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1.27 B 1993 r. TaJOKe 3aMeJVIHJIC.si Cfia,Il B CTQOBTeJILCTB~ DOCKOJILK}' 3HatUITeJILHaJI 'JaCTL COKpa.IIJ;eiiiDI HHBe~ Ha 06~eCTBeHHLie pa60TLI npOH30WJia B 1992 r. B npOWJIOM ro.u;y B03HHKJIH ,I(ODOJIBBTeJibBLie TPY,IJ;HOCTH, CBJI3aHHLie C COKpa.IIJ;eHHeM HHBeCTHIUIH B CTPOBTeJILCTBO .JKHJIOI"' cpoH,IJ;a; 3a nepBLie ,IJ;eBJITL MeC:JIIJ;eB 1993 r. XHJIH~Oe CTPOHTeJILCTBO COKpaTHJIOCL Ha 19 npo:u;eHTOB DOcpaaueHHIO c yposueM 1992 r. H ua 40 npou;eHTOB no cpasueumo c yposueM 1991 r. B pe3yJILTaTeCBepn,ma.mul CTpOHTeJllaHLIX pa60T npOH3BOJJ;CTBO CTpOBTeJILHLIX MaTepHaJIOB COKpaTHIIOCb Ha 38 npoo;eBTOBno u;eMeHTy (s cpasneBHH c 15-npoo;eHTHLIM cna,u;oM B 1992 r.); no mprmqy - ua 41 npoo;eHT (Bcpasuemm C 8 npoo;eHTaMH B 1992 r.) H no 6JIO'IHLIM KOHCTpYKIJ;IDIM- 27 npoo;eHTOB (B cpasHeHHH C2S npou;eBTaMH s 1992 r.). 06'LeM npOH3BO,u;CTsa s .u;epesoo6pa6aThmarom;e.H npoMLilliJieHBOCTHCOKpaTHJICJI Ha 20 BPOD;eHTOB (B cpaBHeHHH C 21 npOD;eHTOM B 1992 r.) B pe3yJILTaTe CD~ BCTPOBTeJILHOA H D;eJIJIIOJI03Ho-6YMIDKHOH npOMLIWJieHHOCTH.

1.28 lJTO KaCaeTCJI 3HepreTHKH. TO CHmKeHHe cnpoca DpOMI.IWJieHHLIX DOTpe6HTeJiei B 1993 r.npBBeJIO K coKp~euuro oo'LeMOB npOH3BO,D;CTBa 3JieKTp03HepmH ua 6 npo[(eHTos. ,u;o6LI'DI ynm ua 7 12 BpO[(eHTOB H ,IJ;OOLNH HecPTH H npHpO.u;HOro ra3a Ha 11 H 13 npo:u;eHTOB., COOTBeTCTBeHB0 IIaBJio.u;apcKHif uecpTenepepa6aTr.maiOIIJ;HH 3aBOJJ; 6e3,IleHCTBOBaJI qacn ro.u;a B pe3yJILTaTe nepuo~I'IecKHXnepepLIBOB B DOCTaBKe CLipOH He$TH H3 CH6HpH., a 06'LeMbl npOH3BO,D;CTBa Jepepa60TaHHOit HecpTHCOKpaTWIHCL Ha 9 npoo;eHTOB no cpaBHeHHIO C TeM Ee DepHOJJ;OM 1992 r.

1.29 Teup;eHIJ;BH.. HaMeTHnwuecx B ceJlLCKOM xo3.sn'icrse. TaiOKe ycyryomm o6ID;HH cna,u;. B1993 r. 06'LeMLI npOH3BOJJ;CTBa B CeJILCKOM X03KHCTBe COKpaTHJIHCL npHOJIH3HTeJILBO Ha 12 DpOIJ;eBTOBnocJie cra6HJILBoro nepno.u;a B 1992 r Kor~a ua ypoxaxx 3epHOBLIX KyJILTyp yxe Ha'laJIH CKa3LIBaTLCJInpo6JieMLI. IIpHcyilUfe OCTaJIL!SIM OTpaCIDIM ceJILCKOro X03XfiCTBa. B 1993 r. ypo.Eai'f 3epHOBLIX CHH3HJICJInpH6JIH3HTeJILHo aa O.u;HY 'IeTsepTL Pauuee HaCT}'IIJieHHe 3HMLI Ta.IOKe uauecJIO oope,u;eJieHHLm ~ep6 8

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B OCHOBHOMDOCpe,u;CTBOM 3Ha1fHTeJILHOro eHIDKeHIDl 3aTpaT H Ha IIOTpeoJieHHe, H Ha KaiiHTa.JIOBJIOXeHIISI,KOHeOJIH.n;HpOBaHHbW OWA}KeTH&W ,JJ;etPHD;HT }'MeHLWHJieH B cpe,IJ;HeM e 8 npon;eHTOB B 1991-1992 rr .D;O1,5 npon;eHTa BBn B 1993 r., xoTx :!lTH [(HtPPhi KCUK}'Te.SI coaeeM ne3na~HT~IlMJ&IMI! no epauueuuro eauyrpeHHBMH 6anKOBCKHMH 3aAMaMH npe,D;IIpiDITHHJ) KOTOp&Ie eoCTaBIDIJIH 64 H 38 npoo;eHToB BBIICOOTBeTCTBeHHO B 1992 H 1993 IT. 1.47 BMeCTe e TeM B&mrp&nu eeKTOpa .u;oMawHHx X03.SIACTB c TOliKH 3peHIDI oo"LeMa paenoJiaraeMoro.u;oxo.u;a - 7 npon;eHToa BBTI - o&m nni.ii030pH&IM, noeKOJILKY ero npaKTII'IecKH noJIHOCTLIOKOMneucuposan:a HHtPJI.SID;WI. C,D;Bur B CTPYKTYPe paenpe.u;eJiellml .u;oxo.u;os 6&ur B03MOJKeu JIBIIIL noTOM}',liTO pe3KO yseJIHlfHBWeeex OTpHIJ;aTeJILHOe ea.JIL,D;O no elleTaM npe,u;npH.SITHA tPHHaHeHpOBaJIOCL 3a etieT.o;eue.EHOH 3MHeCHH. 06yeJIOBJieHHa.SI 3THM HHtPIDID;IDI DPHBeJia K B03HBKHOBeHHIO DOTOKa pecypeOB Bo6pamoM uanpaBJieBHHI> a 3TOT pa3 H3 ceKTopa ,u;oMamaux xo3.srAcTB B eeKTop npe,D;IIpmrrnA. XoTx TOliB&rePa3Mepbi 3Toro IIOTOKa onpe)J;eJIHTL TPYAHO, B npHJIOJKeuuu 3 npHBo~cx IUIaKTopoa 6y~eT npOaHaJIH3Hp0Ba.H B OT]leJILHOCTH. 14. B 3TOA 'IaCTH paccMaTpnaaroTcx TOJILKO neuuaucoBLie opraHB3amm. Pa3BHTHe 6amcos paccMaTpHBaeTCR B CJie.zyroi.IJ;eH.~a npHJiozcBHc 1 CoO'momeBBe ~eu 1.50 Pe3KOe yxy,IUUellHe T~ 1.6. BBD c pi36PJU:oll uo UY'CI'VPBDI paao~aE..,~BC11IHeJl TOPfOBJIH.nmlK83aXCTaHa, npoH30me~ee B 1992 ro~ 1993 ro~1993 r.. DaryOHO CK.~3aJIOCL TeMIIbl TeMIThlBa peBTa6eHLHOCTH B XoT DPHPO- B XoT upHJ>ODpe,IUipiDITHit llOCKOJILK}' OHO BBII CTa BBll CTa6LIJIO B nepBYJO O'lepe,tr;L (1) (2) (1) (2)o6ycHOBJICHO DOTepeA 1. DOTPCMCBHC 73,5 82,7 -15,1SKCDO}JTIIIaiX DOCTYDJICmn'i (a tf&CTiiblll CCKTOp 55,4 64,3 -12,4He. BaDpHMep. OTBOCHTCJILHO rocy~apCTBCBBWA CCKTOp 18,1 18,4 -23,36oJiee BLICOK...M yaeJIB'IemieM~en ua HM:nopTupyeMLie HBBCCTHUHH 28,3 24,0 -27,0DOT])C6HTeJl)).CKHC TG~BapLI). OT BJIOXCBHJJ - ">CBOBBhiC 21#5 17,0 ~33,2 upOH1' 1LIC ciOH;J;LIHero DOCTpa.JJ;aJIH I'JHlBHLIM06pa30M npOH3BO,u;HTCJIH. lhMCB\ ~IO\ f>CY.~ 6,,8 7,0 -13,1 coopQ'l ". i]\1]0> "3BO.[tCTBCHBLIXIlocJie,tr;CTBHK 3Toro pe3Koro lj)OH,IIOByxy,u;memm YCJIOBmf TOproBJIH 3. Buyrpceemi cnpoc ( 1+2) 101,8 '106,7 -18,5npHMepuo ua OAHY TpeTLo6yCJIOBHJIB COKpa~eHHe 4. 3KCDOPT (TOB8pbl) 53,6 38,3 -29,5BaKOIIJICHHA 13 B CTpaBbl 6Msmcro CoseTcKoro 34,6 23,4 -40,5 Co103anpOH3BO,D;CTBCHHOM CCKTOpe B1993 r. B ,u;pym:c CTpaHhl 19,0 14,9 13,8 5. KoHellBbiH cupoc (3+4) 155,4 145,1 -20,91.51 n e p e K o c LI 1!.Q 6. HMuopT (Tosapw H YCJIY111 5564 45,1 -30,6anyrpennux ueuax TaJOKe aefj)HBaucosoro xapaKTepa)BJIBJIIOT Ha COBOKYDHYIO H3 c:TpaB 6hl8mcro COBCTCKOro 40,1 31,3 -41,6peHTa6eJILHOCTL npe,u;npHXTHA, Co JOnxoTx u accm\feTPH'IHO. TaKHe H3 .lij)yrHX CTp&B 15,3 13,4 24e8CCKTOpa. KaK CCHLCKOe 7. BaJioBoif BByrpCBBHff upo,DyKT 100,0 -14,0 100,0 -15,6X03XACTBO, KOTOPLIC (5-6)CTOJIKHYJIHCL C (1) 11 TCiicyiiUIX ~cuaxBe6naronp~yCJIOBHXMH (2) II DOCTOJIBBbiX ~CBU. 1992 ro~Me.XCOTpacJieBOit TOprOBJIH. ,u;mi(j>HHaHCB'j)OBa.Bim ~BOHX DOTepL HCTO'IBHK: roc:y.[tapCTBCBBblll KOMHTCT DO CT8THCTHKC 1 MHBHCTCpCTBO 31COBOMHKH HnpH6erJIH K 6aHKOBCKHM o~cuKH coTPYJUJHKOD BccMHpuoro EaaKa.KpC,tr;HTaM. flpe,u;npH11THJl ..BLmrpaBume OT nepeKOCOB BO BuyTpCHHHX ~eoax, O'I'~aBaJIH npe,n;HO'ITeHHe DOTpeoJieHHIO ,u;ODOJIHHTeJILHOrcl,D;OXO,D;a. HaDpHMep. HCDOJIL3YJi ero ,IUIX .D;ODOJIHHTCJILHLIX BLffiJiaT CBOHM paoOTHHKaM. a BetHHBCCTHPOBaHHIO ero B npOH3BO.D;CTBO HJIH DOK}'IIKY qmHaHCOBLIX HHCTp}'MCHTOB C COMHHTCJILHOii HOPMOHnpH6LIJIH.1.52 3apaOOTHaH DJiaTa H OKJiaJILI. HeCMOTPJl Ha OTHOCHTeJILR'fiO ycnemHOCTL DpHWITW~PYKOBO,tr;CTBOM KaJaxCTaua Mep no orpauuqeauro poCTa peaJILHmi Japa6ornoa nnaTbi, ,u;ou ::sapa6omo~1DJiaTLI B ,D;OOawieHHOll'f CTOHMOCTP... KOTOPID'I B 1992 r. B COOTBCTCTBHH C DOCTaBJICHHOH ~a'le~tcoKpaTHJiacL. B 1993 r. yseJIH'IHnacL npuMepuo ua 7 npou;eBToo OT BBn. HcK}'cCT.oennoe coxpaueuue1pa60'IHX MCCT npHBCJIO ~~ TOM}', 'ITO DPOH3BO.u;HTeJ!LHOCTL Tpyna B 1992 r. C.HH3JJJiaCL Ha 12 npOQeHTOB,a B 1993 r. - Ha 18 npOIJ;CHTOB. Pea.\'ILHrui 3apa60THWI DJiaTa (B nepeC'ICTe Ha ro.n;OB}7IO OCHOBY) B1992 r. CHH3HJiaCL ,tr;aJKe 60JILWC, 'ICM DPOH3BO~eJILHOC"rb Tpy,u;a~~ O,D;IIaKO B 1993 r. 60Jiee HJIH MCBeeCTa6HJIH3HPOBaJiaCh B CB.SI3H C nepeXO,D;OM K npaKTHKe 3aKJIIO'ICHIDI TPY,D;OBLiX COrJiaUICHHA, B KOTOPLIX llOCJICJUIHC C06biTIDI B 3KOBOMHKC 21 YliHTLIEaiOTCX HOBble ycnosux, Ta~ 1. 7. OICT upatiWiefl' y6wmo cc&TOpa ~IDTid:XapaKTepH3YIOI.QHeCSI BbiCOKHMH (8 upo~eBTU OT BBD ~ ~eBU)TeMIIaMH HHcpiDIIUfH. 3To npHBeJIO K 1992 1993copa:JMepnoMy coKpru.ueuoro Pa3MepaDOJIOJKHTeJILHOro CaJI~O no ClfeTaM 1 llonoJKHT. caJIL,no no 47,8 48,2TeK:yllULI one.panuA npeAJipmrmA (eM C'ICTilM TCKflnHX oncp.nyBKTLI1.41-1.43). 2. He cu:Jaaaoe c: BaJioroo6noJKCDHCM -27,0 -24,2 uepcpacupc~encauc cpe~CTB l.S3 B o 3 Harp a .xc n e H He a~pMax. QTJIH'IHbiX OT 3apa60THOA B C:CKTOp X03RHCTB -27,0 -24,2nJiaTM. KaK o6cy.xc.D;aeTcx B B OCTilnLBLIC CCKTOpL! 0,0 -0,2npHJio.xceBHH 4. 3apa6ornax nnaTa 3. 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