About the Skeletal System

Bell RingerOn your way in pick up the lower skeletal system paper on the table.Label the lower skeletal system using the medical names.When finished, make sure your name is on the paper and place it in the black bin.

About the Skeletal System

ObjectivesContent Objective: The students will be able to differentiate various fractures, joints, and functions of the skeletal system by completing notes.Language Objective: The students will be able to apply the definition of the prefix osteo to various words in order to discover their meaning.

Medical Name ReviewWhich of the following is not located in the arm?1. Humerus2. Fibula3. Ulna4. RadiusWhich of the following is located in the chest?1. Lumbar Vertebrae2. Coccyx3. Sternum4. Carpals

Functions of the Skeletal SystemIn your rowFirst person will write something they believe to be a function of the skeletal systemPass the paper back to the next person in the row and continue until the time stops.

Function 1 = SupportWhat does the word support mean?Definition: To bear or hold up; serve as a foundation for.

Support in the Skeletal SystemWithout bones we would have no structureKeeps internal organs in their positionExample: Cranium is cavity that provides space for the brain to stay in place.Supports our weightExample: Femur is the longest and strongest bone in the body to support the weight of the rest of the bodyBone can rebuild itself and every 7 years our bones replace themselves

Function 2 = ProtectionWhat does the word protection mean?Definition = Perseverance from injury or harm

Protection in the Skeletal SystemEncases vital organs within hard boneWhat vital organs are encased?Body tissueBone Marrow

Function 3 = StorageWhat does the word storage mean?What do we store in our bones?Definition Capacity or space for keeping things

Storage in the Skeletal SystemCalcium and phosphorusEnergyFats (lipids) are stored in the adipose cells of the yellow marrowReleases minerals into the blood as needed

Function 4 = MovementWhat does movement mean?Definition Actions or activities as of a person

Movement in the Skeletal SystemSkeletal bones held by ligamentsMuscles are attached to bones through tendonsThe muscular and skeletal system work together to create movement and are called the musculoskeletal system. When muscles contract the skeletal system movesThe shape of the bones affect movement

Bone PrefixOsteo - Prefix meaning of or relating to the bone.Examples:Osteoclast A cell that breaks down boneOsteoblast A cell that makes boneOsteon Basic central structural component of compact bone

OssificationThe natural process of bone formation.The hardening of muscular tissue into a boney substance.

Types of JointsWhere do we have joints in our skeletal system?Discuss with the person sitting next to youWhat types of joints have you already learned about?Discuss with the person behind youSkeletal System JointsDefinition of joints The location at which bones connect.Joints are constructed at most locations to allow movementTypes of JointsBall and SocketHinge JointGliding JointSaddle JointPivot Joint

Ball and Socket JointAllows for the greatest freedom of movementStructure Bone with a spherical end and a bone with a cup-like socketOnly ball and socket joints in the body:Shoulder (where the humerus meets the scapula and clavicle)Hip (where the femur meets the pelvis)Move your shoulder through all the range of motion it is capable of

Hinge JointOnly allows forward and backward motionExample: DoorExamples in the Body:ElbowKneeAnkleFingersTry moving your elbow through its range of motion

Gliding JointA.K.A. Plane JointBones that meet at a flat or nearly flat articular surfacesAllow the joints to slide past one another in any direction Examples:Carpals in wristTarsals in ankle

Try moving your hand20CartilageFirm, rubbery tissue that cushions bones at joints.Location: Attaches ribs to sternum, found in knee cap, nose, ears, at end of bones in joints

Problems of the Skeletal SystemOsteoporosisRicketsBowed-LegsFracturesCompleteCompoundStressOsteoarthritisOsteoporosisCauses bones to become weak and brittleBrittle to the point that a simple fall, cough or bending over can cause a fractureMost frequent injures occur in the hip, wrist or spineCaused when the creation of bone does not keep up with absorption of boneFrequently Occurs in Older Women past Menopause

RicketsCaused by lack of Vitamin D, calcium or phosphate causing the weakening and softening of bonesRickets can be caused by your genes, kidney disorder, disorders of the liverRare in the United States but can occur when children are rapidly growing

Bowed-LegsCommon in toddlerLooks Like When feet together there is a distinct space between knees and lower legsCause Either one or both legs curve outwardThe bowing is typically corrected by age 3 or 4

Fractures

Occur when a physical force exerted on a bone is stronger than the boneComplete FractureThe bone is fractured completely across

Compound FractureOpen fracture where there is a break in the skin around the boneThe outside air, dirt must be able to get to the fracture for it to be a compound

Stress FracturesTiny cracks in the bonesCaused by repetitive application of forceTypically overuse injuryExample: Runners get stress fractures in tibiaAlso caused from osteoporosis

OsteoarthritisMost common form of arthritisWear and tear arthritisCause Protective cartilage on the ends of bones wears down over timeMost Common: Hands, neck, knees, hips, lower back