On a piece of paper, identify the following for Judaism, Buddhism, and Hinduism.◦ Holy place◦ Holy texts◦ Founder◦ Supreme being

Bellringer: 10/20 and 10/21

37: Notes: Classical India

Table of Contents Update

1. Bellringer 2. Quiz: World Religions 3. Notes: Classical India 4. Primary Source

HOMEWORK: Read pages 97-100 and 181-187.

Agenda: 10/20 and 10/21

Classical India

Ms. Allen World History I – 2015-16

Indian civilization begins in the river valleys◦ Recap: Why river

valleys?

Look at map: What rivers are in India?◦ Indus River◦ Ganges River

First civilizations in India along these two rivers

Recap: Indian Civilization Begins

By 2500 B.C.: First major cities in ancient India are being built◦ Same time as Egyptian

pyramids were built

Along the Indus River the two largest early Indian cities were:◦ 1. Harappa◦ 2. Mohenjo-Daro

Recap: Ancient India

Large, well-planned cities Key characteristics:

◦ Streets and buildings laid out in a grid

◦ Fortified area called a citadel

◦ Separate residential areas of town

◦ Buildings made of oven-baked bricks

◦ Sophisticated plumbing and sewage system within the city

India’s First Cities:Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro

Around 1500 B.C.: Aryans cross Hindu Kush and migrate into India◦ Comes at the same time as

Indus culture is dying

Result of this invasion?: Aryans dominate the people already living in India

Who were the Aryans?◦ Were taller, lighter skinned◦ Spoke a different language

than the people already living in India

The Aryan Invasion of India

The Aryans = totally dominate the people already living in India

Installed caste system◦ Purpose of this caste system?

To divide people into classes

What did the classes look like in Aryan India?◦ Top classes = made up of

Aryans◦ Bottom “classes” = native

Indians

Aryan Domination in India

Mauryan Empire = first official empire in India◦ Happens about 1000 years after

the first Aryans entered India

How does the Mauryan Empire begin?◦ Chandragupta Maurya

defeated a Greek army that had invaded India Chandragupta Maurya =

starts Mauryan Empire (named after him) after beating Greeks

◦ By 303 B.C.: Chandragupta Maurya set up the Mauryan Empire across northern India

Introducing the Mauryan Empire

Chandragupta Maurya dies and his son took over◦ Continues to expand the

empire by unifying areas under his control

Upon the son’s death, Chandragupta Maurya’s grandson, Ashoka assumed throne.

Introducing the Mauryan Empire

Geography of Mauryan Empire Mauryan Empire united Indian subcontinent

◦ Ganges and Indus Rivers◦ Up to the Himalaya and Hindu-Kush Mountains

Religion of the Mauryan Empire Mainly Hinduism Ashoka (a king) spread Buddhism through

missionaries

About Hinduism:◦ One of the oldest

religions in the world◦ Almost 1 billion

people are Hindus today 80% of India is Hindu

Because so many Indians are Hindu, it is an important part of Indian history and culture

Religion under Maurya/Gupta Empire:Hinduism

A major religion founded in India◦ Hinduism is another

Founded around 400s B.C. by Siddhartha Gautama

Spread of Buddhism:◦ Spread from India to

China, the rest of the Asia and the world by Asoka’s missionaries

Religion in the Mauryan Empire:About Buddhism

Achievements under Mauryan: Under Chandragupta

◦ United India for the first time

◦ Strong bureaucracy Under Ashoka

◦ Religious tolerance◦ Built roads, free hospitals,

hotels◦ Outlaws death penalty,

animal cruelty

Political under Mauryan Chandragupta

conquered the Aryan empire and established a dynasty◦ Establishes a bureaucracy

Ashoka◦ Became a non-violent

Buddhist, used the government to care for his people rather than gain wealth or power

Ashoka says:

More Political: Mauryan People liked Ashoka

◦ Good ruler, but weakened the government◦ No strong ruler followed him◦ Empire fell apart

Economic: Mauryan Very heavy taxes to pay for army and public

works Political centralization opens India to trade

with China and Persia

Social See Hinduism (caste system)

Politically unified most of India Spread Buddhism (which was

founded in India) to other parts of the world (especially China) via missionaries

Provided free hospitals to citizens

Created veterinary clinics Built good roads

Accomplishments of the Mauryan Empire: Why do we care?

Ashoka dies the Mauryan Empire fell apart◦ No strong leader to

take his place! 500 years of invasion

and instability in India follow Ashoka’s death

After centuries of chaos, in 320 A.D.: Chandra Gupta (not Chandragupta Maurya) forms the GUPTA EMPIRE◦ Second great classical

empire in India

The Gupta Empires Rises

Gupta Empire = in NORTHERN India

Geography of the Gupta Empire• Located in NORTHERN INDIA • Close to Himalayan Mountains and Indus and Ganges Rivers

Religion of the Gupta Empire Hinduism

◦ We will see a return to Hinduism by most people during the Gupta Empire despite Ashoka popularizing Buddhism during the last part of the Mauryan Empire

Achievements of the Gupta Empire The Golden Age of India

◦ Gupta = Golden!• Develop astronomy, advanced

math (the numbers you use), calendar, banking system

Indian culture flourished and expanded like never before under Gupta Empire

Contributions include:◦ Math = concept of zero◦ Medicine = set broken

bones, nose surgery◦ Astronomy = proved

Earth round 1000 years before Columbus

◦ Textiles = silk and cloth◦ Literature = poetry,

plays, dances

Achievements continued…

Political/Gov. in Gupta Empire Gupta kings used marriage (and an army) to

create an empire Last strong king dies in 415 CE, empire

starts to collapse In the 500s CE, invaders “without settled

homes” attack India

Economics of Gupta Empire Very rich empire (but

only the kings got rich) Invented banking LOTS of trade