vous n’

eftiez bien nourris ; cc prefen t vous aEeure

qu ’on vous fera fei ti n , que vous trouuerez l e

pot au feu a voftre a rr iuée,i l pa r l o i t toufiour s aux

Francois .

Au fix iém e,voila vn peu d’

onguen t pour guer i r les

bl eEures que les Francois fe font faits aux pieds ,allans dans leurs pays heurtan s contr e des pierres ou

contre des racines qu ’on y r encontre a ffez fouuen t .

[ 109] Au 7 . 11 dit que depuis l e lieu Oi l on quitte

l’

eau pour pr endre terre,11 y auo i t bien trente lieues

de chemin iufques en leurs bourgades , 8c qu’il fa l l o i t

porter tout l e bagage a pied , que les Francois ayanseu de la peine , ce pr efen t adouc i ffo it vn petit leur s

efpaul es déchirées par la pefa n teur des paquets .Au 8 . voila pour donner a ffeuran ce aux Francois

que s’

ils fe veulent marier en leurs pays qu’

i l s y

trouueron t des femmes comme efta n s leurs amis

alliez .

Au 9 . comme les Alguonquin s auo ien t dit au pre

mier voyage des Iroquois , que les principaux de leur

Nation c itant abfen s ils n e pouuo ien t donner aucune

parole a ffeurée . Ce prefen t fut fait afin qu’

i l s parlaifent tous , qu

i l s me s’

ex cufa ffen t point les vn s fur

l es autres ; mais qu’

i l s dec l a raflen t nettement leurs

prefen s .

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284 LE S R ELA TION S D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL. 27

Au 10. voila dit celuy qui les ex pl iquoi t pour faire

parler les Hurons , pour tirer leurs fen tim en s du

fond de leurs coeurs .L

on z i ém e prefen t di fo i t que les principaux Iro

quo i s n o fa i fo ien t rien que petuner en leurs pays ,

qu’

i l s auo ien t toufiours l e calumet en la bouche . Ilsvoul o ient dire qu

i l s a ttendo ien t la parole des Al

guonquin s [ 1 10] des Hurons .Au 1 2 . i l s di fo ien t que les ames de leurs parenstuez en guerre s 'efto i en t fi profondem en t retirez dansl e centre de la terre , que i am a i s plus ils n ’

y pour

ro ien t pen fer , c’

eft a dire qu’

i l s auo ient eEa cé la

vengeance de leur coeur .

Au 1 3 . ils ont Obe'

i‘

a la voix de M onfieur l e Gouuer

n eur qui auo i t ordonné qu ’on fufpendi t les armesqu’on cachai t les haches , c

c it pourquoy ils ont paffetout l ’efté en dances en feftin s fans pen fer a laguerre .

Au I4 . Ils veul l en t fcauo i r au plutoft s’ils conti

nueront leurs dances , par con fequen t ils defiren tque les Alguonqui n s 8c les Hurons fe h aften t de parler , c

c it a dire de porter des prefen s en leur payss ’ils veulent la paix .

Le 1 5 . efto it pour adoucir les fatigues des Francoisqui auo ien t efté en leur pays , l efquel s fa i fan s dili

gence de rapporter a On on ti o des n ouuel l es des Iro

quo i s, auoi en t pris beaucoup de peine .

Le I 6 . pr i oi t On on ti o de faire retourner dan s l e

pays des Iroquois vn e femme de leur pays , qui auo i tefté pr i fe en guerre par les Alguon qui n s, donnée

aux [ 1 1 1 ] Francois . Cette femme fut men ée en

Fran ce 11 y a quelques années , apres auo i r efté

in ftruite bapti fée, elle eft morte au Conuen t des

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1642—45 ] R ELA TION OF 1 644—45

from one to th e other , but clear ly declare their

presents .At the 10th , This , said he who explained

them , is to make th e Hurons speak , and to drawtheir sentiments from th e depth Of their hearts .The eleventh pr esent said that the Iroquois chiefsdid nothing but smoke in their country , and thattheir calumets w er e always in their mouths . Theyw ished to say that they awaited th e w ord of the

Alguon quin s [ I 10] and of th e Hurons .At the 1 2 th , they said that the souls of their rela

tives who had been killed in w a r had withdraw n sofar into the center Of the ear th that they could neverthink Of them again ,

that is to say ,that they had

wiped out vengeance from their hear ts .At the i 3th ,

they obeyed the voice of Monsieurthe Governor ,

who had ordered that hostilities besuspended

,and that th e hatchets be hidden . For

that reason ,they had passed th e summer in dancing

and feasting,w ithout thinking of war .

At th e 14th ,they wished to know as soon as possible

if they should continue their dances ; and , con se

quently,they desir ed that th e Alguon qui n s and th e

Hurons should hasten to speak ,— that is to say , to

carr y presents to their country , if they w ished for

peace .

The 1 sth was to lessen the fatigues of the Frenchwho had been in their country , who had used muchdiligence and had taken much trouble to bring news

from the Iroquois to On on ti o .

The i 6th begged On on tio to have a woman of theIroquois country sent back to it , who had been taken

in war by the Al guonquin s and given to the [ 1 1 1 ]French . This woman was taken to France some

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286 LE S RELA TION S D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL. 27

Carmelites de Paris,auc e de grandes marques de fon

fa lut , comme i l a efté r emarqué és R elations precedentes .

Le I 7 . pr io it Onon ti o de fonder les Hurons l es

Alguonquin s , de dire nettement qu ’elle eftoi t leur

pen fée touchant la paix ou la guerre .

Le 1 8 . efto i t vn ex cufe de cc qu’

i l s n’

auo ien t pas

ramené vn petit Francois qu’

i l s tiennent en cor en leur

pays . 11 n ’eft point captif , di fo i t-i l , i l reui endra

auec ceux qui porteront la parole des Alguonqui n sdes Hurons .

Ces prefen s faits , l e plus remarquable des Iroquoisfe leua , tirant de fon fac quelques prefens de por celaine , parla en ces termes .

Au premier prefen t qu’il ten oi t en la main , qu’il

m on ftro it a toute l ’a ffem bl ée , fe promenant pa r la

place , dit que fon pays efto i t plein de Hurons de

femmesAlguonquines (car pour les hommes Al guonquins ils n e leur donn o i en t iam a i s la vie) qu

’au rei te

ces hommes ces [ 1 1 2] femmes efto ien t a f fis fur des

bufches ou des pieds de bois hors de leurs bourgades , c

eft a dire , qu’

i l s n’

efto i en t point retenus

qu’

i l s efto ient tous prefts de retourner en leur pays ,a i n fi que l e bois fec qui n ’a point de racines fur

lequel ils font afll s, peut e i tre facilement tran fpor té.

Au 2 . prefen t i l dit que la petite Huronne appellee

Therefe, qui auo it efté pr i fe fortant du Seminaire

des Vr ful ines comme on la ram en o i t en fon pays

efto i t toute prei te d’

eftre del iurée, que {1 les Huronsen tro ien t dans la paix , qu

’elle s’

en retournero i t auec

eux fi elle voul o i t , fin on qu’

i l s 1a retiendro i en t comme

vn enfant nourrie de la main des Francois , pourpreparer leur manger quand ils i ro i en t en leur pays .

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288 LE S R ELA TION S D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL . 27

Le 3 . porto i t que tous les prefen s que M r l e Gou

uern eur auo i t fait aux premiers Am ba ffadeurs auo ien t

efté portez felon fon ordre a toutes les Nations quileur font alliées . I l les nomma toutes .

Au 4 . I l dit qu’

On on ti o auo i t enfanté On on jote ,

c’c it vn e bourgade qui leur eft alliée , mais qu’

eftat

encore en fat i l n’

auo i t pfi parler , que 11 M . l e Gou

uern eur en auo i t foin i l deui endr o i t grad qu ’il par

l ero i t . [ 1 1 3] I] voul o i t dir e , que l e pr efen t fait acette bourgade efto i t petit pour traiter vn e paix

d’

im portan ce, qu’il l e fa l l o i t aggra ndi r pour auo i r

leur parole . Ce di fcours finy ,l’

H i r oquo i s fe mit achanter a dan fer , i l prit vn Francois d

vu co fté, vn

Algonquin vn Huron de l ’autr e , fe tenant tous

liez auec les bras , ils dan fo ien t a la cadence , chan

to ien t d’

vn e voix forte vn e ch an fon de paix , qu’

i l s

pouffo ien t du fond de leur eftom a ch .

Apres cette dan fe vn Capitaine Huron ,nommé

Iean Bapti fte Ati r on ta , bon Ch refti en , fe leua h a

rangua fort ferme . C ’en eft fait , dit- i l , nous fom m es

freres , la con c lufion eft pr i fe , nous voila tous par ens ,H i roquo i s , Hurons , Algonquins Francois , nous n o

fom m es plus qu’

vn e m efm e chofe . Ne traby per

fonn e, dit- i l a l’

H i roquo i s, pour nous autres fca chez

que nous auon s l e coeur droit . Ie t’

en tend, refpon

dit l ’H i roquo i s , ta parole eft bonne , tu me trouuera s

veritable . Et puis efleuan t l e dernier prefen t i l

s’

efcr i a , tout l e pai‘

s qui nous fepa re eft r em pl y

d’

Ours , de Cerfs , d’

El a n s de Gai tors , 8: de quantité

d’

autres be i tes , pour moy ie fuis aueugl e , ie chaffe al'

auen ture , quand i’

ay tué [ 1 14] vn Gai tor , ie peni e

auo i r fait vue grande pr i fe : mais vous parlant des

Algonquins , qui anez des yeux clair-voya n s , vous n e

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1642—45 ] R ELA TION OF 1 644—45

her as a child brought up by the hand of the

French , in order to prepare their food when theywent to their own country .

The 3 rd meant that all the gifts that Monsieur theGovernor had given to th e first Ambassador s had been

carr ied , according to h i s orders , to all the Tribeswho are allied to them . He named all these .

At th e 4th , he said that On on ti o had given bir th

to On on jote — this is a village that i s allied tothem— but that , as it was still only a child , i t couldnot speak ;23 that , if Monsieur the Governor took car eof i t , i t w ould grow and speak . [ 1 1 3] He meant thatthe present made to that village was a small one fornegotiating an impor tant peace , and that i t must beincr eased , in order to get their promise . When thisdiscourse w a s ended , the H i r oquo i s began to sing

and to dance . He took a Frenchman on one side ,an Algonquin and a Huron on th e other ; and , holding one another by th e arms , they danced in time ,and sang in a loud voice a song of peace w hich they

utter ed from the depths Of their chests .After this dance , a Huron Captain named JeanBaptiste Ati ron ta , a good Christian , arose and harangued loudly and resolutely . It is done

,he

said ; we a r e brothers . The conclusion h a s been

reached ; now we all are relatives , H i roquo i s ,

Hurons,Algonquins

,and French ; we are n ow but

one and the same people . Betray no one , he said

to the H i r oquo i s As for us , know that we have

sound hear ts . I hear thee , replied the Hir o

quo i s ; thy word is good ; thou wilt find me true .

Then,raising the last present , he exclaimed ,

“ Allthe country that lies between us is full of Bears , of

Deer,of Elk ,

of Beaver , and of numerous other

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290 LE S RELA TION S D E S [ ES U I TE S [VOL. 27

faites que lancer l ’efpée voila la befi e a bas . Ce

prefen t vous inui te a la chaffe , nous jo i i i ron s devoftre i nduftr ie, nous ferons r ofti r les animaux dansvn e m efm e broche , nous mangeron s d’

vu cofté,

vous de l ’autre .

Vn Algonquin repartit a cela : Ie ne puis plus parler , mon coeur a trop de joye , i

ay de grandes oreilles , tant de bons di fcours y en tran s a la foule men oyent de pl a ifir . I l eft vray que ie no fuis qu

vn

enfant , cet [sc . c’efi ] On on ti o qui a les grandesparoles en bouche , c

eft luy qui fait la terre , qui

refio ii i t tous les hommes .Pour con clufion de cc con fei l M onfieur l e Gouuer

n eur fit remercier ces trois Nations des bonnesparoles qu ’elles auo ien t données, les ex h ortan s de

tenir ferme dans leurs deffein s , les a ffeurant qu ’il

leur fero i t toufiours amy parent fidel .

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292 LE S R E LA TION S D E S [ ES U J TE S [VOL. 27

[ 1 1 5 ] CHAPITR E XI .

DE LA DER N IER E ASSEMBLEE TENU E POU R LA PAIX .

E vingtieme du m efm e mois de Septembre , fut

tenue la derniere a ffem bl ée entr e les Francois ,les Algonquins qui comprennent plufieurs

petites Nations , les Hurons l es H i roquo i s . Vo i cy

en peu de mots tout ce qui s’

y paffa de plus remar

quabl e .

M onfieur l e Cheua l i er de Montmagny ayant receu

tous les prefen s dont i l eft fait mention au Chapitre

precedent , les fit diui fer en trois parts , s’

a c com m o

dant aux couftum es de ces peuples . E t apres auo i r

fait parler fes T ruch em en s , 11 en offrit vme partie

aux Hurons , vue autre par tie aux Algonquins , la

tro ifiém e fut pour les Francois . N ottez en pa ffa n t

qu’il fa l l o it parler en quatr e for te [s] de langues , en

Francois , en Huron , en Algonquin ,en H i r oquo i s .

On trouue icy des Interpretes de toutes ces langues .

Ces prefen s faits M on fieur [ 1 1 6] l e Gouuern eur en

fit deux autres aux H iroquo i s , l'

vn pour effuyer les

larmes des parens de la femme H i roquo i fe qu’

i l s

auo i en t demandé , qui efto i t morte en France,

l’autre pour r epofer fes os en fon pa1s , ou pour la

faire reuiure , fa i fan t porter fon nom a quelque autrefemme . De plus 11 en fit encore deux autres

aux Hurons 8c aux Algonquins,pour les inui ter

de dire librement leurs pen fées fur l e deEein de la

paix : car c’

efto i t luy , a proprem en t p a r l er qui en

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1642—45 ] RELA TION OF 1 644—45

[ 1 1 5] CHAPTER XI .

OF TH E LAST MEETING HELD FOR THE PEACE .

N the twentieth of th e same month of September , the last meeting was held betweenthe French , the Algonquins , who compr ise

several petty Tribes , - the Hurons,and the Hiro

quo i s . Her e , in a few words , a re all the mostremarkable things that occur red .

When Monsieur th e Chevalier de Montmagny hadreceived all th e pr esents mentioned in the for egoing

Chapter , he had them divided into three por tions , in

accordance with the usages of these peoples ; and ,after having made h i s Interpreter speak , he Offer ed

one por tion to th e Hurons , another portion to theAlgonquins , w hile the third was for th e French .

Observe , in passing , that it w a s necessary to speak infour differ ent languages

,in French

,in Huron

,in

Algonquin , and in H i roquo i s ; we have here Inter

preters of all those languages . When these gifts hadbeen presented

,Monsieur [ 1 16] th e Governor gave

two other s to the H i roquo i s ,— one to w ipe away the

tears of the r elatives Of the H i roquo i s woman whomthey had asked for , and who had died in France ; th e

other that her bones might be laid to rest in her own

country, or that she might be brought back to life ,

by making some other woman bear her name .

Mor eover,he also gave two others to the Hurons

and to the Algonquins , to invite them to express theirthoughts freely with reference to the peace ; for it

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294 LE S RELA TIONS D E S [ ES U J TES [VOL. 27

efto i t l'

autheur , qui la pro curo i t a ces peuples .

A cette parole vn Capitaine Huron s’

él eua dit ,

qu’

aupa r auan t que de refpondre a la voix d’

On on ti o ,

i l luy voul o i t faire prefen t de la part de tout fon pai'

s

d’

vn H i roquo i s pr i fon n ier qu’il auo i t tefm o igné deh

rer dés l ’a n n ée precedente : i l prend donc ce pri fon

nier d’

vn e main , de l ’autre i l ten o i t vn e branche de

Porcelaine en baitou , pa ffan t au trauers de la

place met cc panur e H i roquo i s au pied de M on fieur

l e Gouuern eur , auec cette Porcelaine qui reprefen to i t

fon lien , marque de fa captiui té.

M onfieur l e Gouuern eur ayant agreé cc pr i fon n ier ,

le fit conduir e aufii - toft auec [ 1 1 7] i on lien de Porce

laine au quartier ou efto i en t a ifis les H i roquo i s, luy

donnant la liberté , l e rem ettat entre les mains de

fes Compatriotes . Ce ienne fo lda t fit a ffez paro i ftrea fa mine qu ’il pren o i t grand pl a ifir de fe voir douce

ment conduit vers fon Capitaine,apres auo i r efch ap

pé l e feu la dent de fes ennemis , qui deui en n en tfes amis .

Cette cerem on i e faite, l e Capitaine Huron refpondi t

a la fom m a ti on de M on fieur l e Gouuern eur par

quatorze prefen s qu’il fit aux H i r oquo i s , dont vo i cy

l’

ex pl i ca ti on . Ces prefen s efto i en t com pofez de

peaux de Gai tors , de Porcelaine .

Au premier , voila , dit- i l , l e lien du pr i fon n ier qui

s’

efch appa de nos mains , l’

Autom n e paffe. Vous

fcaurez en pa ffa n t que les Hurons auo ien t pris trois

H i roquo i s auprés de R ichelieu, qu

i l s en auo ien t

donné vn aux Algonquins,lequel fut m i s par apres

entre les mains de M r l e Gouuern eur . Ils m en eren t

les deux autres dans leur pai‘

s . En chemin l ’vn de ces

deux pr i sOn iers s’

efch appa : mais l e froid,la faim

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296 LE S R E LA TIONS D E S j ES U I TES [VOL. 27

la m i fere l o firen t mourir dans les bois . Il efto i t

d’

vn e bourgade nommée On on jote, animée an der

nier po in ét contre les Hurons [ 1 1 8] dautan t que ces

peuples dans vn combat ex term in eren t quah tous les

hommes de cette bourgade , laquelle fut contrainte

d’

enuoyer demander aux H i roquo i s , nommez Agn ier

r on on s , aneo l efquel s nous auon s fait la paix ,des

hommes pour fe mar ier aux fi l l es aux femmes qui

efto i ét reftées fans maris , afin que leur nation n e

perit point C’

eft pourquoy les H i roquo i s nomment

cette bourgade leur Enfant; Et pour c e que M on fieur

l e Gouuern eur leur a enuoyé des prefen s , fait la

paix auec ceux qui les on t repeuplez,ils l e nomment

auf fi l e Per e de cette bourgade . R entrons, s

i l vous

pl a i ft , en di fc our s . Ce Capitaine Huron offrit donc

les liens de c e pr i fon n i er efch appé pour marque qu’on

n e l’

auro i t pas fait mour ir,qu’on auo i t deEei n de

l e mettre en liberté .

Au fecond prefen t , voila , dit- i l , pour reporter les

os de voftre enfant dans fon pai’

s . C’

eft la couf’tum e

des Hurons de dech a rn er les OS de leurs gens , de

les porter auc c ceux de leur s parens,en quelque

quartier dumonde qu’

i l s meur ent .

Au tro ifiém e , vo i cy l e lieu qui r a ffem bl era ces OS ,

qui vous les fera r apporter plus a i fém en t : En vn

mot , i l les voul o i t [ 1 1 9] con fo l er effuyer leurs

larmes a la facon des Barbares qui font des prefen saux parens de leurs amis trefpaEez .

Au qua tr i ém e pour marque que nous fom m es amis ,cc prefen t fera vn chemin de vos bourgades dans les

n o ftres .

Le c in quiém e fa i fo i t l’

ouuertur e des portes de

leurs villages de leur m a i fon s .

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1642—45 ] RELA TION OF 1 644—45

Governor ; and had taken the two other s to their ow n

country . On e Of these tw o captives escaped on th eway , but he died in the woods of cold , hunger , andexposur e . He belonged to a vi l l age called On oa té,

that was angered to the last degree against th e

Hur ons ; [ 1 1 8] for that nation had , in a battle , exter

m i n a ted nearly all th e men of that village , w hich

w a s compelled to send to th e H i r oquo i s— w h o are

called Agn i er r on on s , and with whom w e have madethe peace — for men to mar ry th e gir ls , and thewomen who w er e left w ithout husbands , so th at theirtribe might n ot become extinct . That is w hy th eH i roquo i s call that village their Child ; and , because

Monsieur the Governor had sent them presents , andmade peace with those w h o had r epeopled theirvillage

,they also called him i ts Father . Let us

r eturn to our subject , if you please . The HuronCaptain ther efore OEered th e bonds Of the prisoner

who had escaped,as a token that they w ould n ot

have put him to death , and that they had intended

to set him at liber ty .

At the second pr esent , This , said he , is to

carry back the bones of your child to h i s country .

It is the custom Of th e Hurons to remove the fleshfrom th e bones Of their people , and to place them

with those of their r elatives , in whatever quarter of

the world they may die .

At th e third ,“ Her e is the bond that w ill bind

those bones together,and enable you to carry them

more easily . In a word,he wished [ I 19] to console

them and to wipe aw ay their tear s , according to the

fashion Of the Barbarians , who give presents to th e

relatives of their deceased fr iends .

At the fourth,he said , This is a token that we

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298 LE S R ELA TIONS D E S j ES U /TE S [VOL. 27

Le fi x iém e les i nuito i t d’aller vifiter quelques pri

fon n iers H i roquo i s que les Hurons ten o ien t en leur

pays , c’

efto i t leur demander qu’

i ls porta ifen t des

prefen s pour l es aller requerir en a ffeuran ce.

Le fepti ém e,comme les H i roquo i s auo i en t dit dans

l’

aEem bl ée precedente que On onjoté efto i t leur en

fant,l ’enfant do M r l e Gouuern eur , qu ’il n e i ca

uo i t pas encore parler : Voila , dit ce Capitaine , pour

luy faire vn berceau den otan t que les Hurons defir o i en t la paix auec cette bourgade .

Le hui étiém e fut donné pour faire tomber toutes

les armes toutes les haches qui fe pour ro ien t en cor

trouuer dans les mains des Iroquois .

Le n eufiém e pour arracher leur bouclier de deffus

leur dos o iI ils l e portent ordinairement l ’aua ncan t ou

l’

eflo ign an t comme [ 1 20] ils veul l en t dans l e combat .

Le di x i ém e pour mettr e bas leur Etenda rt de

guerre .

Le vn z iém e pour a r refter l e bruit de leur s arque

buzes .

Le douzieme pour eEa cer la peintur e de leur vi fage ,

les Saunages ont couftum e quand ils vont en guerre

de fe peindr e de diuer fes couleurs de s’

huyl er ou

de fe gr effer la tefte l e vi fage; Voila , dit- i l , pour

emporter les taches de vo ftre vi fage de vos yeux

afin que l e i our fo i t tout beau tout fer a i n .

Le trei z i ém e fut pour br ifer la chaudiere dans la

quelle ils fa i fo i en t bo ii i l l i r les Hur ons qu’

i l s pou

noient attraper en guerre pour les manger .

Le quatorzieme dem a ndo it qu ’on prepa r a ft vne

natte c ’

eft a dir e vn l i ét ou vn logis aux Hurons qui fedeuo i en t bien-toft tran fporter au pays des H i roquo i s .

Tous ces prefen s , adjouita - i l , n e font rien , nous

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300 LE S R ELA TION S D E S j ES U I TE S [VOL. 27

en auon s bien d’

autres dans n of’tre pays qui vousattendent .

Les Hurons ayans refpondu a la demande de Monfieur l e Gouuerneur , témoigné par tous ces prefen s

qu’

i l s fouh a i to ien t la paix , vn Algonquin fe leua

fit [ 1 2 1 ] quelques prefen s , dont vo i cy la fign ificati on .

Au premier i ettan t vn paquet de Gai tors , voilapour me faire conn o i ftre , de quelle nation ie fuis ,moy qui demeure dans des m a i fon s volantes ba ftiesde petites efcorces, c

eft a infi qu’

i l s di itinguen t lesAlgonquins Erran s d’

auec les H a ros feden ta i res .

Au deux iém e , cc prefen t a rreftera vos plaintes , i l

eftouffera vos reffen tim és 8c fera di fpa r o i ftre le fang

refpandu dans nos r iui eres 8c dans les vo itres des

Algonquins des H i roquo i s.

Ce tro ifiém e prefen t nous donnera libre entrée dans

vos m a i fon s ayans brifé les portes de vos bourgades .Le qua tr i ém e , voila pour petun er les vn s auec

les autres H i roquo i s Alq uin s dans vn e m efm e

pipe , comme font les amis qui prennent du tabac paren fembl e .

Le c inqui ém e nous fera n aui ger dans vn m efm e

va i ffeau, ou dans vn m efm e canot , en forte que n’

e

ftan t plus qu’

vn i l n e faudra plus qu’

vne m ém e bour

gade , vne m efm e m a i fon , vn m efm e Calumet vn

meimo canot . Le rei te de nos paroles ou de nos

prefens fera porté en voftre pays , voila comme i l fin i tfon di fcours .

[ 1 22] M onfieur l e Gouuerneur fit parler en fuite

l es interpretes , OEran t vn prefen t qui donn o i t affenrance aux H i roquoi s qu

’il ti endro it la main que ces

deux grandes nations tin fent leur paroles .11 fit ca cor vn autre prefen t pour e i tre porté dans la

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1 642—45 ] RELA T/ON OF 1 644—45

The fourteenth asked that a m a t — that is to say,a

bed or a lodging — be prepared for the Hurons whowould soon go to the H i roquo i s country .

“ All these pr esents , he added , are nothing ; wehave many other s in our country

,w hich aw ait you .

“Then th e Hurons had r eplied to the demand Of

Monsieur the Governor , and had manifested by allthese pr esents that they desired peace

,an Algonquin

arose and gave [ 1 2 1 ] some presents , of which the

following is the meaning :

At the first , he thr ew down a bundle Of Beaver

skins .

“ This i s to Show who I am,and to what

nation I belong , I w h o live in traveling h ouses builtOf small pieces of bark . Thus they distinguish theWander ing Algonquins from the Hurons

,who a re

sedentary .

At the second , This present w ill stop your complaints ; i t w ill subdue your anger ,

and will cause ourriver s and yours to w ash aw ay th e blood that hasbeen shed by Algonquins and by H i roquo i s .

This third pr esent w ill give us fr ee entrance toyour houses , after breaking dow n the gates of yourvillages .

At the four th , Her e is something w herewith to

smoke with one another , both H i roquo i s and Algonquins , in the same pipe , a s fr iends do w h o use

tobacco together .

“ The fifth w ill make us sail in th e same ship orin the same canoe ; so that , a s w e shall be but one

people,but one village , one house , one Calumet , and

one canoe will be needed . The remainder of ourwords

,or of our presents , will be carried to your

country . Thus he ended his speech .

[ 1 2 2] Monsieur the Governor afterward made the

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302 LE S R ELATIONS D E S [ ES U J TE S [VOL. 27

bourgade d’

On [on ]joté afin de donner des n ouuel l es

a fon enfant (pour s accommoder a leurs termes)qu’il auo i t deh r d’

em bel l i r toute la terre , de l’

ap

pl an i r en forte qu’on poui t aller par tout fans trefbu

cher fans trouuer aucun manuais rencontre .

Le Capitaine H i roquo i s ayant receu ces prefen s

fe leuc regardant l e Soleil 8c puis toute l ’afl'

em bl ée,

On on ti o ,dit- i l , tu as difii pé tous les nuages , l

’air ef’t

fer a in , l e Ciel pa ro i ft a defcouuert, l e Soleil ef’t bril

lant,i e n e vois plus de trouble , la paix a tout mis

dans l e Calme , mon coeur eft en repos , i e m’en vais

bien content .

On on ti o , ayant fait exhorter tous ces peuples a laconfi ance a la fidel i té, rompit l

a ffem bl ée,l e

lendemain 11 fit vn feftin a plus de quatre cens

perfonn es a la facon des Saunages .Voila qui va bien , di fo i en t tous les conuiez , nous

mangeons tous en fem bl e , [ 1 2 3] n’anons plus qu

vn

m efm e plat . Le R euerend Pere H ierofm e La l em an t

qui efto i t party des Hurons dans les craintes de ren

contrer des H i roquo i s , les vid d’

vn oeil tout plein de

ioye dans ces a ffem bl ées . I l efto i t rany voyant vn

changement fi miraculeux , i l en fit ben i r Dieu en

public en particulier .

Enfin l e 2 3 . de Septembre ces Am ba ffadeurs Hiro

quo i s accompagnez de deux Francois , de deux Algon

quins de deux Hurons , s’en retourn eren t en leurs

pays , l a i ffan t parm y nos Saunages , maintenant leurs

alliez , trois hommes de leur nation , comme pour

hoftages ou pluto f’c pour marque d’

am i tié.

Que l e Dieu des Dieux fo i t beny a i am a i s , que fon

Nom fo i t glorieux dans toutes les Contrées de la

Terre . Si ces Barbares qui pour n e pa s con n o i ftre

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LE S RELA TIONS D ES [ ES U I TES [VOL. 27

Dieu n’

ont guere de iufti ce , ny de fermeté n e trou

blent cette paix conclue pour les Francois bien

auan cée pour les Saunages , i l y aura moyen d’

aller

fouEr ir pour I E sV s C H R I s T dans vn grand nombrede peuples .

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1642- 45 ] R ELA TION OF 1 644—45

Praised forever be the God of Gods ; may hisName be glor ified in all the Countries of the Earth .

If these Barbar ians - who,because they know n ot

God , have hardly any equity or stability — do n o t

disturb this peace , — which is concluded,as fa r a s

the Fr ench are concerned ; and in a very advancedstate , a s regards th e Savages ,— i t will be. possible togo and suff er for J E S U S C H R I S T in a gr eat manynations .

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308 LE S RELA TION S D E S [ ES U I TES

down to 1 75 5 ; but the manuscripts of this continuation

,which must have comprised at least two mor e

volumes,have disappeared . In 1 897 , the Abbé Henri

R . Ca sgra in , of Laval University , made specialresearches for the missing volumes in England

among the heirs of William Smith , the historian ofCanada — but without success . Smith had quoted

from it under date of December 20, 1 7 10, and again

under 1 75 2 and in his preface he specially mentions“ the Jesuits ' Journals among the sources fromwhich he der ived valuable information . Mgr.Thomas E . Hamel , librar ian Of Laval University ,writes us , May 7 , 1 898 , that he i s under the impression that Mr . Smith had only a ccess to the manu

scripts , and was not the owner of them ; and that it

is only by mer e chance that the missing volum esca n be found — i f, in fact , they have not perished

al together .In 1 87 1 the j our na l des j esuites was first printed

under the editorship Of th e Abbés Laverdiere andCa sgra in ; but after a few Copies

,perhaps about sixty

,

had been distr ibuted , a fir e broke out in the printingestablishment of the publisher

, Leger Brousseau ,and nearly all the remaining copies were consumed .

A few Of them (Henry C . Murphy says twelve,but a

penciled memorandum in the copy in the WisconsinHistorical Society ' s library says forty) , which wer e

singed and water -stained , were afterward bound up ,and are now occasionally met with . A descriptionof this printed edition follow sLe Journal des Jésuites publié d ’apres l e

manuscrit original con serve aux archives du Seminaire de Québec par MM . l es abbés Laverdi

‘ereet Ca sgra in

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B I B L IOGRAP H I CAL DA TA : VOL . XXVI ] 309

A Québec Chez Léger Brousseau,Imprimeur

Editeur, 7 , rue Buade . 1 87 1

Title with verso blank,

1 leaf ; Prefa ce ,pp .

v .- x . ; E rrata , w ith verso blank , 1 leaf ; calen darfrom 1 64 5 to 1668 , twelve unnumbered leaves— com

prising signatur es A — F in tw os ; ten Latin hexam eters with verso blank , 1 leaf ; text , pp . 3

—36 1 ;

p . 362 blank ;“ Table des M a ti

eres , pp . 363—403 .

In 1 893 , J . M . Valois , of Montreal , published areprint of th e 1 87 1 edition ; but omitted the leaf oferr ata . In some cases th e errata wer e corrected inth e text , though n ot always ; and in one case (p . 1 72 ,

l . an insertion was made for a transposition .

The cover-title of the Montr eal edition is dated1 893 ; but the title -page has the date 1 892 .

Copies of th e 1 87 1 edition have been sold or pr icedas follows : Murphy sale no . 1 349 , sold for

$8 ; auction sale of Bangs CO . , New York , Nov .

1 1 , 1 895 , for and pr iced by R aoul R enault

a t $30 . The 1 893 r epr int is wor th about $ 5 .

LV

In r epr inting the text of th e R ela tion of 1 644 — 4 5

(Par is , we follow a copy owned by The Burrows Brother s Company , Cleveland , and which i s aduplicate from th e collection in the Lenox Librar y .

The Pr iui l ege is dated Donné a Paris l e vn z i ém e

Decembre 164 5 ; and the date of Perm ifil on

follows the form Of that Of the R el a tion of 1 63 8 , and

reads Fait a Paris l e 26 . Mars 1 638 . E STIENNEB INET . It is generally designated as H . 84 ,

because descr ibed in H a rr i sse’

s N otes , no . 84

Col l a tion : Title , with ver so blank , 1 leaf ; Table

des Chapitres ,” pp . Pr iui l ege, with Per

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3 10 LE S R ELA TION S D E S [ ES U I TE S

mi ll i on on the verso , 1 leaf‘; one blank leaf ,

completing sig. a in four ; text of Vim on t’

s R el a tion ,

pp . 1 — 1 3 5 ; Jerome La l em a n t’

s Hur on R el a tion , pp .

1 36— 1 83 ; verso of p 1 83 blank . Pp . 96 , 100, and 1 80

are mispaged 69, I 1 0 , and 80 , respectively

Copies Of this R ela tion may be found in the following libraries : Lenox , Harvard , Brown (private) , Ayer

(private) , New York State Library , Laval University

(Quebec) , Bibliotheque Na ti on a l e (Paris) , and theBritish Museum (two Copies

,both badly cut at bot

tom) . The Henry C . Murphy copy w a s sold withothers en bloc in 1 884 : at the Bar low sale a

copy , no . 1 290, sold for $29 ; and a Lenox duplicate

was sold by Bangs CO .,of New York , on April 29 ,

1 895 , for This annual does not come intothe market as generally as do some Of the others .

We have searched in vain for data in several Parisian

booksellers ’ catalogues , covering a period of severalyears .

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3 12 LE S RELA TION S D E S [ E‘

s U I TE S

S il lery ,w here esta tes h ad been gra n ted to him ; h i s influen ce in New

France w a s grea t, M ontm agny a ppo inted h im hi s representa tive,

dur ing the form er’

s absen ces from Quebec . As he cam e from the

same province a s M a isonneuve, Ml le. M an ce. a nd M l l e. B ourgeo is,and w a s, besides, their person a l fr iend,

h is advice w as sough t by

the founders of Montrea l a s w el l a s by those o f Quebec . Wh ile ona voyage to Fra nce for the sake of h is hea lth , he died a t sea . in

1 65 1 .— Sui te

'

s Ca n . Fr a npa z'

s , vo l . i i. , p. 80. Chavigny m arr iedEléonore de Grandm a ison , w hose th ird husband w a s Ja cques Gourdeau (vo l . x i . , n ote

7 (p. Gil les N i co let, a secul a r pr iest, cam e to Ca nada probably in 1 640 o r 1 641 . H e ofli c i a ted for severa l yea rs a t Beauporta nd other outl ying settlem ents where churches w ere n ot yet estab

l ished, and return ed to Fran ce in October , 1 647.

8 (p. St. Sauveur w a s a n other secul a r pr iest ; see sketch in

vol . x x iv. , n ote 7.

9 (p .— Th is w a s Z ach a r ie Cloutier , a ca rpen ter . w ho came

to Quebec w ith Gifl‘ard H e had a w ife and five ch ildren ;one of the daugh ters m arr ied Franco is M a rguer ie (vo l . x . , n ote

and a son m a rr ied M ar ie, daughter of Abrah am M a rtin . Cloutiersettled a t Ch a teau-R icher ; h is dea th occurred in Septem ber , 1 677.

10 (p. Charles le M oyne (Lem oine) , a n a tive of D ieppe,France (bo rn cam e to Can ada about 1 641 , a t the instance ofh is un c le, Adr ien du Chesne (vo l . v iii , n ote As sta ted in our

tex t, Le Moyne spent four yea rs am ong the Huron s, in the serviceof the Jesuits . R eturn ing then ce, he settl ed a t Montrea l , about

1 646 or 1 647. soon afterw ard receivi ng la nds there ; for m any year s,

he served a s interpreter for the co lony, a l so as ca pta in o f its m il itia .

H e w a s a brave soldier , a nd o ften repel led the a tta cks of th e Iroquo is, w ith w h om , in 1 65 3 , be negotiated a pea ce. Tw o yea rs l ater ,

hew a s ca ptured by them ; but they w ere so im pressedby h is courageth a t they sen t h im home a fter three m onths, unha rm ed. H e w as

one of M ontrea l’

s most prom in ent c itiz ens, and for h i s pub l ic '

serv

ices w a s enn obl ed by Louis XIV. under the titl e S ieur deLongueuil , from the seign iory of th at nam e gran ted h im in 1 65 7,

and augmen ted in 1672. H e a l so obta ined (1664) the isl ands Ste.

Helene and R onde ; and (1 673 ) Cha teauguay. Le M oyne m a rr ied(1 654) an adopted orphan , nam ed Ca ther ine Tierry, aged th irteen .

They had four teen ch il dren , m ost of whom a ch ieved distinction inc ivil or m il ita ry a ffa irs ; among these were Ibervil le, the noted ex

plorer , a nd B ienvil le, the founder of New Orlea ns. S ieur l o Moyne

died a t M ontrea l , in 1 683 .

1 1 (p. P ierre Gadois, a na tive of Perche, came w ith h is

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[VOTES TO VOL . XX V] "

fam i l y to Ca n ada a bout 1 640, or perh a ps som ew h a t ea r l ier . H e

res ided for a tim e a t S i l lery, but a fterw a rd rem oved to M on trea l ,

w here in 1 648 h e obta ined l a nd. H e w as th e first sett ler in th a t

co l ony , a nd died there in Oc tober , 1 667 , l ea ving sever a l ch i ldre1 2 (p . R en é Mezeray (Méz ier ) , n ickn am ed N oce. born

i n 1 6 1 1 . em igra ted from Norm a ndy to Ca nada a bout 1 636. T he

m a rr iage h ere m en tion ed w a s h is second. h i s first w ife h a ving diedch ildless ; a t th is tim e, he w a s l iving on the esta te of M . de Ch avigny .

About 1 6 50, he obta ined la nds a t Ca p R ouge ; a nd, in 1 65 6, a n other

gra n t from Ch a r les de Lauson . In 1 68 1 ,Mez eray w a s l iving i n the

seign iory of Goda rvi l le ; he died n ea r Quebec , i n Ma rch , 1 695 .

H i s fa ther -i h - l a w on th is occa sion w a s P ier re Ga rem and, n ickn am ed the P ic a rd,

" from h i s n a tive pr ovin ce. H e w a s c apturedby th e i roquo is in 1 65 3 , a nd probably bur ned to dea th .

1 3 (p.— Luis de l a Puen te, a Spa n ish J esuit. gen era l l y

kn ow n , outs ide Spa in ,under the n am es o f Dupon t , o r de Pon te

(Som m ervogel ) , w a s born a t Va l l ado l id, N ov. 1 1 , 1 5 5 4 . At the age

of tw en ty , h e becam e a Jesui t n ovice ; a nd, a fter com pleting h i s

studies , com posed num er ous devo tion a l w orks . The m ost w idelyread o f these i s J /edz

'

ta oz'

on es de l os jl/[y ster z'

os de n uestr a S a n eta

Fe (Va l l ado l id,Tra n sl a t ion s o f th is w ork in to n ine differen t

l a nguages a re enum era ted by Som m ervogel . The a br idgm en t"

refer red to in th e tex t i s proba bl y either th e R ef eotoz’

r spi r i tuel des

oeuv r es dzeR . P . Louy s da P on t (Pa r is , a Fren ch tra nsl a tionby a pr iest n am ed Claude Godem e ; o r , Compendium m edi ta

tz'

on um ,— a La tin version from the M edz

ta ez’

on es , by the Jesuit P .

Xim enez D e l a Puen te died a t Va l l ado l id, Feb . 1 6, 1 624.

1 4 (p .— Noel Juchereau, sieur des Cha stelets , born in the

vic in ity o f Ch a rtres , Fra n ce , c am e to Quebec in 1 63 2 . H e w a s a

l icentia te in the lega l profession ; Sul te con jectures th a t he w a s a ct

ing in the in terests of R osée a nd Chefiaul t, w h o desired to obta infrom the Hundred Assoc ia tes a gr a n t o f pa rt o f th e New Fra nce

trade . Esta tes nea r Quebec w ere gran ted to Juchereau, w h o ,

being unm a rr ied,con ferred them upon h i s nephew s. H e i s m en

ti oned in our tex t a s genera l agent,— o f the Com pa ny of Fra n ce,

a ccording to Laverdiere ; but of the Assoc ia tion of Habitants ,in

Suite ’

s opin ion . The l a tter sta tem en t seem s the m ore probable ,

s in ce Des Cha stelets m ade h i s l a st voyage to Fra n ce 1 647) a s a dele

ga te of the h a bitan ts , to secure c erta in ch a nges in their governm en t. H e died there, soon a fterw a rd.

1 5 (p.— Ma r ie Fra nco ise, el dest daugh ter of S ieur Giffa rd

w a s but el even yea r s and five m on ths o l d a t the tim e of her m a r

ri age. H er husba nd w a s Jea n Juchereaude l a Ferte, eldest son of

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3 14 LE S R ELA TION S D E S j ES U I TE S

Jea n Juchereau, seigneur du Maure,— the l a tter being a brother of

N061, sieur des Cha stelets (note 14, a n te

1 6 (p .— Jean Guyon w a s the n am e of tw o m en w h o cam e

w ith G ifi a rd,— both from Mor tagne, in Perche

, a nd both m a son s ,

by trade. T o one of these m en Gifia rd gave the fief o f Buisson ; h isw ife w a s M athur ine R obin , a nd their ch il dren m a rr ied into prom inen t co l on ia l fam il ies ; he died in M ay, 1 663 . The other Guyon w a s

an educa ted m an , a nd often drew up lega l and ofii c ia l docum en ts ;

l ittl e el se i s know n of h im .

1 7 (p.— There w ere num erous Jesuit w r iters o f th is n am e ; the

one here referred to w a s doubtl ess Al on so R odri guez , born a t Va l l a

dol id, Spa in , in 1 5 3 7. H e entered the novitia te a t the age of tw en ty,

a nd h is pr iestly l ife w a s spen t i n the co l leges of Mon terey , Montil l a ,

a nd Cordova ; h is dea th o ccurred a t Sevi l le, Feb. 2 1 , 1 61 6. H i s

pr in c ipa l w ork w a s E x er ez'

ez'

o de P erf eez'

on , y 7/z'

r tudes or z’

stz'

a n a s

(Sevil le, divided into th ree pa rts ; i t w a s tra n sl a ted in to m any

l anguages, European a nd Or ien ta l . The book m en tion ed in the

tex t w a s probably the French version by Paul Duez , P r a tz'

g'z/e de

l a P erf ection et des wer t'z/s enr estz'

en n es (Pa r is, w h ich w en t

th rough num erous editions.

1 8 (p . By th is vow , the Jesuit Fathers bound them selves

to say tw elve m a sses a yea r (for tho se w h o w ere pr iests) , or tw elverosa ri es (for those not orda ined) , a nd a lw ays to fa st on the eve of

th e fea st o f the Imm a cul a te Conception ; th is w a s done in order to

obta in , th rough the intercession of the bl essed Vi rgin , the conver

sion of the peopl es in th is new w orl d. See R el a tion of 1 63 5 (a t the

end) , and of 1 636 (ch a p .— Queb. ed. of j our n . , p . 1 6, n ote.

1 9 (p.-B arthelem i Gava nti , an Ita l ian ec cl esia stic (1 5 69

w a s con sul ter o f the Congrega tion of R ites, a nd genera l of

the B a rn abites . H e w rote severa l books ; th a t m entioned in the

tex t i s either P r a x z'

s epz'

soofia l z'

s (R om e, or

M a nua l e Epz'

sooporum (P a r is,20 (p .

— T h is wa s a nother n am e for Ma rtin Boutet (sa id byT anguay to be a professor of m a them a tics) , a ppa ren tl y a n imm igrant from Sa intes , Fran ce. In 1 65 1 , he opened a sch ool for the

ch il dren of the Fren ch co l on ists a t Quebec . H e h ad tw o daughters ,

o f wh om one m a rr ied Cha r les Ph il ippan ; th e other becam e an

U rsul ine nun .

2 1 1 (p. s a n tea u : thus defin ed by Bescherel le : The

piece of the consecra ted bread w h ich i s sent to the person w ho i s tofurn ish the bread on the Sunday fol l ow ing, or on the n ex t fea st-day .

Thepa i n ben i t genera l ly con sisted of fla t, round l oaves of sw eetenedbread, pil ed one upon a nother , and decrea sing in siz e to the top , the