.rfiL'. ."~''';~1..1.,•...,., , t"', :. A ;,". A/'if£' .~

0.S.'100PROPERTY OFOf'I:.J~EOF AIR FORCE HISTOR} r-:;

1'rOll1 tho

-:l .'t /y.

lfli"''';;.ewareDeJ;>artment nut:>.orizes the following:

"Irrespecti ve o f status in the draft, t>e ~Ur Service has been re-

opened ro ..' i::lduc tion 0 f :,leC;:18.ni08and. of cand.idat es fo r comcu.ss i.one aspi lots, bomber-a, observer s an d b8.11ool1ists, z,fter havi ng been. closedEW..oSptfor,a few isolated cLas se s for tile ;?c\st s1::: month s ,

~"

!

. Th.e available mu:iber 0 f ,'1011 j,JOSSCSSLliS t:: G necessarily very 11iC:11.qualificatio:1S is Lns utf'Lc i on t fa:;:' ttl.€) needs and (0'.5 a result it is nuw:.)ossible to exazn.ne 8.:i'lc":.ac cey.t men fl"Om ci vt Li.an lii e, in acl.d.i tLcn to t,'osenow in tb.0 e111is ted l'xJ:tso:nnel. T:.le numbe'r of men 'vi'~l0 must be examined isgreat indeed compar-ed to t:le number 0 f 1J1m 'J~10 bac ozie f'Lni she d ::?ilots.Practicall;r one a:;;:J!icant out of every tvo is f cund unf Lt for flyinG at t~1efirst exami.natdon , vhile, even 0 f t.ios e acco}ted, 2. 12,l'l;e number j?rove'ivholly unao I e to ('.0 the )"ental 'in r1;: ne ces sary ill. lea.l'uLlg t>e them-ricsof flight, r adf,o , ~)hotoz,,'a:!:1Y, 'bo:,:lbing, ii18.cilL1e G~mnery, anc~ a::ctilleryobservation, so tha.t l'ully 15 )er cen t are cUsc,l.'..alifiec.. in t::re :fi:.:st stepat the gr-ound sC:1.001s2nd still more in the ac tua'l flyi"l(; courses lc.tel'.

Ci viJ.iaYts have no t been given an o))orttlni t'~T to ql.lalif;y as :9ilotssince last L:ar'cl1. During last fe.II .:11lt. o::xly,'linter, 2. resorvo nc ofover 6600 :.?ros~:ective :C1yurs, accept ed 03" t:le L~~aru.il1i:rGBoarcls, had beenbull t U:p, Me'. 1:,2,S sL nee been grao.-clally c".:CC:',\i11. air 2.5 room has been m8,('.efa l'them in tile aviation Cl"C'LUlC'.scnoo l,s tIU\)Ur;:l Gl'<1clr18.tion. HO:l."00'IC:C,a large numbo r of men 2.L.'eady Se'1"iTil;g in Lee :"'2,11l'~Sof l:;~ie !\.i:r Service :"",vebeen 1?~"l11itted to train for COi,L:issions, in 11:1e Ylith the )olicy of )1'0-motiI;g :'11e11 :from t>e ranks 'i.c:oneve:;.' :;)os8i;)10 •

The fast moving overseas of 2.11' s quad ...~ons, ~?lanes, motors and mate:;'1ialfor Junerio8.n airclr<:nnes, fields, and asscl.lb1y :;;>151ts in :i<'rai'lce and E'l1g1and,together with the cOlW,?letion here of 29 flyu-€: :fields, 1200 de Ha'iilar.d1::>lanes,6000 Mbe:dy motors, 't.l0 parts for ti"le first heavy l1igl:.t bombers,6pOO trainii'lG planes and 12,500 tro.ini:1C e11c;i11oS,ha s led to the necessityof increasi:'Jg bOt}l tlle coranuas Loned 8:...10. tJJ8 enlis ted ~:~ersonne'l, in 0 rder tom~1nte.in full streng'th in ells count ry and continue t~le neces sary flow

. overseas. As e. r esu l t tl::,e Air Se::,'vice, alone, is now lia Lf as large agD,inas . the whole-,~i1e:dc8.ll )-l":';),y was at ti:e out'bre8Jc of 'Vlar.

.\

YJllile t:lis :J:cesell t call fo r :ayitlg candJ.(.ates 13 l)eL1S ina,de gene rall~rit is hoped that in o:~c.er to avoic. unne ceaaary j?l'ess'\.u'e 011 tl:e E:::a::niningBoards, l)ossible C8.nCU.~.2.teswill const der .f'.8t~',er t::H~~->.2.ve bO~1 thephysioa.l and the mental c.:ualificatiollS necessary. The age limits forflyers a re from 18 to 30 inc 1us iva, wi tn ):i.'efe,:er~e to thcs e under 25,ana. for balloonists f rorn 18 to 4~5. Ap1?lica:lts may C9?ly at t::e AViationExmnining Boards loc<1ted at:

Atlmmda, Ga.Boston, luss.011102.g0, IIIDallas, Te:':as.

~ Fort Sill, 01;:12,." .~~. . ]'..I0S Angeles, Calif.

.''''' ~[imlea.j,::>olist lIinn.'~, new Yorlc 01 ty.

" San AntoniO, Texas.<, San Fra~lCiS?,o, O<:;:.lif." St. LOU1S, !'lO.

• VlaSllington, D•• O.-~a.:nalZone"

Gecrgi.a School of Tec:moloe;:y.739 JJoyls ton St.230 Bast OlJio St.Camp Dick.Post 1'1e1J...Marsh-Strong Bui1di:1g •Uni ve:si t-J 0 f Hinne so t01.104 B3:'0 2.0. St.Fort Sam Houston.

55 NewJ.iontgomel'Y St.525 South Buclid Ave.B1..1.ilc:i11g iiDIf ,FloOl~ 1. Yli11:; ~~~CanrJ? S11.erman ,

""::.:"-,,,,~'~'<"~,,,-,,----'~

_"T ----

0.S.700-2-

or to the Pe r-sozmo L Section, Division of :Iilitm7 Aeronautics, Y'lashingtol1,:D. C)'.

The call for Y.:ec~::.cmicsO})' .ms tile Serv-ice to a 18.1>genumber of sld11edmen anxfous not only fo:c e:.'..ctive field se rvf.ce , but also for service forv,hich their trzdnLig be s t fits them. Sldlled men only are want.ed , Others ~.".would. have no value in t:;-lG ],ijl.ly delicate and t echrn.cal v,Q::lc r equi red , -.-.T:!lose accept sd v'till be sent to a. Oonoent.rat ion Do)ot, trade t es t ed , givena s:~ecial intousive tr'ai:ning Ln t he new science of c:.iI'J.Jlane mechanfc s ,and then organized into airplane c rews and squad.rons , some for duty here,otn er s fo:c ,duty ovei-scas , Uitll eS?8cial1;y good oppo rtunt ty fOl~advance-ment, since oVOl' fou.r-fift]:. of tl:,e nell are j?J.'omotoclabove tJ18 Grade ofprivate. Tile cLasces eS~J8cially C:,081::'eo.as S}lO'IiV1l by tile last year'sexpe r i ence 2.1.'0:-

AiYplaue mechanici8ns~Cabinet mcD:;:ers,Chauffeurs,Electricians,Luto J![echanic s,Raclio O"...oe r'a to :cs ,

110 to:ccycli sts ,Tailo:c>s,I:'18 trumon t ReJ.')2,irnen,A:rr:lorers,Carpe:l tel' s,Clerl~s ,

Eo tor : J:echan ic s ?

RigGers,Engine Repai rmen,PrOI)(~lJ.el" NIab~rs,Stenographers,I":aC!!.l:'1ists.

,J

/

The .Air Service toc.by is over 1610 times vi.hat it V12.S on the outbreakof war. The enlisted s t reng th [;',10:1e, rcc;o.r<lless o f cadets Ln trainingar.d. officers, has grown as fol10'li'iS:

.!:i.Jril 6,AUGust 1October 1December 1"Febnw,ry 1K,;?l'i1 1JlU18 1AU:T,tlSt1

1,11010,10720,1763G,23498,300

123,56913'1,972147 ,~34

A-i)l)lic3.11ts, 2.;3 '~'Dc',:~allicG,"/:10 will be ac ceptcd i)otweell t;le ages. of18 and. 55 tncfus i ve , ;;lEW r ocecvo iU3.'t':C';},' (~Gt8.ils f:i.DiU tile Depar-tmentAir Service 0 fi'iC~;l'S in tho s Lx J)e?::1rtl.l(nt~\1 ::ec:.d(:L'uarters located atBoston, NeViYOll::, C'tlca.{,o, 3,).11 ~:1'ancisco, San .:mtonio,auo. Ct.arleston, S.C.~t:1e .\11' Sel"vico 1'rac1e Test B08.r1s Lo cat ed at

Army }loc::'UitL1S OffIce, Atlanta, Ga.739 BoyLeto n St., Bos ton, Eass.230 Er.~st O~'do sv., CliieaGo, Ill.Tl"amway Building, J4th L'.Ecl.P..J:'al:ahoeSts.~ Denver, Colo.T.llil1:1. FloOl' ML1:1ici::.)al Courts Bl..ildh16', Detn-o.rt , I,'ticl1.104 Bro ad St., :trowYorl::Ci ty.Oar'e of J)e:?t. Lir Service Offic8:~, '7estern Dopa1~tmont, SanFranciSCO, Calif.Third and Olive Sts., St. Loui s , ITo.;:%ld.ison, '7isconsi11.Fin:l an d Dodgo Sts., Omaha, Nebr. (L;'~I;lY .Building)Care 0 f Ai:i: SGl'vic0 Mechanics Training :"'G11001 ~ Overland BICl.g.,

St. Paul, 1':1:1",1.Kelly Field, San .'iltonio, To~:2.s. Air Service '(18cl1. Tr. School.

,.'-- - - -

or by wri ting di:cect to t~-:e Peznonne I Section, D:i:visiol1 of LIlli ta17Aeronautics, \'las~-:.ijJctoll, D.C •

•/

The Director of t:10 Division of I.iilitar.:r .:':.eronC1utics a.nnounc~"that the Tcc}ll1icL'..18eqtioll ha s movod, from \7ashington, to Dayton, O~lio.This Sec tion is :102.(1edby Colonel T. H. Bane f II.A. 'I:lle Tecimic8.1Section pas ses on such closic;'lls of a':':ccr2.ft and ccces scr-Los as':l'e

...-fi

This :?articl'!.lar sC:1001 ;18.S 10~~mi.Les of wire in use for teachingmiIi tary communication. 1!"01~tlle }Ul')OSO of der1o;lstratioll it has' a completesystom of w:i.ring st rung as it wOl",lll 1)0 in t:.:.o i:,'O;:lt lino t ronchee , Com-munication po s t a c::.ncJ.st2.tions for all Ici.nrls of mossaGos o.:re used by tll0studen ts tho same as so Id.i.er s use them at tile f:,~ol1t.

-3--, O.S.70~

submi tted to it 'by tile Bureau of Airc:c2.ft Pr oduc t Ion and outside in-dividuals and concerns wille:l miGht be of value in !'el2.tion to ~.Iilitary.\erona:u.tics. Wn'our "il'ir;l:.t Field a t Fairfield, O}<.io, is us ed by tIlisJectiol1 to c cnduc t sJ?Gci.::.l rOSG;11'C~'leS"-mel e:~:Je'~'ijj"8nts in the testingof ~")lallcs 0.110. aCCOSfJ01'ies. ~[,lle movement of th e .Ioadqual'ters of the

.-rC:~~,l1iCc,l Se~tion to Day ton 'b::cL1C~S it in 0 loser r ala tion wi th the scene... or 1 t S GX:?Gr mien ts •

Cadets arid s tuden t o~:'ficers at Kelly :f'1eLd, Te:~G.s, are beginning anow system 0 f tn st ruc tion W'l:d.0:1 will eve.i tuall;y rec~uire them to act.uallyconstruct ti:0 8':.1::,sin v,hic:~l thG~t fly. Tills course is a de-parture fromtho :c8zulaX' G1.EIi cu'lum; It is 110t ye t 3,'01101'a1 2nc~, has yet to beapproved by tiw Tl'ail1il16 Section. _':.t ~)l~()SeJ:lt t::::le wOlk amounts to twelvedays in l)utti:l[; t ogo t.i er ylings and fuselage only. The other :parts of tIleShip will come in li ttle by little as tIle course advanc ea, until thepra.ctical 2.ssGlDblinG of 2. cu',T")lete aiJ.~,?L!J1.e is 2, )mt of the instructionof overy fl;;lel'. Inat ructo rs be.l i.eve tb_at if ..american flyers al~e requiredto :out toc;eth 81' tl:e s'lips tha t 'i;hey yJ'ill 120tor contro 1 the:'"c v,ill be lesscarelessness, less t endency to ~!,url~~"\.tJ r:c beiil(S (_Oile, or to ovcr Look any-thii'lg that migLt enc1an,c;cr lifo Latoa on.

Tho new co ur se of Inst ruc t ion at Kelly 1,'Till talce the j;)l~oS:90ctive f)yercOlnj?letely through all the S:10J..)8. Fe \',D1'1::8 in most all of them nov. Theairp12.nes IJUt together will be iESl)8cted by o:c~.3Grts b ef'o re they are flownand'v.h,enever an e1'ro1' i,s founel in as senb.ly t:'le cado t.s or s tu derrt o ff icez-ewho Il'tl.t'this I)articular mach ino to:~et:1.e:i.~ \iill bo S:1..OW.il 'v,hat lTlight have~la?)811.ed to tl:.o flycr :lad not t:lO or ro l~ been de.t ec t ed 1:1 time.

Repo r-ts roce ived at 'c>e Division of I-lili tel::Y .'~el'ollCmtics from BalloonTrainLlg Fielcls in varu.ous :pL:i.'ts of t;~e c ourrtr'y , s:~ovr seve ral unusuafines sages received by tte \virele'3s ClOY,S, i:16.i eatinG Lncr-oas i.rig efficiencyboth in tho work of the s tudon t s <S'.ll0-. tl1C ec;..ui}rtlont. T:.le wireless st at Lonat Arcadia, C;,;.lifor:lia9 by usi:nG for an ae r'Lal, t;.lG cable of a balloon ~?uta.Lo it from tile tl'o,ini.l1L,' fi e Ld, has intorC8j?tea. ;:e s.sa:~'os sent by t}18Bro ok'lyn (l;.Y.) lTmrJ Yare':.. This b2,1100n cab l.e )l'oiJa~i)ly malces tlle hi(S~'lostaerial in tllG ,iOrlc1..

It is fUl't:t ,01' 1)011.6voc3. tl!.2.t L 0 ~le'liJCOlL:i~SG 'will acquai.nt flyors ';vi tLthe fUnctioning 0 f 0.11 J..'2.1,tS of t:J.Gir ;~:.achines so tllat in case of forced

-S-lanQi"5S tl1ey"m be able t:_'_~~:_::~:~::_:::::is" t to take ~'en home.

A good :part of tho c cunt ry so utu eas t ani soutawest of Arcadia is 1a1e1out wiel. lines 0; comD~U1ication to til.is balloon school, similar to part ofa sector at tr, e front. All 0 f the balloons, 'when aloft, are so 'Hired thatthey can be linked to'ge ther wl tIl any tl~Eilnch, doub Lod up for any \\urk to-

.~ getller, or t~ley can be cut off f.1~om tJ1G trenches and ta.n: only 'vi th ti,eir

~ chart roomandwinchor oP:::~:~_::::_::_~:_~TOund bolow.

\.~ lornng ex?eriments with lenses for air :;;ilotst glasses, thelledic~~searc-'l Board of the Di.vi s i on oi )iIilitary i'l..81'o::'lautics a::.m01L'lCGSt~l2..t it }la.,p ~)eon able to effoct tho casting of certa.in subst.ences ill 'th ir;

..'

-4- 0.0.700

....------ -

sheets vJlich, \~iile 110t C;lsss, can 08 used as such c'.ud may afford apractical subst l tute for it in gor;gles. 'l.'":.lis substance llasbeon ont~le lik':.rket for 'SO:.18 t ii1:.obut tl:e COl11l)C'C1;Y' Y{uch mc:J.:es it has not U1) tot;1e p:.'8sent been e.b l e to cast it i:: th01'i,')1.t strol1C;e12,nd t:1}.c1010SSsuitable fo:r: Gocgles.

Undel' the c~rGction of tlc.fJ !\lec'..ic81 Hesea;.~c}:.:80:,"::'0,. thin shoots ofthe materio.l nave 1)00n :.J1'oc'tuced. \i~J.iC:'l not only are of' the ~)ropo:c textur eand t:1i.c!:ness but 02.1".1)0 6':':011;1(".. and j/OliS'lC<J.. The 8U'lJst2J1ce is hard andnoze-LnfIammab.Leant, insures i,ractica.l1y a non-ahat te rab l s lanse for tho;)rotection of the j}ilot.s eye s ,

•,

,r

o -"/1;".

'~LY NEWS L2Tl'"J!:R• 0 • •

o S 73'. .

..l::(.{ ll:N'}1NG. ~.!'t!;-tD/W SEP'f. 29. 1918

t•

I•vI

+

•

'lbe following is a.uthoriled by the :iar DepartD8Il':

• .AN&.UC~\i'fOJ'I'ICIAL W:~;UI,IQU;; ,/129

Headqunrters, hmeric~n EXpedition~ry Forces• '0

/+Lieu t'neDt A. F. BIDeUit, am Am.r1cl:n &t ttL.ch.d t.o the :to)'tll

J4r it"orce, hc:s been f.lw6rd.d th~ 3..iti8!~ u1\tin:hiahed ,-e!'I~.!' irder. _ On_3'Iet t.IJi..te.n. this or rice" led tw other Mac ines on a long photozrc.pbicreconnaissance. In api i. 0 t the presence 0 t n,"",""s 'lNIny aircrEal' they.... ul. to t.ke ~l the photograph. required, ltut we ... attaclled by eis,.kke .. B1plaaee.

Durila& the cQwb~t Liwt'DOnt. BoDD&1ieBtl" that. one or his.' .... '1nl.ach1 .. s 'II«:'S in difficult1 IlDd thut. va enemy fo.1rpluae was..... 1'.08 U.s .U~ Ie c.t once broke ott OCDD£J.twith th" onsy w1th ....CD hewa. 8ftI&Ied &ad diyed'to the .8.ist&noe ,t the m~chin. 1n trouble. He droye.tt ~e .DiIly plaa •• regarales. of the bullets wbich we... rippift6 'up his own-.chiDe.

lv.,niUal1y, howeyer, his tell plenel aDd biB .1B'V~tor wi..e. we..e.... , 11ft' and hie MChina began to tnll in side dc.e .lips. LieuteDBIlt..--.li........d t.~ keep his machine tacing to.ard th. 8z;iUltl 11MS by lleans., "" Ndclar cont.rol. gila hb observor aDd tho tb1rd aUAchine drove oft the--, aircr""~ wblch .... sUll at.t.r.ckinc.

In it.. Gaoc.pd ccindl tion Lieu t.enwa~ BoIUU~lie'8 machine WIlS teilIlea., aDd he ....... ful'. hc.d hi. observe" le,:Ye his coca-pit Wld 11. out. Al,netile a.. l ill 'reat. of the pilot.. In this manner he "ecros. the BrttiehVerdi •• Cot .. 1,. b1U t,ude f.Dd r1t1lted hi ..... chiDe 8uf'Uc1ent.l, to Avoid G.

' ..W C......

H&04l' aut. oeeD for the galle-nt.r1 01 Licu\onvnt. BoWl •.lie. iIle In-j...... -.chiDe t.o Who .. as.ia\Ulce he went. would haye fallen iIlt.o ea-1 t.erri-tory. a. pilot bad "een wouncled (~ndits ouservur kil1ud. Lieutenut. Bonnalie'"_ .. hine w.... i.-dled "Uh bullet.. ancI i to ft.... tlu..rvelous per fol'lll&lACew~ 1'-1_1, t.o ~. ground.

'DM .ergCllcy .ad ..e •• is: 0

Mrs. 111en BOAn~le, (1,(0 thu..)1521 Mi•• 10ft St.reet.lSan FrGo1.eo, Cal. .

'!HI JOW'IlMG m:CORATIOMSHAVE BgH AWARIZD:

AKlRICAM EXPEDMOlWll fORCES

I•, ~:1Ib1"': Deaorat.1oas

1. At.~oIaed h"rat.o arc copieD or Diat1l1f,u1ehed serYi.ce Cro.s award.'~r."'.Adj\At.dt. oeraeru. A.1.r •

• .. ,

2 lne.CO/wen

~om:

'l'Q.:

-2-

CoI!ID(~n"in",. Gene rc'.l. SOS. l\EF

o 5 736

MASONM. PATRICKMnJor Gonard.

By

PH~LP S NEWBERRYMajor. ",-5.SeC.

Porsonnel Burcbu WDY.JHSFrunce. ~ August, 1918

SUbject.: Awt4rJ oi t.hc Di.9tinl~ui£iht:ti Service Cros8

. l~, The CO~"'I!lWl<lcr-u~Chler has poat,n.rwouoly u.Wllrdedt.he Dilt1n- •piahed S4tn:u~ CrOBB l,o 2fld Lieutenun~ Ch~rlcs W. ChUpIIWl, A.5.Sig.R.C.tor Ule followlng ae to ofbr£,vcry. .

" , "~ 3 }IUt. 191M. an the rE'f,lon ot Au troplerre. ""10 ODpa.t.rol""ti. ne court.6ou",ely ILt.Lvcked u. group 01' four Illonop11tJlos and ono blpl ....aIId Bucceeded i.n _1otJ.l'1r, one dY;.ll before hu h1:r.8elf WItS Mat. du'.'.'ft 10 fleae .. It

2.' 'the AdjUt.,'ilt OencreJ. of the A'nJJ'I, \Valbin~ton, ~ •• halo"latormlCi ot t.his owu.rd end requeat.od to ...Lk. proseniati.un of the Croll t.otil. MQ.nlt. li"f1ng rOl:d.ive of ..th:; cecoc .. d, wlth I.\PprupriL.te r~8.

By oowwund ot Qenercl PerlhiD&:

l.t Ind.

.C. p. B.ARNIT'1'AdJ 1.1t.wl ~ GeneN

LHB/lb

~erred lor ~poroprlGte ~ctlon.

'By OChunIIlM of Mitior Ge.wrel Herbor<:!:

PerManel .....LU

Au~8" 1., 1918

'lbe Auju k.:~tGo'Jcr&l

1ft: Cbiei of A1r Service, lID

8IIbJect: Deoorc. Uona

1. Thl Co..-ulder-in-Ch1et hfAU o.wt.rdedthe Distil'l6"' ..bhodServJ.c;e..!' ..•Cro•• too' the tollow.i.ng ror the c.ct. e8t oppoaitc the." na,:e.:

&,cond I,1t;\,t.Opailt.. Johli M&.i.CArttayr. 27th Aero Sqyudron. s.c•• A.B.r.

OY~Ui:. ... rll(i ~Dd hf'J141cappcd b'/ nie pretiet;ce f C.r bOftlnci .die QeI'llltUiU.... he auo th,.ee 1111116 cOlDpCl!tlons rou~ t. brllUantly .. 1.rge gI"Oupof 8ft:'y pll!.oen, bri.npnJ dU'lm or puttine, to Uit/lt 4>11 iD sh... 't~IC.laS pColl't.Y. \71'111e pert"minb ltD' ilapoi"\wlt mi.Dion near Lunevill .. mooe

,.

o S 736

en 13 June 1918,

Naxt of kin: Cborles: P. Mac Arthur, 97 Hodge Avenue,Butf r..lo , N. Y.

1:.....'~

Second Lieut~nant Kenneth ~ith Cl~pp, 27th Aero S~uudron, S,C.A.E,F,

Outnumbered I'tnd ho.ndic,pped by hiG pr e sencc tat" behind the Genu('.11lines, he und three flyinb comp~ions foubht brilliantly u lar~e groupof enemy ...1,;n68. brii'3iflg down or put.ting to flibnt toll in the L ttlicic-illt) party, while performint, an huport8nt. mission Ilear Luneville, France,Oft 13 June rsra,

Next of kin: W.W, Clapp (Brother) Colu. ..bib Ci ~j', Ind ..

First Lieutennnt Edwurd Wi11ic~ Rucker, 27tn Aeru Squudron, S.C.A.E.F,

Outllwnberea and hundfcapped by his presence fur behind the Ger:-IE;nlines, he ~d three flying companions tougnt brilliantly a large group01 entlClyple.nes, urin~in", dow" or put i.ing to flibht ull in th~ t: t.t.eck.ing part.y, .hiu, porfot'"Ulillg .D inrp(\rtAn~ mi.~Bi(ln J1P.81" LLmeviU". Yrnnce01'1 13 June 1918.

Nox~ ot kin: E. W, Rucker (Futner) Faye tte, Mo,

By command u! Gener~l Pershin~:I,

C. p. BARl'ETTAdju~t Gencrc.l

SiJ;ned C. R. EDWARDSMajor Ganeml

HE laTH AERO SQUADRON A. E. F. HAS RECEIVED PRAISE FOR ITS WORK IN mE 2ND BATTLEOF THE MARNE:-

. HEADQUARTERS 26th DIVISIONAMERICAN E. F.

July 31, 1918.

From: Comaaandin~ General

To: Commanding Officer, 12th AerQ Squadron

SubJ eet: COllrmendadon .:

1. In the mam~ruble attcck und ccrr.paign of th~ seconu bhttle of theMkrne, in which my divi~ion, the 26th, participated from the 18th to the25th of July, inclu~i~e. I relied much upon the effective ~nd gullantaanice of yuur squa.dron,

2. As far us wkterinl would warr~nt unanllow, your personnel renderedIBllant .and efficien~ service. Tne interest bnu spirit vus splenuid.

3. On the behaU.,.! th-e aivisiori, let lile CAjJreSB my thUQA& &1'0 con-...atula tions. You neve a fine body .01 YOUliG ... en, Tell theta tht. t we 1i"eUs_ and believe in Lheul.

A TlWE COPY:CHAS. W. WADE

let Lieut" A. S. Slg, R. C.

For the first twe in t.he hisr.ory of this country, 8011iero underOrder. tor duty h~ve been transported byl.he air rout~. On sutu~day.8Iptember 7th, eighteen en~i8ted ffi~ were pa88en~er6 ln airplanes pilot~d'-1 otficers nnd lohe airplunel;; ill Conuut1oU!iof three, four, t:.noflve ehlps,

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carried t.he men {rum Cntlnuto Fitdd, Runtoul, to Chf~pt.i6i", Illinois, wherethe men he.d been 'odored to report. . t the United Stl1tcs school ot Mil1taryAaronawtlcs, Universi~J of Illinois •

. Col. W. E. G11lwore, presidenli oit~.c Control Bo,.~rd, h...s beenrelieved ~nd ~rdercd ~o Kelly Field~ ann Antonio, Texti~, \mcre he willas.WIle cOlIIDcnd. He \Vus the /!;UElSI. ut u uimwr f.t t.ho Amy Ii Nf;.vy Clubbetore his de~arture.

Lieut. -Col. Thu.' .•.B Dunean, fomer CO:.1J:I..ndin.~ Officer 01 '111ourWright Field, F&1rt ield, 0;;1o, is now Chief of Opera tiona Sect;i.on.'iv.ccood-ing Col. G. C, Bran,.

Lieut.-Col, W, L. Moose. r:ho receut.ly j'inlshed h.Ls !lying \J'!td,lingat. Rock•• ll Fiela, SU1 D:LeI;o, Cl~UfornilJ, h....s succeeded Mujor W" M. J,Fitamauriee as Flying Executive in tohe Operations section, L(I1;or Fit.&r,.t.ur1.cehas teen a.::.B1gneu to ,",uty With l.hc Adjutt.tJ1L Gt=ncrol's Office.

-.----._-Firet Lieut.. Duul:;!t:.B CWDPbel1, AlDerieun nce, r,;canUy re~rned ,..-

o.,er.ene. hae b a •• igned to duti \-/ith the Trlllnir!l~ sectlon, Divlu10n ofMiUt.t'.rl Aeron ut.!c:J. He he-a viGitod Roc"well Fielti, san Di,,"p,' Cf,lifomlr.,where he 11llPect.eetthe work of ~ruininb in uerlt~l 8\ll1ll.ry_ .

-------.-Cl.!pt, L. E, I\uool, Censur for the Div~aion of Military ",-NnftUties.

1.1\ Wu .. iagt.on Tnursot.y. Sept., 26 rJl, wi iJl l.;. party ot repre_en.;a"i., •• oi' the""1OIl p.icture earuo...nlb8 on e, trip t.brouJll i.he SoutJtwe.t to .... e picw"_ ottra1ning at the rieldlil. 'lbe follcnrin" t1bldo Yll11 be v.Ls1t.ods PO.t Ae1d,''- 8111, Oklu, Tdio.J erro Field, ,~. Worth. TtlXt!8i CflIIIPD1c~. J)lll1as, Texu.s;SChuol ot. )lili.~"y AeroQU.ut..i.c~, Uni..,ersit;; of TeXl48, Au8U~. TeAl>.s;leU1'i.ld, s.a Aatoll10,Text.II, ane. Ellin,atcm Fiald, 80"'\011, TOJW.8. Rep"B88"~ .U., •• o~ t.he Heur.t.Pathe, Gaun:onl., Un~vorlU1 an~ Mutual Sc'reu Te18~••• li •• a... in ':.IU:s PUOl.y,

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"WEEKLY NEWS LETTER" ~DING SA'.cURDAY ,

The \'rar Department authoriles the following:-

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05795OCTOB~ 12, 1~18.

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-Evory pi~ot in tho ismerican Arinywho .gallS -aJ oft; over the German

lines in combat orbombing planes fill1 carry ox on tank '--, . e •• A.,with 8ufficiontair for from six to ours breathing. Pilots andobsorvers in roconnaissance planes on photographic work will also carry themon clear days when they can oporate at 15~000 teet or ovor.

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. Anti-aircraft guns for one thing force him ~o these high altitudes.It ho dri vas a' cci'ribat.plaifo hif Has to Stay' up' tlf prote~t Iflanes' w6rkir1g be- ..neath hilll. ., '_. " .', , , . ,'"

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Tho n0nI!al a1:.mosklheronear' i:{he surface of the 'oarth contains about2~ oxygen and 79;0 of ni trogon. As t~e pilot ascend's in .tne 'air he 'leaves'his natural envi.rorment , Tt4(j densat1'/"of ..the .atmos~her'e Docomes"18as'''and'the 'supply of oxygub grows rulativuly sm~ler' aSa higher and higher altitude 'i8 'roach&d. Thusat'19.uOO fuut tho density of tne air has diminished to'the 'oxtent thatea.~h cubic footcont8.i.ns only one-half the anount'of oxygenas at' sea' level ~ Tho pilot I El body reqUirement's r'enafn the same. slne's eachnonnal intake ot breath at thcs~ high altitudes furnish him with just one-half the 'oxygencont'ainud in each intake of breath at sea lovel ~ Soiliepilots cannot \'fork ath1gh altitudes'at' all;' selmecan stand the strain long-er than otherS'.' "

The fo_ who a~e able to continue tor any length of time be;ond10,000 'or 12.000 teet have a' senee of' "laCK of air" and open their mouths.in ,~rea:thing 'to get mor'e' ait"~ Tht3" bfeathi'ng becomes qUicker and deeper}.the ,h~art boats 'fast "r end t ast cr , They obtain tho requisite amo'unt ofoxygOnby Lncr-oasfng the amourrt of dr breathed in a given time and' by' oj;;'

posi@g a greater amount of blood' t.o' thEf oxygen in the air cells of 'hiS lungs.1'rh1le breathing under tti S .Jrussuro arid really in di st roas , many pi lots 'd'c)'-'-,not teel any marked inconvuniunee for a short period before this emorgency ,method ot getting air which nature provides givos out. He may feel per-fectly tit and well but he is not as efficient as fmen ncar the ground. Hisroaction beC~les slower; he usos longer time to judge distance. to aim hisguns. 'to firo, and to maneuver his shiP. although ho is not consciou~ otthis impairm."erit. Here disaster lurks. for the pilot with swaying senses' '.... ,i,'no longer the captain 'of his wlip. He will feel dilzy but perfectly'hapPy,"though as a: matter of fact he has lost his judgment and if he attemptsto stay at these altitudes ho W'.l.llgradual.l.ypass into a condition'of SEJl11and sometimes total unccnacdcusnass , A-C'k'ashfollows.' ' ...

, The oxygen tank is built to save him from just this. Briefly itprevonts him'trollC be1ng' :put tosl'eepand consequen-tdis-aster l~.OOO'to'20,000. teet above the earth ..... , -, '. -, . • '..

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"In addition' the pilot Supplied with oxygun is much more efficientthan the same 'man flying without it. The pilot supplied \"i th oxygen willnine out otten t~e.'bt1ng down the oppon0nt without it because the oaygenpilot has retained his fUd~ent ,rapidity ot deoision and movement unimpaired.He is able to m'aneU:verand out,.,it his opponent and moreover when he returnsto the groUnd after a prolonged flight in this thin air he will be fresh andable to start out anow, while the man who did not use an oxygen tank will be '

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tirod out and unable to do &ny.oro work that day and possibly the noxt.By the new process this oxygon from the tanks carriod by the pilots

flows in such a manner 'as 'to in no wr..yimpair the comfort or tho movenerrts oftho ainnan., The apparatus is simple and entirely automatic. While the air-plane stands on' the ground no oxygen is given of f but when it t'akos the airthe incroasing deficiency in tho oxygen as the plane arises is cutomaticnllymade up for by tho flow of oxygen without ~~y parsonnl attention from thoainnM. '

The devico which does ail this consists of u small tank. or tanksaccording to the ElJDountof oxygen carried, the pressure apparatus, and thb,h.ce mask co'voring the mouth and nose, and the tubo connected with the reservoir.Thiw mask has combined with it the intorphono whereby ~,e pilot and observercan talk to each other with ease whil" in the air.

ID a mamorandumon the use of oxygen tanks recently addressed topilote and observers of the Air Servico, the Flight Surgeons said:-

, . "Men. thi. i's a gift horso, pure and simple. Regard it as a tllustyfriend that will cury you s:).fo1y at trying altitudes, pull you out of manya rough rut of flagging looree. and bring you back to terra finna with theleast expendi'tUre ot strength and energy. Can you afford to be less alert'than yoUr" 81UlID1! CaDyou re'fuse to use any weapon pluced at your di sposal!Have you il6t DeOdor .!!! your strangth when your great moment comes! ThenJ1! tit, teoR lit,. u.e JOur oxygeB apparatus."

Many oxygen test. haYe been made recently over f!Xing fields inthis country, all of Which have been closely watched by Flight Surgeons of theAir Sen1.ce and the men in the planes carefully exmned before and atter eachtest.

The War De;&rtment,authori&e8 the following:-

Air.men of the~y are flying thousands of miles from field to field.frClll the Atlantio to the Mississippi, through the Southwest and to the Coast.U ttle ie heard or 'seen of theDl even by the inhtlbi tants of the country over whichthey pass. This oros's country work of these unknoWnflyers \,rill aeme day ,make an intetesting chapter in the' history of Aviation in this country. Thefollowing' entrielin, the' 101 Of 'on. 'aiJmaii who flew'1700 miles frem scott' Field,Bellville, 'Ill1nois to Kellyfteld near SBIIAntonio. Texas, gives a good ideaof the work done in developing the school of the flyer in America.. ' ,

Captain F. R. 8Art1Gj; was the air.man in this f) j "hi;• He coveredthe 341 ailie. betwe. S:~Yill. and Clark Fieldt lI_phis,.t. Thennesfsa.ee~~ndtbhr.,~e Vhours aDd t ve minute. 41 ail a'.rage speed or .u.u Dl1.L8S an our .. ~..rea stiff 1r1.nd'fra the Great Lakes and at an altitude of between 7000 and 9000teet. On the second lei of the trip between Memphis, Tennes~ee and Pa~n~Field, WestPoint, M1.s1esippi, 1r1sh1ng to atop for lunch he desc~ded Md wasclose to the, ground oYer an abandoned race track when he suddenly touncr-the air80 th1ll tliat' he kDR he could not get ott the groU&"1donce he landed. He hadditficUlt,"iil getting ~k to the upper air currents again but by following aflock ot bSD'd1 which fl. in an asoending oircle, he secured enough altitude to

coritdnue , AplJruacrlin5West faint, l'i-ississippi,fine air was agai n encounteredbut over this town he ran into ~n electrical st.orm and was forced to descend.

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ni th cLec.r wea the r the next day he made tne 230 miles between'-'estPoint, ~lississippi, and Lonoke, Arkansas, without a stop though his gasgave out just as he arrived over Bberts Field, which is near this point andLittle Rock. Here bad weather held him up for four days.

Four hundred and fifty miles of the next leg between Eberts Field~nd Post Field, Fort Sill, Oklahoma, which had not been covered before in anairplane at this time, proved the hardest task in his whole trip. He madethe distance, however, in nine hours of difficult flying over the OzarkMountains and came down at hugo, Oklahoma, for gas.

He hadmnde his course straight from Little Rock over the Ozark! inan air line for Fort Sill but with nothing but a rough carpet of high hillsand thick timber under him as far as he could. see, and on account of the badweather making, he abandoned the air line to the West and veered to the South.Sixt1 miles in this direction from Hugo he encountered a gale of such forceas fell trees on the ground below him. he attempted to rise over it, wascaught in a large wedge of black clouds, held in the grip of the storm andfor 35 minutes hung over Arkadelphia, Arkansas. Hi s plane settled frem analtitude of 6000 feet to 30uO feet and'drifted about two miles sideways whenhe finally broke through the stonn and came out miles off his course but intodry weather. By compass calculations, however, he picked up his directionagain and landed at Fort ';i11 without furtlJer incident.

Be tween Fort Si11 and Wi chita Falls I Texas I he again met badweather and had to be satisfied with a short mileage that day, not makingTaliaferro Field near Fort '-forth,as he had planned. ~rom t he Falls thislatter distance is 110 miles and Captain Bartlett again failed to make iton the day f ol.lowing , running into a stift' gale which held his ground speeddown to 25 rni Les ar. hour and !'.elanded in the dusk at Bridgepor.t, just shortof r.is destination.

The next day he made Fort ~orth without trouble but lea~ng thispost at 6:30 A.M., he encountered winds which shifted fran South to East toNorth. This weather developed into a heavy storm and he was forced to landat Waco~ Waiting here f0r the stann to pass he took off again under blackclouds which hung as low a~ 600 feet and with a ptrong south wind along thezround , He climbed to 30C'JOfeet and there f aund clear air and a brisk north "".wind. Corn husks blo~m frorr.the ground followed him and various birds carriedby this wind flew above him at 5000 feet, an unusual altitude for them. Hefini~hed his 1700 mile flight at 3:30 in the afternoon, it having taken himsince 6:30 in the morning to come from Fort ~orth, a distance of some 295miles.

A new style oxygen apparatus, designed to enable aviators to fly ~at high altitudes, was g~"'en ail uffiC1al try-out in connection with the WarEX;Josition at Grant Par-k, Chicago, on Sunday September 8th before a group ofJrominent officials of the air service. Among those who witnessed the test~ere Major General W. L. Kenly, Director of Military Aeronautics, BrigadierGeneral T. C. Lyster, M. 8., of the Air Service Division, Surgeon General's

office, Lieutenant Colonel Isaac jones, F. C., Lieutenant Colonel C. K.Rhinehardt A. S. A., and Lieut~nant 0clonel ~. R. Lewis, M. C.

The flic.:htswas made by Lieutenant V. B. Kelleher and state SenatorAlbert C. Clark of Illinois in one of the new model De Haviland 4 airplanes,equipped with a Liberty motor. In view of the nature of the fliCht, unusualprecautions were taken to have the pla~4. in first class condition. Before themachine was permitted to go up, Lieut. Kelleher and Senator Clark Were givena thorough physical.examination by General Lyster personally.

According to the official report of the flight, the airplane leftthe grcund at 12:55 P. M. The pilot took a sout};erly course mounting tofifteen thousand feet in seventeen minutes. At nine thousand feet it wasnecessary to detour around a large cloud bank so that the machine wo~ld notbecome moistened and affected by the low temperature in higher altitude.Slight motor trouble impeded for a few minutes the upward flight of Uemachine but the source was found quickly' and corrected.

05795-4..

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It took the airplane thirty-five minutes to climb from fifteenthousand to "enty three thousand five hundred feet during which time, thereport continued, exceptionally fine atmospheric conditions were encountered.A temperature of seventeen below zero was recorded at this altitude.

As soon as the rarity of tl,e air beca~e noticeable the flow ofoxygen in the apparatus was permitted to start. The device functioned per-fectly fram the start, Lieut. Kelleher and Senator Clark reported. Breatr~ngwas as natural, they said, as on the ground.

The pilot VIas com!Jelled to st0.rt the descent to earth at the heightof 23,500 feet, as the danger- signal shewed or.tl.e appar-a tus , At this height,the pilot and passenger said, they w~re able to breathe with ease by means ofthe device.

Returning to eighteen thousand feet trie full flow of oXYben wasturned on until an elevation of fourteen ttousand feet was reached. The lossof oxygen was noticeable according to Lieut. Kellel-.erand Senator Clark byheavy pressure on the enr drums. The uirpla~e descended at the rate of athoUSand feet a minute. The descent from the m~ximum altitude to the earthtook twenty-live minutes. Foth pi lot and passenger experienced slight phy si csLdiscomfort for a time by reason of the extremes of temperature. The totalflight took one hour and eishteen minutes.

In the opinion of ~ieut. Kelleher, the maximum altitude had notbeen reached. Additional tests rr.aybe made in the future to determine theeffectiveness of the oxygen apparatus at greater heights in the air. Lieut.Kelleher was enthusiastic over tLe performance of the De Haviland 4.

The War De~artment authori~es the following:-

Captain R. W. Schro.!~~...lAi! Ser vice , .u~~..A.tL.wr~()s~~a..l.~~~ud~.~ec?~~ .._._~_of 25,900 f~on, Ohio, on September 18th, ~~s recently 01r1-dally confinned, has filed a report of this climb with r:ajcr Jeneral Kenly,Director of Military Aeronautics. In it he said:-

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"In order to take an ~ir!Jlane to a higher altitude than any otherpilot in the world, I found that it would require mo~e than one or two attempts.I made three a'tt empte , The first one took me to 24,000 feet, the second27,000 feet ~nd the last one to 28,900 feet, but now I feel certain that Ican get to 30,000 feet.

"The cold thin air is one's greatest adversary. First of all, onemust make a study of the performance of his motor at these high altitudes. Itook off at 1:45 P.M. Wednesday, September 18th, 1918, and made a steadycircular cltmb, rassing through clouds at 8,000 feet, 12,000 feet and 16,000feet. At 20,000 feet, while still climbing in large circles, my goggles be-came frosted, making it very difficult for me to watch my instrumentS. WhenI reached 25,000 feet I noticed the sun growing very dim, I could hardly hearmy motor run, and I felt very hungry. The trend of my thought was that itmust be getting late, that evening must be coming on, but I was still climbingso thought I might as well stick to it a little longer, for I knew I couldreach my ceiling pretty soon, then I should go down and even though it weredark, I could land all right for I had made night landings many times betore,and so I went to talking tG myself and this I felt was a good sign to begintaking oxygen and I did. I was then 'over 25,000 feet and as soon as I startedto inhale the oxygen, the sun grew bright again, my motor began to exhaust soloud that it seemed something must be wrong with it, I was no longer hungryand the day seemed to be a most beautiful one. 1 felt like singing with sheerjoy as I gazed about through the small portion of my goggles which had no trost,due to a drop of oil which had splashed on them from the motor.

"It waS wonderful to see the very clear blue sky with the cloudsthousands of feet below. The trost on my goggles bothered me very much. Attimes I had to remove my glove in order to put the warm pa~ of my hand onthe glass to thaw the frost. I did this about every ten minutes so that Icould take the proper readings of the instruments, which 1 marked down on mydata pad. I believe that if my goggles had been better ventilated, theywould not have frosted. When I was about 27,000 feet, I had to remove mygoggles, as I was unable to keep ~ steady climb. My hands, by this time,were numb and worried me considerably. The cold raw air made my eyes waterand 1 was compelled to fly with my head well down inside the cockp~t.

"1 kept at it until my oxygen gave out and at that point I noticedmy aneroid indicated very nearly 29,000 feet. The thermometer showed 32 de-grees below zero. centigrade, and the R.P.M. had dropped from 1600 to 1560.This is considered very good. But the lack of oxygen was affecting mer 1was beginning to get cross, and I could not understand why I was only 29,000feet after climbing for so long a time. I remember that the horizon seamedto be very much out of place, but I felt that I was flying correctly and thatI was right and the horizon was wrong.

"About this time the motor quit. I was out of gasoline, so Idescended in a large spiral. When I descended to about 20,000 feet, I beganto feel much better and realized that the lack of oxygen had affected me. Ipassed down through the clouds at 16,000 feet and as I remember, it wassnowing from ~hese clouds upon the next layer, some 4,000 feet below. I amnot positive of this as 1 may have been affected by the lack ot oKygen. Inoticed as 1 dlscended that the air seemed to be very thick and stuffy, butvery nice and warm. I did not see the ground trom the time I went up throughthe clouds above Dayton, Ohio, until I came down through them again at 4,000

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feet above l:Elnton,,-,hi0 , over ;:;00miles from where I started.

0::>795

"I was lost, beyond a doub t , with a dead engine over very roughcountry. I Lan ded 0.1'.. and broke tlle tip of my propeller, which was standingvertical, when I rolled into a d8preGsion in t~e ground. However, I did notnose ovor or do any other dElmage to the plane or myself. I flew back toDayton "'ith a new propeller .11

HEADQUARTERS AIR SERVICEFIRST CORPS

AMERICAN E. F.

August 1st, 1918

From: Chief of Stafr, 1st Army Corps, American E. F.To: Chief of Air Service, 1st', Arrr.yCorps, American E. F.

Subject: CQmmendation

1. The Corps Cor!IIilanderis extremely gratified and pleased with theeffective, splendid work of the observation squadrons of this ~orps.

2. In spite of control of the air by the enemy, the pilots and ob-servers have been tireless and successful in carrying out their missions ofobservation and for the purpo3e of taking photobra)hs which ~ave playeda great part in the succes&ful advance of the Corps.

3. The Corps Cammander c3sired t~at you convey his personal thanksto those under your canmand, Rnp he further desires that the names of thosewhom you deem worthy of special recognition be reported pranptly to theseHeadquarters for trw1smission to the Commander-in-Chief.

(Signed) Malin CraigChief of Staff

A TRUE COPY:

CHAS W WADE1st Lieut. A. S. Sig. R. C.,

Adjutant.

COPIED BY WBj

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The War Department authorizes ~~e 10110wing:-

05795

/Fourteen .enemy airplanes and three enemy balloons were brought down

by /IIlericanaviator.s.with the British forces iIi tAB period frCID August 25th toSeptember 8th, according to a summary of British Royal Air Force communiquesjust received here.

The Distinguished Service Order was given to 1st Lieut. A.F. Sonnalie,and special mention was made of the following combat in which JiDerican aviatorsparticipated:

"lit Lieut. H. R. Clay brought dDWl1an enemy airplane which wasattacking an S. E. 5, and then attacked another whi ch was Cighting one of hi sown patrol and brought it down. He was then set on by three enemy airplanesand after fighting for three minutes 1st Lieut. C. Bissell of the samesquadron, came to his assistance and shot down two of the hostile machinesand drove another down out of control."

other Americans mentioned as bringing down enemy airplanes were;-1st Lieutenants, 'A.S.S.C.

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F. ~. Dixon, 5538 Forbes St., Pittsburg, PatT. L. Moore, Kewanee, Ill., 617 Chestnut st.E. W. Springs, Lancas;ar, Pa., (Leroy Springs, Father)E. H. Barksdale, Goshen Springs, Miss.F. E. Kindley, Gravetts. Ar,., (Uther Callahan, Cousin)C. I. McLean. New York City. N.Y. 776 Madison Ave.,W. B. Knox, Princeton. N.J. #1. WestBrown Hall. Princeton Uni~~F. E. Luff, Cleveland Heights, Ohio. 3046 Lincoln Blvd.(E.J. LufC,H. L. Bair, New Yo~k City, N.Y •• 111 West Illth st.. . Father)J. O. Creech. Tacoma Park, D. C. 6614 Harlan Place.Enemy balloons were brought down by:-2nd Lieutenant;I. P. Corse, Minneapolis. Mimn.2301 1st Ave. South ,(Irving L. Corse,

Father)F. E. Luff, Cleveland Heights, Ohio. 3046 Lincoln Blvd. (H.l. LufC,

Father)

\','EEEI,Y 11E\1S LETTER - tJEEK ElIDING OC'rOBER 19, 1918

The "iar Dep<U't~nentauthori~es the following:

In an interviffiV with the washington correspondents on october 15th,second Assistant secretary of t~ rIp D. Ryan, Whorecently returned froman insp~ alcng 'the '\lestern front. said that his trip to France~s to ace...uir6 theoest 1hfornat1on possible regarding production andoperation ill t:18 Air Se:l.'vice, not alone in the united states or its EXpedi-tionary Fcrc~, but of t:'1eA::.lies as well, ani to endeavor to bring to ourservice whli.tever \Vas :ound. t.o be desirable and that would secure the bestresults. Mr. Rran sa:d:

''UPon reaching :i!TOJlCe I \vent almost innnediately to the front and waswi th OUr air forces during the st. Mihiel fight and also the one in theArgonne. I helie~e th~~ in both these offensives the air forces werestronger in !t'lllnberl:!a:~.dl~E->rlJ8,psas high in efficiency as in any battle ofthe war. Thi e oprmcn ':7~~;:l i:'xpressed by both the French and Bri tish Com.-:. .manders aa ';VE;ollas by our ':-\'.'fhThe air forces in both offensives were underthe direction of -:i1eftmer~.car.Commanderand while the French furnished alarge ~.t o~ t~e fc~ces u~e~ and the British-co-operated, the Americansquadrons maile up ab0'nt bali' of the number participating. The testimony ofall Col11nlt11ld~~'s~oth Ot.r own and those of tile A:!.lies was to the effect thatour machille:s we.-e foU£ht well and tha..f;our pilots distinguiShed themselves.Their CO'lllile"lOa ~).O!l of t~e .,vork of our pi1:>ts was tenI.Pered only by a sugges-tion tha t reri1:lr5 O:l':.' b:.~'t:were toe venturesome and over courageous, and Iam incl1'_led. tel 'tell.f;J~ t'":? ~ restraint more than anything else in the fight-ing of ai:r.C.l."~it.~J ne~e::;t)arr for our pilots.

liThe U. S. DeH:.lvila.ndplanes were in general use for observation andday bombing in bo tn. the st. 11ihiel a.."l4 the Argonne attacks and the pilotswere to a mi,-,nenthu13iagt.ic as to their perfornance, and while indiVidualpilots and Jomnande~s bad st~gestionB as to improve~nts and bettermentstha t might be lll••'lde the~' :7Elra individual and se Ldomindica ted anything morethan a pe:'sC):l3.1p,,:'off:l'en,}efor some re-arra.ngement of details. The CODP;: .manders of all the Sq,'.V3.drm.Husing DeHaviland planes as well as planes ofBri tiSh and :French manut'acture for like pruposes told me that the pilots inevery case would pref~I' to take a DeHaviland machine with a Liberty engineover the line ra.t:l.::r ~;han~l1Y machine of a. like type. This is dl1e to thefact that the machlns is fa.gt and for one of its type is quite maneuverable;that it climbs weI] ~ld the pilots all agreed is a very efficient machinefor the uses for Which i.t is intended.

"In paris and alse in London I met at conference the heads of the AirMinistries of ?rance and Great Britian, and the whole question of joint pro-gram now aimed at by the United states and the Allies is one that shouldutilize to the best advantage the faoUi ties and the resources of all thecountries on our side of the war in rna. terials as well as in men. The Air1anisters of the other nations were all in accord in arriVing at this 'lmder-standing" and I came home ple~ to them and they to J'lI8 to carry out in theclosest oooperation a combined program that has the approval of the Cormand-

ing Of'ficel's u.s ~:ell as tile heads of the Air Ministries of the other :~, /countries. ~~lecomoined a.ir services will be directed as the armies are, ../and '"hile t..e Co;rn;13.n(~ingGe:leN.l of each of the na. tions controls hi s own airforces, 11el,lnces ita t the disposa.l or the Conm:anderin Chief just as heplaces the 6.ivisio1l3 of ilis army, nnd the rosult has already been seen inthe great concelltratio'l of aircraft fighting at st. aihiel and tile ArgonneS-;';C11as has llov~r been br ougirt about in any previous action of the war.'

"0.1 .,,:, tl'ip the :I~iberty engine was the cause of more worry to me thananythinG' eLe t.eccuse n.1l of the Allied n....tions were demandi.ng more of tbemt_~~,c~coru.d ,Io~,sibly be sU~jj)l;.ed. French, Bri tish and Italian have used theLiberty en::i'e 1:1 tl:eiJ.' own.oacrunes at the rr orrtand their building pro-gram as no.r L1id out ar-e '0:'.sed to a cons ider-ab Lo e::tent upon obtaining asupply of treie .rotor-s in h,.i.s country. I COlleho:.:e feeling that our Alliesconsider te ,,'['.]\;ess c ' ';11(. i)'Lited ~tates in producing tm s engine in largenumbers o..e 'J' Fe ',:"'5 ":8;:J acconpl i shraent.s ill the war, Both the Bri tishand the .era.c, ar o '1,.,7 1,l,:~"'il6'the Liberty notor in pla:les that formerlycarried eL,L,)s 0::: eiLor ;j, ~'leaviel"vrei.ght or less power. I can safely saythat the Libe::ty eE:;Le ':-lith ita hieh pover coobmed with lightness hasgreatly mcr-e.vsed t12 dfi"l( iency of some of the planes that the Allies havebeen usinG 0. t t..,e f:'c~~~ :..': Jome time. Their representa Uves even ex-pressed t1)e~.sA::'VJJ+'0 . " '.;J..~ it has Madenew'nacnfnea of several of theirold types.

"iJlile I '.V..J.S abr-oad t'hl:l10,OOOti1 Liberty motor was turned out inDetroi t , ';,te:l you i-ec.ce. th:..:.t10,000 of t~1ese engines '.7i11 develop 4,000,000horse pover , ~.'(jur-ea.li ee uhnt it means to the air rorces on our side to havethem in such qn.l'd';' ties, anJ. ti.lat tr.is total has been produced Virtuallysince :ray Ls t , or in five rjo;:tils work.';

".i..'rO';1 n.) , cn my «. ",.[r '\!ill be so to lay down tee policy of productionand the k~,itll.:;'')'-;p<'", ';" in this country as to perfectly fit such ITorkinto tile eor-bt nec. lxr'Oo~2.1 oi' tae Allies, so as to put into operation at thetrou.t in the s.ior te s t ro:;C'ible time th.e greatest air power and efficiencyin order to .ie Ip win tne ',:ar at the earliest da.y."

Major r-e~cr31 Ke1l1~'r.'ule pUblic on october 18th a letter sent byGeneral pers.lL1:; 0:'1 sapt~j']b~r 16th to the Cdef of the ;.ir Forces of theFirst ~, ~. ~. F. It read as follows:

"Fle£.se cccep ' ny siacere congr-atula tions on the successful and veryi"lportant Ilrt "'A:~":' b~' tJ,3 Air forces under your comraand in the firstoffensive of t.ie ~'i!,; ': /\,e:..,''.;3.:''lArmy. The organization and control of thetre~endous CO;lCe1.t:.'::; ~:.on of J..ir forces, including AJDerican, French, Bri tishand I tali~n ui: its, whic • L:J.Senabled t:le Air service of the Firs t .4rmy tocarry out so su~cessn:!ly its dangerous and important mission, is as finea tr ibute to ;"011 2e1'30n.] 1,>"as is the courage and nerve S~10wn by your offi-cers a Sig.l;).l )roof of' U:e ~ligh morale '.7hich permeate s the service underyour command•.

"please convey to your commandmy he.::rtfelf appreciation of theirwor-k, I am proud of you all. r.

(signed)

***"'******

2.

sincerely yoursJam; J. PERS::ING"

.- -..----::--:-------.-~:;..;:' :---.----~--.... :-.- ~--------.-::--: ----_." --~---- ----

"'In a cornmunicat10nreoe1ved by Major General '\J1111amL. Kenly fromRear Adm1ralC. F. Goodrioh, U. s. N., thll writer quoted from & letterwri tten by 1o:-d sydenbam, betterlmown to the service as Major George S".Clarke'ot',:the:;Ro~ Engineers, an a.uthority on fortifications. Jl&jor Clarke's

. message was as follows: "Impress upon your people that ten thousand a.ir-planes a\ this junction, are \10rth more than five hundred thoUl8.nd combatants'a terre, and will not require nearlJ '0 much transport.we can bring Germanyto terms b~' air force, that 11 certain."

0.5. 841 /

.....*******Kajor Genli't'a:lVI. L. Kenly, Oolonel A. L. Fuller, I:.t. Colonel Hersey

and. "Jor J. C. McCo~r&.Ct:'..nz as pilot, mac!.ea balloon flight on october 17thfrom \'.a.shing~on....0 Bal;j.m(\L"3, starting :trom the polo field in potomac Parkat 12:.16 and landing shor~j.y before 5:00. Wbile in' the air these officersdropped Liberty ~ lite~.t~e •

...***** ..**\11111a.m c. Potte~, Acting Director of Aircraft Production, madepublic

thla week a letter fr0IDt.ae British Air Mission in London, dated september26t4, which read as 1'011';)\'7(\:

**.**** ....

" .IAfter 100 hours t;1.ying, one engine (Iibert~) was strippedand tound to be in very .good condition. Tests have been madein the air. in :DeH&vilallii.i-A anet Dena~iland 10 machines. Engine.have performed 'wnifo~ satisfactorily in these tests. Infot-nation of;.;'ic1ally exp'!'essed tour months ago to etfect thatengine '''1.0111dPl"OV~ s:"/~istacto1"71n service tully confirmed."

I.\

<. {/ '.r

DUring the l'ecent ez.plosion of the Gillespi Ihell loading plant atMorgan, Ne" Jersey, repol.ts ttr"tbl"""DtfIB1<nrof 1l11IWy'Aeronaut1cs show.that by means of observations trom an army airplane. it was possible to10 direot the tight against the oonflagration as to ch80k the flames am.probably pre'Yen~further loss ot 11fe and property, at least to save tromdestruction 8,000,000 pomuls ot T. N. T. The plane used came trom theB,acl1oEX})er\mellta.lIabratOI'J at campAlfred vail, further down.ontheJersey coast.. Lt.Cyt"o1S"I.3mYtheftl the pilot am Djor H. L. Armatrongot the Br1Ulb Arm:I, an otticer stationed at tbe explosives pl.a.nt was theobsener.

several inattectue.l 8fforW to learn from the ground the direction andprogress of the fire and where it was sate to send relief parties of theplant had a.lready been ma.deand caused the call tor the services of thea1J'plane.

Flying over the wrecked works at an altitude of 1000 teet, Lt. smythe10 placed his plane that i:Jajor AJ'mstrongwas "ble to get this valuable infor-mation quiokly. For one thing, heAw lanes of tire leading from the demol-1she4 loading sheds near the creek working tow&rdsthe' storage warehousescontaining hundreds ot thousands Qf pounds ot T. B. T. Prom aloft he alsoW&8 a\le to make out openings through' these walls of fire and wr80kage bywhich men could be sent to check. the flames and attempt to save the property.

0.8. ("1

Altogether tbt pia••• 1ntbe au- over tbe b.urn1ng plant twentyminutes', during which tima Be1'ei'a.l hea."fY e~1081ons oCcurred, aeD11ng '.molten ste~l and b1as1ng~Qd ~r0U8ly near 1it. Hawe.er. it e.,capedwi thout 'being tomhed., al~ugb. ~ a.ltt blasts rocked tb8 lIh1p perilously •

•TWoa.ttemp~s "ere a.lso D&4e by airplanes to photograph the t1~8 &D1

e::,i?losions, and altho. a number of exposures were l18de at aloo, 1500 &Q4600 feet, and. el'en. ona cloBe 131>, at an altitude ot 50 teet, the films weredestroyed throtAgh acoidents to tQe trigger and shUtter, UDdaubtedly oaae4

. by the heat from the tire.

••••••••••The first. of the reports rece11'8d by the Information Branch on the

work Of thent:JWly or€>ani~9G.oentral 'buying ccmn1ttees in the 1'8.riousfields and carq:>s cam.6 ~.L t,his week from Post Field, Fort SIll, (JclabOfbl..1t s;howBa. saving of $230 on one truekloaci of fowls and garden truck Dadeontbe pwcha.2e of one truckload. In an effort to system&Use and arga.n1sein buying foolistufh for the combiD8d messes t tAle writer of tb8 reportsaid tba. t the fa.rmel"S of the surround ing terri tory were 1'181ted, told tbBobject of thEl '1hi t anrt t11t;, fresh products purchased Gutrlght 'kept tbemesses 8uppli~C: dt<ri~ "":.hp.~~ng week. It 18 now tbB plan "at -this fieldto send. out a. tr1.i.cke"t~l')Tl<'riday afternoon. some idea of'tm actal saTingeffected 03111;)(\ ga.~.lled rr om the follOlrins comparati.'" prlce.: .. werebought f(lr 3E ~\9ntQ e. d.c:zen. CUrrent prices in the local narkets on thesame da.:T were 40 6.nd 50 cents. Ch1.ckenswere bought for 20 cents" pouDd,at a saV1.Ilg oi } '. Qf3nl:.!3:per pound. Six hundred pounds were brousht intothe pest. sw~<.:. potatoes) n~ualli selling at two pcUDds far 25 ceuts, ....bought te-r r; ~on;f:I a. pO'lAI'..1.. Roasting ears boupt at 35 cents a ci.ozeaftl'equoted ilL th~ wh:>.I.E'5&.19 MUrE)S a.t 90 cent&. Tonatoes and watermel0D8 werebought at a <,871t'.g'o~ al)~,r()xi.nately 100 per cent. '!O taeilitate thecollecting ('.f ~~'PJ.l.i~t:, it 18 p1&mled to establish a. central point to whichthe farme:r:-scan bl'int; tnei~ prodU6e, at which station the Post Field ~will ma.ke its c(lllC;tOU()~.

... .

. '-';;;IT''

O.S. 863

FROUTHI:AERONAUTIC1.LINFO:RHATIONBRANCH

WEEKLYID},~lS IETTBR- WEEKEJ:DIHGOCTOB1R26, 1918

NOTETOEDITORS:

THEATTENTIO:r OF ALL EDITU?S IS CA.LLEDTO 1HE RELEASEDATEIN-DICA~D ONTHE CITATIONSFROrrGBIIBRALPERSHIlTG'SCOIrmUIQUE. YOUAREALLO:!EDTO RAVE THIS IN ATlVANCEONLYON THE STIPULi.TIONTHATIT BE NOTr.!ADEPUBLIC UNTIL TFERELEASEDATE. IT IS IHPERATIVETHATTH IS STIPU-LATIONBE ADHEREDTO.

The War Department authorizes the following:

**********

The Commander in Chief of name of the President,has aWB.:i:dedthe cross tho following officers andsoldiers for the acts(ofr~ ••~~~~~~~e~r~o~m described after their names:

Najor William Thaw, A.S., 103rd Aero Squadron. For extraordinary V'heroism in action near Rheims, France, 1~rch 26th, 1916. ~~jor Thaw wasthe leader of a patrol of three planes which attacked five enemy monoplaneand. tnree battle planes. He am another member of the patrol brought downone enemy plane and the three drove down out of control two others ani dis-persed the remainder. The BraMe oak Leaf is awarded !Iajor Thaw for extra-ordinary heroism in action near rtontagne, France, April 20th, 1918. In theregion of Honta.gne, Hajor Thaw attacked and brought dovm burning, an enemyballoon. While returning to his own lines the saee day, he attacked twoenemy monoplanes, one of which he sho t down in flames.

Home address: Benjamin Thaw, Jr., Care of lmerican Embassy, Paris,France.

" /

First Lieutenant Edward V. Rickenbacker, A.S., 94th Aero Squadron, ~"/For extraordinary heroism in action near Montsec, France, April 29th, 1918VLieut. Rickenbaclcer attacked an enemy Albatross monoplane and after a vig-orous fight, in Which he followed his foe into German territory, he succeededin shooting it down near Vigneulles-Ies Ratton Chatel. One bronze Oak Leafis awarded Lieut. Rickenbaclter for each of the following acts of extraor-dinary heroism in action: On ~lay 17th, 1918, he attacked three Albatrossenemy planes, shooting one down in the Vicinity of Richecourt, France, andforcing the ot~ers to retreat over their ovm lines. On May 22nd, 1918, heattacked thl~e monoplane Albatross planes four thousand meters over st. Mihiel,France. He drove them back into German terri tory, separated one from thegroup and shot it down near Flirey. On Hay 28th, 1918, he sighted a groupof two battle-planes and four monoplanes, German planes, which he at onceattacked Vigorously, shooting down one and dispersing the others. On l~ 30,1918, '4,000 metera over Jaulnoy, Frame, he attacked a group of five enemypl~1es. After a Violent battle, he shot down one plane and drove the othersavm.y.

Ho~ address: U:rs. \'lilliam Rick:enba.cker, 1334 E. LiVingstone sse«,Columbus, Ohio.

,..• e ,\,

- .-. - .-. - ~---- ----. ---- - ~--

as 863

'-,Ii

-2- ~First Lieut. :::Jougla.sCampbell, A.S., 94th Aero Squadron. For ex-

traordinary heroism in action on ~ 19th, 1918. Lieut. Campbell attackean enemy biplane at an al ti tude of 4600 meters, east of Flirey, France.He rtlI.shed to "the attack but after shooting a few rourns, his gun jamned.Undeterred by this accident, he malwuvered so as to protect himself,co rr-ected the jam in midair al1.d returmd to the assault. After a short,violent action, the enemy plane took fire and. crashed to the earth. OneBronze oak Leaf is awarded to Lieut. Campbell for each 0 f the followingacts of e~traordinary !lerotsm 111 actiona On May 27th, 1918, he en-countered three enemy monoplanes at an al ti tude of 3,000 meters averMontsec, France. Despite the superior strength of the enemy, be promptlyattacked and, fightir.g a brilliant battle, shot down one oerman machine,which fell in three pieces, and drove tre otller two well wi thin the enemylines. On ~i'JaY 28th, 1918, he saw six GermanAlbatroas aeroplanes flyi~tmrard. him at an al ti tude of 2,000 meters near Bois Rata, France. BBgard-less of personal danger, he immediately attacked and by skillt'l1l maneuveringand accurate operation of his machine gun, he brought one plane down inflames and drove the ot1-:er five back into their own lines. on May 31st,1918, he took the offensive against two German bi-planes at an altitade of2500 maters over Lironville, France, shot down one of them and pursued theother far behirxl the German lines. On June 5, 1918, accompanied byanother pilot, he attacked two enemy battle-p,lanes at an alt1 tude ot 5700meters over Eply, France, After a spirited combat, Lieut. Campbell was shotthrough the back by a nachtne -gun bullet, but in spite of his 1njury, hekept on fighting until he had forced one of tm enemy planes to the growrl, _

where" it w~s destroyed by artillery fire, ~d had driven tbeother plane rA" :..back lnto lts own territory. "Homeaddress: W.W.Campbell, Lick Observatory, Nt. Ham11~on, Callf'o "-.

,.,.

Second Lieut. Ralph A. ~., l47th Aero SCIl'!.adron. For ex- .,traord.inary heroism in action near Chateau Tl1ierrr", France, July 2nd, 1918. .,Lieut. O'Neill, and four other pilots, attacked 12 enemy batt1e..planes. Ina violent battle wi thin the enemy's lines, they brought down 3 German planes,one of which was credited to Lieut. O'Neill. A"BI'onze Qa1t Leaf is awardedto Lieut. O'Neill for the following act of extraordinary heroism in action:On July 5th, 1918, Lieut. O'Neill led 3 other pilots in battle against 8 Ger-man pur sut t-planes near Chateau Thierry, Fj,.ance. Lieut. O'Neill attackedt:"le leader opening fire at about 150 yards" and closing up to 10 y..s. r8Dg8.After a quick and decisive fight, the enemy aircraft fell in flames. Lieut.O'Neill then turned on three otl~r 'machines that were attacking him fromthe rear and brought one of them down. The other five enemy planes were0.1'1ven away.

Homeaddress: Mrs. R. L. O'Neill, 218 Sonoita St., Nogales, Arizona. "/

1st Lieut. JamlS A. neissner, A.S., 94th Aero Squadron. For extra- \/",Jordinary heroism in action In the Toul Sector in May 1918. He attacked .three enemy planes at an al ti tude of' 4800 meters aver the Foret De La :Rappe,Prance , After a short fight, he brought down one of the machines in flame ••During the combat, the entering wedge and the covering of the upper wingeof Lieut. l''ie1ssner's plane were torn ~ am after the battle he wassubjected to heavy fire from anti-aircraft batteries, but by skilfUl oper-ation and cool jUdgment, he succeeded in making a landing wi thin the AJDer1C8Z1lines. The Bronze Oak Leaf is awarded Lieut. Meissner for the followingact of ext raord.mary heroism in action: on Iia.y 30th, 1918, be attackedtwo enemy planes at an al ti tude of 4500 zmters, above JaulnOJ', France, andafter a sharp engagement sho t one down in flames and forced the othar backinto its o,m ter~itory.

H~~ _~~~~~s: __Ca~!...A._ I.'i~~s.9D~r... 45 LenQ%.-Road__Btt\£\.klvn. R __Y ------- .

-3- o,s. 863 ~

Captain David ;119K. Peterson, A.S., 91th Ae ro Squad ron , For e~~tra- /'ordinary heroism in Qcti~n ne3.rl:.uneville, F~~ance on Yiay 3rd, 1918. Leadi~/a patrol of three, Cap tafn Peterson enc oun tered five enemy planes. at anal ti tude of 3500 meters J'lQ imrr.ediatelygave battle. Not",ithstanding thefact he' was attacked from all sides, th is officer, 1:Jyskillful maneuvering,succeeded in shoo ting down one of tr.eenemy planes a.l1CL di spersing the re-maining four. The Bro~e oak Leaf is awarded to Captain Peterson for ex-traordinary heroism in action near Thiauoourt,Fr3nce on May 15th, 1918.While on a patrol alone Captain Peterson encotUltered t~~ enemy planes atan altitude of 52 rr.eters. He promptly attacked, despite the odds, and shotdown one of the enemy planes in f'Larre s, rnile thus engaged, he was attack-ed from above by the second enemy plane, but by skillful maneuvorihg hesucceeded in shoo t ing it dovm al so.

Hom; address: P. B. Peterson, Honc sda.Lo, Pa./

1st Lieut. Frank A. Llewellyn, Pilot, 99th Auro Squadron. \LHome address: Hrs. ':1. A. L!'owellyn, Mother, 5636 Kenwood Avenue,

C' icago , Ills., and 2nd Lieut. Roland H. Nce L, C.10, Observer, 99th Aero Squad an.Home address: Joseph N. Neel, father, Macon, Ga. For extraordinary

horoismin action east of Saint Die, France, August 17th, 1918. Lieut.Llewollyn acting as pilot, and Lieut. Neol, acting as observer, carriedon successful liaison with infantry during tho attack on Frapelle. Theyflew over tho'enemy lines at an altitude of only 400 meters, firing onand disconcerting the enemy and thereby giving courage and confidonce tothe Ar.erican Forces. Despite heavy fire from fifteen anti-aircraft machineguns and several batteries of anti-aireraft artillory, they performed theirwork effiCiently. Their aeroplane was struck by a number of nachtna-gunbullets. one of which cut the rudder and e lovator control wires andcaused the rudder to jam. The broken control wire was held and operatedby Lieutenant Neel under direction of Lieutenant Llewellyn. Running themachino together in this manner, they continued their liaison work untilthe plane began to bocome unmanageable, v.hen, in spite of its damaged con-dition. they brought it back to their airdrome.

/Mrs. J. S. Abe rna thy, "Jest Pembroke t Maine."------~

Sec~nd Lieutenant Alan F. Winslow, A.S., 94th Aero Squadron. For extra-urdinary heroism in action i~ the Toul Sector on June 6, 1918. VYhile ona patrol consisti~ of himself and two other pilots, he encountered a bi-plane of the enemy at an al t i tude of four t.hou sand meters, near St. Mihiel,France. He promptly and vigorously a t tacked ani after running fight, ex-tending far beyond German lines, shot his foe do~n in flames near Thiaucourt.

Home address: W. H. \7inslow, 2628 Hampd.en Court, Chicago, IJ1,inois.

Lieutenant Thomas J. Ah,>crlitthy,A.S., 147th Aero squadron. For extra- ./ordinary heroism in action near Vourbin, Franco, July 15, 1918. Lieutenan~ .~Abernathy while on patrol duty, attacked an enarny plane at close range, fi~a hundred round sat a di stan ce off rom fif ty to two hundred yards. Hefollowed the German ship dovm and saw it fallout of control, and as he turnedhe found five enemy planes diving at him. \"lithouthesitation he took theoffensive and fired t~~ hundred rounds iuto the enemy ships at not morethan fifteen to ~lcnty yatds. He observed tracer bullets entering thebodies of the enemy aircraft but owir.g to the violence of the combat, hedid not r~ve time to observe Whether any of his forco were shot down. FightinCVigorously, he succeeded in dispersing the enemy ships and lnaking a safelandi~€ within his own lines, although his own engine and plane were almostshot to pieces.

Home address:

=---------------------------~~.-~- .._--

-4- os 863It has been reported by t~ Amorican Red Cross that Lieut. Alan F.

Winslow, is nOVl a prisoner of war in CampLazarett, Gern~. until thisrecent report, Lieutcn&1t ~insl~1 was be1ievvd missing in action sinceJuly 31st, aft~r a ~ight in the air northoast of Fere en Tardenois. Hisfa thor \V. H. Winslow, 0 s Chicago, rn,; has also been advisod by the RodCross in paris, that his son is a prisoner at Tier in Gern1any, whore he

, is doing nicoly, al though his left arm has boon amputated. Confirmationof Lieutenant Winslow's being a prisoner has also been received from

.his brother, Liout. paul S. Winslow, American Air Service, London.

**********Ir- FOR Il!iEDIJl.TERELEASE

The Commanderin Chief Arisricsn E~editionary Forces bas awardedthe distinguished service cross to tho follmving officers and soldiers

I for tho acts of extraordinary heroism described after their names: VSecond Lieutenant Earl W. Porter........ observer, Air Service. "For oxtr

ordinary heroism in action near Lassi~ France, August 9, 1918. Lieu-tenant Porter, with first Lieutenant Charles Ra:YtOOndBlake, Pilot, whileon a reconnai seance expedi tion at a low al ti tudo and beyond the enomy lino s ,was attacked by five Germanbattle planes. Although wounded at the be-Binning ot the combat, Lieutenant Porter shot down one of the enemymachines and by cool and courageous operation of his gun, while his pilotskillfUlly manlGKered the plane, fought off the others and made possiblea safe re turn to friendly terri to ry" •

Homeaddress~ Mrs. Amy Porter, 1008 Poplar Street, AtlantiC. Iowa.I - /

Second Lieutenant ~vi..d C. Beebe, pilot, Fiftieth Aero Squadron. "10\/extraordinary heroism in action near Saint Mihiel, France, Septembor 131918. Lieutenant Beebe. with Second Lieutenant Franklin B. Bellows,observer, executed a reconnaissance mission early in tho morning of thesecond. day of the saint Mihie1 offensive, in spite of clouds, high windand mist, flying at an altitude of only 300 motors and 'without protectionof accompanying battle planes. Although subjected to sovero tire from

I ground batterios they penetratod eight kilometers behind the German lines.Lieutenant Beebe's motor was badly damaged and his observer, LieutenantB'ellows, was mortally wounded. Despite these conditions he succoeded inbringing the disable-d machino safely to his lines."

Homeaddressl C. :D. Beebe, fatner, 622 '.James St., Syracu~e, N.Y.

Franklin D. Bell~ceased, observerPiftieth Aero Squadron. ForIxtraordinary he~n aetion near Saint ~Uhiel, France, September 13,1Lieutenant Bello\vs, with Second Lieutenant David C. Beebe, pilot. executed'a reconnaissance mission early in too morning of the socom dG\Vof thoSaint Mi.hiel offensive, in spite of low clouds, high wind and mist, flyingat an al ti tude of only 300 rooters and witheut. protection of accompanyingbattle planes. Although subjected to severe fire from ground batteries"they penetrated eight kilometers beyom the C~rmanlines. Lieutenant

•Beebe'8 motor was badly damaged and Lieutenant Bellows was mortallywounded am died just after tm disabled machfne landed safely in friendlyterritory."

Next of Kin: John A. Bellows, fatner, 1109 GreonwoodAvo., Wilmette, Ill.

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-4- OS 863It has been reported by t~ Amorican Red Cross that Lieut. Alan F.

Winslow, is nOVla prisoner of war in CampLazarett, Gorn~. Until thisrecent report, Lieutcn&1t ~insl~1 was believud mdssing in action sinceJuly 31st, aft~r a ~ight in the air northoast of Fere en Tardenois. Hisfather W. H. Winslow, of Chicago, Ill., has also beon advtaed by the RedCross in Paris, that his son is a prisoner at Tier in Gern~ny, whore lw

, is doing niculy, al though his left arm has been amputated. Confirmationof Lieutenant Winslow's being a prisoner has also been received from

.his brothor, Liout. Paul S. Winslow, American Air Service, London.

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FOR U!iEDIATERELEASE

The Commanderin Chief M[srican E;~editionary Forces has awardedthe distinguished service cross to tho following officers and soldiers

, for tho acts of oxtraordinary heroism described after their names: ;/

Second Lieutenant Earl W. Porter......... observer, Air Service. "For oxtrordinary heroism in action near Lassi~ France, August 9, 1918. Lieu-tenant Porter, with first Lieutenant Charles RaymondDlake, Pilot, whileon a reconnaissanca expedition at a low alti tudo and beyond the emmy Unes,was attacked by five Germanbattle planes. Although wounded at the be-

l Binning ot the combat, Lieutenant Porter shot down one of the enemy, machines and by cool and courageous operation of his sun, while his pilot, skillfUlly mantaKered t~e plane, fought off the others and made possible

a safe return to friendly terri to ry".Homeaddress~ Mrs. Amy Porter, 1008 Poplar Street, Atlantic. Iawa.

I . '

Second Lieutenant ~v41 C. Beebe, pilot, Fiftieth Aero Squadron. "\/'10extraordinary heroism in action near Saint Mihiel, France, Septelli)er 131918. Lieutenant Beebe, with Second Lieutenant Franklin B. Bellows,observer, executed a reconnaissance mission early in the morning of thesecond day of the saint Mihiel offensive, in spite of' clouds, high windand mist, flying at an altitude of only 300 meters and vn.thout protectionof accompanying battle planes. Although subjected to severe tiro fromground batterios they penetratod eight kilometors behind the German lines,Lieutenant Beebe's motor was badly damaged and his observer, LieutenantB'ellows, was mortally wounded. Despite these conditions he succeeded inbringing the disabl8"d machine safely to his lines."

Homeaddressl C. J). Beebe, father, 622'.Jamos st ,; Syracu~e, N.Y.

Franklin D. Bell~ceased, observerPift1eth Aero Squadron. ForIxtraordinary hel"01"siii1.naction near Saint Mihiel, France, September 13,1Lieutenant Bello\vs, with Second Lieutenant David C. Beebe, pilot, executed'a reconnaissance mission early in too morning 0 f the socom d~ of theSaint Mihiel Offensive, in spite of low clouds, high \Vim and mist, flyingat an al ti tude of only 300 IMters and without, protection of accompanyingbattle planes. Although subJected to severe fire from groum batteries,.they penetrated eight kilometers beyom the C-crmanlines. Lieutenant

'Beebe's motor was badly damaged and Lieutenant Bellows \vaB mortallywounded am died just after tm disabled machino landed safely in. friendlyterritory."

Next of Kin: John A. Bellows, fatoo r, 1109 GreonwoodAve., Wllmette, Ill.

•

-5- O.S.863Second Licut.enant n. ,)::.Decastra, Air Service, First Aero squadron, ./'

pilot. ~'For extrao rdd.nary horoism m action near saint ~tl.hlel, Fran¥September 12, 1918. Because of intense aerial activity on tho openingday of the Saint Mihiel offonsive, Lieutenant Decastro, 'pilot, and FirstLieutenant A. E. Est~rbrook, observer, volunteered to fly' over theenemy's linos on a photographic mission, ~~thout the usual protection ofaccompanying battle planes. Nothwithstanding the low hanging cloudS,which necessitated operation at an altitude of only four hundred metres,they penotrated four kilorreters beyond the German lines. Atta.cked by

- four enemy machines, they foU€;ht their foes, completed their photographicmission ani r eturned safely."

Homoaddress. firs. M. G. Decast~, mother, 601 East SeventeenthStreet, Brooklyn, NewYork. t/

First Lieutenant A. ~. Estl3rbrook. j.ir Service, observor, First Ae ;'"Squadron. "For extraordinary heroism in action near saint Mihiel, FranSoptember 12, 1918. Because of intense aerial activity on the opening dayof ~l1eSaint Mihiel offensive, Lieutenant Esterbrook, observer. and SecondLieutenant R. E. Decast ra , pilot, volunteered to fly over theenemyts linesorr a pho tographic mission, without the usual protection of accompanyingbattle planes. NotWithstanding the low hanging clouds, which necessitatedopera tf on at an al t i tude of only four hundred nn tros , they penetrated fourkilometres beyond the German lines. Attacked by four enemy machines,they foueht off their foes, comp1€ted their photographic mission, andreturned safely." Hormaddress: Major E. P. Esterbrook, Father, FortFlagler, Washington.

First Lieutenant William P~ir servtce , First Squadron.ext raord tnary heroism in action in t1iO Chateau-Thierry and Saint-Mihisalients, France. Lieutenant Erwin, with Second Lieutenant Byrne E.observer, by a long period of faithful and heroic operations set an in-spiring example of courage and devotion to duty to his entire squadron.Throughout che Chateau-Thierry actions in June and July, 1918, he fl8\vunder the \~rst weather conditions and successfully carried out his missionsin the face of heavy odds. In the Saint Mihiel sector September 12-15, 1918,'he repeated his previous courageous work. He flew as low as fifty feet fromthe ground behind the enemy's lines, . ~assing German troops v~th machineGun fire and subjecting himself to attack from ground batteries, machineguns and rifles. He twice drove off enemy planes which were attempting todestroy an American observation balloon. On September 12-13, he flew atextremely low al t i tudes and carried out infantry contac t patrols successfully.Again on September 12, he attacked a Gc~:n battery; forced ,the crew toabandon it, shot off his horse a German officer who was trying to escape,drove ,the cannoneers to their dugouts, and kept them there until the in- /fantry could come up am capture them." Homeaddress: William A. Erwin,fatter, 814 Fine Arts Building, Chicago, .111.

Lieu~TheOdore E. B~ Seventh Field Artillery, observer attached tothe Ei~,'hty-eighth Aero Squadron. "For, ntnordinary heroism in action nearConflans, France, September 14,19l8~_ This officer, being detailed for theprotection of a photographic mission v~th five other planes, proceeded on hismission when three of the escorting planes failed to join the formation.\1n1ile flying near Conflans, the fonna tion engaged in combat wi. th five enemypursuit planes. Wounded in both legs, the left foot and tho right elbow,he displayed exceptional tenacicy ar.d courage ~ continuing to fire his gunsuntil the enemy were put to flight."

Homeaddress: G. Boyd, Ashland City, Te~~essee.

First Lieut. Charles Raymo~Bl~...A'riat1on Section. "For extra- VordinaI7 heroism in. ac tion near Lass , France, August 9. 1918.Lieutenant Blake, wi th SecoDi Lieut. Earle W. Porter, observer~ While ona reconnaissance expadf tion at a low al t1tude far beyond the eneD\Vlineswas attacked by fi7e Gel"JDBD battle-planes. His observer was ,ovoUD1eltatthe beginning of the combat, but he maneuvered his plane so skillfullythat the observer was able to sboot down one of their adversaries. By!OOreskillful maneuvering he enabled his obsel'Ter to fight off the re-

, ma.ining planes and returned safely to friendly territory."Homeaddress: Mrs, Eileen W. Blake, grandmother, 17 Zmver se.,

Westerly, R. I. ~

Secom Lieut. Dogan H. pthur ......pilot. U.S~A.S., Twelfth Aero squadronV'"For extraordinary heroism in ac tion in the Saint Mihlel sall~nt, september12, 1918. Lieutenant Arthur and seccm Lioutenant HowardT. Fleeson, ob-server, executed a difficult mission of infantry contact patrol, withoutprotection of accompanying battle planes on tho first day of the SdntMihiel 0 ffensive. After being driven back twice by a patrol of nine eneD\Vplanes, they courageously nade a third attempt in the face of a thirdattack by the sane planes, found. the American lines, aJld after being shotdownbut falling uninjured in friendly terri tory, commmicated their valuableinfonnation to headquarters." .

Homeaddress: W. D. Arthur. father, 61 East Main St., union, SO. Carolina.

Orr,

IOb8e~

William H. Fleeson, brother, Sterling, Kansas.

Second Lieut. HowardT•..l.leeson, observer, S.C., Twelfth Aero squadronv"For cx tracrdf.nary heroism in action in the saint ~,!ihiel salient, September12, 1918. Lieutenant. Fleeson ani Second Lieut. DoganH. Arthur, pilot,executed a difficult mission of infantry contact ];atrol, without protect.Ionof accom)a.nying battle planes on the first day of the saint Mihiel offensive.After bei~ driven back twice by a patrol of nine enemyplanes, trey courage-ously made a third attempt in the face of a third attack by the same planes,found the American lines t and after bei~ shot dO\V1l,but falling uninjuredin friendly territory, communicated their valuable infol~tion to head-quarters."

Homeaddress:

First Lieut. Phil A. H~-U.S.A.S., Twelfth Aero Squadron"For extraordinary heroism m the Tau1 sector, France, August 28th

1918. V~ile on an unprotected reconnaissance mission with Lieut. Edwardpilot, he encountered a patrol of eight enemypursuit planes near theAmerican balloon lines, WhenLieutenant Orr attaclmd the planes whichhad 4ived at the American balloon, Li.eut.enant Henderson engaged the othereight enemy machines which were attackbg from too rear. In the violentbattle v.hich followed all nine of the enemywere driven off."

Homeaddress, A. G. Henderson, father, care U.S.Fish Hatchery,Kalama, Washington.

First Lieut. ~.~ .Orr,..daeeaeed, pilot U.S.A.S., '1':relfth Aero v.Squa.ciron. "For extraordinary ~1eroismin action in the Taul sector, FrancAUG~st28th, 1918. Lieutenant Orr, f1yi~ \nth Lieut. Phil A. HendorsonInfzntry, observer, on an unprotected rocolrnaissanco mission,encountereda patrol of eight enemy pursui t planos near the .Alterican balloon line.The pa tro I was sigh ted jus t as one of them dived on the balloon wi th theintention of destroying it. Without he*ltation Lieutenant Orr attackedthis plane and followed 1t to within fifty ne te rs , firing his single frontGun against the double guns wi th vlhich :he Gelmanplane was equrpped, Int~le rooantime, Lieutenant Henderson erg aged tho other eight planes, which

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O.S. 863-7-

***"'********An offic. 1 communication received confirms thG death of Lieut.

C. J. Ross, f the A. E. F. BalLoon Corps, E. H. ~oss, 302 Horth Franklinst., Tl 1.1 He, Pa , , Pa cher , Eye 'i;i tnesseso f the action in which he waskilled arrived by the s~re ste~nship as brought the communication. Fromthem it was learned that the AJ:1cricanballoons wero in use on a. specialmission on this occasion, vmich was a day of overcast skies. Suddenlyd1.:.ringan intonse bombardment by the American Artillery which was beingdirected by Lieutenant Ross, a Hun all' sCfLladronappeared out of a cloudbank, dived for the balloon carrjing this efficient observer and one ofthe planes reached it setting it on fire. .

Lieutenant Ross' companion had some trouble in getting out of thebaske t , thus involvinc a delay, and :he observer remained to see him safe-ly clear before he jmnped himself. His delay proved fatal since his para-chute in its slow flight was overtaken and ignited by burni16 wreckage fromthe balloon and he was killed instantly by the resulting fall.

,This is the first death in the Arr.erican balloon corps since it has beenon the line s , From the report it appear-s tha t the Huns were willing tosaorifice' a. squadron of p'Ianes to stop the devastating artillery fire,\'h1ich hinged on the work of the observer.

One of the new balloon fields that are now being established in theSouth will be nannd after Lieut. Ross, ollie first of the .American BalloonObservers to die in action. Lieutenant Ross was appointed from Penn-sylvania. He graduated from the Officers Training School at Fort Niagara,was transferred to the Be.l1oon Corps am". !lis balloon training was completedat the American Balloon School at Borde~uxt France.

attacked from tl:o rear. A,ftu:,.'c. vi oLc..t combat all tho enemy ~lanoswore driven 0 ff. On S()ptemb\~l'14th, Lioutonant Orr was accidentlykilled."

Next of kin: E. K. Orr, Fa choz-, ~~l Wood.la.\'/l1Avcnuo, Chicac;o, Illinois.

S6cond Liout. Byrre E. Daucom,~c., observor, First Aero Squadron."For eXi,raordinary }1ero1snrtn-actton in the Chateau Thierry <mel Saint IMihiel ,salients, Franco. Lieutenant ~ubom with Pi rst Lieut. William "- , ,P• .t,rwln, pilot, by a long pe:'ioc: 0 f fcd thful a:1d heroic operations set aninspiring example of C01.1,ra~;eand devotion to duty to hIS ent i re squadron.Throughout the ChateCl,u't'hierry acct ons 5,n June and July, 1918, he fIe ...'under the worst weatne r conditions and successfully carried out his missionsin t~:e face of hoavy odds. In the SaLt hiilliel sector, Septomber 12-16,1918, he repeated his previous courageous work. He new as 10\vas fiftyfeet from t'be ground behind t}-.e enemy's lines, harassing German troopswi th machine guns and rifles. He twi co drove off lme~r p.Ianes \",~ich wereattempting to destroy an ArrBrican obsorvation balloon. On september 12-13,:~e flew at oxtremely low e.l ti tudes and car-rie d out infantry contact yatrolssucco as tul Iy, Again on Scpt embcr- 12, he attacked a Germanbattc:'y, forcedthe crew to abandon i.t, shot 0ff his hor-se a German a fficcr who "las tryingto escape , drove ~~},ocannoneer-s to t:lcir dugouts and kcpt them there untilthe infantry could coree up and capture them."

Homeaddress: n-s, Edi t.h Elizabeth B:'::'UCOffi, mother, Hilford, TG:~s.

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-8- O.S. '::63

.hi Io te,ki'lg off t:or a pr"clic-.; ;'li 11t f'r or; Bolli:1f;' Field last:onday, Li eu tc ncn t R. F. ?:acki.;'s c.n,''ir.,; began mi s s i rr; and eventuallycu t ant. 0';/i:'l, toc;1C hiGh north wi nd ~)r0vc.ili.1G, ;'.:i1dthe fact that\.; was D.,: a v : --:1Low a l t i tudc , tho pilot was unable to seloct his landingj'~round, and, a t t cr Missing two trees, touched a th i r-d ':Iith one \'/i11£,' ',/hich,;ufficed to turn the plane ups idc down, in ':/hich pos i t Ion it crashed into aco t tage , 'i.' c ro rco 0 f the crash broke both pr ope Ll cr blades and bent ther/inc;s ill over the :usela..rro. T>D ::,ilot\'las unhurt.

:!anned by avfa t ion nfficcl:S. of :11e :;"1.:':.'1;;0Cor-ps ana the Navy, and'.:i~.h t''10 civilian ~.-;cch:c.:nicsaboard, the first of tho Navy's twin-mot.o r-:iirigi1les flow over ''-''as::j:'L;ton last Tu.:;sday morn ing at the comp.LetLon-,)f \'he first lap of appr-oxirna te Ly three hund rcd and fiftelJn miles, of afliGht fro~ Nrron, Ohio, to Rockaway, N.Y.

The big dirigible landed at the Anacostia aviation field for a freshsupply of' f'uoL, but resumed its flight at 1:17 P.H. The start was madefrOM ic]-::ronthe same morning at 1:10 A.Ii., Central 'l'ime, and the landing\7aS made at 11:10 Eastern Timo, a runn ing time of nine hours, approximatolyJ5 miles an hour.

T:;o flit.;1t over "!ashi,1gton was made at a low olevation ani as thoiiriei bI e f'Low over .he NOVI Navy building, then circled over the rn1i toHovse and T eas.rry , thou sam s had a close vio w 0 fit.

'l';~c f'oLl.owin., were the cro\'! on board: j',jajor B. L. Srni th, Harine~orps; Li,~ut. R. A. D. ?rllstoy:, U. S. u, R. F.; Lieut. (j.g.1 D. T. Hood,U. S. N. R. F.; Lieut. (j.g.) vi, L. Hamlin, U. S. II. R. F., and~!.Roulette and James Royal, civilian mechan i.c s ,

Referrin[ to General Pershing's recent requEi.t for more airplane amb:>.lloon observers, the Divi sian of :,:Uitary Aeronau tics announces toapplic~nts the qualifications necossa~r for this \~rk and what the supple-mentary course of instruc tion will be after the candidate has boen accepted.'rhe s ta tc.nen t folloVls:

1. The civilian applyil~ for trainir€ as aerial observer is sub-j('cted~o a rigid phys i cal examir-a ti on , Tho policy of the Air Servicehas been to accept only those inQivldu~ls who are free from physicaldefects t.nat might interfere \"/i th tj:oir efficiency in the air. Ob-servers are required to take the s~ physical eY~ination as pilots.In v icw cf his responsibili ties and thoso duties which bring him incontact wi c ': officers of tho lino, often of high rank, importance isalso attached to tho illtollectual and educational qualifications oftho applicant.

2. Tho applicant is first sent to a ground school wrare he receivesinstruc~ion on general military matters as is necessary to fit him tobe an officer of the Army. Formal close order and physical drill alsoform an important part of this stage of his training. In additiOn hecommences his work in wireless telegraphy, in the interpretation ofaerial photobraphs and on machine Guns. An offort is made at this timeto eliminate those not su it ed to the wo r-k in question and to givo thoseselec cod a grounding in tr.e subjects of their later advanced training.The ground school course will last about eight or nino weeks.

-9- 0.8. 963

3. After com!,letil~3' this work successf\1.lly, the student wlll g~to ono of tho Schools 0 f Fire; that of t1:e Field Artillery is atFort 5111, OklahoinB.,and that of the Coast Artillery is at FortressHonroe, Virginia. At these schools the rogt.'!.lar course for ArtilleryOfficers vnll be ~iven, oxcept that subjects not of use to observerswill be uliminatod. Each of these schools require knowledge ofmathematics. The course at Fortress Monroe is mora teclmical thanthat at fort Sill, as it deals vnth heavy guns, and an effort is madeto select for the Coast Artillery course those students Whohave hadadvanced mathematics. At each school the course is seven weeks.

4. The Students completing the Artillory course will go 1JDned1atelyto the Observers' Schools at Fort Sill or Langley Field. There theywill take up again the \70m on machine guns and COllTpletetheir train-ing in aerial photography, and wireless tolegraphy. Their first flight.are made at those schools; and before they leave thCD they are com-petent to execute any of the duties of an aerial observer, that is,reconnaissance, the. taki~ of aerial photographs, surveillance of htst1lezones, the observing. of artillery fire, ani infantry contact patrol work.This course will be about five weeks. .

5. To complete th3ir training and just before going overseas, stu-dents will be sent to Selfridge Field for a three weelal course in aerialgunnery. This includes firing at targets from the air, both stationaryand moving, targets on land, on water and. in the air, together withcombat work be tween aizpla:ne s wi th the so-called camera gaD to trainthe student so that in case of a Hun attack he is able to defend bothhimself and his pilot. The facilities at Solfridge P1eld aJe au4hand the ins truc tfon so a::.'ranged that this work is able to be finished inthree weeks.

6. No definite limit has been placed on the age of obserTen. JImhave bean trained successfully for this work Whohave been older thaDpilots but What is absolutely required, no matter what the age, isquick and accurate thinking, sount judgment, clear and forcible expre •• loDand truthfulness.

....."'.."'.......RATION FOR AMERICAN SOLDIERS ~ AS PRISONERS

A ration for AImrican soldiers held as ~risoners in Ge1'Dl8:Dl has beeDprepared by the Subsistence Division of the Quartermaster Corps. This ratioDwill be dis t,..i buted by the Divisions of the A.>mricanRod Cross in l)emJarkand S\7i. herland. Individual packages, containing sufficient food to supplyone man, are sent to prison camps each week. The chief components ot thepackage are as follows: Corn beer and salmon, (with an occasional sub- .sti tution of corn beGf hash and canned roast beef) hard dry bread, dry beans '~.rice, baked beans and fresh phGatoes (wmre possible). Prunes, jam, apples~peaches, COffee, sugar, evaporated milk, Vinegar, salt, pepper and picklesare supplied. Potatoos and onions are procured Whenpossible in Franceani Italy, otberwrse dehydrated phta.toes and onions are used.

Special food is sent for the invalid prisoners; this ration Oonta1niJgpotted chicken, crackers, concentrated soup, dehydrated spinach, creamedoatmeal, corn starch pudding, sweet chocolate, extract of beet, soluble~('ffee and bran. There are a nuni>er of substl tues for all the items

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0.8.-10-t1oned. -"8 tile aubaUtuII •• b.i"8 dri.d egg•• potted V8••1. ebe•••• 863/

&nut butter, dried apricots, honey, corn meal, platina, mal ted milker, bouillon cubes, apple8, oranges, lemms, cocoa ani tea •

..................

DIVIsrODL ~ LAUNDlUES

Seventeen divisional camp laundries, Which will taJm care of aU theJ,aundry requirements of an Army division, are nearlpg completion for theConservation' Reclamation Division of the Quartermaster Corps. Twent,y-sixmobile laundrJ units have alreq been shipped overseas and manufacturersare now making shipments at the rate of about four per week. Each mobile~aundry unit consists of a steam tractor, four trailers which carry laUJJ4ry'IIBchinery am equipoent, aDi one supply truck. The steam tractor hauls

~

laundry unit to the point where it operates and then furnishes steam andr for the four trailer,., which constitute the laundry. The arrangement

f the units permdts their ~is-aasemblement and movement to a new' location ..irty minutes after the laUl1d.rJ 08ases to operate. . ....

(................FLOUR CONSUMPTION BY AFJrt IN OCTOBER AND NOVEUBER

For consumption by tb:t Arrrry in OCtober am Noveni;)er, the SubsistenceDivision of the Quartermaster Corps has purchased 47,000,000 pounds or~39,796 barrels of flour. Seventeen million pounds are for domestic con-lumpt10n and thirty million pouml for tb:! tro6ps in France. The SubsistenceDivision has arranged with the Food Administration to ~ for flour by sight'1raft. This enable. millers to bid more freely for Government business an!helps the Army to buy flour at a low price.

MOre than 4~OOO,OOOgallons of syrup have been purcl~sed for the troopsPverseas by the Suba1steJK:e Division. Syrup, befUdes being used on hot cakesby the troops, is also used extensively in the sweetening of cakes and pies,thereby conserving sugar., OVer 100,000,000 cans of salmon -- one year's supply for the Arrrrt -have just been purchased, of Which more than 80% will be used by the over-leas forces. It is estiDated tl:at 16 ounces of salmon are equivalent toa:> ounCY of beef. Concentration of the product makes it particularly adapt-able to mobile and trench warfare. More than $1,000,000 worth of evaporatedmilk has just been purchased for the American Expeditionary Forces by the.Su~sistence Division. This quanti. ty is sufficient to supply the needs forlone month. ......•.... "'..

IR3IGNIA ADOPTED FOR MOTOR TRMSPORT CORPS

The insignia of the Motor Transport Corps has been adopted. It con-sists of a bronze wheel upon which is superimposed a Winged hat. The Wheelis symbolio of power, as its fUnction is to transmit or modify motion, andforms an essential part 0 f nearly every kind of rrechanfam or device. Theparticular form of v.neel chosen is, of course, tlE wheel of a motor vehicle.The winged hat is the classical, broad-brimned petasus, as worn by the Greekgod Hermes, Whowas not only the swift, sure m3ssenger of the gods but alsot:'e god of roads, For officers the vt1eel is silver tired, while the en-llPted men will wear the insignia of solid bronze and in the regulation),,,~~"'...4'",_

-11- 0.8. 863

The Corps has also been authoriEed to use a purple hat cord, the colorhaving been established by a general order. The hat cords will soon maketl~eir appearance t a1 though they are no t likoly ever to become commonon the

, streets of our cities. The ~~tor Transport Corps is essentially an over-leas organisation, am. men as well as officers BOOto France very soon afterfinishing their short but intensive training courses.

The need for trained motor roochanics and for drivers is very prossingand grows more so as the manufacturers speed up their produotion of trucks.Tho recently organiEed schools of the Corps are filling up rapidly and moreschools are to be opened soon. Drivers are graduated in three weeks, those, .\1 making the highest averages being rated as "P1rst Drivers" and the others as

'''Assistants''. The former are rm.de oorporals on their assig:mnent to aotiveI: cluty. Skilled IOOchanics for the Repair and Reconstmction parks reoeive: longer courses of training, and if possossed or executive ability as well asI . mechanical skill are usually made sergeants.

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"'4'

• ,,~~ flEP AR'lYENTAi ~ Service

Division ot M~litary Aeronautic8~adnington. D. C.

05891

"'t""" •. -."', ' "!l):I!

YWEEKLY NEWS LETtER - WEEK ENDING NOV~f.BER 2, 1918

Knocked down by a heavy wind stonn 8000 feet over Big Cypres8, torcedto land in the Everglades of Florida, and rescued from exhaustion and .t~onby Sflninole Indians. are a tew of the experiences of an air pilot trta1 Car18tramF1eld. Later these san.e &eminole Indians, whose primitive fastness was invadedby this modern eliminator ot ttme,and space, helped to pull the plane out ot theSW!IIlpln which it wae buried, bro spare parts for it in their "glade boats"

,and then helped the pilot to 3et is plane into the air aguin.

,

Lieut'lwaant&111th, the photographic detachment, was the pilot ln.this adventure. He ha ertaken the work ot photographing a shorter line ot

flight over the Everglades to Fort Meyer8, and was on a flight With his c.mera~t the time. He had reached an altitude ot 7000 teet above the great ... pwhen he observed a stann approaching fram the South and had changed his'courseto the southwest in an effort to get around it. Then finding this ~po ••ible,he had veered to the west and attempted to climb aboft it. At eooo t.et, how-ever. he encountered a terrific wind tram the north which made the ship almostunmanageable, tossing it fir8t on One Wing and then on the other in a Yerticalposition and twice puttin~ the ship alm08t completely on its back. Nevertheless,he kept on to the south 1Vith'the sight ot land obliterated by the stOnD underhir.l.

In his report, Lieutenant smith told ~t his adYenture aa follows:o

"The motor at this point cut out twice and I had to )Molt the planein a nose dive to ciear itself, which it did, SUddenly the ship broke throughthe clouds and I saw the cypress sw_ps iaDediately below ae. As the .0tGrwas still ~1ving trouble and there was .nothing to it' but a toroed landing,I headed tor the East coast, knowing that there ware .hallow water spote inthese di striats where a laming could be eff.ectedwith cClIIIpara:tiye eatet, uagainst dro~p~ng into Big Cypress.

."So the flight was continued south along the cCIDparatively ahallowand open places tringing the Big Cypress. and gradually turning east till thegas gave out. Landing was made 48 miles wen of Miami and in a Une due t

,01 the Tampa-Miami Trail Canal. There were no dry spots to land on, the.hip turned over on its back. Sergeant O'Connor, my passenger, cut h$lplipeand bruised his body and both right and lett shins. 1 sufhred only &'1fu18edbody. Realizing that nothing could be done wt.th the .hip and that it wd Sa-POssible to right it and take-oil at this place, we .tarted walUng in a north-easterly direction.

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'-'\!,;I

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"Rt.~,<...f r: .. • •

"The terri tory in which this landing was made is known a8 the EYer-,gLides. Its ssmenees is a~ost appalling. just one small cypress hummock afteranother; water and muck everywhere, innumerable mosquitoes, alligator., water'occasins and black snakes , Her e and there a h\lJlllockwould be found with a~ock base and on same of these rock bases Seminole Indiana eke out an existence.Atter landing, we walked to one of these hummocks. and as it was getting 4ar~,collected a small amount of dry wood and built a fire, endeavoring to keepthe ~o8quitoes ofr and dry our clothing, which could not be removed on accountor the mosquitoos which attacked uS in hordes. But we could 1'indno IDdi&l1s.~!eanwhile. we had drunk no water for fear it might be in~ecte~ with me.lar1a"germs or sOllIeother swamp fenr. nor had any food be. found. Alter pae.~' """;~)'JIliserablenight, we started a 11ttl. before day break to drill throup ." ,:0.. deep muck and continued in a northeasterly direction all da,. n.ftti.nl ;'1<,10 suitable hl.lll!lock,11116 were cCll1pelledto spend the night agaiD in the "'P. ~i,"-, l.'~;{~~1s tim'! on ground covered with an inch or more of water. By thi,f't1me we ' .were 30 nearly exhausted that ,.,etook a chance on the water, b\lt 4\11 t~'lnck ,~'O, 'ood we were rapidly approaching starvation.~~.l.

-2- 08891

"Th e next rccrru ng we r':'fll.tJled our way.:.hrough tilO muck again, start-ing before dL'ylight and at ten tLlTty P. .• il. sighted a flag flying over ahummock not f~r off. ~e found tnis camp inhabl~ed by Seminole Indians. Bysi;;;n language we succeeded in conveyi.ng to the Indians our need of foodand dter our meal managed t a make til em und erstand that we wi shed to reachMiemi • They provided a "glade brat" which i:; made of one large cypress tree. trunk hollo\'red out and pr op e l Led by a pole BOOlefifteen feet long with a Vshupec foot on one end of it. After being poled through a ~erfect maze ofwat8r ways, we reached the dredge at the end of the Tampa-Uiami Trail, wherewe were given food ~nd a good bed ~d could w<Jh the muck and dirt from ourclotLing and bodies. 'I'he next day a motor boat took us down the canal anefurt::er aLcng we hired a :<,ord whi cn took us to the flying field in ~';iami,arri v-inl!, t)-.crc at noon Sunday."

--

From Ui<:JIlian attempt was made to se Lvage the ship by means of acaterpillar tractor which was carried to tte edge of the Everglades on acand bo., t, b-.it the equinoctial stonns setting in put the whole swamp landsunder water and this dttempt had to be abandoned in favor of an expeditionin ",~lade bo at s" furnished by tr.e Seminoles. In this manner a nunber of menwith food ~nd [dS for the engine, together with spare parts, were tak$n intothe svamp and .after four days travel, reachea a point a few mi Les from theship wher-e a b<.:>e camp was established. r::ventually a more secure rock base'N'lS located within three miles of the aa rp l ane and after choppa ng a t1"ackttrough the swcmp the sal.vage par-ty , by means of planks ana cables, moved theairplane to tt.e rock base. The motor, I~oV1ejElr, could not be turned over, duetv its submersion in the we t.e r for tr.ree weeks , Indian "glade boats" w;.;reagain cispatched to 'iard for en.;ine parts, together with a "trouble .shooter"

i trOD t;,e nearest flyin;:; field. Upon the arrival of the mechanic and his.. tools the met or- was finally started and with tr,e engine roaring and the. propeller droninG a nevr tune to the startled Seminoles, the ship took the air

1. once more. In a ccmp-:.rati vely few r-Lnut es it Wo.S landed at the Marine Field,, uiarni for gas, cverhau It ng and repairs.;!

The Cbief of Staft has announced that tne ~roouremect bf commissionedofficers fran civi 1 li fe will r.ereatter be under charge of the PersonnelD~vision of the Gene r-aL Staff, which Division ':Iill decide to what branch oft~e Service the accepted a~plican~s 7i11 be &ssigned.

The custcrn heretofore ha~ been for e8ch of the special branches to~ select its p er sonne l from a!)~)licants tor those br anch es , n,e new system'r: will t ak e effect ;'io\'t>r..~er 18'(, 191'6, af t.er wl-.ich date the br-anch of Service

to which Rny vo Iur.t ocr- a s to be as si gued >'-ill not be cet ern.Lned by r.imself.

Recently. t;.", Ba Ll oon Corps r e ce i ved auttori ty to ancuc t ci vil~Sof dr af t age, both as of ricars and as enl i s ted men. !vl6n 0 t' superior educationur e 1!nnt~d as observers and as l!!t'noeuvering of f i cer-e , A great variety ofskillad tr~doumen are ~antod to milintuin the balloons, telephones, uuto-mobiles • o't.c , , "'lAich pertain to t!,is interestinG work.

Ap;Jlicants for this service should file tneir requests immediatelyin order to Jet the benefit of tl.e VJ1UIlteer feature.

Hectui tin~ Offices of t.ne ':.\5.11oon S'3rvice '..rp. as follows:

Poston, ~~ss.- 739 Bo;lston st.C~nal Zone - Fort Sherman

... Chicago, III ,- 230 E::u:it Ohio St.tl:1.Uns, '.:'eXdS - C!ir.lPDi ckFort ')i 11, ')"la.- fo..!t ::'i old .~,;e'...: York i~itv -. lQ4 'i"O'''' :~t

~ /.-_ .J LAo". 1 \"., .»Coilmbia. S. r. - Cam J~~k~onY.lpr..,nk I L J j' 1 _ "':.C" Uo- (011~ •.• t • • • '.J'.'l :.' ... '"' .

.. Li"tle Rock , Arh.-Go;),11- .'iJ:Cl.

;,tlantn I Go. .-Georgia School of Technolo~1,05 h.1r,eles, Cd., ~~arsh strong Bids'Yin~ea~olis. Vinn - Univ. of Minnesota.res l'oines, Iowa - Camp Dodge.st. Louis, ~o.- 525 So. Euclid Ave ••San Francisco. CaLv- 55 Uev,' l:ontGomery 5t.San "n1lomo, 'I'ox ,» Fort Sam "Hous ton , . «>,

UasLi:r r ..:ton, n. C.-BldG,.D, 6th & 1~issouri ;,ve.

OS891-3-

Durinp; -~)~e p i zt fiftl"'en mo.rtno the nme~ican lalloon Corps in Francehas d eve Loped c. L,;-;A nurr.ber of shl~ed ba Ll.ooru s t s and from now on will be.ble to furnish oXI.enel1cecl ."'!en f~'om the f'r-o rrt to serve as a ns t.ruc tcr s ; forthis r'e.i scn tLP. nrItlt-,; LJOVE:PU,lent be Li eve s t.n e time:,<J.s come for trn s govern-ment to relinquloh 1ts claims on tr.e se men whom tr.ey need a n their cwn service.

, Vuj 01' J. Ru'th er f or-d Panna), Gnptr.dn R. M. f'•• Edlundh, catltain RobertWann, end Flight ::)ergeant I:. v . Hill of the Royal Flyi..g Cor~s, who have been~n the Uni ted States e ever-a i mont.i.s aru ti e.i.ang a sy.rt.em 01' instruction for theBalloon Corps and in procurin; and s't andar-d i zLnj material, have reported to th&Division of f.:ilitary M"!"onautiC6 from ba.I l oon fields in various parts of thecountry pri or to returning to their st.ttions over seas.

The War Department authorizes the following statement from the Officeof the Surgebn General:

Vaccination against pneumonia is now available for every Officer, en...listed men and employees of the ",my in the United States. Instructions toadmi~ister the vaccine to volunteers have just been sent to all Army c~ps andposts and at all poi n t.s wnar-e men are sub j ect to military rule.

It is be Laeved by ~:edical Of f ac er-s tlat if the soldiers will availthemselves of the ouportunity to be vaccinated against pneumonia, the number ofcases of pneumorn a per thousand 'Nill be fur less this winter than it was lastyear. Their confIdence IS the result of long observation and many tests ofthe effect of the vaccine. One of the most sever tests was the administeringof the va cci ne to 12,OuO volunteers at one of the xrmy Camps. During. the follow-ing ten '."oeks unti 1 these troops went overseas although pneuncma due to thetypes ,;:ucrded r.gaa nat among t.h e unvaccinated men at the Camp was slightly moreprevalent tl.an formerly, among the 12,000 volunteers not a single case of thediseaLe due to these germs developed.

.eno nr; the medical disease which the I1m-IY has at present to combat2,neumoni8. stand s out beyond all others. During the past two years it hascaused more :leatllS than any other diseuse.

?ornerly typhoid w~s the disease ~ost dreaded by medical officers.This very fact i3 Itself a triumph of ~reventive medicine for it means thatthe disease wu i ch had formerly been the scourge of annies is today so completelyunder COl! trol ClS to be negligi ble as a source of sick rate and death. Thisaccomplishm8nt is the result of the prophylactic vaccination develo~ed by theAnny against. typhoid fever. It-'as but nut.ur aL, tt-leref6re, that in approachingthe most s er-i ous rernaa nang disease, the s ene line of a t.t ack should be considered.

I J1.t the sU;;bestion of the Surbecm eneral of the i\rmy the RockefellerHosp; tal prepared for the »rmy a vaccin ontaining the three most important

;gern.s compLetc Ly identified as cauea ta ge of pneumonia in this country. This istIle vaccine Given to the 12,(;00 vo Iunt.e er-a with such satisfactory results.

It ;,ad already been demonstrated by Dr. Rufus Cole and his associatesof the Rockdeller Hospital that pneuinorn a , like typhoid fever, is due not toone {~erm alone but to anyone of several definite types. 'I'n e s e workers haddefined ti.e three most f r equa.rt and most dan.rer ous 0 ese types in thiscountry.

LIster in South nfrlca y in 1914 determined the mo~dangerous causat i ve 138ms 0 f pneumonia' that region and undertook preventivevac cination a~r;inst the3e among the hiGhly suac ept.Lb Le anc omi.n g ruiners. Thesuccess of this ne thcd ':'a~ Lmm ed i a't e and strikiag. In the four years that hehas employed this pr ocedur e more than 10U,OOOminers have been vc:.ccinated .:..gainstthese gems ',Ti th the result that the highly fatal and e' ~c pneumonia soprevalent among these mi ne r s previously has been en.... ely eliminated among thevaccinated indivLduals.

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-4- 05891

1'}oa use vi t.ru s VdCC1.ne on un ext en s.i ve scu.Le for u.e entire Armywas rendered pr-ac t i cao Ie , as the r ecul t of a modification of its fonn bythe of r i cer s of the ""my ~{edic,~l School in washington. The new vaccine asthey Llodified it can be ~iven in a sin~le injection, instead of requiringthree a n j cc t i ons a s fonnerly.

tor the iurtner i~vestigntion and oontrol of pneumonia in theA.nny a special bour-d VIa:, appoi.rrt ed by the Secretary of Vlar consisting or'Colonel D. G. hOWard. Colouel F. F. Russell. Colonel V. C. ¥!l.ughan, ColbnelW. H. Welch and Dr. Rufus Gole. Under the direction ot this bOard, furtherinvesti ':;<.l.tions have b e en :::onducted with this new vacci ne against pnet.ll1onia.and these .inve st i.ga t.Lons established ita value.

The vaccine is for administration to healthy volunteers to prevent, the development of certui~ types of pneumonia. It is not intended tor

truatment after pne~onia hud developed. It is in no sense n cure for, pnetmcn i a ,

The present epidemic of so-c&lled influenza had nothing to do withthe develDpment of this vaccine, which waG inte~ded to combat the ordinaryty~o of pneumonia. How effective it may prove in preventing the pneumo~aprone to complicate the present epider.lic disease remains t!> be determined.

Four thous~nd miles in the air in a zigzag course fram the Gulf tothe JrCJat Lukes. ie t ne distance trtivelled by an Amy fly,r frOOl E~linitoQfField ne ar- Hous t on , 'l'exc,s , to Mt'• ..QJ.:emens.. Eichigan, and return. Total .hcur s of actual i lic;ht 'NU::; s i.x t y-s f our-, Nine day s elapsed from the time heleft ,SllioGton Field unt i L nis return. r.ieutenant John E. Davis was thepi lot and he made the trip alone without mecharn c and without changing planeor mot~r. he carr:ted an extra gasoline tank in his plane. making the totalcapQci~y f:tfty gallons.

sturting Friday afternoQn at 1:00 o'clock, Lt.Davis made forthe nigLt. 'FJ"QIJI b8'6 held, Dallas. he flew to l~amphis. ennes s ee by way 01Texarkana ann Little Rock, spending t. ne m gr. t at ;.iem._,his. Su,1day night at V8:00 Ij'clock he marie Lno i anapo Las by f 011o'.',in(; the !,'iiS3issiiJpi !Wrth toSt. Lo ua s and s"rin,:;in6 ECistOY ,'~ay 01 Sr>rinj>;field and Rantoul, Illinois,_ He .Le ':l3.5 forced to take the gr ounr' in the dark ...Iithout landing lights. Thenext morru.ng to e f lew to Cincin.lp..t .i and the cay followil1b to !:t. Clemens,Michigar.. by \'''J..'j' of ui~ytO.,.

On his r etur-n tri~ 11e enc ountcr-ed a he avy ctOIm OV':lr the ~~issi6SippiValley. The errt r i.e s an his Lo; at 1,:1is point r e ad as iollov:s:

"I cl~mbor:':'o h.ve thousand feet and f s.e» over t.r.e s t orm for twohOUTS. J~t t r.e end of 'tl;is time I 11.,--,ured vnat I ...r as nearingLi tt"lc ROCK and d es cend ed into the s t orm clouds to cr.e ck my course.1 no sooner enter~rl the cLouds at 4500 I eet than my compass startedac ti n.; p cc u Li arLy , : y shi:? was ouf f et ed ar-ound and I cOOlpletelyLo s t control. I cut my .r un a.id '.'latched my aI t.irne t.e r and noted thatI WhS fal~i~g at ~ h~~h rate ~!speed. My controls were absolutelyc se Les s , so I left tn em ..Lo ne , awaa tint; in r-eud i ne s s to rightmys e Lf upo n U.lerp{l.j from the c Loud s , 1 f:tnui..ly came through theclouds .in ,t steep nO~H;o i ve ano side slip c:.t an i.11titude of 300 feet.I ri.;Lttld rny s eLf ,.nd Lo oxe o for :1 Lind i.ng place. b oc ause I fearedthat t11G r aa n vcur.d S1.UP mi- mot.or , ':'td u.iab Le to find any place.to 1. nd the cour.try oei nr: cover-ed \'I:" th for. 3st. 1 !' levr along at30v feet for some ti r :e .nJ found t.hu t 1 nac co ver ad only I.aU oft"e d i et.anc e I r.houLd hav e by tna e time. i climbed carefully throught ne CLouds to 5vl-O feet Ldd ,KLS38Q the ...t.orm a n about one and one-r.a Lf r.o ur s . rI.!'rlved ;<.b.ortro Fiold v.r.. From t.n er e I proceeded toTexar-kana ave:' 1,1.e ~loud S uf';nin bo eauae Uey were very low. Arri: vedthure at 5:00 P~'. L~ft for n~llas tte next ~ay u~~inst stitf wind.Lef t L~,:lla:J ~)'.l!1duyrnor-n.in.; !::Ju, ,~rrivi;:;; at IllinF,tol'l at 1:00 P.l.:.

05891-5-

The insignia of the 'fotor Transport Corps haa been adopted. Itconsists of a bronze wheel upon ~hich is auperimposed a winged hat. Thewheel is symbolic of power, as its function is to transiDit or modify'motion,and forms an eas en tdal,part of nearly every kind of mechanism or deVice.The particular form of wheel chosen is. of course, the wheel ot a mowrvehicle. The winged hat is the classical, broad-brimmed Petasus, &S WOrDby tte Greek god 'Henmes, who was not only the swift, sure messenger 01the gods but also the god of roads. For officers the wheel i8 silver tired,whi le the enlisted men will '{learthe insi&nia of- solid bronze and in the .re~ulation button form.

The Corps hus also been authorized to uae a purple hat cord, the"color having been established by 0. general order. The hat cords will 800nmake their appearance, although they are not likely ever to became cammonon the streets of our cities. The Motor Transport Corps is essentially anoverseas organization, and men as well as officers go to France very soonafter finishing their short but intensive training courses.

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Special menti on was made as follows:liLt. G. A. Vaughn, while on offensive patrol, was engaged byabout fifteen enpmy airplanes, one of which, which was attackinga flight of ou~ machines, he dived on ~nd shot down in flames. Hethen attacked ano tner-, whi ch ne f oLl ovred oO'lm to 2000 feet. Thiseneoy aa rplane wac seen to crash by another pi lot."

The distinguished flying cross was awarded to • ~Lt. G.A. Vaughn, GeorJe A. Vaugh~, Father, 441 ~ington ~ve.,Brooklyn, ~:. Y.Lt. T.J. Herbert, John T. Berbert, Father, 1644 East 86th St.,Cleveland, Ohio.Lt. ti.L. Campbell, Cha r-LesL. Campbell, father,'~:'lakeman,Ohio.Lt. L.A. Hamilton, 4~ Bartlett, Ave., Pittsfield, Mass.U. J .A. Keatin,;, 5748 p.eoria st., Chicago, Ill. Mrs. James .h.

Keat.inG. ~'!ife,2232 \"vestlO~th 5t., Chicago, Ill.Enemy airplanes were brought down by ~

r.t. H.C. Knutts, t:dward c , Knotts, Father, Carlinville, Ill.Lt. ~.L. Bair, ill vest lilth st., Ne~ Yor~, N. Y.Lt. ',Lr,~.Lauer, ("Jillard W. Lauer, Mrs. w.J. Lauer, 3422'ParkView Ave., Pittsburg, Pu.)Lt. F.E. Luff, E.J. Luff, Father, 3046 Lincoln Blvd., ClevelandHeights, O.Lt. T.L. t'oore, 617 Chestnut sv., Ke,.,unee,Ill.Lt. J.O. Creech, 6614 Harlan Pluca, Takoma Par~, Wushington, D.C.Lt. 'OT. Clements ,Gloucester, Va.Lt. F. E. Kindley, Uther Callahan, cousin, Gravette, Ark.2d Lt. H. Burdick, 174 Rensen st •• Brooklyn, N.Y.Lt. E. W. S~rine8, Leroy S~rings, Father, Lancaster, Po.,Lt. G.D. ':,ricks,!.~rE:.Lucie C, '?icks, ~r.other,Sanquoit, N. Y.

A hostile balloon was brOUGht down by l/2d Lt. iLF ~ Diamond I l'rs.Emmu J••/:"dams,~llltimore & Rose st.s., l~obile,

Ala"

Eleven enemy airplanes and one hostile brought down D1American aviators brigaaed ~~~~~~~~~~~ng the period from September 9to September 22, inclusive, and five American aviators were awarded the'British distinguiShed flying c~oss, according to the latest Royal FlyingCorps communiques just received here.

The need for trained motor mechanics and for drivers is verypressing and 6r~N8 more eo as the manufactureDs speed up their productionof trucks. Tne recently organized SChools of the Corps are filling uPrapidly and'more schools are to be opened soon. Drivers are graduated inthree weeks, those making the hi~est averages being rated as "First!)river-a' and the others as IIAssi stants".. The former are made corporals ontheir as~ignm~nt to active duty. Skilled mechanics for tn6 Repair andReconstruction Parks receive longer courses of training, and if possessedof executive ability as well as mechanical still are usually made ants.

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05891

F~r the we~ ended uctober 25, there were received in the United~tates f 1"001 tl.e 11I(,~ric....nZX.,edl.tionary Forces l85~ sick and wounded men. 'l1liII,rings the total number lanrled in ttis country during the month ot Octo~r.upto 4339. All ttese men have boen S~1t to J~y hospitals where facilities for

. heir physical reconstruction {la.vebeen provided.

According to an anno1xncement made by Major General wm. L. Kenly today,• the Aviation Field at the Artillery Bri5ade firing center, located at Camp

nox, stithton, Ker,tucky, has been named Godman Field. The field is namedn honor of First Lieutenant Louis K. Godman, an ArmY Corps pilot of the Air

Service, who was killed in an airplane accident at Camp Jackson, columbia,South Carolina, September 28, 1918.

All the planes on ~~is flig;.t ware of tt.e Curtis IN-4D training type.a>roximately 3,000 6allons of basoline were consumed on the flight franverside to El Segulldo and return. rille ships returned in fonnations of la,

.veral or the units retarning to ~arch Field by more distant routes aftersiting numerous Southern California towns ~1d cities in tt.e interest of theberty Loan.

This ~s believed to be ~ record never before equalled in any of thefields in tl,e Uni ted 5tate~;. It was not a speca e.L performance with a

umber of picked planes und pilots but iTt.:> a wbolesale turn-out of the school.he total miled,;e of tUs trip Vias over 16,OOO,w1:ich, v:ithout a fatality.or

the Less of'a ship, made ti.e r>srformallceavery remarkable one.

One hundred and tl.ree airplanes from 1.!archField, Riverside,Californi~ made a flight of 160 miles in battle formation on October 12out a single accident. This lar5e squadron bombed Los Angeles with Lioerty

an Literature.

With raj or john CoP.. Bartholf, L!' ,ft" COInr.'andin5Of hcer of liarchField, flyin6 at the .,eak, ~ldJor .srnest Clw-it on the ribla win6, and Capt •

• 11.1denSmith, Jr., on the left winb, tm.S gi~antic formation taxied of f,, circled the cou~se, assembled in ten separate ~nri distinct units and finally

eaded in one solid formation for Los Angeles, 60 miles distant. The 103lanes got into the air in six minutes. The course followed the Foothilloulevard, the pLan es maintaining an apsroxfmat.e altitude of from 3.000 to

I!'OOO feet. Landing wus made at El Segundo just 78 minutes after leavingrarch Field.:'. The Arcadia Balloon School was advised by wireless of the approaching~qUadrOn and two ships were sent out to escort the formation over the city. A.f~ealistic battle-front feature of th~ fligbt was accomplished when the ai~;fleet passed over the balloon Gchool, soven huge observation balloons havin6(

been in the air at the time. 'ite planes at this point wer-e traveling atabout the level of the l!OUlltnilson Obsur-vator-y,

VThile thousands of persona cr-aned their necks to get u gl1.mpse of this'ltmerican air armada , t.l.ep Lanen suddenly S'rept down from the mountain p eaks ,Ilivin~ Los Angeles a rc.d ist.i c imitation of a real air raid. Bombs were dropped~nd fro!:!them fell leaflets s~yin~; "Wi,at if woo were Germans! Buy Liberty\ponds...,

t . Accampanying the air fleet VIas a hospital plane wi'th Capt. Bannister,light surgeOn,as the pa~senger, Still another plane, carried an officialhotograpl:er. "oving pictures of the entire trip were taken both from theround and enroute. The films are to.be sent to i"adhington.

-7- 05891

Previous to tru s tlle li.lr:jes"tnumb er oi -.)lanesvisiting an i.merico.n,city was tie, when in 'f orrnata ori under tr,o command ~i Lieut. (;01. C. K. Rhinehardt,J .H.;..., ':Jernbersof tne F'i.r st. frovisional 'f:ing,of the American Air Service flewover ;'ew York ':;1ty. In t!:e !:arch :~ield squadron, half of the pilotspartic~Lpatd ng in this journey were cadet s , IJilots intrainini.,;, while tile remainingpilots, other thcm uru t leaders, were for the most, part flying officers who ..)have been c cennassa cned at this fiold since July..___

~'lithbut one' exception, all of the planes to leave Hirch Field re-turned on scheduled time, tnis faRt in J.tself being a record, the entire tripbein~ devoid of accidents. Lieut. Ralph watson was reqaired to make a forced (La nd i;.'L~ in the outskirts of Los Ange l.eswhen his motor II froze" in the air.Fe landed in a field at Sixtietl. and Budlong streets without demage ,

On October 15, Chauffeur R. D. Bottr' he 145th Air Squadron,jUl:lpedsuccessfUlly 111ith a parachute frOOl an airplane at K~ ~Antonio, Texas. The airplane w~s at an altitude of 4,800 feet, nearly amile hi6h, when the j iznpwas made. There was a strong wind blOWing frcxn the~orth 0utChauffeur Bottriell judbed his distances ni~ely and landed safelYIin tc,emai.n Land i ng field. The pi .Lotof the airplane stalled the machineslightly just before the jump was made, bankinb to the ri.;ht 50 as to 6etthe tail out of the way of the parachute when Bottriell jWJpeo over the side.A lar~e d!lerican flab, attached to th~ parachute during the drop, was flyingdura n.; the descerrt,

Standard cloths for officers' uniforms h~been adopted by the ~rmyaccordin; to beneral orders recently issued. nll unifo~B for officers rr.adeinthe United states after !:lecember1, 1918, 'vill be of one of the following pre.-scribed standards: For coats, breeches and over coats, - 12-ounce worsted

._ serge , 16-ounce ':Torste~ ser~;e, l6-ounce whipcord, 21-our.ce whipcord orelastique and 20-ounce melton. For ridin~ breeches, -23-ounce Bedford cord,and for overcoats 32-ounce melton or kersey. For coct and breeche8, sUmmerwear in the United states and in Tropics only: ol~ve drab cotton, 13-ounceall-wool worsted babardine.

The ~uartennuster Corps will, after December 1, lS18. cArry asuvply of these cloths ~ld officers can purchase their person~l requirementsat the Government prices. bQffiplesof the cloths, with the issue prices, will

-be kept on hand by a Ll, camp, cant onment and post quartermasters, where they maybe examined by the offic~rs. Stocks wil~ be carrJ.ed at ~~e be6inning at ~hefollowing depots only: New York, ':rashin~ton, .vt Larrta, Ft. Sam Houston (Sanxnt ont o, Tex. ) San Francisco, Cb i.ca.;o, and st. Louis, but this list will beextended from time to time as cloth becomes available. The ~uartennasterGeneral is to determine by thoro_gh investigation as schedule of fair pricesfor making uniforms, including all necessary trimmings. linings" etc., butnot inclUding the clotts and is to prepare a list of responsible tailors whowill agree to make unifonns for officers 'at the schedule rates. The Quarter-master General .,ill guarant.ee to the tailors the collection 0 f bills for allu~ifor:ms ordered through his representatives. The schedule of prices, thelist of tailors agreeing to m<.l~e uniforms at these ~rices and the regulationsgoverninJ the sale to officers of the standard cloths, placinb ot orders, thea.cceptance ofunifort:JS ordered and the !)ayment of bills will then be publiShedto the service. •

The Quarternaster Corps is also instructed to arrange to supply from,.tock, at cost, made up (ready-to wear) officers' uniforms. These are to be~ provided in only two types of cloth for coats and breeches, l2-ounce wore ed"ser~e and 20-ounce melton wi-th 32-ounce melton for over coats.

-9- 05891

buildi111;s of tho St<.~te School for the Deaf to tile liovernment as a contributionof t ..o ~it&.io. Only minor ctlterationa I':ill be nec66sury to fit the buildingsfor their new use. Bods for 1500 sold~erD aro provided by this 6ift. Throughth'e action of the T',ourd of ji~ducation, the ~;ast En~ J-:igh School with its many

, fine buildinc;s located at t;yde Park. Cincinnati. Vli18 secur-ed •. The workshopsand ot;.er speciul teacha n.; rooms "Till provide splendid acccB1odat!ons torroconstructin(; wounded men. Extensive alterf~tions costin,~ about tloo,ooO~ill have to be made to convert the clasB rooms into wards and adapt otherro oms and buildings to hoapi tal l,urposes. ,...bo'Jt 2000 men will be treatedat thin hospital.

It is expected that ilorth Brothers' Isltnd in lievi York Harbor willbe completely taken over for hospital purposes. It is planned to treat 1500men there.

The completely appointed hospital built by henry rord at Detroitwh:lch has a capacity of 2000 bods has been turned over by ~r.r. Ford, renttree, to the Government for so 104'1;; as it she.ll be needed. This hospitalhas just been completed and is regarded as amon.; the f.Jost cClnplete in thecountry. It was built for the accommodation of enployees of the Fordt' actories • Only very minor al tern.tions -:rill be necensary to fit it up asa general ~rmy hospital.

The nine ~uildin~s loc~ted in Exposition Park at Rochester. N.Y.which are used for eX,-,osition purposes were cccept ed by the Government rentfree f07" hosp:l.tal purposes. It will be necessary to cpend (r175.000 to makethe neceaeary alterations to equip the buildings for hospital purposes.

, IThe Norfolk. MasG•• state hos~ital, ~hich was recently built for the

cure of drug addicts and wr.ich has u.ccormnodations for 70U beds. was turnedover rent free by tl~e state oi nissachusetts to tho Government for use as a. "hospital. The bUildin;:;s Ilave been ~li ttle used. the nunbe r of patients -havingdecreased gradually since our entrance into the war , The large armory in~oston has been rented for hos;Jital purposes and alter alterations, whichwill cost about ~(60,OOO, \"Iill be reE!.d~'to acc ozmcdat.e 1200 patients.

The West Baden Hotel, located at Wast Baden, Ind •• has beenrented for hospital ;JUrposef; and after al terati,.ons ar e completed will ha.ea capacity of 1200 beds.

I; The Westchester, Hew Yor~. hlms House has been secured ae a General. t Hospital and after extensive alterations are made will accommodate 2000

t patients.. The institution was built to accClDmodate 400 inmates but there hasf been c' steu.cJy decline in the number of persons seeking refuge and at theI time of takin; over by the ~~y less than 50 persons were being cared for.

t

The plans of the Pospital ririGion call for the securing af atleast 5000 new beds per nonth. ~frort9 nill be made to secure theserac~litie6 \~i.tLout the erection of ::-.e\!' buildings. Wlierever possiblehospitals and institutions "'ill be secured for the l-..rmy hospital needs.

The -;iar Department authorizes publication of the following circular No.34.on :l.)!)lications of enlisted men for commissions in staff corps~

1. It is contm1plated that all qualified enlisted men physically fit.for 6eneral mi:itary service who a~pire to commissions will have opportunity

. throuGh tr.e officel's' training acl.o oLs ,

~-~. There 'f/lill be many "l~-tcanci()s ir .. the stafr corps and departmen-\1i'th,.t r::ny be filled by per sonu who ar e not ph,;sically fit for general militarysBrvice. but whose defects ~ny be ~~i~ed for ~he particular serVice for whicbthey are qunlified.

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-10- 0S891 h.....'V. .,-,

3. 'It is desired that the opportunity to "apply tor commission in thetartc'orps be made knOwn to all qualified men of thi 9 class and that they be'IDcouraged t~ sUbmit. app.Iaca td one ,

4. application:will in all c~ses be made upon the standard fOnD for:pplication tor commission (Form 100, PB-GS).. '.Applications mll be prepared,ccording to instructions accampanyin~ the form and 'vill be submitted throughilitary channels, each intermediate conrnander makin6 reccrnmendation thereon.

. 5. Post and s~ation commanders ~ill c~use examining"boards to be'~onvened for examination of ap;>licants, the board to consist 0'C at least oneline officer and one medical office!". No fonnal pr-ccaedf gna 'of the board~ll be required other than completion of paragraph 15 of Form 100. PB-GS. and

the completed form for physical examination, Form No. 395. J •• G.O.

6. Completed application blank3 of all applicants "ill be forwarded tothe Adjutant General of the Army.

7. The forwarding of an application should not interfere with transferof the soldier within the United states pendinb action on the application.An applicant should, however, forward throu;jl military channels notice of

y change of address, statin6 the fact that he has submitted an applicationtor commission in a particular staff corps.

8. Applicants who cannot' be utilized ill any capacity will be ;.>rOUlptlynotified upon receipt of their applications by tbe War Department. applicants. ho may be utilized in seine capacity will be so notified and. will be ccm-

ssioned us ~acancies occur.

Interview with rr. John D. Ryan, Second nssistant Secretary of 1Jar.

In reply to an inquiry Fr. Ryan said:

"I have read hastily most of the report of the aircraft investigationby Judbfl Hughes and the summary by the Attorney General.

"I am bratified of course to kno.. that the anve st i gatd on has re-sulted in finding that no such condition of affairs existed last Sprin6 inthe work of aircraft production as was indi.cated by char-ges made at thattime. I have Long been satisfied that the men .Tho preceded me in the direction.of aircraft production did a very :;reat patriotic service. and did not usetheir position or connection with the 60vernment to reap any personal profit,The fact that planes 3.,1d ongi.ne s are now' in more satisfactory production isdue 'lory largoly to th3 earnest, intelli.;ent and patriotic efforts of mypredecessors and the foundetions they left upon which w~ were able to buildwere substantial.

"I om ~lad to say Ln the month of cc t.ober there were produced about4,000 Liberty Twelve engines and the fi6htL'1g plane production is as stzai.nggratifying proportions."

j~ccording to an announcement made by h~ajor General WIn. L. Kenlytoday, the Aviation Field at t,je nrtillery Bri6ade Firing Center, located atCamp Knox, Stith~on, Kentucky. has been numed 30dman Field. The field is.named in honor of First Lieutenant Louis r. Godman, an Army Corps pilot oftl:e Air SerVice, 1Ahowas killed in nn airplane accident at Camp Jackson.Col~bia, South Carolina, September 28th, 1918.

.Released tor Horning Pnper-s , Tuesday, November S, 1916, Md thereafter.

NOTETOEDITORS:

~11.

Citation.

Section A.

,':~~.~p,~,,,,,,~,,.

OS" 1

~,~~~

The War Department authorizes ue following: ,.~\R-1"

The ~Commanderin Chief, in the name 01 the Pr •• ident, haa ..ardedJ~~~.the distinguished s~ros6 to the faUowing nalDed otticers and 101d1.... /~...~~for the acts of C'Gaordinary heroism described atter their' names: . .~

First Liflut. Hugh L. i'ontaine, .Air Service, 49th Aero sq~ron.. .~!~'ti~"lor extraordinary heroism in action in the region of Hagerville. tranc.,' ;~..Sept e ' 14, 1918. Lieut. Fontaine, tOJethAr with First J.Jieut. Hugh ........,. '- .)'attaclc.ed 9 enemy mono~lanes, roickers, at an altitude of 4,000 •• t ...... lie '.:dived into the midst ot the 8nElllYformation without conaiderationfol' hi•.personal saf ety , subjecting himse..lf to great danger. By 'tlle euddeaa ••• aadextreme vehemence of his attack, the machines were driven into cOllt\l8i ••.

"Although greatly outnumbered, he and Lieut. Brew.ter .ucce~ded ill ehooUacdown two of the enemy." HOlDeaddress: Doctor Bryce Fontaine, .teptatla.r.1839 Overton Park Avenue. Mem~his, tenn. '

First Lieut. Hugh Brewster, Air Service, 49th Aero Squadron. "Forextraordinary her-o i sm in ac td on in j;he region of hagerville, France,Septe' 14,'1918, Lieut. Brewster, together with First Lieut. Hugh L. Fontaine attaoked9 enemy planes, Fokkers, at an altitude of 4,000 meters. He dived into themidst of the enemy fonmation without cons1deration for his personal aatetJ.subj ecting himself to great danger. By the suddenness and extreme veh.enoeof his o.ttacJ(, the machines wer e .riven into confusion. Although greatl,'outnUmbered he and Lieut. Fontaine succeedod in shooting d~ two ot theenemy." Home address: lWrs. L. Brewster, mother, 1944 Fairmont, Avenue.Fort Worth, Texas.

First Lieut. Clarence C. Kahle, Pilot, Air Service, 99th Aero.Squadron, "For extraordinary heroism in action near Lachausse, France,Sept. 13, 1918. Lieut. Kahle, and First Lieut. RaymondC•• iilJ., Observer,were directed to take p~otoJrapns of the 010 HindenDurg Line. 'They "ereaccomparn ed by two protection planes. ,j~fter they had taken BCDephotographethe protectinG }llalleS \V0l'8 driven off by hostile aircratt; but l..ieut. Kableand his ooserver continued the~r mission alone, until in the vicinity ofLa Chaus se they were attacked by an enemy fonnntion of 9 planes. Lieut.Kahle put up a GU!lant fi6nt in which hi~ observer wus shot through theheart and killed.

Although pitted uJainst overwhelming odds, Lieut. Kahle, by hiepluck, detenninatiot1, skill and courage, brought 'the photo~raph. and theplane back to his ai'rdromes, the enEmykeeping up a constant attack uponhim back to our lines, riddling the plane with macm ne gun bullats." HCIIl8addreos: ~'!rs. F. L. Ki:4hle, ii;other, 5513 r:argarettr. 3treet, Pittabursh. Pa ,

First Liaut. RdymondC. Hill, doceased, Obsurver, ~r Service,99th Aero Squadron. "For extraordinary heroism in action near La Chau88e,Wranc0, SO!'t. 13, 1918. Lieut. !~ill, with First Lieut. Clarence C. Kahle,Pilot, ver-e directed to take photobra.)l;s of th~ old Hlndenburg Line. The,"'ere accompanied by tvc pr-otectLng pLane s , After they had taken SClDephotographs the protecting pia nes were dri ven off l:&' hostile aircrat't, butLieut. Pill and his pilot continued on their mi:3sion alone, until in theVicinity of La \;haus(~('\thoy \'lcre attacked by an enemy formation ot 9 planes ..

,'

05a91-12-r .Hont fiht a, uir.,t tneoe overwne lma n.; occ s • Lieut. hill was shotputting up ahLart and kin.eel; but his pilot, by his pluck, detennination, skill

-h the ea t . -LithrOUt; b oU"'h home the photo~ra;JhG and tile !Jlane 0 our anes ,II Homeand courab18, r Ii:vrrIO~d C, Hill, .-:rife, P.O. Box 104, 1411 Tenth 3treet, Lewiston,address: ...rs, \ J'"

Idal:o., and Lieut. Paul J. 0' Donnell, deceased, Infantry, 96th Aero~~~r extraordinary heroizm in action near Dunsunneuse, France, Sept.

squadrolna' l"eut O'Donnell's f orraa t.i cn wac attacked, while flying to banb26 19 • J..1. , . . ' • t

'. by seven enemy planes. VIith tne hrst spurt of enemy !lro, L1eu •r~su~elul's~;S f~tally wounded. TIlth his last strength he opened a deliberate[>' ronne1 " 't d t t t 1 II• d t ctive fire on one of the enemy planes, dr-i vmg 1. own ou 0 con ro •ar.~ es ru , ~14 -n t th t I' VT' dcress: ; r s ..die O'Donnell, l"other, '£ lour een Stree,.. .,p,or..e a ..'"ashinz;ton, ;;. C,

Second Lieut. l.o''l::o.rd G. ka th , Ooserver, ~6th aer-o squadron. ForextraordInary heroism in act~on bet~~een Rharnbley and xannes~ France, Sept. 13,iSLE.... Hut, Ruth, while ac t i n.; as. l.e&d~ns obse~ver of a f1l.r:;;ht of tlu~~e planes,,'s attacKed by 15 enemy p ranes , In.sp~ te of tn e fact that hl s fomatJ.on wass~rroundeo by an eneny fivo tl.mes as 1arbe, he carried out successfully hieI:!ission and oonbed his objective. In the return running fi5ht, Lieut. Rath andhis pilot continued the unequal fi!;ht and succeeded in returninb to their airdromewith valuable infonnation." }-iomeaddress: :7alter F. Rath, Brother, Pasadena,Cb.l.

Second Lieut. Arthur R. Brooks, Air Service, "For extraordin~ry heroismin ac tron over !!.arslatour, Franco, Sept. H., 1918. Lieut. Brooks, when hispatrol was attacked by 12 enemy Fokker-s over r-arslatour, 8 miles within theener:y lines, alone fought bravely 'and relentlessly \'1ith eight. of them, PJlQ"J1di18t~e fiCht from 5,000 met er-o to ""i thin a few meters of the gr-ound and thoutihhis ri,;ht rudder control was out and his plane riddled wi th bullets, hedestroyed two !"okkers, one fallin~ out of control and the other bursting into!lar.es." ECI:l8 address: Frank E. Brooks, ~ather, New Kendall Hotel, FrEll~ingh8m,!:assuctusetts.

First Lieut. ~dward V. Rickenbacker, hir Service, 94th Aero Squadron.II:'crthe follOWing acteo!. extraordinary heroism. The bronze Oak Leaf is awardedto ce '70rn on the distinguished service ~ross awar-ded uc tober 16, l~la~ OnSept. H, 1918, in the region of Vil.t.ecy, he attacked ':t ?okker enany p Ianeaat an a.l.titude of 3,OlJO meter o , After a sharp and hot action, he succeededin .mooting one down in flames and di::Jpersing the other three. For thelollo~in; act of extraordinary heroism, a Bronze Oak Leal" is award8i to be worn.n the distinGuished service cross awar-ded October 16, 1918: On Sept. 15, 1918,l!l the region of boisdewaville he encountered 6 enemy planes, which were in theact o~ attackini;; four 3pads, v1hich v-er o ualo\"T them. 6ndeterred by their.uper~or mmber-s , he unhesi tatini:;ly attacked them and succeeded in shootin6 onedownrn flumes and canpletely br-eakd n.; the fornation of the ot"era." haDe .acdre~J: 1!,rs. ''Tilliam f.ickenbacker, 1334 E. Livint;ston Avenue, Col\lllbuB, Ohio.

Citations

!I~ TO IDITORS:-

Section 13 /Releasedfor afternoon r'l th ttpaper-a, Tue sday , .icvember- 5, b a, and erea er •

hti. The Canrn~nder in ~hief, in tte name of the President, has awarded theacts :ruiShed 8e~Vl.Ce cross to the following DElIl'Jadofficers and soldiers tor the

extraordlnary heroiSm described after t11cir names:f .

"

-13- 05891 /1Private Hlirold Batley, CompanyCI 308th Infantry, "For extraordinary

beroism in action near Dadonvillers, France, June 24th, 1918. p~ivate Batley,atter two patrols had f~led, volunteered and went alone, to the grouped cam-bat, through the bar-rage andbrout;;ht back information of the highest value."Hameaddress: John A. Batley, fa~1er,-¥rchard street, Rochester, N•. Y.

Major Carl Spats, Pil~r S~rvice, "For e r~ordin~ heroismin action durin6 the st. Mihiel offensive, September 26 1918. MaJor Spatz,although he had received orders to 60 to the Unite ates, be~~~ for andreceived permission to serve with a pursuit squadron at the tront. Sub- "ordinatin~ himself to men of lower rank, he was attached to a squadron as apilot and saw conditione and arduous service tilrough the offensive. AS aresult of his efficient'.ork he was promoted to the position of FlightCClIIIMander.Knoring that another attack was to take place in the vicinity ofVerdun, he remained on duty in order to take part. On the day of the attack"est ot the ~!euse, while with his patrol over enemy lines, a number ot en.yaircraft were encountered. In the cClIlIbatthat followed he succeeded in br1ni-1116down two enemy planes. In his ardor and enthusiasm he became separatedtrom his patrol while following another enemy far beyond the line8. Hisgas givinJ out, he was forced to land and •• *bed to land within friendl,terri tory. Through these acts he became an inspiration and example to all men'!'ith 1rhamhe was associated."

First Lieutenant r:arl G. PaYDe, Air Ser.ice, 20th Aero Squadron..For extraordinary' heroism in action nellr Longuyon, France, Sept.ber 16, 1918.•Starting on a very important daylight bombing mission with five other planes,Lieut. Payne, observer, went on alone ':"Thenthe other five planes were torct*tto tum back. On crossing the German lines, he Vias attacked by three enemyplanes. U.sing his t;WlS to keep the. enemy at bay, be went on, reached hieobjective and drop~ed his bombs on the railroad junction, cutting the line.Cn the way back four more planes joiDtd in the attack, but keepingth. atbay with his buns, he reached the allied lines." HCIIleaddress: Edward Payne,father, 10 llyrtle Street, Belaont, Massachusetts.

First Lieut. Cecil G. Seller8, Air Service, 20th Aero Squadron. "Forextraordinary ~eroism in action near Longuyon, France, Se9tember 16, 1918.Starting on a very important bombing mission with ti ve other planes, Lieut.Slllers, pilot, went on alone when the other five machines were forced to turn~ack. On crossing the enemy lines, he was attacked by three en.y planes, butcontiDued toward his obj ectives while his observer kept them at bay. In theface ot this hostile opposition the objective was reached and their bombs dropped •

..... oa the way back tour more planee Joined in the attack, but fightingtil. ott they reached our lines with valuable infonnation, after a fightlasting 38 minutes."

Homeaddress: Hamilton Sellers, Brother, 350 Stonewall Place, lI_phie,fanessee,

. First Lieut. Bradley J. Gaylord. pilot first day bcbardIDent p'oup.Air Service. "For extraordinary her.oi. in action between Chambley and Xanne.,.~e. Sept. 13, 1918• Liaut. Gaylord, while lead! nb an important miel10D.'Us two other pl8.nes, '"laS attached by 15 enemy planee. nevertheless, he and

''i. observer carried out the mission, bombed the objective in a rUDD1ngtlght,-• sbot down at least one enemy plane." . ., Home address: Mrs. Harvey R.. Gaylord, mother,' 113 Hi~ street,Juffalo, N. Y.

\

; First Lieut. Charles R. DoUve, pilot, Air Service, 93rd AeroBquadron. "For extraordinary heroism in action near at. Bellolt, hance,Bept. 12, 1918. Lieut. DoU.e, in conjunction with another' .moaD pl10'\.

gl68d and tought tive enemy planes. OutnWDbere4and fighting againet~.endous .odds, Lieut. Dolive sbot dowa three en., plane ... outfought tutire enemy formation." . . ):i)"'J.iic.t'""~ ,.

ijome addre.s: Mrs. E. Parson DoUve, 4040 EIU. Avenue, Chica~o;""6 __

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WQ DEPARMNTAir .Sorvico

Div1s1on of Military AeronauticsWashington, n.c.

WEEKLY NEWS. LETT3R - WEBK ENDING SATURDAY NOVEv.BER 9, 1916

06931

Reports fram the Air Service schools ~n this country show an incroasodamount of cross country work by the pilots. Much of the terri tory coveredby these pilots is without suitable landing fields and tho emergenciospresented at times by forced landings are developing thoir resourcofulnessin more ways than one. In one recent flight of this ki • nino planes IromPayne Field West Point Mi:;si,ssiypi, led by Lt. Jack, • hoard, started tiDto a on for Binningham, Ala~a,

.... ...---After reaching ~ayctte, 140 miles from their destination, the planes

were forced to fly solely by compass, the weather having become v0ry thick.All made Binningham according to schedule, except one pl?~e, piloted by Lt.Albert o. Spencer, which suffered a broak in the gas line when n~arly 10,000teet up and at a time when the.pilot had not beon able to Sea the ground torsamo forty-five minutes. Forced to spiral down through several layers ofclouds and rain to a level of about 1000 feet before tho ground became visiblo,he found himself over a town and was obliged to mako a forced landing in avacant lot. This drew a crowd of curious inhabitants and to avoid hitUng themoro venturesome who ran across his path, he made a sharp turn, collidingwith a telegr-aph pile .. damaging a wing. With :the aid of two broaa sticks az.dsClDemuslin, tElUporary repairs were made , and the gas lines having beon re-paired, re~umption of tho trip was possible.

The lot was tardly large onough for a good take-offr but, by squeolingbetween telegraph polos, the pilot was able to get a run through a corn fieldand tako tho air with barely onough clearance to jump a big warehouso upwind from him.

Assurances fram tho townspeople had led Lt. Spencer to bolieve Binning-ham was only a few miles distant, but it had already gr~ dark before tholights of the city came into view. Again difficulty in f1nding a landingplace was exporienced, but having picked out a black spot which appeared to becloared land, Spencer leveled out for.a three point landing. A few foot offthe surface of his black spot h.J suddenly discovored that particular surfaceto be wator and ho was in the middle of a good sized pond. He "zoQfled" justin time to keop his tail planos out of tho wet, cliobed about three hundredfe0t and bogan a circlo of tho city soarching for the othor ships. He metwith no success in this offort and again picked out"anothor spot for a land-ing. This ap~oared to be a va~ant lot. Ag~n he settled to tho street leveland flattoned out, when to his surpriso i~stead of feoling ground beneath h~he kept on settling and finally brought up in an oxcavation 2CJ fe.Jtbelowtho lovel of tho lot and stopped on tho brink of a ditch which was invisiblountil disclosed by the headlights of an automobile in tho street abovo him.

.... ---

Th~'attention of canmissionod officers is ca~led to the fact that theu.a.. Army UnHoJ'1llRegulationS; are being broken by many of them 1n severalparliculars. Special attenti\)n is called to tho regulations concerning the~ins of overcoats and raincoats and the insignia thereon.

-2- OS931

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V'".

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Oliye-drab overcoats, not longer than ten inches below the knee or no' "shorter than one inch below the kne e , are the only authorized overcoats torwinter wear. Rank is designated by braids on tho sleeves of overcoats only.Drab mole-skin overcoats lined.wi th sheep-sUn are only authorized for wear .'J'

1A AllllPa ad ~r the regaUa~ons pr81lc:ribadby the camp or division cClllllanch ..... 'The wearing of the so-called "'frend1coat" is prohibited in the UDi ted stat.-,,' .,except as a raincoat. ~ . ~;

Waterproof coats or capes and raincoats, as noarly as practicable thecolor of the olive-drab 'Sorvice uniloJ'1ll,may be worn in rainy or other wetweather, but thoy should not b~ worn for purposes of wannth. Neither insigniaof rank on the shoulder loops, ;~or braid as sleeve ornamentation will be yora:on raincoats. No officer or e~isted man is permitted to wear any c_paip :-. . )badge or ribbon, even though he has taken part in a c..paign, \lIltilhe bas.ubmitted his claims to *he Adjutant General and receiY~ epecific author1lat~.to do 80. The badgos and their respoct! v~ ri~bons are issued by the Quarte ....master Corps after the service of the individual hal been veritied. Ribbodrepresenting military societies will not be worn with s~rvice, UDifonDs.

Gold o~rvice chevrons for ~ix months' service in the theatre of .operations and blue chevrons for periods of le8s than six months are autbori&od.but a gold and a blue chevron must never be worn together. While traction. 'otthe first six months' servico are recognised, after one gold chevron haa beea~awarded. a b~ue one is never awarded, but when a seOond six-months,'period hapelapsed, a second go Id chovron is authorized. There is no authorilaUoa torthe wearing of a gold or silver star above the s~rv1ce chevrons, wbicb 1.supposed to de8ignate mamburship in the first 50,000 to dilBDbark oyerseas.

The wearing ot overseas caps by otticar8 and men is prohib:i'ted111 thiscountry, excnpt at ports ot embarkation and only by men &bout to embark orthose who have just d~8embark.d. . .' ..~

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Cities and towns of the Southwest under the air lanes used by Army flfer.are rivaling each othor in their hospitality to aviators. They are buildinglanding fields. organizing the inhabitants into reception committe •• andraising money for entertainment. One town, whi~h calls itself -The Dynamoof Central Texas," is sending out invita.tions b:, cards '0 llyers. The cardsread:-

..

"Upon prosllntation of this card all courtesieswill be offered you, including shower and poolbaths at the ~.M.C.A's t87,pOO plant. CountryClu~h $75,000 plant, Elk's Club's .47,000 plant •Coffoo and sundwiches will be handed out by th@Red CrOBS canteons~ hair cut, shave and shinegivon free1at any barbor shop, cold drinks atthe soda.wat~r fountain, also local carfare."

,..'';:,

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'~~;ji•.

...Howit feels to be in a run-away t10n balloon, torn traa

its winch by a wind stOnD and blown 9000 ee ' er the Cascade Mountains,i8 told 'by Lt. H. C. Hahlbuck, an observvr attached to tho ~y Balloon Schoolat Arcadia, California. Tho observer stuck to his balloon until hope ot,aYing it was gone and then madeza parachute j\lllP to safety. While it walnot necessary t~at there be a passenger in the baskot, on the aft~rnoon of hisadventure, ho had ascended as additional ballast in the balloon for some •experimontal work and had not adjusted his parachuto harness and carried only,four bags of sand ballast.

In the official report of the incidunt Lt. Hahlbeck stated that when the. cable broke he was riding 2500 foot in the air, and while he noUced a stonabrewing in the distant mountains ho did not report it to tbo ~rf1flat thewiaoh:,bolowuntil gusts at 30 to 40 Milos an hour wore j orking the balloonand cau3ing it to roll, so that the baskot at timos was at an angle ot 45d8graoa or mora fram thu porpondicular.

In his report Lt. Hahlbeck deacrabed what happened as follows:

"1 telephoned dovm, doscribing the wind torce and directed that thvballoon be haulad down. I Hlso asked that 1;8 manymen aa could be CO\l.,dbeassEJllblod.as I ficgured there would be trouble in handling -w":obf,lloon on 'the 'grcund, Tho wind bec.zne rapidly worse on my deacerrt , At 500 feet ebvl:\.tionthe balloon was in the teoth of the gale. I saw 'by the pitching and rollingthat I was in trouble and started to adjust my parachute harness ~ediatellbut it ~as slaw work on account of the behavior ot the basket.

"The balloon in t1:e meantime was being maneuvered by the Ir~ below'West, ~st the ;uard house over the main road past the K. of c. hall, Dorthover the road past thu risging tent thd then east past the rigging tent.. '\he,winch stopping on the main road in front of the balloon hanger on the westside of the road; wind blowinG forty to fitty m1le8 per hour in southWostdiraction. Thure the winch started to tau! downbut th.) balloon pitchedconsi~erebly each time straightening up with a jerk and tlutting a severestrain on the '\"Tinchcable. Whenabout one hundred teet trC& tho ground asevere gust of wind hit the nose of the balloon causing it to pi'\bh muchheavier than previously and str::ightened up and snapping tho cable just abonthe sheave Wheel.

MTheballoon being free ascended rapidly to about nine to ten thoueandfeet according to my oatimate of the hei?,ht above the mountains north ot the

. cc:np. The mQDaneter tube bubbled ovor. I previously had grabbed the valvecor' immediately on the balloon breaking a7aY and kept the valve open almostcontinually on my ascent as the balloon beG8meas tight as a drum and Ifeared ~ it would burst. I held on to the valve cord both hands finally tasten-ing it to one of the basket toggles and then hunted for the altometer, lindingit on the bottom ot the baskot in between the sand bags. it having snapped o~fwhenthe balloon broke away. I fastened it to the suspension bar and it ~uSthen registering about 7000 ft. and caning down rapidly. I than looked at theterritDry around me, could see far over the to)S of the ~ountains north of thecampand got my ilosition as above San Gabriel rapidly going seuthweri t....,.dthe ocean. The ccean appeared a great deal nearer than it acttally was. duet'J my h'3igl-.t. "ecntime I had closed the valve as I noticed the tins and tailwere hanging loosely at the rear of the basket and seeing the balloon almosttwo-thirds (In,,ty ro,"-lized I had valved it too much. It was then coming dOnitoo fast fo~' safety descen4ing 'four thousand feet in about two mini1tes time and

05911 I

B. )(. Baruch. chairman of the \'Iar Industries Board. authoril8s thefollowing:

T. E. Donnell", Director ot the Pulp and Paper Division ot the ......Industriel Board. )~.J.S issued tho following bulletin clearly defining HOllIeOrgBD publication, including Individual, Collectivo and ammuaity

!he individual house organ is defined as a public t1 n of s,atfl-equencJ ot issue. published in the interest o! an in i ual,,. I ftIl orcorporation. It such publications were issued ~rior t~ OC ober~. 1 18, thetonnage of paper used each month shall be at least 25~tle thd ~e 8yel'&l0':';:.lIIl~untused per month dUDing the preceding twelve mont's. ilt cal s where ~ .~(.,~the publication is less than twelve months old, the ba.t1s cClllputation shall , :1be the monthly averab8 for period published. It a J)u"Ucation is new. it ill. ':~f:ortlidden unless it takes the place of sCIIleother 101111 of publ1ci'tJ, .a in ;,"'doing so etfects the ~equired saving in tonnago, and will be issued based on 1,statement or details and pledges ..conforming to these req~nts.'~

'.

I decided to jump leaving th~ capd bags in the basket as I thought possiblythe balloon might be ~arried over to tho ocean. Thon to make doubly sUreof the balloon landing in a large fiold,. ;vhichI was ap~Jroaching, I againdecided to rip the balloon leaving sand ~ags in as ballast so that theballoon would descend in the fiold and not be lost, I knew it would b~ fool-hardy to stay in the basket. and throw the sand bags out becauso of tho smallamount of gas in the balloon •. I ripped the balloon and vaulted over theside of the basket. taking car~ to adjust all tho straps of my harness beforeFlpping and looking to 8eo whieh was tho corroct 8ide to juap fram.

~I landed safely in a toma~o patch on the north side of tho field Ihad in mind, landing backward or)my heels. turning a complete somorsAult ovor

"onto my feet again and then ruruhng to the parachute holding tho odges. down .bet ore the wind could open it atld drag me. I the unfast_ed thu hookll on myharness and rollod up the parachute in time to gi vo it to the anbulance drive,as he camo out. I landed without a scratch or a bauige. The balloon was ~c~rriod over the fiold I had in-~ind into a wash bordering the west side 01- .it, landing on somo barb wire." ". _

Regarding collective house organs, those publication. printed ia theinterest ot a collection of individuals. tinDS or corporations, and not haYingsecond claas mail ontry - the same ruling was made.

The community house orgail. a publication in the interest ot a church.charitable institution, club, society or community, and entered a' secondclass mail, autanatically becomes a poriodical and i8 subject to thopegulations as issued to all publishers of poriodicals, axcept newspapersand a,gricultural publications, under dv.te of August 27th, 1918., ..

.t

"The War Department authorizos the following:

In apite of influenza and with the sflDe equipme and the eflDG torcetho American fnctorios making Liberty engines' uased thuir output in

05931----october 1500 ever So~tombcr. 'The quotas set, or total n_ber of Ong1DOSexpected frexn all fnctorics in september fts 2500. The act\l&l ... bar oteagilt:PS shipped tor SeptEiDbar was 2378. The quota •• t tor the •• _.0factorios in Oct ober w~s 3000 and they act\MLlly shipped 38'18. The e __p~tition among thOGO factorieS ~a8 now becaae a race, tho Nordyke U~ODCClllpanyof Indianapolis winning the octo~r pOl2lUlDtwhich waa seDt to 'the.ployeas ot this factory in a de Haviland-LibomtJ plane tr. Detroit to-day. The Bureau of Aircrntt Production ill this cCllpet1t1oD ba__ eel thisaonth "General Porshing' a llontb1 and sot the total quot.a of L1berUosexpected for Novembor at 6350.

The Navy Department is intoNod that EDslgn Charlos II. Saabora andStudent DUlcer E•. H. Millet, cr_ or Seaplane A, UiS lost at sea. ha ...arrived sate and uninJurod in poJ't haring bOeDpicked up ODthe morD1ngof October 31 by a U.S. Naval vb6sel.

.. ~" '.!~

~~\:,~

.'!

';~I

th':} following:

r entlJ rellla1Ded in theI, air for nino ho ra, says a report receiv It AdII1ral SiID.. the

loapUane car d a full military l0&;d, four .en, rogulation 8\WplJ ot gasoliDe,'two bombs weighing nearly fi vo bW1dred paunds and two machine l\1li-. Noaddi tional saaol1ne tanks were earried.

..;.

1st Lieut. Paul N. A. Roonoy, 4th C~panr. A.S., U.S.A. Nearest \relative, lin. J. Rooney, Father, 16 Paris £treet, East Bostoll, Ma88. Two ijumps: July ~W~EL.Lt. Roonoy and Lt. Forr~nbach performed a mission i~balloon OPP051 e Seicheproy. The balloon was attacked and burnedi both !obsurvers j \.Illped. Thay asc and.cd....f.our hours latur in another ballo 011 and Icontinued the work. Sopt.~.?!::l.!_~6Ll~l-8, during the achaDce Northwest. ot IVerdun, Lt. P.N .A •. Rooney and Lt. E. S. Montgcmery, both 4th Co., 'Were Jforced to j\.lllP whun attacked by three enamy planes.

2d. Lt. E. S. Montgomdry, 4t,h COIIlP8.RJ,A.S., U.S.A. NeAt of kin, Kre.~.5.tlontgOO1ory,trite, Jewott City, Conn. One J\lDp ,;ivan above with Lieut. R.oo~oy.

\1st Lt. ""infred C. ',~acBrayne, 102d F. t\. (4th Comfjany)Next of kin' \

Mrs. ~V. C. MacBrayna, wife, 400 Enct Uerrimnck street, Lowell, I(n8s. o~o )j\lllP; Sept~bor},--_!.9~ Lt. MncBrayne and Sgt. 1st Class, .Nonnal Brunoll. Iperforming a mission during thd advnnce near ~ho Voslo Rivur, wore forcedto jump when un enemy plane dove ~nd tirad upon the balloon. 1

At memorand\IDfor the commander of the AnI~ Balloons, Firat.tho following list ot obsorvers who have made ~8rachut.e jUDander fire with.a slight history or each cas~.

I Tho .... r nopartmont authori.o. ~. roUowiag,-

\

III'I

iI!,

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,'

1st Lt. Harlou P. Noibling. r.A .• U.S.A. attached to 3d ComPaDJ.~!ext ot kin: ~!other 1'r3. Elize.buth Ncc, 1819 Lyndulo Avo•• South.,Antlor~ Apari.monts, Minneapolis,Pinnosota. Two j\.lllpa:SllptC!l1ber I, 1918near Rrouvillo. Hourthe ot ~,~oscllo. ~ranQo. whilo under the }ursidioiIon orthu 6th Corps of tho 8th Fronch Army. l~t Lt s , Harlou P. Neibling and GeorgC. Carroll woro nttnckod by two anemY'airplanes and forc~d to j\ll1p. Theballoon was burnud. September 26, 19l8~lst Lt. Harlou P. Nei~ing andGeorgo C. Carroll were forced to ijiumpduring tho advance NorthwQst of Vor unwhon attackod by two en~ planeG. Tho bulloon was burnud.

1st Lt. Ralph G. Dold. F.A•• U.S.A., attached to 3dCompanr. Nextof kin: Fathqr, Jacob Dold. Buffalo. N.Y. One j\.DP as abovo.

let Lt. Birge M. Clark. Sd Campa~. A.S., U.S.A. Next of kin, Prot.Arthur B. Clark, Fathor. stantord Univorsity. California, One J\IIPMAu&1lst39. 1918" 1st Lt. B. M. Clark and 1st Lt. Ralph L. Dold were toreedto j\.DP whan attackod by a Geraaa Pfall planu. This j\lnP occurred at .~rou~le. ~eurthe at Moselle .aile undor the. jurisdiction of the 6thCorps of tho 8th Freuch ArmY'0 The balloon was not burned , Eight hot ....wore found in the fabric.

2d Lt. Goorgo ». Armstron, 11th Company. A.So• U.S.~. Next ot kin:!lother. Mrs. Mary W. Armstrong. 125 South Spring Streilt, Sioux Falls,SO)oltb Dakota, Three junps. Soptomber 26. l,SlQ' Lt. AnIlstroGg while 1a abal100A at Gormanville. during the 'rive Northwest of Verdun, was attackedbY'13n.7 pl.anos and t orcod to j \IIlP• 00 tQ..bor6 ~ )94-8,L t. Armstl'oag wasforced to jump when his balloon was attackod bJ an onsY' airplane. "1918, Lt. Armstrong~was attacked by two enomY'airplanes. Fokkers~ &Qd,~to j unp, He reas ccnded iDlnadiately but was forced to j\IDP ag.:dn ihlrt~minutos later. Thero was one bullet hole in the basket.

, "l''''~. :" ..~~;,,'

-6- .nCQOl ,:. ,,':,;Joli:'*"~h',~". .'. \~~~~,>.L:J'i<~"

~n.=;~~\~":~i.N~::r~~Sh~~:~:~.O::::~:i.I~~a~:;~j~.T'~giyon above nth Lt. MacBrayne. ' , , '\:~

1st Lt. S'. V. Clarke, 8th cs., A.S., .U.&.A. Next of tin: No re.on., '".,,)7Two J\lDPI August 28.1918, Lt. S. V. Clarke was forced to J\IIIP fr. balloOll~i~whou attacked by an anOOlYplano. The balloon was buJ'ned. JHo aece_" - .. ,~:i~1_ boaa-. lat.or in WlO~i)r balloon. SeptCJllbe~26, }p18 I.t. S. V. Cl8l'b',,~ ~"and Lt. S. li:. Whito woro observing in balloon whell attacked by aD e...,..plane. The balloon was burned. Both ob30"er~ showod coolness ill 1-~: )"t\one wa!ting f or the othor' s parachute to opon bot ore goiJlg ovor. . 'l~;tJ,

. . (';~~r,.2d Lt. S. E. White, 9th Co•• A.S.., U.S.A., Next or kin: 110t pYeD. . :'}1

History of this j\lllP given a~ove with Lieut. Clarke. ,;}:, t..;J

,1st Lt. James A. McDevitt. 11th Co., A.S •• U.S.A. Nex\ of kiJa:-.Jb's. J_ tt)IfcnoVitt. Yothor , 114 Yale Avo•• Ciacinnati. Ohio. Four jlllps: So t be ';.,£1918, at 11_I3Y. Lt. l!.cDovitt j\ll'lped when attackod by onClllYplane. OCt9'bor 5 "1918. Lt. "eDevi tt j\lllped during the advance Northwost of Verdun. Ttioneight holos in the balloon and four in the baskot tr<ID tho an4lllY's bu1.le\a. ..'OCtober 6 •. 1918. Lt. McDovitt while obsorving in a balloon w&S attacked bt\.:;~two onEiiiypla~os and forced to hap. Eightoen minutos later be as 0eDlled ,'~/'continued his work. Octolre,r 6, 1918 Lt. McDevitt was attacked the soon4' ')"~time an hour and" eight minUtes lator. He j \IIlped. The balloon _. ~'o ':;:)~~~,

1st Lt. George C. Carroll, 3d Company, A. S •• U.S.h. Next ot kin:Father. Harry S. curroll, Garrott, Indiana. Two jumpa as above.

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vrAR IEPAR'fdENTi\i r Servi ce

rivision of Military Aeronautics"/ashington, D. C.

OSS66

WEEKLY NEWS LETTER - V,'E:"':K ~lTDIl;G 3ATuRD1~Y, NOVFJ,fBER 16, 191a •

• far Department authorize3 tile

ftrst Lieutenant Walter i.rmy, (Emergency address -It, "25 First Ave., BinninghflIl, rl.labama; Parents, Kissinrnee, Florida) and an

, lIicer recently returned from the Western r-ront, has been ordered to report togler Field, Hampton, Virginia, for duty as an instructor.

Lieutenant Lawson c~rri~s a sc~r fourteen inches long on ~is chest, made bya piec, of shell case received in action while taking observations over the enemy's11n.e last Summer. He has spent much of his time studying these lines, both inthe air with his cemera and on the ground working out war maps fran hie photo-,Faphs. He "3.S several months on the Iletz sector. He was over that city aboveU or below it on the r i ver , noti n6 troop movenents, counting the nunber of trai ns~ ears arriviag in the railroad j~r~s and keeping tab generally on Heinie.

Lieutenant Lawson said:-- "I'm glad we didn't have to storm Metz. If we hadttempted it, our losses ~ould have been terrible -- probably the heaviest in the

'ietory of the war. The forts w er e constructed so that they covered every inch.t the front. They are 'staggered' j t hat is, th~r~ is a double row of alternate'torts so tat in the event we took the first rank, an equally hard nut to crackpresented itself inlnediately behind, and in rear of the second line was the cityU.el!, anned to the teeth. They had good protection agai nat aircraft, too. IIner say so many anti-aircraft guns bunched on one ~lace. They all let go atonce when we came anywhere near and the 6rowling and barking of that iligh explosive&8 it burst was like a free -- i or-e- all in a dcg-pound .

"The observers, when they an in the air, spend a good deal of their timelooking over their shoulders. Fritz never attacked us except fran behind. The'pilot was busy running tr.e shf p in front. The observer, in rear, had notes totake, observations and photographs to take, and ou occasion he dropped every-thing alsa and t ired hi s two machille guns as fast as he could.

"When the observer starts for a trip over the enemy's line, he leaves theUfsuit plane which one ~ould naturally suppose is in the air to protect him,

ost at hi s own front gat e • Tr.e puraui t ship hasn't enough tuel capacr ty, tofollaj 80 the formation, cnce cle~r of our lines, goes on alone. Tr.e number in1 formation is usually from three to six, aRd we fly very close to~ether. Thereason for this is t'1at we ar e thus able to concentrate our fire on <.:.nyenemyWhichmay appear.

"Fri tz doesn't oome up on the fiank or in front because he V'ould be greet.ed by,I Ih01fer of 'steel bullets from every gun in our fonnaticn. We are safe fran abovebecause we fly so nigh he can't get ovor us. But if he sneaks an from behind, r.e11 likely to throw the fonn~tion into confusion ur.less we can stop hdrn , Thesquadron loses its clo sa f orma tion if the enemy ,:;ets the dr-op on us, and as theyere 10 much faster, they can outmaneuver us and :jet us one at a time unless wepui them c.N1ayor can beat it buck home.

, "A bunch of Fokkers one day~ot in behind us while Vi:; wer-e tLkin6 photograptsin the Metz di strict. I opened up as hard as I could ."i th .'oJy macn i r.e guns,M one fellow who wag particul~rly bold, singled ~e out. The rest kept

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05966-2-

,; at aaue dis ccnce and circled. shooting all the time. but not particularly:'.angerous. But he snowed he meant to kill or get killed. He kept cloSing in,

ca1ng at US from t,n i:~n~le in -"he rear. I anticipated him each time, andrough our telephone would .,~ive the pilot the word at the proper moment to turn

.1thar to the right or the left as the case might be.

'1'e kept this fox-and-geese ch~~i~:7fo: maybe a couple of minutes. He!, p, so close I saw hire pLaa nLy , I wLs{fi'antlcally a.ll the time, as was he. It

"a. allover in Le ss time tr.alll I have been talkil'lg. He nosed over and fell,camingd~ close to our lines. The men in the front trenches saw him reportedit. ?Ie received official conf.i rmat.Lon in two days. which is quick time.

,I,

"Whena fonnation of cbs erver s get into a 'dog fight', there is much'pramiscuous firing by everyone, and it is impossi~le to tell whose bullet bringsd~ the Fritzie who nose-tives in flames. So it is a custom in all armies tocredit officially every pilot and observer in a 'dog fight' when a Boche takesthe count.

"The Fr~nch started the custom of taking a green American observer sent totiMm for training ~nd putting him with a noted pilot with a long string ofYictories to his credlt. This protected the ~rican if he got into a fightagunst odds, because the pilot would maneuver so Vlell that :nhe Gennans wouldbe al"ere at a dieadvmitage and the observer could operate his machine guns toadY8Dtage. Also, the pilot was mere than likely to wing a Boche with his owngun. Likewise, the pilot's achievements might bring the Cross of War, and inthat ... nt the observer is also granted this precious bit of bronze. Can youwonderat our admiration for such a people!

"Anddon't forget the wonderful work of the enlisted men at the hangars,"0 never get off the ground. I sometimes wondered when those fellows sleep.Whenthe intantry is out we take the air on a daylight reconnaissance, gettingoft the! ground thirty minutes before it is light. And our planes are always'read1, prepared 'dy squads wht.ch have worked all the previous day and most ofthe. night. Each ship is .attended by a sergeant and two or three assistats,.xp.rt~echaniciana. They take the greatest pride in keeping thetr ~articularcbarge groomed like a racehoree. There is a lot of rivalry between the squadsto turn out their ships in the best trim, and they take personal pride in theacb1e.,.ents ot their own pillot and observer •. Whenwe start up. 'it is withabsolute confidence that every~ing is in order and that the ship is ready fortb. fight-- or the flight-- of her life. We can depend upon those boys throughenrythinb' '

"The United States tas been making great strides in bUilding stout air-planes. The designers, engineers and the executives in this country, who arelOlt -.tght of by the general public in the more spectacular aspects of flying,~ doing a wonderful work in ~is regard. As a result of th~ir slaving overproblemain desk jobs, the ship is made a little stronger here and a littlecleuer in design there. Many of us owe our lives to their unselfish, unevent-ful daily toil on thia side of the ocean , Thorough workmanship counts.

"Oneday Coles I a brand new man with a new pi lot, got into a fi ~1t withthree Fokkers who jumped him and he ran for his life, n~tur~lly. Sklll and 300d

1uck enabled him to get to our li nes safely. The second d",.y, em anti-aircraftshell bursting directly beneat.h him and very close, tossed hir.i u; in t~le airate a rUbber ball. No fragment touched him or the ship, b~t t~~ concu8sion

.,.-3. 05966

\...---

b ke all the br~ces oI the under wings, and the c'mvas was promptly torn aware~~n he beat it for hot.e , and made a safe landing deapi te the condition of the

. ship. He had t~oncout in <>. lJipl~l!le and c.me back in cI. monoplane. The thirdd a fI'a~ent of high eXplosive went through his neck , It just missed thej:Vgu'l,arvein but tore ~W&ythe tiesues 60 the great blood vessel stood out like

'1 "_ lead pencl •

. Lieu~.enant Lawson '/"i.;lS wounded ';:hile near Verdun. The blow of the piece ofshell casing which hit him Via;; hard enough to knock him out for a few seconds.Whenhe had reco.vured Ine found an artery had been severed. He held it with the

• fingers of his left ht....nd and continued making notes with his right until the. reconnaissance was .:ompleted. Then he yelled to his pilot through the telephone:

• -Beat it; I'm hit." ThA pilot did BO, made into the Aaaerican lines and fiveminutes after the biood stained sheet of notes was in the h~ds of his commandingofficer, Lieut. I.aws.onwas on his way to the hospital where a saw-edged pieceof shell, finger si?e, was r-emoved from under the right shoulder. It had nickedthe edge of L3.wson'a shou Ider bar, torn a hole in his Sam Browne belt, andranged downwarddiagonally acr-o s s hi-s chest. Lawson now cherishes the silverlieutenants bar as a souvonir, believes that the opposition which it offeredto the shell fra8Tlent i 6 ~ll that kept him frem "going west."

NOONPRESS INTZPV":F:WBY THE SECRETARY OF >'1AR, NOVEil.BER 11, 1918.

In answer to a question as to tho status of the Armyafter the war, the Secretarysaid:

"Undoubtedly comp~ehonsive lesislation will be necessary, in view of thetact that the legislation as it now stands tenninates all terms of enlistmentat a fixed perd ed a.fter t;le declaration of peace, and it will be necessary tohave congressional legislation to determine the permanent mill tary establisbnent.TheDepartment has at present, however, no intention to present its views onthat subj oet ,"

I, .

"Cargo ship:-:ents .:'ill, of course, continwe. Our Armybeing in France iti8 of course necessary for us to maintain it, and cargo shipnents will go on'ri.thout cessation of any Bort."

"Troops ~'hich are now loading to be sei1t to Europe are largely medical81'loRtleland tro~ps of that sort."

th reference to the c orrti nuance of vror-k on large plants producing"ar supplies,t'tc., Secretary Baker replied, in answer to a query:

"Someof the projects are for permanent use and same are only tempo~:til. permanent ones "'ill 50 on, and the temporary ones will be gradu!1lly stopped."

• Secretary rend a telegroo: r~ceived from the Employe~ of the PhiladelphiaY'J Yard. as fo110"'s:

"The Employes of the Philadelphia Navy Yard exteY~ congratulations fore world-Wide victory for demccr acy ,"

r -4- 05966II

~i The appointment of Colonel Ar thur ':,'oods to be .•s s.i s t.ant Director of"ilitary At5ronautiCs v'as annnunc cd on l~ov;;lTlbur 14tl. by Niaj or General Kenly.

, ~8 cEde! of the Personnel Section, Colonel woods made a host of friend's toDan his promotion is a sour-ce of gratification. Prior to enter~ng the Air

taervice, Colonel Woods was Police Commissioner of New York City under the late~~ajor lohn purroy l.~i'tchel, who was Mayor.

Colonel Gerald C. Brant has been relieved as Aasist&at to the Direetorof rili tary Aeronautics and appointed chairman of a board to work out and re-

t canmend plans for U.e perm anerrt orga"li zation of the air forces.

The memberslip campaign which is being conducted by the Air ServiceAssociation is meeting with gratifying results. Already more than sixhundred applicantions have been rF3ceived by Major : John H. Packard, theSecretary. While it has been impossible ae yet to reach the thousands orofficers overseas and in distant parts of the United States, it is believed theywill respond in ~u~ cour~e of time.

Cooperating w~h the officials of the Association in the campai~ are theCommanding Officers of the vardcus fields, who are issuing menoranda concerningthe or.janization to the ccmmisdoned personnel in their command. This precludesthe pos sibli tj of nome officer or group of officerS not hoaring of theAssociation.

The following is a paraphrase of a cablegram received from the MilitaryAttache, The Hague, Nother-La m s ;

"It is reportod by a prisoner of war recently arrivedfrom Germany ..hat an American Avi~tor, Lieut. }.;~ooney,was taken to a hospital at Coblenz on October 4th. He~as forced to the ground while bombing Baden~ It isnot indicated by the report that his wound is serious."(This report :i.S be Li.eved to refer to Lieutenant RaymondT. Mooney, who gi ve a his anergency address, Mrs. VI. H.Moo~ey, 6900 Chappel Ave., Chicago, Ill.) "

The follOWing is authorized by the Secretary of \Tar:

At s"meoting this mornin~, attei~ed by the Secretary of the Navy, thechairman of the Shippin~ ::oard, and the Secretary of War, it was decided, in

" Tiew of the signature of the armistice, to issue imMediate directions to cutout all Sunday work and overtime in government construction, and in government-

. owned or controlled plants Rnd plants producing war supplies.

The readjustmei~ of the labor and industry of the country, which has beenOCcupied in war ",ork, will be und er-t aken in c onf er-euce wi th the DeiJartment 0 fLabor and the '~ar Industrias Board, with a view of bringing about the readjust-ment"ith the least dislocation of labor and the greatest facility possible to

.5.

",afforded for ther~es~abli81ment of industry. It i8 clear th~~ th..... 1.:wort enough in the Uru. tea states for all the labor in the country. ...,>CO'-l'1IDent acti vi ties, like the shipbui lding i~dU8try, 1Il11 continue_nterruptedly; others will be gradually readJueted. ".ant1lle, "tho ..

i ....• ployed by the Governnent or working on th. production ot 6098r t.,lUPPli8l, should continue at th.ir oc~t~on ••

The War Department authoti18s the tollowing frClllThe Office ot the Director of Purcha •• I storag.:

z '!'be clothing and shoe rop~r plants, 1a.... i... cl.aning aDclpr •• 8iag':,laDt• conducted by the Armyin c8IIlpaand cUlto.ents throqhout the oount..,.... nowgoing at full stride, according to the report or the Con.erYllUOil ,!... c~ation Division, (now Salvage Division) for the .ontls of sept."". Dur1aI*"month there were ra~red a, total of 1,7'16.247 vUel •• ot wearl.. .,parel."I.Wed in thiiJ toaal were: 520.861 pairs of shoes. 96.131 hat., 121._ .... reoat.; 169 ,056 coat 8; 370,648 pair. ot br•• ch... 164. 844 r~l 8bi.rU.~".'18undershirts; eo ,093 pairs ot drawers; 17.554 pairs of .too~. &a._

\PdJ'I ot lea:;l;n.;, 56 ,391 blankets;, 4.289 .. eater. and 'n.,SiS other arUolN •..... were a180 53,030 cote repair.d and 17.'76 tent anel CIID'" rep.,.. .-... moath. f.

In the dry cl.aning 8lJd pressing ~hop. there were clelUlM UMl," ••;.,3'4 articles of wearing apparel'. The laundries dur1na that .on"th •. haDdW'.__ &1 ot 6,008,845 pieces anel 460 ,002, bundles, which bro"'&ht a r.Ye'" ot .140,801.70. Included in this laundry total were: 930,406 piec •• aDd 454,343

~""le. for officers and enlisted men; 1,989,556 ".ce. for baH hospital.;J a,J06,95i. pieces for reclamation work and 973,864 other pt.ecee. .

"ute materials collected during the month reached a large fipre. Ther~ shows that there were collected: 8,67',047 PQuncl. ot iron; 541,641 pound••, old metal, (al\.lDin\lll, brass, copper, lead and aine); 335,07. po1ADll. of ~I

,1,163,,545 pounds of cotton rags; 527,043- pouncl. of woolen rap, 140,172 pound•.•t rope; 2,773,763 pounds of paper. 1,329,680 bag.; 494,498 pound. of burlap;195,505 pounds of leather; 360,474 pounds ot bottles ud jar.; 189,gag bUTe1a.... boxes. 15,073 pounds of horse and Ilule hair. 1.832,820 teet .t l_b.r and

; 15e,562 pounds of miscellaneouB waste. These waste material. were .1th.r solcl., turned over to various Army organizations, the .ales bringing a r •• en\&8of

.1106,772.05 during the month. The sale8 of m8lllU"ebrought a toW ot '31.650."ElM the sales of garbage and miscellaneous waate brought j6l,361.M aak1q .: .~ of '199,784 .76 tor the waste material. sold during the month. '

Reports frem 18 camps, fields and prov1ng grounels show 2,593 acre. ot:autlnl producing trui t s, vegetables and hay.

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Il .'~

The landing field at Ot esa, Near Rockwell Field, San Diego, Calitonaia,ilia been named "East Field" n honor of the late .cajor Whitten J. East, whowa. recently ki Hed in a dent. .

, Major Raycroft Walsh has been appointed an Assistant Executive in theIxecutin Section, W&Bltington, D. C.

, ...._---_._. _.,."-'..- - ...... _~.... ,-.,".__4_.' ~.. -'- -.-- .. - _.... - ..,-_ .._.- .

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for Sunday Papers, November 17.

Col. William Jay Patterson has been placed in charge of t.he aerial coastfense project.

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.j/05966-6-

A Film and Picture Branch, under Captain L. E. Rubel, has been created fore pacpose of collecting, selecting, producing and distributing photographsd motion pictures intended for public use.

Major Frank C. Page has been p laced on tenpor-ary duty with the Executivection,a;.eronautical Lnf orma t Lon Branch.

Lt. col. George H. Shields, Jr., has been relieved from duty in theSection and transferred to the Balloon Branch, Training Section for

Major Charles W. Hammond has been appointed Summary Court 0fficer of theivision of Mi li tary Aeronautics.

The aviation landing field at La Belle, Florida has en named "Valentine'eld" in honor of Second Lieutenant Herman W. e, A.S.S.C. who was.Hed in an airplane accident at Car.lstrom Field, May 4, 1918.

Lt. Col.Lawrence McIntosh is now assistant to Col. Archie W. Miller. who isD charge of all matters pertaining to district supervisors.

t (Four photographs, numbered 23,967, 23,968, 23,969.and 23.970~ illustrating!thisstory, may be obtained upon application at the News Desk.)! Caations:

23,967-Vaux, key-point of the defenses near Verdun, obliterated by thebb and flow of ~ar.

23,970-Chateau~Thierry, the farthest point of Ge~an penetration lastpring, wtere American forces began the drive which served as a prelude to theresent vast retii:ement.

e War pepartment authorizes the following sta t enent :

.>Over 100,000 prints of aerial photographs had to be turned out in four days

y the aerial photographic force of the Air Service during the recent offensivest of Verdun and in the Argonne re~on, according to an overaeas report just

eceived here. The aerial negatives had originally been made by French squadrons~.per~ting over the sector, but the productio~ 0 f prints on the large sc~leJ_ecessaryhad bee~ left to the ft~erican serv~oe. As ~he offens~~ w~s 1n the~.atureof a surpr~se, all the preparatory work. especlally the brln~ng up of,.erican air'squadrons, had to be concealed up to the last minute.

I, The American photographic force was brought together and travelled all nightto headquarters, arri ving at 9 A .l~:• By 10'0' clock a laborat ory had been im ..pro~sed in the shed of a brewery, and the tJrinting was actually in progress,

lng the first night. with cost limited facilities. 3000 prints were made, and~er a record of 9000 prints in 16 hours for a single photographic section

CITAlrION5-i

-Photographic sections will tram now on be subjected to work under extr .. ely.'tic\llt conditions. The area over which the advances are made is usually.',rely torn up by the arti 11ery and no shelter of any kind i. available,

_>ortation faci 11ties are limited, barracks extremely ecUC'8, and photograph-Nettons often left to shift for themselves. The ingenuity and push ot the

nograptic otticer is "taxed~to the limit."

':',bliehed. the latt~r made possible only by carrying all the water in buckets1. a considerable d~stance.

DUing theciffensive the adv.ance. o~th~ troo~s wa~ 60 rapid that nearly, the pla.nes and observers were oc cupaed an mak1.ng vlsual observations and

lating artillery fire. Aerial photographs. however, were made by thenican !~rces of the results of heavy artillery lire, and proved ~ery valuable,pllotographic mission &lso was sent out along the Meuse to asc::ertain if reports~ correct that all the bridges were down, The results were so good that the-ct ftLIDberot troops, truoks, and even machine gun cClDpanies in movement at-t hour was asaertai ned.

Valuable leasons were learned in this lar~est operation ot the photographiceUon yet carried out overseas.

-All of this work", the report says, "was done under the crudest possible.Ulon., and the results speak very highly tor the quality of our men, their

',litr, resourcefulness and endurance, tor there was very little sleep tor.ne during those four days, but the men all realized the importance of their

w•• d toot particular pride in it."

'J

ri.'

/05966-7-

5ect~ol1A .

Releaeed for morning papers. Tuesday, November 19, 1918, and thereafter.

The Commanderin Chief of the American Expeditionary Force. in the Daae ofPresident. has awarded the dist n 's d service cross to e following Daaed

fleers and Itldlers for the acts of extraor et forth after their":

r1rst Lieutenant Frank Baer, as S.R.C., Pilot, 103rd Aero Pursuit Squadron, •. • the following repe.ated acts of extraordinary heroism in action five, April 12. 23. May8 and 21, 1918, Lieutenant Baer is awarded a bronze oak leaf to .worn on the distinguished service crOBS awarded him April 12, 1918•• enant Baar brought down enemy planes on April 5. April 12 and on April 28,

:' 011 May 191P he destroyed two Germanmachines and on May 21. he C8stroyed. Mb enemy plane.";'.. Next of kin: Mrs. »nma B'. Dyer. mother, 1304 Maud 5:treet, Fort Wayne•.....' J'ir.t Lieut. Wallace ':;oleman, Pilot, Observation Group, 4th Corps, "For'IOrdinary heroism in action near Jaulny, France, September 12-13, 1918. On

: taber 12. Lieutenant Coleman, with Second Lieut. William Belzer, obaerver.. ,1, on an artillery surveillance mission, was attacked by an enemy plane. The, ,. , ,

-8- 05966

wdted until the enemy ~as ut clo~~ ran2e~ fired fifty rou~ds directly into thevital parts of the macha r.e , when "(,I',e machi ne was seen to da aappear out of control.The next day Lieutenants Belze~ and Coleman,wh~le. on ~ reconnaissance misa10nere attaeked by seven enemy aa r-cr-a rt , They unl1esltahngly opened fire, but

:.ming to thai r guns beimg j arnrned, were forced to withdraw to our lines, where,):Baring the jam, they returned to finish the mission. Theiir guns again jammed,'d th~' were driven back by a large patrol of enemy planes. After skilltul

.anoeuvering they succeeded in putting une gun into use and r.eturned a thirdtime only to be driven back. Undaunted, they returned the fourth time andacc~pliShed their mission, tran8ll1i tting valuable information t~ the infantry

• t"headquar er s ,Heme address: R. B. Coleman, father 1625 Boyd Avenue, Racine, Wisconsin.

Second Lieut. Willigm Belzer, Observer, Observation Group, 4th Corps. "ForIxtraordinary heroism in action near Jaulny, France, Septemlter 12-13, 1918. OnSeptember 12, Lieutenant Belser, with 1st Lieutenant Wallace Coleman, Pilot, whileon an artillery surveillance mis si on , was attacked by an enemy plane. Theywdted until the enemy was at close range, fired fifty rounds directly into therital parts ot the machine, when the machine was seen to disappear out of control.1'he next day Lieutenants Belzer and Colemu, while On a reconnaissance mission,were attacked by seven eaamy air~raft. They unhesitatingly opened fire, but,ewing to their guns being jammed, were forced to rithc:trqw to our lines, where,olearing t~e jam, they returned to fin! sh the miss! on. Their guns again j8DIDednd they were driven back by a large patrol of enemy planes. After skillful

.anoeuvering, they succe eded in putting one gun into use and returned a thirdtime, only to be driven back. Undaunted. they returned the fourth time andaccClllplished thetr mission, transmitting valuable information to InfantryHeadquuters ."

Home address: Frank g~ Belzer, Glasgo., Montana.

First Lieut. William Duckstein, Pilot, First Aero Squadron. "For extra ..ordinary heroi6ID in action between Montrebaau and Exermont, France. September 29.1918. While on a special cpmmand reconnaissance to ascertain whether or notthere wa'~y conceDtration of enemy troops between Montrebeau and Exermont,which might indicate a possible counter-attack, this officer obtained informatioaot the very greatest value. Flying over the enemy's at an alti tude of less thaD"200metres, in spite of most unfavorable atmospheric codi tions, in the presence,of n\llleroU8 enemy aircraft, and under continuous heavy ritle and machine gunfire tram the ground, Lieutenant Duckstein spotted enemy troops massed foroW1ter-at tack, and, although sever ly wounded by a machine gun bullet frem theround, continued his mission until he had clearly and aCCURAtely located theosition. He then returned, and, though suffering rraD. the pain of his"!WoWJd,IlCceeding in writing out and dropping a clear and complete message. The counter-

attack, la~ched shortly afterward by a Cresh enemy di_ision was, crushed, and\9 accurate and timely information brought back by Lieutenant Duckstein afterI nry gallant flight under highly adverse conditions, was of the greatestlaportance in this success."

Homeaddress: Mrs. A. W. Duckstein, wife, Wardman Courts. west,Ilehington, D. C.

First Lieut. Alan Nutt, (deceased), Pilot, 94th Aero Squadron,- "Forextraordinary heroiam in action near Porges, France, September 26. 1918. While OIla patrol Lieutenant Nutt encountered and unhesitatingly attacked eight FokkerPlal'll~. After a few minutes of severe fighting, during which he cl:isplayedlDdamltable courage and determination, this officer shot down one of the enemy'~eB. Totally surrounded, outnumbered, and without a thought of e.cape. he

-9- 05966

continued the 'attack until he was shot down in flumes near Drillancourt."Next of kin:. Robert H. Nutt, Cliffside, New Jersey •

. Second Lieut. Percival G. Hart, 135th i\-ero Squadron, -"F<lr extraordinary'sm in action during the battle of the St. Mihiel, salient, September 12-13,.e~:~On september 12, he made t~ree infantry lia~_son pat rc Ls and. obtaine?

~le information of the locat~on of our advanc~ng 1~nej wh~ch ~nformat10n; conveyed to organiz.ation commanders. Bad weather conditions necessitatedI~ying at a very low altitude, but, in spite of this and repeated attacks~ superior numbers of enemy aircraft, he drove them off by his accurate fire,

d accomplished ,his mission. On September 13, he unhesitatingly went to the::sistance of three Allied ~lanes which were being attacked by a large patrolof the enemy and by his steady fire drOve off the eneny patrol and enabledth. three Allied planes to return."

Homeaddress: D. M. Hart, father, Chicago, ~llinois.

'1"beWar Department aunhor-i aae the following;-

At Ellington Field, Houston, Texas, a crew consisting of four privatesnd two non-commissioned officers, uncrated and assembled an airplane in three

;ours and fifty minutes. This included the time cons~ed in hauling theboxes full of parts from the freight yard to the hangar, unloading and unpack-ing the boxes, assembling the airplane in every detail ready tor flight, am

.taking the empty boxes back to the freight yard It

The winning crew was not made up of picked men but one of fourteenselected at random frQ'll Sqllladron quartered at EllingtOn Field which wereunloading and assembling a new shipment of planes received from the factories.The time ttt the sloweat teCllIlwas five hours and nine minutes.

At another field recently a crew of experts consisting of twelve non-COIIImisfEi.onedof ficers did thi s same work in three hours and eight minutes, butthey were especially selected men and twice as many in. mmber.

The trial flight of the !irst hoeric .. b~ ~.ndley-Pag. ~ waewitnessed last Friday by President and Mra. Wilson, Secretary of War Baker.r , John D. Ryan, Colonel Arthur Woods, Assistant Director of Military

Aeronautics and a crowd of fi va thousand spec tators. The event took placeat the polo field in Potomac Park in the early part of the afternoon.

The airplane was piloted by Captain E. B . Waller of the Royal BritishAir Forces. Pri or to the fli ght Oaptain Waller shook hand s with the Presidentwho expressed an interest in his car.er. To emphasize the sixe of the biplanean ordinary plane was parked beneath each of its broad wings.

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'iihh DEF i-.RTiiiEr;TAlr Service

'ij r~;. ~~~ o.: o " :~:l..~j.~ .tr] i». 'O.l~dit::.CS

':!3.ahin.~ton, ::,.c.

LY NE"'.'S LETTER- ....nr~K EiJnI ~n s YI~'RnAY, rJO\'~:EER23, 191&

1'. John D. Ryall, Director of Air Service, and Assistant Secretary :If ':!ar,. has-"\ a ..statement commending the formation of the Air Service Clubs' Association,bership campaign in behalf of wha ch is being conducted by the ofticers ot

".rganization. rl'r. Ryan '!!E..S one of ihe first to join the Aasociation and;,~en eleeted Chainnan of the BOa.r,; of Control. :';r. Ry,ur!s st a...tane:1t so.ys: [..,/'~.,

"THE AIR SER'JICECi"U9S' ASSOCIATIOn pranises to accanplish much forthe Air Service and s1:ould bring the iJf:;rsonnel of tr.e Service into closer

, ro1*tionship, profession&lly and ~ocially.

Opportunities are offcred munbers'th~ough local Clubs in the Unitedstates and through tl.e co-uper-ata on of the associa'tion "lith l.ir ServiceGrgllidzaUons in other countries that should result in great be,~efit tothe members, and ! believe ~ill result in a permanent Assoc~tion otlIternational scope. w.u ch ! const der to be highly desirable."

aDe L,.W.F.'5, 'which have been used as training planes left Kell, Field,week bound for Siberia where they will be used by the Czecho-Slovak forces:tUas agains:t the Bolsheviki t

, Lieutenant W1llilill T. Csmpbell, Assistant Otfieer in Charge'neld recently made 102 consecutive loops f'rCllla heighth of

'.CITA'T'TONS,

rAir Service

of F17ing atten thousa.m

rThe Commanderin Chief e name ot .the PreSident, has awarded the

t shed servo the following named officers and soldiers forextraordinary heroism set forth after their names:

, Col. (Brig. ~en.) William Mitehell, Chief of Air Service, First Army. -, repeated acts of extraordinary heroism in action at Hoyon, France, M~rch 26,t near the Marne Ri ver, France, during July 1918, and in the st. ~uniel

',bt, France, September 12-16, 1~18. 'For displaying bravery f'ar beyond thatir.d by his position as Chief of Air Service, FiTst Army. American_~1tionary Forces, setting a personal example to the U.S. Aviation by piloting, a1rplane over the battle lines since the entry of' the United States into the't SCIIleinstances being a fli6ht in a monoplane over the battle of' Noyon on'ob 2&, 1918, and t the baik areas, sel3inb and reporting upon the action of both'and ground troops, 'vhich led to a change in our aviation's tactical methods.

~\night in a monoplane over tr.e bridges which the Genr,e.nshad laid across theMarneduring July, lS18, which led to the first definite reports of the

.'

I .1_ .....08997

. • J •

iocation of thene bridg( and the subsequent attack upon (.10 Gonnan troops byou~ Air ?0rces~ Daily reConnaissancBa over the lines during the battle ~iSt. ).:ihi91 Se:.liont, September 12. to 16, securing valuable information of theenemy tro cps in the air and on the ground, which led to the excellent combin edacti on by the allied air services and ground trocpo particularly in thin battle ,"

U~jor P~ul Annengaud, French Army. a::.;sistantChief of Staff, Air Service,First Il.rr:JY. - "For extraordinary he roi en in action near st. Mihiel, France, .

• Sept. l2-l6~ 1918. Major Paul Arm engaud , French Army, while acting as assist~tChief of Staff, Air Service, First Army, displayed great bravery much beyond

• that required by his position while acting as observer in an airplane. Each dayof the battle in the st, Mihiel Salient he flew over the hostile lines throughour own and the enemy's artillery and machine gun fire, observing the enemy airand ground activity and the disposition of our own Air Forces, thereby bringingback valu~ble information as to the enemy's dispositions and probable intentionswhich materially aided in our subsequent operations."

.....B~ginning Friday, November 22d, Anny planes from flying fields in variousparts of the United States, will atart a series of cross-country flights to citiesin their sectors to chart air lines, make air maps and gather valuable airstatistics. Incidentally they \'1ill locate Sitesfor landing fields and airdromes;the landing fields to become part of a great chain that soon will "air link"every important corrmunity in the'country from coast to coast; the airdromes inaddition to offering shelter to visiting flyers to be made available if neededin helping to house the equtpment the Air Service will bring back from 07erseaSr

This reconnaissance work wi 11 be gradually extended as fast as arrangements canbe made, .

Ar- iwpontant part of this work by the Air Service is bringing up to datethe records started years ago by the cavalry, which by cross cnuntry rides m~de

.extensive maps for future emergenu2es, showing all available shelter, batterylocations, good r.oad s, bad roads, fords, safe bridges, poor and plentiful

• sources of wat.e r and food suppli-es.

Then the C~valry was the eyes of the Army. Today the airplane takes thecavalry's pLac s, and to operate successfully in the 'air, squadron. c ommander smust know their sky routes as cavalry leaders knew the turnpikes and high~ays,As the hor serian needed water and fo:cuge,'so the air pilots use g s,s, oil andlanding fields. Without landing' fields under him and without chartered landsthrough the sky, the flyer today is just as ~uch up against it as the pathfi~derof colonial iimes blazing a trail through a tr~ckless forest.,

The flyers who start this air map makingc~paign Friday are combat pilotstrained in the United States for fighting o~erseas and whose battle training has,by the &lmistice, been turned to account in preparing for the t~es of peace.

Eajor General Kenly. Director. of Miii tary Aeronautics, has placed in ch argeof this Lm.r.e.ns e r-e con caissance work, Colonel ~,;.F. Davis, head of the TrainingSection and an army officer who saw his first field s errvice on the plains withthe Fir st and ?ourth Cavalry, and who has ridden horseback all three historictrails across the continent - the Lewis 6nd Clark, Oregon and Santa Fe.

A.S.C.5~ Permanent.

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. ODeof the aims of the Aj;r Service Clubs' Association is to retain on itsroll. all members w~o ~eav~ 'the 3ernce an goOd stQllding. In fact, a prim.,.object ot the ASSOCl.~tl.O?1S to Keep the personnel of the Air Services in closeo~ after the ~e~l.nat10n ot,the ~ar, fostering keen and active interest in1 fOnDS of ml 11tary aer-onaut aca , 'lhe members who pass into civil life. there-or'. rill continue as active members in full standing.

The average rating ot the officers at Kelly Field was 60 .ao/c • E:ilghtyto. officers on duty at Headquarters lead with an average rat~ng ot 60.3 o/c.

"Every non- r 1ying 0 fficer at~ould be given an 0ilportuni ty to canplete hi sflying ttaining whether class 1 or 2".

The following instructions were sent by wire tTam the ottice of ~ajorQeD.tal Kenly to all fields, Callpe, barracks, ctdpot8, etc. in the Diu.i.on 01

1itary Aeronautics:

"All cadet.s now in training at Air Service flying and ground schools will" given option 01 immediate discharge without commission or campletingtheir

ning. Those who continue will, upon canpletion of training, both primary'!dvaa;ed, be immediately discharged and sent to their homes but will receive

• due course ccxmnis 51ons as sec ond li eutenants in the Officers' Reserve Cot'p$ fDa: \&ttl cad.t now in training ",ho was transferred trem -the Student AnnY'lr.ainiD8COr~/ . :

retransferred to the Students Army Traini:lg Corps if he so requests, provided• r.turns to college immediately. No further commissions will be iesued at

l»lels and no cadet will be continued upon active dut.y after he has cCIDpletedIdl entire traiirlng.

"If any officers desire seuaration from the service and if their servicescan be spared, forward their names to this office for proper cons ideration." ')

In addition" orders nave been issued for the closing of the flying field.t (Selfridge), Mt. Clemens, Mich., (Chanute) Rantoul and {Scott)&elleville.

Illinois. Orders nave also been. issued for the nbandorment of the Air Service.Mechanics School at st. PaW.. Candidates for cODlDissions at balloon schooletill be discharged and conmissioned in the Officers' Reser .... C9rpS as rapidlyal they ccrnplete the1.r course of instruction. '

Circular10. 7S.

DISCHARGE

"TAR DEPARTMENT.Washingtyn. November 20,

01i' OFFICERS. V1918.

1. The President has dotermined, under the provisions of section 9. act. ot Congress approved May 18, 1917, that the public service will be pranated bythe discharge, as rapidly as their services can be spared. ot officers in Ths9nited States Army, except those h~lding commissions of any kino in the RegularArmy

08997

2. Department cemmarder s , commanders'of c;:eps not under the jurisdictioAor department canmanders or of chietrs of bureaus of the' War'Department. 0..... 114111'.or ports of E!I1barkati.on. all chief s of staU corp. and department •• inclwlillg\h. Chief of Fi aId Artillery aDd the Chie f of Coast Artillery, are authoril.d.~ directed to discharge such officers of the line and .taft a8 are under their'otP&rxl as rapidly as circ\JDstances permit,

3,' All separations r.rCID the service will be by discharge a.' authorisedbJ law; tenders of resignation will not be received nor con8id.red, ~uchdiScharges will be a complete separation of the individWll trOll the ll111tiarJ.. mee and will terminate ail commi88ion8 held by hila in the Otficer.' ReMneCorpsor otherwi se. All officers 8hould be so informed and should &110 1M ill-'ollled that, while they are given opportunity to, expre .. their d•• ire8 r.1aU.eto cCIIIIDisdon in the Reserve Corps or the Regular A..." the granting ot sucho_ll1ons will be entirely dependent upon their tit.ss, el1g1b1l1t1 aDd .uch_aneies as may be provided by existing or future laws and ,resu1at101l8., 4. Orders received directing the reduotion of the enlisted etrensth of a~d will be construed as requiring a,colT.spon41ng reeructioll ot ~e.o.d ';f!~nrength in the manner provid.dby these instruction., ror th. purpO" 01:<'...t.rmining the order ot discharge, otticers will be U'1'8Ilg'cl into the toUew1ac '.L;:1',1aese. and discharged in this order:.

Firlt,

Second,

• - -- __ ._~ ,..:0-- ~ ._, •.

u.;\ .,''.ot fic~rs desiring appointment t if opponUDity pel'lli"" la."RegUlar Army and whCID cOlllllandingotficers rec~end fOl'.... ',appointment. '

Third,

5. The following officers will not be discharged UDdtr P"rift ... .,hll. instructi6ns~ ..'

!. OUicers holding commissions in the RegUlar AMy. either ." ua..;active list or ret1recl list. ':" '

~. Officers in arrest, under charges, or .e"ing eente .. ot a .I'II,alcourt-martial . . ,y':;,' ... . :... ".':.,' ....,

£. Officers having had money or property account&biUtr ad who , . "',. .not a clearance therefor.

,2. OUicers on sick report or in ho'spita! •.!. OCficers who for exceptional reallOnse~ ,not be spa.... or wh_.,

opinion of the commanding ofricer,s~ould not be discharced at .time. . .. .

,ficers of classes b • .s'. s. and,2- may be discharged.eIl no 1"'1"111 the,&tUB stated. -

6. For each orricer discharged under the .. inst1"\lction8 then will ..repared and forwarded eto The Adjutant General ot the Ana1 8uch reco ..el ' '~'::reacribed in' Circular No. 73, War Department, 1918. In additiOll ~o ~he rec 1<'~;ird reports r.equired therein a report of discharge on '0 III l5().Cl'&!tG8 will M , . 'r:,

lent separately by tegistered mail to The Adjutant General ot the AftiI. ACOPIf this form is being distributed. It will be rePJ'O~uced locallyln~uttici.'\IllntitJ to meet all requirements and will b.. cCllpleted in all reepect8 befo ...Onrarding.

-5-',' • ~ .: I •

05997

7. In addition to the r~ports .. quir.ed by Circular ~•• ?Iab'.b1 paragraph 6 of t.he se instructions, a telegraphic report will be sent dailyto. the Adjutant General of the ~nny ,Atention Room325, giving the followinginfamnation: The number ot offlcer~ of each a~ or corps by grades discha~gedi,bat day under provisions of thi s clrcular. Also a list, giving the full name,ru*. organization. anD, staff corps or department of each officer dischargedtlJat day, will be sent daily by registered mail to The Adjutant General of theAltAyA.ttention Commisstoned Personnel Branch.

'S. The {o-Uowing fonn of order will be used 1n discharging officers wider_~e8etn8tructions:

"By direction of the President, and under the provisions of Section ~,let of Congress, May 18, 1917, and Circular No. 75, War Department, 1918, CaptainJolla 'Doe, Infantry, is honorably discharged fran the servJ.ce of the United. tai's, for the convenience of the governnent, to take effect this date, his

.rrices being no longer required."

9. It is' the intention to issue Reserve Cor,ps canmissions in general'to01' officers who have served with credit to themselves during the war and wholire such commissions. Care should be exercised therefore in the entriee 8D4

eI_endatiobs on Form 150-CPB-GS to insure justice to the indiVidual aDd to• Goverl'lD8IIt. In case they desire to do 10 appUcante for cClllDi•• ion in tM.. rve COrpl, or Regular Army will be permitted to append to Farm 150-CPB-GS

opiee of le~ers frCIIImilitary superiors .etting forth specially meritori~UI,"ice or ac~ion. . , .

10. In connectio-n. with these discharges atten~ion is cU:i'ect~4to thellowing~. a.. Section 9, act of "':ay 18, 19~7, (See page 11, Bulletin No. 32,

., Department, 1917).,R, Sixth paragraph, Section 37, act of JWte 3', 1916. (See page

Special Regulations No. 43).c • Act of March 2, 1901, relative to travel allowances" (See- . .. '"graph 684, Military Laws or -the United States, 1915). ",

.' A. Act of March 30, 1918, relative to ~~etoralion of 'enli.ted lieDtonDer grades, (See section ,V, Bulletin No. 22, War De}lartmeat, 1918) •

.I. M_orarid\ID of Judge Advocate' General, Augu.t 30. 191', (.See&graphs3, 4~d 5, page 22, Bulletin KG. 72, lTIarDepar'tment, 1917).

1, OPinion of the Judge Advocate Geural, 2.141.5,Karcb 30, 1918.St. page 23~ Digest of Opinions, JAallch, 1918).

\,1, PrClllpt cClIDpliance with instructions ,contained here1a ie directed.(210.8, A.G.O.)

By order of the Secretary of War:

','

ticial:P. C. HARRIS,

The Adjutant General.

~'I. \,

PEYTONC. MARCH,General, Chief of staff.

,\\:

.."

The manllqr ;i.n which offioers of the J.1r Service reslJonding to tl.~•• bership cqIIlpilign, now, beine; ~~nducted by the Air Service Giuhat !zs8.. iation,.sr be judge4 ~1,the a~t~on or ih! cQmmiss10ned personnel ot the Air Service

. ArIIorer8"Sch.~1. at F~J.rtield. Ohll.o. The CClllll1anding Ofticer appointedLi.utenant George H. (..ox, to ~ treasurer of a MElDbershipCfalnittee. AjJ are8ult ot their activi tii.Sf forty one l1!emberswere enrOlled in the Association •

•

The. resign_tion of Nr, rohn D. Ryan1as Second Assistant Secretary pI WaraDd Director 9.~Air Service has b~~n announced. ~r. Ry~. who as President otthe Aaaconda c.,awer COIIpant has, been prOl!linently identified in the financial~orld will r8~' his pr~v~~e ~1'a1'ru. In the interim until a SUCOepsor1~cIIo8enMr. Wt "~~ Petter will act as Director of Air Service. I'

~:

,r,-Ryan'. \.,~~ ot re~~gnat~on and Sec', dt vtlUt Baker'lt acceptance reada. ttllcsws. " . .

I

November 21, 1918..

Dear IIr. Secretary.

~th the signing of the Armistice and the con~equent reduc~Qnla the progr~ 91 Aircrattfroduction. I believe my work here has beC:CIJ1e'relatively unjaportant. J have not taken over the actual direction of

, II1litary ~erQ"autics and ~y connection with it hae not made any reai C;!lang,in Us operati9n~. .

I feel strongly, that now the war is over, my duty lies in theline of my fonner wOJrk~ Labor and ind\,lstry of the country must be q\licJt).yadjusted trom a war to a peace basis, and the cepper- production is tDe Qt theaut vital to the country's weltare. I believe 1 can do much in het-ping' t~bring about stable condit~ons. and that I Mould take up the work immediately.

f ,~ '. .

1 therefore r~si~ as 2nd Assistant Secretary of ryar and ~ector,If Air Service, to take ,tract as soon", 'conveni.nt to you.

I desire tp express to you my sinc~re gratitude for the Oppor-tWlity given lIle to serve in .the war. I have had at your hands the greatelJtassistance and epcouragElllent in all the work I have had to do. I shall a1.ay.priM the assp~iation wi tit you and wi. th the War Department.

"

Sincerely yours,

(Signed) /ohn D. Ryan.

""ar.•

.... '.. ,...;,

----- ------ -~------,._---

........ --

\~,;';1-' .:,~"..,:'. . .\,.. ..-7- . OS991

.., ".PAr. Ryan:

I have just received your letter of November21 RealiEing~ ••" great ~p07tance of the production and di8trib~tion ~i topper in the~"abli.hlant ot our national civilian industry., and your owa i1timate.rtlation to this great busines\s~ I reluctantly acquiesce in Y0i." .'esire toreturD to it and. to terminate your relations as Second Assiriant ~,cretary ot

.... and Director ot Air Servio e •

Your unfailing courtesy has been a source of great personal~~DI'S to me, and your services to the country as Director of .tir Service~ .. been consp1cuOusi the sense of sureness and executive effici~cy which'our &d.ent contributed to the Air Service made trom the first a mQ,ked

ro... nt in the entire prospect, The armistice of course has in~t'rruptedtilt constructive developn:oent.of that &reat program. It ha4. however, advanced1IIJOIlCl the experimental stages. and .,en in 80 new an art as the air servicea.trica' 8 contribution within a year and a halt was substantial and w3uld. in.lbert time. have been determinati ve ,

, I shall set your own judgment as to the most appropriate time tortill t.ermination ot your ottice. expreuing only the hORSthat you will continue

'1 the plans tor contract cancellati'on and demobil1aation are sufficiently-...cl to allow those .. are to carry them out to have detin1 te and fixed

1p18' tor their gu1dance~•

Cordially yours.

Newton D. Baker.

Secretary ot War.

able John D. Ryan.")ond A.ssistant Secretary ot \tar.

-----_ ..- - ~-_.

I

\

\

!i

..,~.~~~ ':.'~"l '...,..

1j..

,/\'i J\ J)1!~P!;P:i1iJ,E"r'!i~ir S0rvice

Div:l.i:lion of MiJ.i'tory' j,tlrQ{le,U~~,cfdV'Cl.cihii1t~t011, n.c •

.fit the time tLe.-o:n:istic8 ',vac" signed concr-ac t s had boon signed for themanutac t ur-e of 95 I 99~ Ql,l'plr"nu mo-c'ors,f' whir:h number 31;,814 had been e.ctuallyn anuf'ac t.ur-ed , Gf th t s manoe r 15,131 were Li')()r'",y mot or-s , In October 5,603mot or s were turned out ''Ii t.h a c orrt anp Iut.ed pl'odu{"~ion of 8 ,OCO in January, 1919::..tnc 10,000 c: month for~'lle following f our rn ojrt h s , In addi t i on to this, 12.000a i.r'p Lane s and sev sn nundr od kite ba.Ll.o ons wer e mr.nuf ac t ur ed ,

These fi,>:,;u'res and ot nnr s as interesti.ng in connection 'vi th the productionof aircrdi wer-e rcad o pub.l ic :-.t an Gxhibi~ion of a i rp Lane material held in t.hest,tte.1flJu.r and Navy~)ui':'diilg. WashLlgton, on l"ovem.Jer 28 before i:lecrotary ofWar Bc.ker and Q gat-heriaL: of .rewspap e r men ,

A Deliava Land Four b omh.inv plene ',~'~~,&usect as a tr,or1el to illustrate ,.thestrides made it, u3roPHui;ics. Uf~icjah} who ~,~ljoLe .i~O the [,athering dec-Lar-ed thatthe machine shown VJd~: 'typ'i cul. of more -chan five hundr-ed whi ch wer-e awa'i t.Lng ship-ment overseas whe n tLe < .... rm.i s t Lce W:JC" s:i_€)1ect. '.clio 8tutement '1m\:) a.I so made that38,000 o f t.l.e 'Lnle of 11arUn mac lu ue \U1': mourrtso on the De HG,viland had beenproduced in tl':o pa,'t t.woLve .nont hn .in c.,!'di+,ion to :lO,OOO of t;1(,) Lew i s type.

The nan-es of th0 COl1CClrnGengaged in the manufacture 0 f Li berty enginesand '~he nunber- pr oduc ed by each ,/Vere anno unc cd , TLe Pac l.ar-d Motor Car Co made61000. the Lincoln 1'1oto::'8 COTnl,any, 6 ,oce. Ford b;otor Company, :'J ,000;, Nordyke and!VJalIDan 3)000; Oener a., ii',otors Corporation'/ Euick and (;&(F1Ltc companies, 2000each and the '::'rego t10tors COl'poreJ.tion. 50u.

On t.he sub j act of spruce and .Linen some .izrt e r-est.i.ng s t.at.emerrt s were made.It w as said that to th'3(;l\i ted stu:.:.es fel). the task of supp Iya ng the spruce fortho ae r-onaut.i caL tro(';ram:ne of tllS AJ.lios as well as j t I G own. In October ofLar t year 5,000,000 lee';; a morrth W"W demanded "/Lile t.he r-ax.irnurn production onlyto-Galed 2~500,OOO f e et, In tho s ame month of -:~his y ear the r-cquc.r ement.s were20)000,000 feet a month which was nie t with a pr-o duc t.Lon of 25,OOCl,OOO. To,~)'.~ocure -i;his amourrt of fj~):"Uce 3U,000 men were employed in -~he l1orthwest. Tosupply sufficient qU8i1t:\.ty cutton fC'.b:d,c as a subs t.i tut.e for Irish linen, 2,500looms were n-anuf'ac t ur-Lng 1,200.('0(\ yards a morrth wl.en the anni'stice was signed.Up to that ('at" more than ::'3,000,00(1 ;rards of fabric had been delivered to the«ove rrsne rrt •

Of'f rca e.Ls of t:tle 1,jr Service ,;Jubs' l~ssoc;i..b,tj,on ,"'.:~i; ur gi.ng every officer int ne id,l' Service to become members of this or-gamz e.t.i on pith a view of ke epi nr;up the a nt er e st in t ne avia t.i on of peace times al11it~1kinf"; s l0ading part in thefuture d eve Lopment of nil:.tarr uer ona-rt.i c s .

The offici".ls ar e pointing out to o I'f i.c e r-. ill tl,e Ge:"liice t l.a't t!1ey are thepioneers in this mode of VJ8rf"re and as uuch shcu rd ;;o;,tLlU8 '00 ue prominentlyidentified wi ih tr:e eube equent growth of this branch of t:',3 arm}. In no 0tiler"ray c an this he better a ccornpLished; in tl:3 o;:'in1on of the organ~,zl3rS of th~Association, t.han thro'<,l')1 tll-3 med.itzn of e. c Lub ,

Of~icers are be i n.; appo i rrt.ed in 'Jvely field in the United states and abroadto ti,;,ke char-ge of a member slri.p oampai gn and already '"he enr-oLhnen t cards areboing received at the IJeadquarters in Washington. It is planned to react th~of f i.c er s inc:Ji v.i dua.l Ly in order to di.scus s with vh em l,he var-a ous points in~onnectjon with Association.

061034

'r:e ~;. S'- liau!'e.t~11iEL IH!.:j.led from L:. ver-po oL l:1:t t: "P.M. on tdov8mb('r 215 fOl'1':81" Ycrk , with cGhe:'o11o',dng tl'OOLJt;;

,.330th /;81'0 f.jc,uadron:;£"7th II 11

5th GO,lf:.trt'c'don Co.: ,\1.1' Ser'l!'ic8309th ~ero Sqv~dron167th Aero SquadronIt"7th" II'

?25th" ."226th" II

267th" If

308th II "Z05th II ";116th II "310th II I"

~21st Ir "216th 11 "2681,}- " "Ra,di 0 1)etachPlsnt325th ~'.erO SC;\,1acJc:,on319th " II

331ct " II

1.88th 11 n

156th 11 It

31hh II n

333rd II \I

228th 1I "::t39th " 11'

CasualsCc..13uCjls i ed ck awl r.oundadG:..sualsFedi 0'),1 Detachment

Total

Ol'?ic8rs i.',:1J.i s'ssd Men

2 " ~n.i~'/:'

;; 1.1£::J 2;:,~~'-;' 12C-.J

2 1693 15G2 BIt4 l'763 H55 1422 1733 1282 1663 13'73 ~.912 1101 11~.,.,;

" US;."3 1312 11.eIi. 1.30') 156..'2 1;~:33 1"'",:J I

3 1364 :~28

76 18 1071 49 18Iss 3834

0.,..de1'8 have be en iSS11,sd to 3J.1 Comr'1"'."lding ()fficers of fields to p Lac e cade~non r..l,r;nla.." sf'c,.,t.u'S a s Gnl~ s t.e d '.°0.... unde r par .....r a: h 1 Q4.').l. j'r"'1'r 0ACTU' ~'+;on° "'11;C"'1- .;,J., ,.J .... .. .- .,; _.u .. ~..~ U, . '''' J:JU c',S t..:.) _~'V ...u~; '1 u J' .1.\. .... ,::--::' .... ,.1,. ....~ P, ..., ~ t.

Lnrur eo there. ~;O/(, 7.l1c:'ease, paymerrt of 1!b.sh lied be an :n.u:::}Jended pending c.ct a on 0:1the bill bef or e CO:12;rof,s, C1l1t!lori ;~Llb ':,hem ~75 pOO u morrt.h,

TJ"esl.:; cadets "'ib. now Le c.ntitlu6. to rQCOiV8 t)4S .50 L~.3r .norrth dns t ead of tlwC~3.00 8.G First Glus3 Privates.

To td,e pa-t in ,'11 ;eric,l ba ti.Le in ':'hi(;h'J'I:,. Feno j:'o'l(;k~ the f,mous Frenchac e wan also .:~}al'~.icipc,.llt, is an honoz- to any .vvi.at.o r , but to n..ve tLe goodfortune to bl'i':l~~ d own a hun pLane "'hid'. ths Yl',:mch z.ce lrim ..301f l?,'af; anxi ous todern oLish is c, wLill 1jre,ctol"1-::complisLn8nt. ri.ll~.S 'sood fOrCL'.lJfJ f:;11 to Lt. Park I'..fo ne s , of tile 3jth Acro ;ycjt'.ad'.'on who L1S jU;3t r0tuY'l1GC' t'J ;1::.8 1'lOCSat 50 V st't'.r:'J.:Jhin,~tonl D. C. "lfter riear Ly a ::re.t'.rs s6:''Tice in I'r ano e ,

Lkfore tlle vrar , Lt . J'one s ':TiU: enZei.',.ed in a mor-e or less blrOsetic task of'~:..ub},if;l':in,;, Fe cl.r aa tl:e l,lr ;)3n:ic8, b3C2..USC as ;10 described iti "it looked

J.L;e ~l soft c i.nc h" and "1;:,8 Ba\1'C '~o'.'-roUl'ld i:'cl:ool at C01'11811. university, ICo110l',L1i;;-tL'3 cOll)\.etion of his tl',ininr; at S8li":'id::;e Ti'ield. L:t, C}.emer-ls. kich.) and(:erstl1er 'i:"ie:,.c1, L').Le (;;:.1:.'1(;8 I La" ~,t. JO;188 1'?:: sent to Fl'i.nce. lie aub se querrt Ly':':,;'3 ,:Ll)licinto0 lt1sttuctor at the 'LC::Co8 clviei.tiol1 field ,t I s scudun ,

-3- 081034liE! waG af;;aigr.:Jd to duty at thi3 fnmt.. fl(H,cr.ib.Ln~ hie OX9~1"iancQ with

Lt. fl10nck he 'said: ltJUf't about dusk one ove ai ng d'lring the la~:.t€l:':' P,ll't of .J\.U18,four French aviators anr' myself f Lew OVGr tho Ll1e in fo 'ITJcitiO:l,J"t. Fonc k incommand. We were 1'1yin/"; 8:t. a h8it~ht o. auo ut 3()OOmeve r s a sh or t d i stiance beyondour Li.ne , whe n W'J enCO'\;ltr~:cerl an ~;ll)al number oI';err'lctn iokxr r-s , rCleymt up e.g.rne fi -,;ht - one of the p:.lots :i.n )nrticulE\.r. Lt. Fu nck maneuver-ed around him,I being a short. dj s t.anc e aleu d , SucdtJnly the i-lunoilnt :lpp1rently r01l1izingthat he waG up agaa ns t 3.11 '~xtra skillf1l1 opponent, darted in my di.r-eo t i on , Ashe sped past me I was able to eo Lash h i.m 'Ji th me.ch.i ne gun bu.I Ie't s and he fell toearth."

Lt. Jones spoke in glowing terms of the work U"u:ti was being accomplishedat the training fields in Fr ano e when tha war ended. he said tLat tb~ errthusa a smof the American boys ria:.' unbounde d ,

1st Lieut. Larry t..• Schlotzhauer of Terre Hau t e , Ind<t who has just returnedfrom o'ver-aaa.s , described an air ie r-ry operated by the Pr:i.tii3h, over the channel for

\their roturning ferl~Y ;):iilJts. -sve:~y day a number of oLancs are delivered from~England to France via the air ann it :i.s ne ce s sar-y to get the f er-r v pilots, a.s theyare called, buck hom e as Goon ad pos s.LbLe , '1'0 tLis end 'ill aer-i.al. ferry for thoreturning pilots V'.'ClSe s t ab Li ehod , Fand l.ey-Pagee t wh i.ch are tlV:3 ":'erry boats",leave a little port in ]:'rallce C,tJl'10 l'.5J.rquisd t.r.r-e e tin:8,; a Clay; one in themor-ning , one about noon 0.116 one ab ou't foal' P. TiL Thi s line has berm ope r abd ngs:.nce June and is s ard to 6,::.V8 tI;e r etur-ni.ng pilots a00\tt. 2<1-hours time. Fromtvrelve to fifteen men c an }'8 t.ake n over the ch anne.L at a time, and wh i.Le most ofthem are returning ferry ;,;.iJ.ots, SrIDe of t.hcm ar-e officers on spe oi e I trips wl.osetime ;.:.<.llotment is short. ~:'he Eni;lish end of th,; f e r r-y is a'~ Lympue riear- Folki:1to,1tl.

La eu t , ScLlo-~z!1.auor ~'ecC'liv8d his first trainit"i:t in this coun t.r-y at theground school at tho Unive r s.i t.y of Ll.Li no i s , and 'c;;E'i'l i"tmt ove r seas where hecompleted his vrork 1:v:itl-l t:le 31'i tish. He wt.s f i ne.Liy a ttached to the 206thBritish Squadron, and tre 91st "~merican Vavi nc our-t , Mel'.so. The British t>quadrt>n

was originally a'lane'. squ a-lr on c.~"~tacher1to the n~.;,vel 1."ly~_ngCorps, but in A,t-'ril,1918, became a part of '~l;re Hoyal ;\ir Forcels.

In one of the flights }H~ !:3.d 'wi't.nes sed I L'i eirt , Sc}101tzhauel' Fwn.;io:1or' agroup of 103 1"hich h ..~ sa"v'.' ove r the Li ne e , They wer-e ol".ly a part of a giganticformation of Bri'bsh, Frs:v;h and Ameri can planes S~HIt out on ac courrt of theConunand'ing Cf ricer of tl;e Third Corps then on t'1e west bank of the ;\]euse. On thisoc c asa on there was a gr-oup of 355 pLan es sent out to bomb t~18 area opposite theThird. C01'pS, about 3000 yards in and. buck of tho territory from the Meuse betweenK8tZ and tne lines.

The group of pianos compr i s ed 253 bomber-s and ::"00 scout p Lane o , TnGY leftt hea r r-espec t.Lve .fields early one af ter-no on and fl'3w over tbc: lines between threeand f our P.L:. Planes from ei,,;ht or t eu f i eLds 't ook Vtrt in t:biu fli.q;ht, anddor i ng the af' t er-noon brow!,ht down f r orn J.2 to 14 enemy p Lane s , lO:'3inp; but onep Lane cut of tho total 3b3 from ar.ti-air';r8.ft fire.

The f oLl ovri ng Latte r 1"48 wr i t ten :ion :;o.y, 1918, b:r L~c'":).t.i~L.ltcrV. Earnebey,a young f Iy er- of~he A. r;. ~'., e;;1erJ;8ccy addr-e e s , ~!lr~3. ~_. L. C",-rav'forrlt n o th e r ,

Sumr::er, ',,~,u3i1j.nGton, DeiGre j oi n.i ng CJ,8 Air ,:;",rv::.c8 he w.s:'filjJloyod in tne PancrnaCanal Zone on uncierground cnnd.dt work. Xis sup8r~or officers in the Air Ser~)cefeared he would not make gOJd ~s ~ flyer, as ~e lea~ned slowly, but he ~erseveredand fim ...Li y won his 'V:.LYlZG. Then he h ad to be r':'l--rir,:amled for taking chanc e e , Hisfirst technical offense was looping t.he loop in a macha ne not desiE;necl fur t.he t"lurk. l':hen askeci. why de did it, he said t.he French told him it could not be r10ne

and he warrt ed to show them tLat Americans could do it. Barnebey's work o'/or the:.:i.n'Jsin b! i;,rd.l1,~;; ')acl: i:1fo;:-m8.~Giol1 was r emar-xabLe and it was ',vLile s t.ar t.Lig (In0)18 of thOS<3 triI)s on ~!;a~'22) 'chat he was killed. He had r ea ch ed an altitude of"1:000 feet 1":~'ley1 tte rr-achdne was seen to go into a tail spin. he succeeded inrizhtinr: it and was f Ly i ng Leve L, but cr-ashed into the side of D. hi Ll , l.e f a.i Ledto ~r8gain coneo i cusr es s , An J\merican officer of the 3,~d B'reuch Corps , to which:,~.e;}.t. Ear-nebey Vias at ta cked , pinned t~10 Croix de '1uen'€) with palm on the deadf Ly or who had been pr evi ous Ly !'ecomm'Gcl'3(~. The Let t er- f oLi.ow e ;

-4.. 081034

"fiwas raining :teaterduy so there wo,s no flyillg. and a s it ',ras Sund.ay Iw~nt down to the village church foracha~1ge> It was a beautiful s.erv:l,ce and 11.11in Fr-onch , of c ours e , so I un,lerJtocidn:.ry Lit t.Le . 'Ir.er-e Wdfi 3..'1 o rgan , and a .:;irlof the village played the v i oi i n , and 1,~.8re wc-s good s i nga ng , too, all of whichsounded so good after Li s t.erri ng so long to nothing but the r oar- of motors and .cnebooming of guns • 1'h8 old pri eet , before he began tire s ermcn , :read the Frenchcommunique and his eye s ~)o\lved ,,1':'. he r e ad it, TLe YO'.m~; p r-i es t , ':!ho was hereb ef'o r-e the v-ar , is now :.n the 't.r enche e and. t}1e vi.Ll.ager-s Si'4 he is some s cr-apper ;I undcr-s t and that many of the p r.i es't s of ?rance en.l isi.ed as pr-i vate;-iJ~d thoy al.L

• have made splendid records for tilem;:3elves.

"Now I'll tell you a httle of aviation iit the f r cnt., Young fellows whotilink no morede(1)ly of this subj ect U'an of st8pp:.ng into co. ma cha ne before acrowd of admir::,ng ga r Ls "me cutting capers over a !'ly:.ng field. sh ouLd be dis-couraged. To make good at the f r orrt , 8. f Ly e;: mus t have no yellow Ln hi s makeup.His machine is a c cmpLi cat.ed thing of wo nd er-f u.l power, he must watch over itc ar-e f'u l Ly , and wh on in -L!;c air sit in it as though it v:ere a part of h.i msoLf , flyit insUr.c"tivelLy, thinkini.i only of the mission ]16 is sent to perform. On accountoi' the c ons t.ant. pub.Ia c i.t.y of cha rs e work, mont peuple are under tr-e iJ:npressio,1thA.t the little f,lst fightin;; p i.une e are :,he on l.y ones to bo c ons i de r ed by theelite of the air I while from ::: purely l'tili t.ar-i an f,trc;,d1?,oin.'c,for the army i ti sof the least value.

lilt is the observation planes that do most of t~p, nar d wor-k and get theLe as t credit for i.t. 'l.'tej are the eyes of 'che mo Jor'n army and t.n ei r wo r k is byf a r t.he most Lmpor t ar-t., an« w:ith the single e xcep-c i on of t.h e lew f'Ly or-s whoat t ack and bomb troops f>ct a few Ulsters heighth 1';:1811 a gerier-e.L attack is going on,is the most dangerous of all avi~tion, TLe pilot of the observation plane hasone or more lives othe r t1'o.D hl s own in ~is kC3jJi'lg and his p l ane is one that hascost a great deal of Labo r to p r oduce , H01ff8ve:', ch ao se is indispensab18 and re-quires QxceptionA.l darin~.

"Hany of t.h e nev'oig machines ar e more c ompLi cate d and more difficult tofly t.han the smaller chasse p Lano s , for when the big observation p Lam i s loadedwith an observer. extra mach i ne buns, amrnun.i t I on , and c amer as with plates, et.c , ,it in many cases may Land at tw}.c,e tho landing ap eed of a cha s s e machi ne , Toexplain further. a pla~e musc giide to earth at a certa~n rela~ive speed as toload in weight per square una t of its sup por-ti ng sur-IDee. The g:ceater that weightthf~ fi~ster must be the speei,3.nc cons eq ucrro Ly the Landii ng of the machine orbringing it to rest en the earth 'Ni~.l be more difficult. Also in maneuveringin the air a big fast muc~in8 ~eavily loa~ed, 108eb flying speed more easilythan a small li tht machine a-id \"i t.hout warning, SQ a pi lot must E1.1waysbe morecar-eftuI in hi a flying "end be sur-e he has :tJlenty of ai.r space between himself andthe earth.

"Flying a photo rnachi.ne is the mod r1.ifficult and 'brainy' flying of all.I cannot exp Lain in detail, of COi..ll'SG, but tta conditions are such that itdemard s the most of cc p.ILot., whi Le it is of such importance tha~ tho enemy spar e sno expense or trouble to bring h.m down , hs rr.ach.ine i3 alwa.:'s the oo j activo ofall enemy chasse machi.ne s who can r ea ch him, a.id Cl. .cargJt for the anti-air-draftbat t.er i cs , for he has .:~o fly a ...1trL,igllt c<Ddeven cour se , J.:V'EtYS. He c anno t varyhis line of flight to avoid the j nfer-uo of anti,.airc:'aft sh,:lJ.f' '~ba:c are belchingforth from dozens of guns. The only time a pilot on f, photo mds s'i cn '[d,ll leavehis course is when enemy machines at.t ac k him and them ;19 fif,)r;;,s Oil t.he def' ensd ve ,If he can drive off the att.ack i ng cha sae planer" he rUsks to hie aerial postarid continues his mi s ei.on , llothing matters to him exc ept those pictures ice musttake and deliver to hi s home st::ction, behl nd tIle Li.ne s , wh.ir-e the p::..atesarerushed in, and by forced pr oce a se s all t:18 W8.y through; t.n a prints are deliverediLl a very few mim:.tes to the eXjJert,s wbo GO over tr..em "vith 101. microscope. thusenc.bLi.nz headquarters to kr.ow exactly of changes and movernent.s v ' 'There is that7JAil known case vl.er e an aer-i.a L photo showed the Gennan second line and suppor-ttrenches to be picked "lith men. T~16French artillery immediatel:' pounded themiTCO dust and m pp ed L1 the cud one of t.he big Bache a t t ac ks , All "the Germandrives since have been started und8~ cover of dar~ness or the fog.

-0,- 081034

•

"Herr> I want to 8/:r;ldin about anti-aircraft sn eLl s , 'A.A.'s' or "Archaes 'as we call them. There ill'e several var i.e-ta c s of them, and each one worse than tbeother ~ They go of f wi th a sharp bang, or a sho r t , sharp, dry bark mi.gh t Detterdescri be J~he sound. 1l big 'sh elI fi red on a target on the gr-ound goes thrOl.lgh theair with a'big healthy whine, a,nd goes off with a big bourn ht B. distance, and.af close quarters it is a Loud bang. An A. A. ahe.i.L e xpLodi.ng close b:r soundsmore like two big dish pane vcom ing together. At a distance an lAo A.' shellBounds like a gas shell exploding on the ground, a sort of a dull thud •

"The sound is, of course, by far the least da s c oncer't.i ng feature, When theblooming things get too close they rock the ship ar-ound as '(.,hough an Oklahomacyclone had hit it. The Huns usually fire their Archie shells in bunches of to ur ;eight is the greatest number I have ever seen at oncc, but these bursts come sofast that, to a pilot j usc making hi s first few trips over the lines, it seems asthough the entti.re output of Krupp s is concent.nat ed in his immediate vicinity. Buthe soon gets a.ccustomed to them and does not mind them much. ','!hen the shellsburst they make a dense whits or black smoke, the color depending on whether theyare shrapnel or high explosive, which hangs t.cgeth er in a small denae cloud forseveral minutes, thus enabil.Lng the gunner to get a better line on the plane. Whenthe gunners have timed their shells at too gr eat an altitude and the aim is fairlyaccurate so that some of the shells come Whizzing past very near, the plane getsb. jar that sends the pd Lot up in his harne s.., then b...ng , back into his seat again.Sometimes they shoot up a bunch of "Oni ons , II burning balls of chemicals strungtogether on a wire. The balls can be dodged, if the pilot is quick, but if heever runs into one of l~he wires, which ceml":; be seen, there yd.ll be slow sadmusic the next day and he will not hear j.t.

"Regulation of artillery fire .by ai rp Lane is another important wor-k of t.heobs(3rvation squadron. In this the observer regulates artillery fire on a pointconcealed from observation ba.LLoona and si6~'1al sta.tions, and naturally, the enemytries to keep an important group of guns, etc., where only an airplane can soe it.Some pilots do) not like thiS kind of work, as it is long and tiresome circlingaround between battery and target. Yet there are some pilots who like it the best •

. The observer is a highly trained specialist who watches the fall of the shells onthe target and sends wireless messages back, ord.ering the necessary corrections.By cooperating properly wi th the observer, the pilot can he Lp make the vrorkcomparatively easy and swift. He flies back of his own front lines as much as hecan, for just as soon as he comes in r e ach of them tLe enerrd es Archies open up onhim. So every circuit he makes is irre;~l~r and at varying altitudes, to keepthe gunners ~uesBing.

iiI know a little pilot who r e.al.Ly enj oys :i.Jla,ying '7ith the Archi.e s , He fliesout to where he kn ows they will shoot, and 8.S they ~JUrst {lear by he thumbs hisn oee .at them, then side slips his nachi ne down towards the guns , outmaneuv er i ngthe gunners' ca.IcuIe.t.a ons , Then he spirals z.round, dips and climbs, a Iwuysthinking just a fre.etion of a second ahead of them.

"In this regulati on the observer cannot hear the burst of the shells he isdirecting even though they deafen everyone near vhere they land, for the roarof the motor and th8 air. rushing by his ears (or rather his ear s rushing throughth!3 air) make it impossible. Fq:>mhis lofty perch he sees a sudden upheaval ofearth and smoke th8."c from a distance cam ea"ily be mistaken for a clump of trees.So it is very nece s se ry for. the observer to see woLl and see correctly, for aman who imagines he sees something is a dan gar ous observer.

"Artillery re[~ul3.tion is carried on at a. comparat i ve Ly 10' i.lltit'.lde (2001J.t

1200 meters) +,he heighth depend.ing , of course, on the size of i.he guns, .md thodi st anc e t~1e tarGet is back from tr.9 Li.nes , so that the hor-i zont.a.I va si.ba Licymust be gocd , In reconnaisaance work an observation plane 6085 J.XC,O enemyterritory, acmetame S 8. long eli st anc e bac k , <.ene':.,ccthers inf orr»i.eel,,;.-. :i e nemyposi 't i ons ':L'1.d movements. In this work, e:L8",'011 as in all other cbservution work,the pilot and observer must be it perfect teUIn so that four eyes can see c.l.G t~rJ,and two bm.i.ne CD.nact as one. And they must know just how to fight together,for their machine is the speeial obj Get of all chase of the neighborhood an d theyare nearly a.Lways attacked by morie t.han one machi.ne , so each must know just whatto do to rreet every rai)id maneuver of the many planes that sometimes <.,tteu;k him.

-6- OS.1034

lll\Tow we come to th"J Lr.s t phn so of aera a.I o~)se;~v2ction. "Infantry Liaison".contraet,etYJeen the8.dvdlcinGii1f2..ntry i:~l1d.the sUjh)Orti.ng artillery and head-quar-t er s , Thi s kind of work does not happen very often, fortuna.tely for us, asthe mortaliFY is very high, indeed. It happens only when an assault is beingunder-taken, and it calls for the most experienced ob aer-ver-s and the most ski.lleelpilots. It is of;t;en necessary to fly very low, so low that the enemy chasseplanes make no attempt to ~other the enemy dspending on their machine guns onthe ground to bring 'chem down. These planes Ql:'G the means of communicationbetween the advancing infantry, which is sometimes so LsoLat.ed e.S to have no:other method of sending buck word to the artillery in the reur and headquarters.They also keep headquarters informed of any n6W and unexp ect ed developments.

"This c lass of flying in clear weather is '!ery interesting indeed, as onecan see the whole battle being wL,ged below. In fOt;gy weather or rain it is justpLsd.n hell. It is then the most nerve straining of all flying. Aerial obser-vation is very complicated and in a group can be found many specialists so thatthe commandinb officer must be ~ flying encyclopedia. He must be a man of openmind with an intimate knowledg.~pf 1'1..11p.rase s of the work, but first of all hemust be a pilot and he must be/a.n~ 'JJillin3 to g;o out and fly any mission thatcomes under that class of work. One of t~e best commanders on the western frontsays: 'I 'never send a pilot on a mission I .en not willing to undertake myself'.Naburra.lLy he never has to ask for volunteers for a per-i Lous mission, for everyman in his outfit is a.Iways Q volunteer.

"Just before Gener-e.L Foch took over the command of the western f r orrt ,through lack of unity of ac td ori , a big g,ip 11[[:),.8 made in the Allied line, and aGerman army was marching t'ow[crd that unoccupied territory, The British AirService saw it and sent every pLune crli;~ilable over with hand grenades, explosivebombs, and machine guns. They flew a.lmost wing tip toucning wing tip as wide asthat gap, a nd row after row, as fast as each row of pLanes would reach the enemy,t,hey would pour their ummum td on into the advano i ng masses, make a wide circleand return to their bases, load up wi"c.h gas and oil and ommundtd on and return tothe assault. They lost many planes. but 1i7hat of it, they held that gap untilit was closed and shattered a German army.

"American o15servers have made good at the front, They Cere a cool, nerNY,wide awake bunch of yOUl:g chap s , I hope that all the pilots being trained in thestates are as good as the young pilots 'Ne have over here, they can ' t be better.One outfit of chasse I know so well brought down S:!.X 30C]18 m.achines theirfir.3t week at the front."

Six American officers of the Air Service returned from over seas, have re-ported at the Division of l!:ili tary Aeronautics and have been as signed to FlyingFields where they will as sist in inutruction work.

They were First Lieutenants Ennis C. VThithead, WestpJ;1ali a , Kan , , Fro.Ilk S.Whiting, C1'/:.cago, 111., John R. Ramsey. 1426 1iain st •• Racine, Wis., Joseph H.Conover, Freehold, N. J., and Fraser Eal.e.and Se.c'ond L:9utenants Arthur R.Knight, Newburypprt, Mass., and Muir S. Fai~child. Seattle, Wash. The latterwho was with the French for a long time ha- the croix de Guerra.

Lieutenant Frank S. '([hiting 6029 KimbE.rk Ave., Chicago, Illinois, wnsCaptain No 3 Company. Il'1:fc:mtry at the first training camp at Fort Sheridan in1917. He took a reduction to private to 0rilist as a cadet :Ln 'the Aviation Corpsand went to England to train. As an ft~.eric~n pilot, attached to the Royal Air~orce, he was on the ~estern Front flying in a day bombing squadron 'from May 1,o July 8, 1918, when he was wounded, and follo1!ling his recovery was transferred

to the American Expe~itiona~J Forces as an instructor at the 7th AmericanInstruction Camp, Clermont Ferrand, France. Lieut. Whiting's Squadron madeforty six flights over the German lines and was engaged with enemy planes in allbut three of those raids. Besides action over Ostend and Zeeberge, he was inthe Bat tLe of the Marne and at Perrone. He was wounded three times and r-ecei vedall t.nr-e e wounds in one action. This was over Cambrai On July 8th as hisSquadron w~s returning from bombing objectives twenty-Six miles behind the city.

031034

:18 .md fiVe; ')",;L~, de Javi:.;,l1C oc;y b omb s r s fromUv3[;;:ci's:.sh Squhdror. wer-ec~1~c~,;.(.::c;(': C.1.t '~L8 tiifJt} by t'ent:r-ui:~Lt. :IUl1 pur sui. t l)LLi1eSwho sno t down t'tTO oftbe Engli shm en , F'ou;r ufcne hun s w ent down in the fight th ...t f o l Lowcd ,~nd inthe thick of it eight other planes ver-e seen coming up , 8S ~uheEnglish 'chouglrt ,to their:<'sGistanc8r 'I'h e Lew c omerc , however, ~roved to be Germ::m r-ea nr or-ce-ment s ~(nd the four !i~n6lish b ornber-s continued a running figln. ~10W ctgainstthirty-four Hun planes, most of which were ;:Jingle se at.er s , four .8nglish planes.Lieut. 'Whiting s,:.id none of them would ever have ,iot 1101i"J8 if six Bristol 2seaters from the English ccmp had not come to their r eaoue . The Bristols,de so'i t e the unequal number against t.hem , immediQtely ;:..ttEtcked and t.ne Huris,turning for the moment to stand off the f ur'Loue onsl~ui~ht of t.he new comers, letup in their fire on the bomber c . The bombers 1,h'<18broke throv.gh and lJl,lt on £.illspeed for home.

"It was then I lapsed into unconsciousness" sDic~ Ld eut • Whiting. "I don't'hink I was out very many minutes for vrhen I came to the old boat Vias speedingalong on an even keel. I found I had be en shot t.hr ougn one leg by a Hunmachine gun, and hit twice in the heu.d, one boin; under the eye,. by a shellburst from the machine below'. I turned to look at my observer but couldn't Seehim. I tried to C11.ll to t eLephone PJ.imcut could gel; no answer. I[/hen we f'Lnc.l l.yLanded on the field at our hangar, he was pd ck ed out of i1is ser:..t with the backof his he ad blown off. He was an n;nglis.hzllan and a f Lne f011ow, who hadvolunteered as an observer that day, my regular obaerver- being On leave.

"':!hen the six Bristol figtters fini.llly came down they reported that the Hunplanes ag;:.,inst them number-ed fifty before the Germans quit and da.aappee.r ed inthe direction of t.he Ehine.1I

Lieut. ",'hiiil1g said that the Oer.mal1anti-aircraft gun battery at \'Jestende,Belfium' wni ch proi:.ectedOstend and Zeebergo, was par-td cu.LarLy strong andaccurate in its fire, navi.ng by dj.rect.hit brought down r.;r~glish pLnes as highas 18,000 feet.

In another raid back .of Cr;>.mbr.aiLieut. Whitihg au.id that as they werespeeding on their course without an enemy plane in si~ht, hesuddGnly noticedlead breaking tho instrument board in froilt of him. He glanced over head andbehind but nothinr; was in ai grrt , The bullets, however, kept on singd ng aroundhnn and just then his observer ca Ll.ed trrough the tube; ..

"Hey; Whitey, I just ;oi o.ne through my br-eeohe s hili throughmy blouse, two in orio, ~Jut it never to'-.Ached::,18 ~ l-jp' s right under us."

Whiting said he Lookcd over t.t3 corcbi.ng of the cock pit and sur-e enoughthere was tho Hun 100 feot C'irectly unde.r rim, sx,ooting lito [lad. Before hedid any real damage, however' machine gun fire from another 1)1~d'1ein 1fJhiting' sSquadron drove him off.

Lieut. Joseph H. Co,lover, an Arr.erican obse rv er- V>lDS f ormer Ly an Engine.erof ricer. He served with tile i5ri'dsh in tho lOot 1"]Squadr-cn, R.A.::"., and tellsan interesting story regardi:1g an exploit of an flnoX'ican Pilot who was servingin a British D.H.9 squ~dron.

1st Laeut , Bonnalli, "lith a British Officer aa his observer, was flying information in the Flanders Section, when the burst of an anti-airc'rcit sr.e Ll,carried away hiS tail and lJart of the fuselage. It looked to the pilot and theobserver as if they were dono for, as, admittedly, it is difficult to fly withthl8 tail planes and rudder gone, but Li.eut , :f:Jonnalli' s at-t errt.i on 1:,,"S suddenlycalled to another plane of the formation a little below him, appa:.~ently ingreat distress. A Hun machine was just divdng upon it firing st ead i Ly , Dis-regarding his own pr-edi cemerrt , B'onnalli immediately dived in turn upon the Hunand suc ceedcd in shooting h im down. For this aot i.on , executed without referenceto his own plight, he received the Distinguished Service Grder.

CS1034

The imm3C'i2.te c.. ct ion ove r , Bom:3.11i and hh" obaer-ve i- gc;.ve their at t ent Lon-,.:, "':,e.i:::- com .,13,;8 Vllicll "IC.S fo.r frem 3t,~bl() G.na ec ar ceLy Yl1unagEkLble.Br i efconference f oLl.oved with tho result t.ha't the obscr-ve r cLrmb ed out on the fuselageand worked his wc.~yback toward where tJ18 tail ehou Ld have been. This nelped 1.0bring tI,e p Lane tack Lrrto a norrna.l flying position, and on this pr-ec ar-aous perchhe c!.id1ed tto pilot in managa ng tho machd ne by sLifting his ','.'eight backward andf'o rwar d , And thus tJ:0Y wer-e able to fly to a f i eLd and Land safely with at at Lle ss plano. A day or two later t.his ve r aa ta Le observer was up 1i1i tb his ownpilot, another British Officer, who \"FS ki Ll.ed over the lines. Again thesi~tue.tio!l looked hopeless for tte obscr var , but h e gr abbod the controls and,a.Ithough not supposod to be able to fly a plane, brought it aaf eLy ba ck to hisairdrome.

Col. Gerald C. Br.ent recently passed tte J.M.A. tests at Bolling Field: andhas received his r at i ngj , on office detud L in r'ashington.

lat Lieut. L.G. H&l1[;en is the first officer in the D.M.A. to win his"wings"having completed the course of instruction at Bolling fiold., Ho has beenratod as a J .M.A.

The s t a ff of the Ao r onaut LcaL i1Jlc<gazinewhich the Air S-:,rvico Clubs t

Association aims to publish is being organizcd r ap.i dLy , P.t present the staffconnists of CCl1Jtain Ear L N. Findley, A.S.,J\ftformerly of tho New York Times;Li out. Tom Poo, A.S. I A. f orrner edi toY' of t}-.L~ KoLl.y Field i;agle and at one :timeattachod to the Ar kans as Gazetto; Li.e ut , Carl H. Butman, .Ii,S .,A.,recently ofthe News Division of tho Committl3Q 011 Public Ir.fonnation and an aviation magazine;and Jasso S. Butcher, r-ec e rrt Ly c onnect ed with the New Yo r k Timos. Additions willb e made to the st arf as tr~(J work develops. Estimates f'c » the publication of themagazine have been roceived and the detailed plans as to style ~nd sizo, ~renow being wor-ked out. 1.'1hile cont l'ibuti ons cannot be sti.d to have begun to f'Lowin very heavily', some have already been received from active member-s of thoAssociation in 1ho field.

During the last ,reeks of the AJ.lied Of f cna ive , pr i or- to tLe cessation ofhostilities, squadr cne of de Hava Lanr' 9's ?rorr, l:loth Briti~).r. ann j',merican AirForces, were bombing milit~',.ry objectives in the Gennan 't owris back of the Hunlines every day and nif;ht. Dosp:.te the opposition put Uj,J :Jj t.ho GenllcU1 airsquadrons and arrt l-ca.i r-cr-af t batteries, thiD was par-t i cu.Lar-Ly t r ue in theneighborhood of S<.tDrbrucken, Keiserslautorn, Treves, Mannheim. Her-e the Britisharid J'unerican planes often had to fi~ht their way 100 miles to their obJectivethrough squadron after squadron of .fi~hting Hun machines, and then, after . : .. ":dropping their bombs, have Lad to fight their way back the "Thole 100 miles tothoir own linGS.

Recent reports r cc oi ved at the hoadquur-t er e ofJ tl.e Division of MilitaryAeronautics, Washington, D.C., tell of twelve de Haviland 9'8 attached to theIndependent force of the British R.A.F'. sent over the lines in two fonnations at11,000 feet to bomb tto factory at Mannhedm at a distance of well over 100 milesfrom the aerodrome. This nee e as i tated a. trip, out and back and allowing fordiversence to follow routes and }ick up bearings, of from 250 to 260 miles.About five miles beyond the line eight enemy scouts determdned Ly attacked thefO:TD;,tiol1. The leader, h owevcr , proceeded to Mannhedrn, being all the timeat t ack ed by enemy aircraft which c cirt i.nued to be reinforced. Over the objective,fifteon more enemy machines came and at t.ac ked the f ormatd cn 1!'lith detenninationwhile the bombs were being dr-oppe d , Notwi t.h st anddng the presence of the enemymachines, sixteen boml:Jswere dropped vach gocd effect; a large numhqr of thesebombs' wer-e au!' he avywedght s , Seven direct hits on the factory were o"ut&ined ?Jurifour fires were caused. In addi tLon, anothe r- f ac t or-y a short distance IilwayWas also hit and set on fire. 'l'he report confirming sa.id:

vOSl034

"Just after leaving the target to return home, the enemy machines cameright into our formation and one of them succeeded in hitting the radiator ofone of our machines. Thi~ caused the engine to fseize up', and the pilotproceeded to SIJifal doi!Tnwards.'The whole formation followed him from 12.000to 6000 feet down to prevent him from being further attacked by the enemy machinesand a det errm ned fight .f oLlowed cbe tweon the dellavi Land 9' s and the enemy scouts,As a r eeult.» fthi s fight, which lasted about 20 minutes, (and 100 mi Le s overGennan ''territory)a number of onemy machines were Ghat. down .ancwer-e seen tocrash. When the fight was over only five of our machines ~er0 loft in the air,

" and by extraordinary had luck, all the experienced pilots went down. Tho ,tJilotsof the remaining five machines were all new and to many of them this was their

~ first raid. One pilot, who had only four raids to his credit at this time.reali aed the situation and got his observer to tie a white handkerchief to theLe~~s guni indicating that no was their loader, and having collected the formationbrought thom safely back to the aerodrome. Had it not been for this pilot'spresence of mind) some of these five machines would never have got back. Forthis act he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross.

llA few days later, while a formation of deHaviland g's was attacking therailway station at Met z, the pilot saw a machine (which had apparently droppedout of another squadront s formation unnoticed) 6000 feet below being heavilyattacked by a number of enemy airCraft and firing red lights for assistance. Onepilot immediately dived into these scouts and took this straggling machine upin his formation and escorted it safely back to the lines.

"The next day, while carrying out bombing raid oper'atdone in conjunctionwith the First J~erican in the st. Mihiol Salient, ono of the squadron's formationgot sllightly separated from the other machines over Metz. 'Fifteen enemy scoutsimmediately attacked the formation and in the first burst wounded three of theobservers so that they were unable to fire thoir guns, and put a bullet in theradiator of one of the machines which was leading the raid. and also through theengine of another. These two machines wer-e then on their own and were attacked

'by 7 enemy scouts each.

"Although the engi nes were' sedaing up', the pilots kept them going andprevented the enemy scouts from getting a steady aim on their machines by banking)stalling, liS" turning and spinning, and in this way fought their way to the Li.nes-a distance of 12 miles. Ono Hun was very close on the tail of one of ourmachines, and when he stalled and zoomed up underneath to fire from his forwardgun, our observer shot him down and he was seen to cressh on the ground."

Plans are now being dr~vn by the Air Force which will put this comRlicatedmachinery of war on a peace basis and set its energies to practical work forvarious branches of the Government. Informal conferences have already been heldwith representatives of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, Forestry Bureau, WeatherBureau, Post Office Department, and othors, with a view to estimating the extentof air oRerations in each.

These plans will utilize the planes, available trained pilots and everymechanic of the Air Service of the Army in the United States. It is believedthat a large percentage, if not all of the present strength of the Air Forcenow on the lines in France, will be used in the patroling incidental to necessarywork in the occupied zone and that this will preclude using any of this force inthe plans now making on this side of the Atlantic,

In drawing up these plans, officers engaged in the work are taking into con-sideration the fact that the Government, through the Army, Navy, and Marine Corps,practically controls the manufacture of planes, the training of pilots, and thebuilding and equipping of flying fields and airdromes; also that the credit forwhat progress has been made in Aviation in the United States rests with the airfore es as now constituted and that it would be doub'tfu.Leconomy to endanger anyof the progress thus made by demobilizing this force and scrapping its equipment.

-10- 031034

It i$ also known 'cho.t the Eu'nlpE:lW'2 pcwer-s who have made even mor e wond e r-f'u.lstrides in ~viatidn.tha~ th~ United states, intend to main~ain their air forces ifcn Iy for eX})Jrimental and c0velo'pmont i~'lrposes •. in 0':"'0(;:" to get tLe l,r:JLtestp os sa b Lo efficiency out O! o.:irplan'Js for thc:benefi t of tb:: g:me:::--al PU1)li6. Hithtreso powers forging aho ,«: in tho dov c.Lojmorrt of ~hi:,' ac i cnce ab r oad , Army andNavy ofl'iccrs are confident tha'L the United 8tates will not want to 1'.'0 foundlE.i.g~~ing •

So far the present .iJ!.ans for putting the Air Eo:rcG to pr-ac t.t oa.l every day~ w ork on a peace basis end at the s::'metime maka ng it possible f or the united

Gt:itcs to vlin and rna.l rrt ai.n t he c..ir supremacy I ','rill Lnc Lude a number- of acti vities.\ '"['y,e a cr i a.l c oc.st. de i enue st a'c.i oue whi(;h ','ror0 t cmpcr-ari Iy e s ta'o Lf shed h cr-e in this

country during .Tuly , and "'hich rua t er-i a.Ll.y hampered the \.~erm8n sutmar i ne operationsoff our coast, will undo ub t.edLy be extended and tnu utations r-api.d Ly c onv or-t edinto permanent post s ,

Plans for tho def ona» of' Panama and th(3 United statos Ln au l ar p os se s s.i onshave a I so been developod and tho carrying out of tbOfJ8 pLans 'lill call far the. use01 8. c ous'ide r ab Lc n umber- of 1)13.n','3, ba l.Lo ons , and pi Lote for each.

0116 nrrto r es t i.ng dcvo Lopmen't , whi ch nay to me nt.Loricd s:?ecifically at thistime, comes f r orn C\ :;equoat f r cm ;.l"if;k'l for ai, (' s qu adr-o ns for an emer-gency surveyof the dangerous At a sk an c oas t J.:inA and C81'-:Ei:L:'l adj o:i zu ng sec t.i ons of thecCJ,mtry, .

j.rticies of .inc or-ocr-at.a on 0; the j,ir Service (:luiJs' As ao ci.at.r on were filedon !'!ova'TIber 27. 1918 in t"18 ':;';'sT,J'ic,t of Columbia, T:jE; incorporators. Were Maj orGeneral1fl.L.c:enly, eel.. 'Jera:td C.'Brant, Col, ILF Dav.i.a , co.L :1eo.rgEJ H. Crabtree.col. A.. L~ Fuller, I.,ieut. Col. Benjamin F. Castle, ~.:<:.;.jGr John H. Pa~kard andLi ou t enarrt TOri! Poe •

..

4r/~-' Di vision

Vir /lli D:sPcAR'ITV;_~N'r.h~r Se~'vice

of IHlita:cj' aeronaut.a c sVJccshi ng-~:011, D. 0.

From tlie prosaic life of a t eachar of chemistry in the High School atI~Jilmington, Delaware, to "che e xc i tin:; c ar eer' of an avi at or- in a pur sui t squadron,:i.s a big jump for anyone to make L1 a few iJonths. That is what happened toLt. Harold W • Fu:llmer, who has returned to the Uni ted states after havi ng seenser-vi c 8 Ln the region be tv-e en the Meuse "nd the .!iTgonne, So much so did he likethe life of an a-viator, Lt. Follmtn' declared, that he was done with teaching forlife.

"I was an i:1structor in flying, 'rhich of course is rt ore exei ting to S2Y

the least, tlian teaChing ')udc1Llg youths c hem'i,st ry , but I em st~"fei ted even wi ththat. I shall r emai a rONeVer, in :vi8tion BS I am tem~Jerarnt)ntally keyed up to theflying game , Tog;,vo up flyin,;; ~,7ou:id seem like spend'i.ng a ~)unday night in a 0118-

n cr s e t.own - simply unthinkable."

Lt , Fc Tlm e r , wh o is the SO,'1 of :~l". & Mrs. Harold N. I<'ollrner. is 25 yearsold and is a resident of Selvil1s Grov£;l, Pa , Iie errt er ed tte iiir Service simplybec aus s , as he expressed it, he i',,),t he could do the e;re:o.test individual good.

"I felt if I c ou.Ld fly it was my p l ac.a to enter the Air Service. ,_nother c:

r eason that iml::elled me "'<;_S the f ac t that I did not warrt to come Lome vTith a lugoff and' an evs out.I knew as a flier, tt!is could never ha.:lpen."

Lt. }<'0111;;o1" was sent to the Gr'ound School at Austin, Texas for U,e.l:):relimiml~'Y trc-~ininb' .t.d '.vas transferred to Ls ac ud un Fr c.nce , for flyin~; instruct-

I..;ons . He was one of tn8 f. irst t..,'S.!1 ....~Y rr.en. to USB N.i. eupor-t s , Tbe French, he s,,,id:re f used, to fly 'them and termed the "merican boys the "Suicide Club". L't , }~ollmer

. p.::alified as 8.,1 instrUctor znd WdS kert at Lss cudun , L,lt ...r , he said, he 1"ecS sentto the frout wi ih the 93rd. Sqm1.C1rOn,which 'NES e_ssi6nedto the r6g~_on between ther,'9use ani Ar-gcn.ie , Dt'.ring t.he time that he WaS at thp; front id; • Fol1mer said thoy"'ere ouz nunber-ed canst errt Iy by tlle:1errw,m:;. 'but the Ameri.c,ms maintained masteryof the situation through supec-io::- kn ov-Ledge of the til".

Lt. J'ollmer is a graduate of Susquehanna University of the class 0 f 1915.

Major General ~~c'Ti.L. Kr.nly, nir8ctor of the Division (H Lilitary Aer o-naut Lcs , with Ttctjor l~Tm. C. Ocker , Air Service, Aer onaut.Lc s , as pilot, made thedr trip from WashinGton to ]'0'1' York:ity, on '~ov'3mber ;;9th, in one Lour and firty-Ii ve minutes flying time. 'They .Left T~ollin::; Field at 10; 20 F•• M. in a de Ectvil::mdPlane and arrived at Car-der. ::::;_-cy,11• Y. at 12:1;:; ?M.

Maj or General "il. L. I:r3i1J.yhas received t.nforme.t i on from tarton, Ohio.that the Lo eru ng t1l"O-Se,-Lter moriop Lan e, in r ec arrt tEJstfJ there deve'Lo.ied 1.15 mile,per hour wi ih full mi li telr) load, including fO'J.l' c:uns , vrLich is in excess 0 f anyrecord mad.&YjlEurope",n se-tter combrt mechi ne , Tile Loern ng pLr.ne in these t eat sal eo c.A:i.mbed25,OuO fee-'c in r-ernar kab Le time and cDxr:-in:3 tv-o ~)<:csGenlers, therebyrstablishing an ,:)tileC' new rec or d .

Air Service officers here have wat ch ed U:e pr og re e s of this new p Lane in-ts tests wi-~h great Lnt er-e st , Thi s rronop l ane is j,:r.eriChl1 de signed and Am er i.c an.Juilt •. Its c onssr-uc td cn emboda e e se-ve.re.l new and original ideo.d. f-mallar, ofcovr-se , -'cLan tLe de Lavi.Lr.nd 4, wh.icn is L1 bomber- an d r-e.ccnnaa s sance machine , it1'-si'5hs only about 2400 pounds Loarled for the d.ir, which is pr-ac t.i ca.Ll.y the 1-!t.li:~Lt ofa :"inf~le seater s cout , It is dr-i V'3D by c:,n ci .~;ht cylinder, 300 horse-power l-,isj)c:no..2,uizJ. enzi ne 1:.J1dtho v-hoLo power »Lant is a um, t co net.ruc t.i on end may be e us.i Ly,ro!l:",~~~edfrom the body of the plane, Several ori,~inil1 ide,is (,1"8 also car-r-Led out in-¥;(e')Str'lltting, and t.l:e <:Tl'nger,lent of the scats is such tl1?t the pilot has 50/~;lore vision than in any ot.her- combat macrLne pr-oduc ert before or 0uring the war.

-2~ 081053

The Loenin~ mono~lano Q~rri06 sufficient ~uel fo~ three and one-half hours.

Grover Cleveland Loen i ng , -i;,rJedesigner> and bUiId~r, La ;lp American. hehas been an Aeronautical engint-er i11 this country for the Las-t eight year s ; iF theau thor of toxt books us cd in s t.uty by Am e rd can flying cadets, and has been giventlu dcgr-cc,s of Bache Lor of f,ci"nce by CoLumbi a Uni.ver sa ty ; M2'.ster of f.rts andCivill<~ngin:aer by ~TewYor-k Un.i ve r sdt.y , }lis D.ddress is Lo ern ng lteronautica.lCorporation, 45 1'!snt 11th Jt.~ Long Ls Lt.nd City, New York.

The Chiof of Staff authorizes announcern e.rt of the sailing of the 8. S.'T':'RE8S OF BF.rfAIN f rorn Liver,lool 1:30 P. M.,Decem'ber 1st for New York withi\>llowin,; tl'OO)S:

J\.DR:LTIC sD.iIed from Li ver~)ool at 7 iJ. m., Doceuber Lot forYork "'i th the fa Ll owing troops:

"

enlisted men.enlisted men,enli",ted men,enlisted men,~3rllist ad men,3111isted men,4 officers dnd 235

307th Aero Squadron, 3 officers and 13436lst Ae r o Squadr-o n , 3 officers and 130140th A&'T'o ;)(iundron, 7 officers and 205337th 1-'.8r'0 ~)quCJ.dron, 2 offic'31's and 128256th ~Gro Squ~~ron, 2 officors and 133

• 83trth Aero bCjUi:lCrOl1.3 o r ii c er-s and 12010-th Cons t i-uctd on Comp any Air 3enrj,ce,enlisted men,13th Construction, rLir S::;r'licG, 7 officers c,nd 238 enlisted men,lOC Lat oa cual, c cmpuny , 2 offi.cers, 1;~6 fmlist;:Jd men f r cm all sectionsUniteC: statos,).'/th Ca115truction Company; Air Service, S officers & 226 enlisted men,14th Construction Comuany , Air ~)ervice, 7 officers and 226 "C';~su,---.lssa ck and wounded, 11 officers and 241 en Last ed men, not

r equt rf.ng epo c.iul, ctT,anti-on, 154 GnU sted men bedridden,f emaLe nurses, casual, medical detachment, 6 officers .md 23 e nl i.sbedmen ;

Casuc.i s , 13 offic8rs, total 76 officers, 10 nur se s , 231-}9enlisted men.I8~8th :I\:ero Sqt\.2(~rOr" 3 officers and ,1,34 en Li s't ed men,338+,h ;tA1'O Sql.E;droll, 4: o f f i cer-s and 144 enlisted men,336th Aero Squadron, 3 off5~CE.:-s and 129 enlisted men,334th Aero ~)quadl'on, 2 officers and 138 enlisted men,472d Aoro Squadron, 4 officers and 144 enlisted men,377th Aero Squadron, 4 officers and 179 enlisted men,637th Aer-c Squadron, 3 officers and 108 enlisted men,4th Construction Comparry , ."I.ir Service, ~ officers and 244 enlisted

men,6th COl1struc.-cion C;aID}JQ.ny,Air bervice, 50 officers & 261 en ...isted ID911,7th Construi::tion 00., id.l" 3ervj.cB, 5 officers and 230 e nLi at ed man,8th 8011structi on Co; , Air Service, 3 of fie er s and :~36 enlisted men,9th Construction Co , , 1,ir ~3(jnri.ce, 5 officers and 243 enlist'3d men,Casual ~Aedical d et.aohmerrt , Ll- officers and 17 en Li s't ed me.:

TOTJiL, - 80 ofn eel'S and 2208 en Li c t.ed men.GafiU;::i.ls30 officers inC. 1 e;1lif3-ced mall.

Lt. W. A. Mc Ce.rthy, 3~Jringheld, ~r,ass., and Lt , N. W. Oyster, Wcshington,li.e .• t'~Ta observers i~'l the Air 3er-;I:c6., r ec errt Ly returned, T-rent o ver ceae a year ago

1El first of last Cctoner; were trainee in tLe Fr-ench Aviation Corps and sent toFr e nch flying fields to 'inr;trv.ct l\1IJericcl;l aa r ser v.cce cadet s , On tte first of/.ct ober , last they went on the line C:.8 observers in the li'irst J::,i"yBombing G-rQu~).T1Jy wer a on the line one month and ell af .'~l:is. tiDe :'..n the Argonne Sector, whe r e'c1,dr squadr-ons were iO,ttt1cLwl to tI,8 ~.'irst ;.rmy. P.oth observers testifi'3d to thee f.tic'i ency of tre GS1'rr;,"ltlS s.s a.i r pLane bur Icer s , 'it,s ,'8rman sin::;1.e S8:o,t81'S, uaue.I Lysent i~fJ.ir]Jt the Amer-Lcnn l!ombine s quad r-ons , they s:uc, wer-e tt3 :~iEm8ns-Schuck8rt,tIle 'i'okleer tripl,;me ;';'le' t;;r.) ii'okker biplane, c:l1 f a st , and whi Le the Jerman pd Lot s

-3- 031053

never attacked unless t.h cy o~t.numbered the l\llied bomber-s at Lsaat three ,I) ».re ,their tactics were most skillful a nd indicated c a re f uL Lrc.ining. Tr;ese twoAmerican airmen dAclRrec1, that the losses of the hrne~'icccn bomber-s 'were heavy in Lh efirst part of the of f en ai ve , when the i'.merican de Hav i.Land s went over th..e lines informations of tnrees ,:.n0. fours an c "i:,lic"t t,le Lncr e aae in "!,nwl~ica.n ca.6ualties c eu s edan order to b e Ls sued t;ldt no f'ormiJ.ccion ~'id8 to '08 sent over the line thereafter ofless than six. To the best recollection of ea the r Lt. lJlc08r'0hy or Lt. Oyster, thelargest rJ.ight .sent over ti'l8 lines by t1:,;is group at one tij:ne W('lS tl,irty-seven daybomber-s in four d.i f f er en t f orraa'td ons , )!'oteeted by from not more than fifteen Spadpursuit }lanes, or L.. total force of c:..p.'rox.imaiiely fif'c,y p Lane s ,

!tOn account of tile cono errt r atd on of the '-"rcLie' fire," sElid'Lt. Mc Car thy , "the AIPerican dey bombing scuadr-o ns Lad to cross the ;}erman linee.t from 12,000 to l4,OOa~ feet. 7requently in squadr-ons of from ten to twelvepLane s , five or six p Lan es wou Ld be unable to make this altitude and wo u Ld haveto drop out of the fon;;r:,tion.;Jut so eager wer-e t.he i r pilots and observers toreach their objectives tna'\:' many times, in spite of their r ai Lur-e to kee,J up withthair formation, they wo u.l d go on bomba ng expeditions by 'themae Lve s , crossing theHUll lines alone ,pi thout e.ny p ro t.ecta cn Whatsoever and o f f'er-a ng battle to as manyattacking Hun pLariea as wa-rt ed to fiCht. Some of t,t,ese lone .8rnericans r-e a che dtheir objectives, dropJed their bombs an d got back safely, Many of them, however,were lost.

I

"As the offensive co rrt inue d I tl18 )er'P()l'D1ctn~e of the day bombing p l ane sgreY' better and be.t t.er . The p Lane s S38E'.,,,d to im:J!~ove L1 qua.Li ty , :aetter protect-ion to the zas tanks. Wi>,8afforded by DeH devices nade , Individual bom"ling ne i.ngcut out, by at r-ic t o r de r s , c asuc.l.t.Le s dec:~e,:,8ed, bu:t ,;wen in formations o f eightand ten such \,r8S the weiSil+, of tne <>ttn,ck d eLi.ver-er' by tne "'en'.2.l1 single s ea.t e z-sth3.i se Llom did a p Lane r-etur-n -to 'i is r,i.n::;ar ,,'ittout being "'u11 of holes. ~''-oundswere frequent ["no tLe clotting of t:Lc avi at or-s torn by ';'errl1a.nma chi.ne cun bullets.lJ"10 pilot J~i.:td hi G gObgltJ3 f'~'jot a.vTa;r ant' e sc ap ed inj ury himself.

"',h8 Fun at t.ack.i ng squadi-cne , sent to meet us, h.id c; \'I;..<y of climbilJgfr orn tile gr-ou-id b et've en the sun Eend our :QI"'.JliJ,tion. It ",.1:,8 c'j.f lieul'G 'GOsec 'cl.3111

",d "T8 seldom did until tEe ''''oi;.ker bipl".neu,"ere dro).~l.nc:; 6y'n on our tails ,me]the Fokke r triplaneG climbing up und 3r' us. 'I'hos e t r-i pLane s had great spe ed inc Limbi n-; and it was cis.vorite trick of some of -cl~eir be sc flyers to come upund e r the f ormat.i.cn , ,,;i~t in the middle; of the f orrnat ion ber. i.nd t.l.e leader c.mJpump Le ad into him be f or e it was poe ui b l e for -the American gunne,rs on eitL81~ s i.oeto get their ,~unf3 011 h irn . He would dive out oi' this p oc.ket as qu i.c kly J.S'-18 botL1to it. On a cc ourrt of 'their sp eed , these Jerme,n single seat er s w or e hard to hitand all we usua.l Ly got in a. fi.;;',ht between six of us and t',:IeYlcy of them was on Lytwo or tl1r(:3e."

Lt. Oyster sa.i d that the American bombing squadr-ons made E, r-unni.ngfight of it every day they went over the lLJOS and tl:e only days they o.idn'tsoover the lines were days of rain, Le avy fop;, or low flying cLoud s .

In his annual report for 1918 rele~se::< Leceiaber 5, tL8 ;-;ecretc:ry ofW'ar reported on the .d r Service as fol101"'C':

Org:,ni z;::ti 011 •

'I'h e J\.vi",tioil Soction of t:1J Signd ,>:rp', which had: ~1 rgc oft.h o nr-oduc tc.on anc~ o:,er2,tLm c f l:dlitar:/ i'J,ircraf"tG t:lc.: outbr-eak0.1" .L ~" ,n-' r "'fa,, C~e2'+ "'(1 on Ju l.v 18 IS14 To assist L1 outliningl, 1;. ,-,' ,,' ',. ~ "r:{,._ J .. "" v ~ ,J) ,

Arneric~,' s ;'viat,ion pr-ogr an, the :',ircl'c,ft Production BOCl,rdV{(1iJ

appointed by the Council of FaGionc'l f.efen::;e in ]I;1'Y I lS17. :in

-4 .., 001053

,

October, 1917, the Aircraft Board, ao t.in.; in an advisory capacityto the Signal Corps and tlle lTavy, was created by act of Congress.In April, 1918, the Aviation Section of the Signal Corps was'sepa-rated into two distinct d epe.r-tm ent.s , Mr , John D. Ry an being placedin charge of aircraft prorluction and Brig. Gen. W. L. Kenly incharge of military aeronautics. Under the powers granted in theOvennan bill a further reorg~nization was effected by )resldentialorder in May, 1918, whereby &.irdnaft pr-oduc t.i on and militaryaeronauti c s wer e completely "d i,vorced frem the Signal Corps andestablished in separate bur eaus , Thi s arrangement continued untilAugust, when 'l:J1epresent Air Service, under Mr, Ry an as SecondAssistant SecretarY of nar, \"8.3 e stab Lashed , combining under one her.dthe adnu.naet ra.td on of aviation personnel and equipment.

RA,'rMATERIALSSECURED

One of the most ampo r t arrt p rcb Leme which confronted the air-or-af t,organization from th'3 start was the obtaining of su f ficient spruceand fir for ou~selves and our allies. To faci1it~te the work,battalions wer 3 organi zed under wi li tary dis cipline arid placed inthe forests of the wast coast. it Goverrnnent p Larrt and kiln wereerected to cut r.nd olry Lumber- before shipment, thus saving valuablefreight space. To November 11, 1918, the date the arrnistice wassiigned , the total quanti ty of spruce and fir shipped amount ed toapproximately 174,000,000 feet, of whi ch more than tWU!).. thirds 'llantto the allies.

The shortage of Linen stimulated the seur ch f or a substitute pos-sessing tf>e quaLi td e s nec es eary ir. f abr i.c used lor covering airplanewings. Ex ten sa ve exp er-Irnent s wer o made \vith a c.rt t on pr-oduc-t whichproved so suc ce aaf u.L that it is now used for all types of trainingand service planes.

Tc neet the extensive demands for a high-grada Luor-Lca.t.Lng oilcastor beans were imi~orted from India and a ::'8.r[;e acr-eage plantedin this c ou.rt ry , Neanwldle, research wo rk ''lith mineral oils wascarried on intensively", with the result that a Lubr i.carrt was deve Lopedwh i ch proved sat:'.sfactory in practically every type of airplane motor,except the rotary motor, in which castor oil is still preferred.

PRODUCTION OF TRAINING PLIl!IJ}<~SAUD'~NnIIi8S

When war was declared the United btates possessBd less than 300training planes, all of inferior types. Deliveries of improved modelsw er e begun as early as June, 191'7. U~ to November 11, 1918, over 5,300had been p r-oduced , inclu3.ing 1,600 of a type which was temporarilyabandoned on account of uusaci sf ac tor-y engdne s ,

Planes for advanced training purposes were produced in quantityearly in 1918; up to the signing of the armistice about 2,500 weredelivered. A~)ljroximat81y tl18 smile mmuer WE,S pur cha sed overseas fortraining the units '1lith tre';xpr3rli t.Lonar-y Force.

f)e'Teral new models, to be used f or training jJunmit pilots, areunder developme(,t.

Within three m011.tLs after the declaration of war exbe nsa ve ordersvrer e pLaced for two ty.pes of eLernentar-y tr-ai na ng er.gi ne s , Qua:ntityproduction was reached within d. stor'(; til11e. In d.ll about 10 ,500 havebeen delivered, sufficient -Co cons t i t.u't e 8. s,;ctisLr.ctory reserve forsome time to come.

Of the ad'v-mc ed t,:ainiu6 engines, t.l.o t.hr ee imJortant models wereof foreign de si gn , and the success ach i.eve d in securing quantityproduction is a gratifying commerrtary on the nanufacturing abilityof this country . The t otaI production up to :Jov8rnb0r 11 was &-p-proximately 5,200.

-5- VOSl053

The experience acquired during the o~eratio1s on the ~fexican8borderdemonstrated the un sui,tabiE ty of the pla.nes;-hen used by thls AmericanArmy. Shortly after the declaration of war, .. c ommds s.icn was sentabroad to select types of foreign service p La 18S to be pt:t into productionin th.is country. '7e wer-e confronted with the uecessi ty of redesigning thesemodels to take t he Liberty motor, as foreign er.g ine production wasinsufficient to meat the gr-eat, demands of the 'LUi es , The first successfultype of plane to corne into quantity production was a modification of theBri tinh De Haviland 4. - an observation and da : bombing plane. The firstdeli veries were made in February, 1918. In Ha: l p r-oductd on began toincrease rapidly t and by October a monthly outl ut of 1,200 had been reached.Approximatelyl,900 were shd.pped to the Ex;edi'.onary Force prior to thetermination o! hostilities.

The Handley-Page na ght bomber, used ex't ens i.veIy by the British, wasredesigned to take two Liberty motors. parts fo: ap~roximately 100 planeshave been shipped to Engla~1d for. assembly.

Table 20 showa the status of American production of service ;planes byquar-t er Ly periods.

Table 20.-Service planes produced in the United states in.1918.

---'---.__._-_._-----

---,~-,-----------_._--

515

1 tc; Apr. 1 to31. ;June 30

•-.--14

l.... , ... ~.

:Jan.;Mar.".

Name of plane.

------_._._- ~._--De Havd Land 4 ••••••• ,.;.Hand Ley -P s.g e •.•...•••. ~ ...

IA total of 2,6'16 pursuit, obs er-va'ta on , and day bomba ng planes, with spare

engd ne s , were Cleki.vered to t.h e R~~')ecfitio:1ary Force by t.h e French Go ver-zm errtfor tte equipment of our' f or ces cv er s e>.s ,

Considerable progress was m~de in th~ &captation of other types of foreiGnplanes to the l\merici;;,-n-made en~;ines, and in the development of nevr designeeThe U. S. D. 9A, embodying some improvements over the De Haviland 4, wasexpected to come .irrt.o quanti ty )roducti on in the near future. The BristolFighter, 2. British plane, was redesigned to take the Liberty 8 and theHis~U10 Sui 7.0. 300 E. P. engi.ne s , .~ force of Lt aLf.an eEgine:,erd and .skilledwo r-kmen .'1',8 brought to lJ,medca to redesign the C2.)l'oni ;:1j'c;ht;)or,jberto t2,l:ethree Li')(~rty mo't or e , and euc ce esf ul, trial flL?)ltS of trri s L12.cb.in'3 h cve b esnmade •

. Several new models e.r e under eX.l.)o:cimentation •. Chief of tLese is the LaPel'S tllo-seE.ter fighterl designed around "(';-_0 Liberty motor I '~;1e p er f' crrnanc eof which is highly si:Ltisf ac t.o ry , Sever aL 0 r these planes '."zero sent over-seas to be tested c,t tdC front.

Ln vie'" of the ra.~Jic progress in mi Ii tc:,:cy ,,-eron.utic 8, tte ne ees ca'I:.:'for the d eval o'ornerrt of a hi~;h ..power-ed mot or adap't abLe to .uner i can met.hodsof quantity pz-aduc td on wa s early :recoi;nizeo. The result of the effortsto meet this need was illS Li.berty motor -- l'ooilZrica'8 cnie f cO:ltn.butionto aviation, an d one of t.r,e gre.2~t :'..chievem8!lts of J~l1e "u.l'. ""fter tHismotor emerc;ed from tIle ox,.,erimentEd St,,,:S8, ",roduction .inc r es.sed vrith greatr.::,pidi ty, tIle Cc tober outou t eclL1g 4,200 , or near-Ly ons-tt'irc' of -01:et.ot.a L production Ui,' to th3 fir~dns. of t.z e .arrni s't i ce , The factories Em-gaged in the manufacture of this ~otor, and their total production toNovember 8, a~e listed in Table 21.

" "0" C~)l0 5:3

. '

Pd.ckard L:iot'orC<.l' Go -. -- .. __ . .. ." ... 4,054Lincoln Motel' Corljor~tion ~~ -- 3,720Ford Motor Co .. 3,025

Guneral l'oton; Cc:r).Jrati on. _.-- -- ..._- - -- •..• ----- .••. - --------------1,554Nordyke c. L':['YF,Or C~ - - -.- _ ..•. --.,. ----- --------- - .. ---.,. .. --- --- ---. '-- ....-lli..,

Total ------------~-.,.------~-~-----------------------------~3,~9~-'Of this t otv.L, S,8~'':i- y',';TC hif,h-,~om)re :;iu , 01" .rrny t~'-)8, ,em.; 3,572

lO"l_1':--con11,'r00~_)iol'l i 0:'"' i".jc~VY tY;h~" t11u l()wttc~:.' b-3ini~~:u..~:!GC'. in seup Lane s andlrtrge n.i ::;ht b0111o::;rf3.

In add.i t.ion to t.h038 iC',;;t',:i.le:.:l ill ')le:1C~3, c.bou:t 3,SCO Li,jer-(-,y noswer-e shi pped cvcr so..s , to '),J r.sed d.S 8f) .:;_l~';:; c'_nc:. fo r deli '/8J~J to tLecali t:S "

ct;jer types of srr v.i c c l)n,:::;ines, inch;c':i.n::.: .:~~!(3r;isV'.no-~,uizc' ::Jon t:I.p",the BU,:;atti, and tiw Ll 'cJrty 8-cyL.ilder,'rerf) unde r c:rcv8101ment ',";'lenhostilities coased. T~e ~ispdno-Suiz2 180 H. P. h~d alre_~y redch86.qu~nti~y production. ~early 500 8n~ine8 of this type ~er8 ;roducrrt,about half of ~hich ?oro shi~?ed to Franco and ~n~lan~ for use inforeign-built pursuit p1:n08.

'I'ab Lo 22 V8l:: c; h)[)uJnl uf tho :)ro~1;,wt~Ol1 of s or vi c« cmg:i.nos byqUQ"torly }oriods:

Table 22.- Pr oduc td on c'Y s cr-v.i c c e'1;i"£:3'~n 1'.:>16.

a l"'e o,~..rc.L~ 'J(/'~~'= .'~'lich t.ne ~:I',..~~r

.,:(Ji (.'~c'.~~~d l ...r~ j: 0 :ti ,":~iO.~1 f Lyi n :.j by JY! C c~-LnL..:~Cl~ ;;-:.' -~,l-:.i "L_~lc;~~:~!:r.o:11-~:J..ll ~~)E,>of vi z-e Le s 'c

Few f~',cili ties exiat e d for tile LiJ.l1ufc.ct"u"e 01' lilc,.l1y of t.18 ce l i cr.t.ciJ.1strurnents clYld i~r~ric(- ..t~;l'U:jChL_nif.)~;~;-) 2.0j.-;.J.~-_; :.::1-~O .;~; e ec~ui_:J~!lent cf everylJattle p l.ane , ~:'lle cO:,.:~l"(;lf;8 dl'iC~ d8tGr~':li.~1.~_'_5.0li ... ,;'ri tl'j ~Fili~'J:. t~",.e,)o r:.-:()s'-;~c~iff~';.,cultl~rob Lerns r.ro:ce .mo t dll~1 '::301 v 3C~ -'.ri 11 f O:C'L~ O.'~~~ 0 l' ~G>~G ':):"i .~;lt )L'vge sin tL3

D..r ch.i iTO G 0 r .hID ::,3ri c e.n in d ur;One of tL:; mo s t illlJ.jOr.tj~:_i1t o.~~-I.:.:._)~n't~<~,}:.p

stii'T1ulctsr1 ".~,r8.8 t~~(3 "'::3.,,Ta~1..0)LJC:::_ ..'~~ o r 'lQic~',-;

D..).;>rdci ~l-tJd '-~~:ol: ~~..~Cf '...re b ",_'11 ds_ 8~1.C~811t ,')11

units of -"-11r3 S Lac.roYJ..

,

After the d8cldrc~iol1 of ~Qr the CO~8t"uction of t~aining fields ~ro-coecled ',,:it:l su ch r'l:;idity 'cLect tl)8 dc,le ..rid for trdnill" cwuipment ,;ro.atlyG-.".~ e.ed ed t', eo, rt ",...... ",.; "1Ce .,.1~ f) J' .c+ np .. ~':' of r c 17 1" O""'VP" .1.1, 0 6""-"1,"~,"I",I ,.J..1.. '" l.'t~~lt. ..J_ i u!'.;J .c..Vl-'-"", .;,)')~J. l.J ..i-"" 1. "'>oJ -;» .... IJ.L ......J./}J J

of e Ieme nt.ary trd:\.ning~,lan8s an,:1j;-1.'~,il1CJs ::,CfJ be en mor e t:Jl1 s'..lfficiSl1tto me s t t.ho d er.x.nd a, "'"'11::.18ti:o s i t u.rta cn L,3 :ceg_,r':~f:c cr t c.in t:'Tl)GS of' 1112,',:38

for a.dvancRcl t:'i:i::"Llirl;s Les ,:.rr,,,.tly :i.ru)rOv':H.1. ,',91)ru:ci:co.f:d;oly 17,UOO ci' ..du t swere gr adu.rt.ed from j';rOc'tiC1 ,3:::>00J.2; 2,6G~~ rese rve .nL.it.ry ;:'vJ.<:,tors weregrac1uat,3c, from elGI,O)n-::':lry tl"jr,:C.l1z; sch o oLs ; <:;L'.:::,OZf2 (l.V~.ators com;Jlet"f;3l't118 c our se in c-_(!v(,~nG8d t r 'i~'l.;.'!.~~:'~~)r0Ui3(lC? i.:'1 tl-:i::~ c ou.rcr y , Peu(lin5: t.I;oprovision of,,~(h;.ClU:;\'to Oc;u:c:J1'ul t fa'" ~i)cc:i2.1ized C'i,Cl.V 2,nC0.(' trL'.ining, thepolicy \":j2,S l,;,C~O::;t .r. o.' r:-)(ll",~~:~n.,; i-3'GL~Cl.Cl,tS \l'nr;JJ'(.)a;:~fQr t: short f~.rJ.ishing C'OUrfJ8

b ef ore goi ~1g ir',:. to ('~Cti O~'l• Til ::) ::11.,or~~aLc-;0 f sh.i 11(0rl ."::0 C~1~':.r:ic D uri 'ch 8~t.f f~.ci orrtknew Ledge of 3.ir)lcLl:1es and :l~.oto,!"s "7(J,~~~118t '~'jY-~~1e e;.;'iJE~b}.iGl'rrle).1t of tr(:.iniD."ach o oLs from which ',)'Ter L'; ,OGO lc8cbmicB -.-reI',) ;.;r,.'t>.~~ed .

.itt th e C38 sa ti 011 0 f :':0 sti li ti e s '!~here '~'.rGrtJ :~n t~-~':~iui, d,!~.:: ':_~f; ,...v i.at or- 8 i n t~-leUnitod ~)tcrces 6, 528 me n , of vrh om ;:'2 ,;JG:c c o.rt 'Tere 2.Ll',;YV.\l1d ~Jc'1oclBI 37)81' cent i~Jol(p~1ent,.:~ry SCllOO~Ls, ::.116 'JJ. .~jur C'GJ:1t'in &dV3~.CGC:. t!"c.i..ini~l,~'~~ s ch o 154

'I'rie nUl.:~~JGT cf 1~L'(-3ni:l t1"',.j.ninr~:; 2\£; ~.~"/l-ator :-J ..~cr.L?..nics '::,r,-~S , J.~)!l.

.-7 .. ~1053 7FOHCES AT ThE FR0NT

Ea.r1y in 1918 tlv, fir st squadr-ens composed of Al11eriGall ..oer scnne Lpr ovr ded with French planes ap;Jearedatt.he f r crrt , The number was:Lnc r er.eed as ;l.'api,dly as equipme.nt could be 'oBtained.. On Septet.lher.'30,the (L."te of the late.st available inf.Drmatiol1,.there were 32 squadronsat th3 iront.of these l.5were pursuit" 13 observation, and 4 bombing.Txt..' first squadron equipped rei thAmei"ic2',n plan esreached the front 'inthe La.tt er- par t -o f July.

LOSSES TN BATTLEA1\JD IN TRAINING

Though the casualties in the dr force vre r e temal.L as compared witht;~.e total strength.. the casual, ty r at e of the f lyingpersoi1nel at thefront was. somewhat above the Artillery and Infantry r at es J The re-ported battle fatalities up to Oc t ooer 24 were 128 and ac c.ident fataH tiesoverseas 244. The:r.esul ts of allied and J:lmeric,m experience at the frontLnda czt,e that two ava.at.or s lose their lives in accidents for each aviatorki lbd in battle. The fatalities ut trdining fields in the Um, ted statesto October 24 were ~62,

ecmmun.ica'td.on just received fromaircraft and the Air Service as

On Amer-Lca IS errt ranc e into tlw war , the i,H~"~~30nnelof th;') ,,:11" Servieeconsa sted of 65 officers and 1,120 men, VJLlenthe armistice w as signedthe total strength was sl~htly over 190~OGO, comprising ab out, 20,000c omru s si aned of f i cer;s , over 6,000 cadets under training, and 164,000enlisted men • In addition to the cadets under training. the flyingpersonnel was composed. of about 11,000 officers, of whom appr-oximat e.Ly42 per cent were with the Expeditionary Force .when hostilities ceased.The Ai. r Service constituted slightly over 5 per cent of the totalst rengtho f the, Army.

I~secretarY Baker'. report L,cluded a

General Pershing in which he cornmerrted onfollows:

'lOur entry into the war found us ~;!ith few of thea.uxiliaries necessaryfor its cnndue t in the modern sense. l\mong our most inHnrtcmt deficienciesin material were artillery, aviation, and t.ank s , In ol'd(.~r to meet ourrequirements as rapidly 'as possible, "\78 accepted the oif at' of the FrenchGovernmerit to provide us with thenecessaryarti1leTyec~uJ..pme:nt.

In aviation we were in the same situation, and here fig;li.n the FrenchGovernment came to OUI' aid until our own aviation lwogram should be underway, 1'le obtained from the F"rench the nec e.ss ar-y planes for training ourpersonnel, and they have provided .us with a t.o ta.L of 2,676 )ursuit ..observati on, and bombing plane s , The first airplanes rec ei ved from homearri ve d in May, and altogetherv'!e have received 1,379. T!'Q firstAmerican squadr-on completely equipped by .hmerican pr-odu-v.aon , includingairplanes, crossed the German lines on August 7, 1918.

It should be fully'realiLz:ed that the hench Gover-nm.snt 11u3 alwaystaken a most liberal attitude and has been most anxious 0': ';ive us everypossible assistance in meeting our deficiencies in tL0b8 as well as inother respects. Our dependence upon Fri.'U1cef or c"rii1.lery, aviation, andtanks was, of course, due-io the fact th&.t our i),dustries had not beenexclusi vely devoted to mi li tary production, All cr edit j~' due our ownmanufe.cturers for their efforts to meet our r-equ.i.rement s., 3.:3 at tt18 timethe annistice was signed we were able to look rcrwar d to~,',e early supp.Lyof practically all our nec ee sa ties from DUrOli'n f ae t or'J 'c>,'

~1053

In. the batt).e of' 5t .. ~Jjihi e1. I gener-al, Pershing rop:)r:t.s:.

"Tho French Independont Air For~.c was pLaoed under my command which,together with the Bri:Hsh bombing squadr-ons and our air forces, gave us tholar.gest a~scmbly- of, aviation that had ever boon eng agod in one cper ata on on the

.' western f'r-orrt.,"

'''Our Aviators", says General Por shd ng , in another i)art of his report."have; no equa.Ls in daring or in fight.ing ability and have left a record of .c.o ur.agoous deeds that will ever r-emai.n..« brilliant page in th3 annals of our '/'Army." /

General Parshing, in the name of tho Prosident.has awarded theDistinguished Servico Cross to tho following of'f.i.c er s for the acts ofextraordinary horoi SIn sot forth after their names:

is t Li eutenant Goorge Willard Fur Low, Pi lot, AS, USA 103 ao ro Squadron.For extraordinary h cr oi.sm in ac td on. near Ghar ey , Franco, Scp't ernber' 13. 1918.Lieutenant Furlow" v.hile Lead i.ng a patrol of 3 mone pLace p Lanos at an ultitudeof" AOO meters. met and I}.ttackod an e nemy patrol o,f 7 moncp Laco planes. Despi tonUl!zterical euper.i.oru ty t . Li cut enan't Furlow destroyed two of t.r;e onomy's planesand with tho aid of his companions f orccd tho othcr c to withdraw.

,An Oak Leaf is awarded Li.ewt onarrt Furlow for tho following act of

extraordinary heroism in ac td on in the region of Ver-neville. France, Sept-ember17. 1918. Lieutenant Furlow whilo, on patrol with tVTO other companions mot andattacked an enemy forrrw.ti on of eight planes. In the c our so 0 f combat whicheneuod, Lieutenant Furlo'v's Planes wer-e :sevor€ily damaged by tho enemy's fire.Despite the damage, he continued tho attack until 110 had destroyed dno hostileaircraft and with his patrol forced tho remainder of the CJl1clIlY to retire. Homeaddr e ss , Mr-s. S.C. Furlow, mothcr , 504 W. College Street, Roche st.cr , 1yfinnesota.

First Lieutenant Goorgo E., Phillips, (Pilot) AS USA 50 Ae-ro Squad r-on , .For extraordinary her-o ism in action near Beffu at La Mor th ommc, Franc 0, October23; 19,1&. Lieutenant .i-'hillil)s. (pilot) ac compana ed by Lieutenant rV:.B•. Brown •..(observer) while on a reconnaissance for the 78th Division, attacked an enemyba.Ll.o on and forced it .. to de sc cnd' and was in turn .at t ack sd by 3 enemy planes(FokkertyPe}. The incendiary bullets from tho.m.~my' ~ machines sot the signalrockets in the observers cock pit afire. Disro[mrding tie pocsibiUty ofgoing down in f Lemes , Lieutenant Phillips maneuver-ed his91ano so that hisobserver was able to fire on and destroy one orrcny plane and drive the othcr oaway. He tl'6l1 handodhis firo extinguisher to Li.outonant or-own who extinguishodthe f Lames , Theyconplotec! thoir mi s sd on and s cc ur ed othor valuable information.Home addr-e ss: GeoIgr, W. Phillips , father, 122 West Market Stre .rt , Lewiston,Pennsy Lvani a •

Second Lieui;on;mt Mitchell H. Brown, (observer) AS, USA 50 AeroSquad r-on, For extl'arol'dinD.ry heroism in action near Bof'fu at La I\;;orthomme,October 23. 1918. Lisutonant or orn, (obsorvor) piloted by l..i0utonant G. R.

;Phi Lips. ,w21ile on a r cc onnad s eanc o for the 78th Di vision,. he attacked aneuemy ')alloon and ior oed it to descend. They wer o in turn attacked by 3 enemyplanes (Fok~,er-typ()). The incendiary bullets from tlll1 onemyIS ii ach i ne set thesigna: r ocke ts to::'ieutenant Brown's cockpit a--f'd r-a , DLre.G;zll'c1ing the flam Of;

he con~inued to fi~G destroying ono enemy ?lano and forcing the others to rGtir~.He thpl'l used the axti ngui ehcr hand ed him by his pilot ",ud put 01}.t the flames.TheY'.suecessfv':;'ly completed their mil-ssion and eocur ed veJ.uable information.Herre address: Mr-s. i:::i tchell 11. Brown, mother I Rockwell, 'Tex8_J.

lirst Lieutenant Ernest A. Giroux-, Pilot I lIS USA. For extraordinaryher odsm in action ne ar-Armeyer-en , France, May 22, .1918. ' Lieutenant Giroux,l~}.ileon pr.t ro L with 4 other scout p Lane s attacked an enemy f ormatdcn of 8 mono-

.... ;,laN machines. Two of Lieutenant Giroux'~companiol1s VlOr6 forced to retirewh"m thei;r 'guns became jammed • Desp'it..e numerical~,uperiority, Lieutenant Girouxcontinued the attack endoavoringto protect. his leader until finally forcedd owri and killed •.

-9-:. v 081053

Fix-st Lieut ':.'lantFra.lh Baer,a$ :j :t.C.~ pilot, lC3d Aero PursuitSquadron. "For thefoUovdng repeated ac t s of ext r-aor-d.i nar-y hcr-o i sm ti n acti onfi ve , April 12 'and 1'3. Iii!ay 8 and 21, l~l~ r) ...ieut . Baer is awar-ded a bronze 0akloaf to be wohl. on. the Distinguished Service Cross awar-ded hiin j,pril 12, 1918.Lieut. Baerbrought down enemy pLane s on. Ap.ri 1 5, April12,and on April 23', '.1918. On May; 1918, he destroyed two Gorman. machines and on May 21 he de st.r-oyedhis eighth anemy p Lane ," Next of kin. Mrs. Emma B. Dy.ar, mother J 1304 Maud .street, Fort Wayne, Ind ~ . .

First Ldcut , Wallace Coleman, Pilot, Ob.sei"vation Group, 4th Gorp s •"For extraordinary heroi;sin in action near Jaulny., FraLJe, September 12-13, 1918.On September ra, Lieut. Coleman, wi t.h Second Lied. William Belzer, obaer-ver,while on an artillery sur vcd Ll.anc e i:u<:'.sion, y.Ti-isa.":tackeli by an enemYi11an\3. 'They waited until.t he enemy v.as at 'clos6 ra:lge, fireo ;)0 rounds directly'i,ntothe' vital parts of the machine, when the mach t ne was aeen to disappear out ofcontrol. The next day Li eut s , Bel'icr and Coleman, while on a r-ec onned s sanc e.m~ssionwore'attacked Qy seven e.nemy aircraft.' Th~y unhesitcrtingly opened fire~but, owing to their guns being jammed, were f or-c ed -.;0 withdraw to our lines,where, clearing the jam, thoy 'roturned:to fi.nish tho mission. Their guns againj ammed ; and they were dd ver; b s.ck by a largo patrol of, enemy planes • Af'tal"skillful manouver a ng they succeeded in putting one gun into use and r eturneda 'third time, only tC'bo dri von l-Iack.1lnde.unted. they returned 'tt" foutth tiDieand accomplished their missloJ'l,' trunsmi tting ve.Luab Le information to theinfantry haadquarrt er-s," HO:m~1 address. R. B. CoLeman , father i 1625 Boyd .l\venu'e,Racine:) 'Nis.,

Second La eut , VIilliam Be Laerj Ob s er-ve r , ObservatiohGroup, 4th Corps,."For extraurdinary heroism in ac ta on .Iau Lny , Yx'ance ,Septem1')er 12-13, 1918. OnSeptember 12, Lieut. belzer, ,.','ith First Laeut , 'NaJlac9 CoLemari, pilot, while onan artiller~' sur vea Ll anc e mi s st on , was attacked by an anemyp1.ane. They waited,until.the enemy was at close range; fired 50,r()undsdire~tJ..y into the vitalparts o f the rracha ne , 'when the machine was. $een1;0 rJ.isuppC\81rout of control.The nextaay Li.eut s , Be Lzer and Coleman. while o-n a reconnaissance mi s sion,.were' attacked by seven e nemy ad r-cr-af t , They unn osa tatingLy opened fire, but "owi.nr:, .to their-guns' being jammed, wer-e 'forced towLthdraw to our line's, where,c leering tho jam, thoy return'3d to finish the mission. Trlair guns: again jammedand' they were dri. von back by a largo patro 1 of enemy plane s • Af tel' 'skillful .maneuver-Lngvth oy succ eoded in putting one gun .:i..rto use and returnada thirdtime, . only to beidr i.ven back ~ .Undaunted, t1.;ey, returned thiJ fourth time. andac compIti shed ";heir mission" trq,l1sm.{tting vaLuab Le information to infantryheadquarters." Horae addr-o s s , Frank B. Belzer, rj'!.usgow, Mont.

• I . •

First Lieut. William Duckat eo.n , pi.l.otl F':i.rst Aero Squadr'on . "Foz'extraordinary he r oi an in actionbotwe.:m Montrebeau and Ext3nnom", Fr8n.ce t

September 2S, 1':118. Vlhile on a special Gommandroconnaissanco to eac er t.ai,nwhether or 110tthero was any' concentration of c-iemy t.r ocp s between Montrebeauann Exermorrt , which might indicate a poe si b Le c cu-rt.er a't t ac'; , this officerob~ained information of~the very greatest value, ~ljing over the enemy at analtitude: of less than 200 meter)J , inc:pi te of t)Jostunfavorableatmosphericcond:ltiol:'ls,in the presence of numer-ous ew)lr.Y aircraft,' andunder (~(>nti.'t1uou~ heavy r::-r).8 and machd ne--gun fire frQitho ground, Li2Ut. Duck.s't.ein spo-ctedenemy troops mas sed for counterattack,.and, althotli1;n s eve re Iy wounded by a machine-gun bullet from the ground, continue.dtis mission un~il he had clearly and accurately located the ~osition. He then .returned and, thoughsuf fering from the pain. of ha s wound , suc cced ed in writingout and dropping a clear and complete message. The ccurrt er at t.ack , launchedshortly af t erwar-d by a fresh enemy division, W'l.S cruehed , and the accurate andtimely informatio,n brought back by Li.cut , Duck:atein, "ftcra Vt:1ry gallant flightunder highly adverse conditions, was of the groat.,j"t im,vorto.r1cc in this suc ce s s,"Home address) J\~rs. A. 'fT. Ducb,tein) wife, 1[1ardmb.10(J<)J.r':.s, 'lTGst, 'Vashington, D,C,

First Lieut. Alan 1'Iutt (deceased), pilot; 94'~h Aero Squadron, "Foroxtraordinary heroism ,in ac td. on near Forges, Fral:ce, September 26, 1918. Whi,.leQ'in a patrol Lieut. Hutt. encountered and unhesitatingly at tacked eight Fokkerp Lane s , After a few mdnut.c s of sever-e fighting, during which he displayed

-10- 081053

I

i.ndomitabl0 courage: and dotoruina.tion, tris ofL.~Gr shot down one of tho enemyplanes. Tot:-'.11y sur-r-ound ed , outnumbered and ,.7.i'Gho'ut atl1ou.;;h:t of a ac ape , hecontinued the attack until he VJas"hot down in f Larne s near Dd lla ncour-t ," Noxtof kin, Robor~ H. Nutt, Cliffside, N. J.

Second. Li0\J.tr Percival G•. Hart, l35th Aero Squadr-cn , "i'or cxt.raor-d i.naryhoroism in ac t.i on durLng the battle of the st. Mihiol salient, So rt.embo r 12 ...13,1918. On Sep t embor- i2,. ho made three Infantry liaison pa t rc Ls , a'ld obtainodvaluable information of the Loc.at.Lon of cur adwanc I ng line,. wl.Lch informationhe conveyed to or gam zG.tion commander-e , Bad weather condiitions n~ ce sai, tated fly-ing at a very 10VI eltitude, but, in spi to of this end rope-Ectad "ct:t.3.cks by super"ior numbers of enemy aircra:fi, he drove t.hcm off by his ac cur at e f ~re, andaccomplished his mission. On Soptomber is, he) unh e s.itat i ng.Ly lW31Tt to theaaai.at anc e of three allied ~lancs, whdch wor o be.ing ettackod by a .. arge patrolof the enemy, and by his steady fire .drov0 off the »ncmy pat r oL «nc enab Ledtho three allied planes to return." Homo af!r1rcss, .J. M. H3!.t, f a th ir , Chicago,I 11 •.1

Second Lieut. Louis C•..Simon, Jr., 147th Aero Squadron, "i"or extra-ordinary heroism in action in tho rogion of Hadonvd k te Le s Lachaus s e , Franco,September 16, 1918, 1Hhilo on a protection patrol fo:~ :\nwY'ican obacr-vat.Lon pLario sfrom the 99th Aero Squ.adron, Liout .. f.imon was fired up on by tbreo Halberstadtbiplane fighters. RegarcUefls of his p9rsonal dange:t:>1G immedi.atoly engagedthe enemy • although a.Lono, dr-awi.ng tl:cm down and Qwr}.y from the observation p Lanes ,which continued their import';..nt :"ork unmoLe at e-i , Lie\\~,. Simons continued fight-ing the t.hr eo Halborstad.ts fiercely in spa t o of t.,;e :)~~s against him. Hefinally succ(]oded in getting on the tail of ono unO. af'or firing a short burstat cLoso r ange tho enemy plane fol"l out of control. Tte r-crnai rn ng two planosquickly br oko off tto combat and headed fast with mot or- :ul1 on. Homo addr c s s ,Ifrs. M. E. Simon, Normanda e Hotel, Columbus, Ohio.

Second. Lieut. Wilbert iN. VIhit e , 147th Aer-o ; .quadr on , For extra-ordinary heroism in action in the regions of :;:i~tain H~ld Ch.Jmbley, France,Soptembor 14, 1918. Whilo protecting throe allied nbs\rvation pianos in therogion of Etain Lieut. 1l1Jhito was attacked by t hr ce SlQU er0:tadt fighters. Heengaged them immediatoly, sue ees sf'u.I Iy fighting t.heei off and leading them allaway f r-om tho obecr-vat i.on planes, wh.i.cn were thus pe rmi, ~tod to carryon theirwork unmolested. Whilo returning home he dived through a cloud to attack anenemy balloon near Charn,blov, br i.ngi ng i.t down in flames. Two Fckkor-s scoutsthen attacked him and. although h~ was a] one, wi, 'ch intr~ pid courage ho attacked'&bte first Fokker head on. shooting until it went down Lr to tc vertical dive outof control. Pulling up sharply. he fired a long t"~'2t 6 ~ the scc ond I"okkeras it went over him putting it to Immodt.at.e night. Hom, addro s s , Dr. W. iJ'!.White, 541 Lexington Avenue, Now York, N. Y.

The Balloon Se~tion is being congnatu1ated as a result of thepublication of the following orders;

H13El.dquartors Fir st Division,i\r:1eri.cfil1Expodi tionary For-cos.,

Franco, October 12, 1918.

From: Chief of Staff, 1st Division

To: Commanding Officer. 2nd Balloon CompC'.ny

Subject: ApprGr.i,'l.tion of Scrvices

1. fJ~heCommanding General, 1st Division, directs me to cxpr eas toyou his appr ec i.mc on nne tho appr-ec i a'td on of the division. for the s er vi oesrondered by your or-garri sati on during the operations participated in by 4,hi sdivision between the !,I:EUS3: and the ARGONNEfrom Se,t-ltembe:r 29th to Oct obcr 11th,iriclusi V8. 'l'he energy and alertness of your organi za't ion which enabled the

11-081053

fre-quent id;){ltification)f artillery tb.rgets were of gr,)L,t valuo to thedi vision.

J. H. GREEL:'Chief of Staff.

BALLOUN GROUPFIFTH AfiJf:{ CORPS I A,E. F-

A.P.O, 76919 Oct., 1918

Group Special OrderNo. 26

L The ontire Balloort Ser v.ice honors -;;1,0 mancuvor-i ng squad of thE!12th Balloon Company, The devotion to duty S[JJwn by tho men who composod thissquad on 1 Oct" 1918 was such as to set a glOVlil1G examp Lo to a l.L other ballooncompanies in the J\morican Expeditionary Forces,

2. Despite the fact that sholls were falling on all sides of theballoon, two so cLosc as to tear holes in t.ho fa.bric, no mart left the ropesnor faltered, well knowi.ng that death was Li ab Le to coma to t.hem at anymomont, The Safety of the balloon was their first thought; th-:;ir personalsafety second. Thej' have shown the spirit ami Loya.Lt.y which is expected oftrue so ldiers ,

3~ This ord~r js to bo read to all balloon organizations in theBalloon Group, Fifth Army Corfs, at the :;'ir;.rt formation after its receipt,

I 6th Balloon Co,7th Balloon Co,

. 8th Balloon Co.12th Balloon Co,43rd Balloon Co.C.A.B., 1st ArmyC.A.S.) (Ball. sect.)File,

By order of Naj . Jouett:

CaI'leton C. JonesLs t T .. t. A.• S.,U.S.P .• ,i~dj utant .

The following figures will give an idea of the work clone by the Sal-vage Branch: 'I'r-ansfe r r ed to other Bureaus of the V!i:JT Department, $235, ~96 .56 ;total value 'ofproperty sold, ,,;;,328,214.• 09; value of property still underoonsa der-atd on for stile, and for which markets ar e being found, $10 ,855,800 .86.Trt1.osactions which do not appear- in the above ar e , t~8.n~,fer of 27 tons of WC.fHO

paper to the Sa.Lvage Divi s.ion of the Quartermaster Corps; the transfer of nearly80,000 batteries to the SelID3 agency, and the return of 3,200 pttirs of goggleswhich proved to be def ec t i,ve to the manufacturers, f or repair, The totu.I ofthese i terns is more than ~t,.b,OOO.

Among the large :,tems disposed of by the Salvage Branch are 150,000gallons of. Lubr-Lca.ti.ng oil.. about 148,000 y ard s of canvas, ~5 L, 1;7. 1<'., airpL.nef\these ships havi.n.; been so..d to the Czecho ..Slav Governrnent, tlle sale 0 f 2,000pairs of Aviator's Gc,ggles to the 1..1, S. Navy , the transfer of a ,)3,000 unloc..din:;crane and of more t.l;o.ni~20,OOO worth of ro ad material o:~ Langl.ey Field to theConstruction Division; and 1, 346 typewriters, wM.cr. were sold to t)',e var i.oucBureaus and Government Cl.(;encie.s.

A cempai gn ha s been inaugurated to sell in open mar-ket , with tr-9 T~J-pr ovat of the Chief of the Supply Section, several hundred airships ane: 8:,1t;i:1es,1Jl1.1.lCh aer-ve d rtherr' .lurpose woll as training ships for our av.i a't or-s ,111'::' whi c),are no longer naedec , These airships, it is believed, will find a ready ~3ile in

I

-12-OSlOS3

open market an ,'1 vrill do much to ,)oVJ.lar-i zo flying in the United states. Anotherpossible market for come of tne s s a.i r-s.ri.p s is to Nations of South Ameri CD andother parts of tha I'/or1d vi;j ch iar e favorable to tile lJni ted ;::itates and ourAllies.

A.ir Service Estimu,te:J for 1920

The letter from the Secretary of t1':e Treasury to the House ofRep~eGentatives~ of appropriations required for the fiscal year ending June 30,1920 includes the following ltems for the Anny Air Servtce:

Air Service, Aer-onautd c e ----------------$ 19,933,738.47II " Production ...--------------- ~)144! 9431514 .7~

Total "ir SerYi'ce, Anny ~?l64,87rl ,253.18Total Air Service, Navy ~)225,OOO,OOO.00

AIR SERVICE, LlILITARY--

Creating, maintaining, and opar ati ng at techn i c al, schools andco~~eges, and at established flying schools, courses of iastruction foraviation students, including cost of oonst ructdon , equ.ipmerrt and suppliesnecessary for instruction and subsistence of studonts, and excluding pay ofmilitary instructors and extra pay allowed cendadat es for commission (cadets)while at flying schools. ~784,59l.92

Extra. pay allowed caad i dat.ee for corami. asd on {cadet 3) while atflying schools $381,024.00

Vocational training in trades ralLted to aviation, including theemploymont of necessary civilian instructors, purchase of tools, aqui.pmerrt ,materials, machines, text books, books of reference, scientific and professionalpapers, and instruments and material for theoretical and practical instructionat aviation schools. $325,669.20

Purchase of supplies for securing, doveloping, printing, and re-producing photographs aiad e by aerial cb ser-ver s ~p688,1l5 .20

Purchase of aviation eupp Lias and equipment to be furnished AirService organizations to be es-ta.blis:Jod during the Jear, and to maintain andr cp lac e the equipment of orsan.i.7,atioM.l a.Ir-oady iu service.

811,4SJ.,3i.3.78

Payment of mdLer.ge to officers of the Army travoling on duty inconnection with aviation. #197,38S.00

Establishment, en2-o.rgement, equi pmerrt , mai rrt anance , and operation ofaviation stations, ba.Ll.o on sch ooLs, fields for' testing end experimental work.

~5, 23S,639.37

Salaries and wages of civilian employees in the District of Columbiaor elsewhere as may b'J nece s sary , and payment of their t r ave Li.ng and othernecessary expenses. 0600,000.00

Actual and necessary expenses of officers <..no en Lict.eo men, andci vilian employees of the Army, and authori zed agents sent on special duty athome and atro&d for aviation purposes, including observation Wid investigationof foreign military operRtions and organizations. ~ 25,000.00

Experime;ltal investigation, and j)UrCiHc,e and development of newtypes of aircraft. ')200.000.uO

--------_. __ ._-------~_._._.- .._--,,-_._--_._._----------*trDMlrni tting the ostim,;ltes

-l~-OS1053

I

Necessary expen s es Lnc iderrta L to "',he adnn noi t.r at.i on of the AirService. $ 30 ~OO 00, ,,,, .

All damages to persons and pr-Lvat e property resulting from theoperation of aircraft at hO~8 and abroad" $ 15,000.00

Total amount to be appropriated under each head of appropriation:(Aeronautic) ~l~ ,P33,73 8,47

PROVIDED,That claims not exceeding ~250 in amount for damages topersons and private property, resulting from the operation of air-craft at home and abroad, may be settled Qut of the funds appropriatedhereunder, when each claim is substantiated by a survey report of aboard of officers appointed by the commandang officer of the near-eataviation post, and approved by the Director of Military AeronauticB:PROVIDED,H~r~VER, That the claims so settled and paid from the sumhereby approptiated shall not exceed in the aggregate the sum of0150 ,000.

BUREAUOF AIRCRAFT?RODUGTION

AIR SERVICE (PRODUCTION)-

AERIALAPPLIANCES,VOCA~IONALTRAININGIN AVIATIO~, ETC.: For thepur cha se I manufacrture, maintenance, repair, and operation of airships. warba1100ns, and other aerial machines, including instruments and appliances ofevery sort and description necessary for the operation, construction, orequipment of all types of aircraft, and all necessary spare parts and equipmentconnected therewith;. and all necessary buildings for equipment and personnelin any bureau or departme~t charged with the production or procurement ofaeronautical equipment and material; and also for the establismnent, enlargement,equipment, maintenance, and operation of fields for testing and experimentalwork, including (a) the acquisition of land, or any interest in land, with anybuildings and improvements thereon, by purchase, lease, donation, condemnation,or ot:1srvrise.

Total (Production) ~144, 943,514.71

CONTINUENGTPE APPROPRIATIONSFOR TJE SIGNALSERVICE: That fundsappropriated by the act approved July 24. 1917, for the fiscal year 1918, entitled111m act to authorize the President to increase temporarily tlle Signal Corps ofthe Army and to purchase; maintain, manufacture, repair. and operate airships,and make appropriations therefor, and for other l)Urposes ,II and the fundsappropr-La't ad for the Signal Service of the Army in the act approved May 12, 1917,entitled "An act making apuropriations for the suppor-t of the Army for thefiscal year, 1918,11 and October 6, 1917, for the fiseal year 1918, and prior:wears, entitled "An act makang appr-opri at Lon s to supply urgent deficiencies,etc.,", are hereby made avai Lab Le until June 3.0, 192CJ.

APPROPRIATIONIMrEDV.T~LYAVIATION: That the moneys appropriated inthis act for aviation purposes sha.l L be and become avaa lable upon the passage ofthis act, and all shall also be available for the payment of obligations incurredprior to the passing of this act. In the event such obligations are of achnr-acter otherwi se within the scope of t he appropriation.

PROVIDED, That there shall be alloted to trw Aircraft board, by thetead of the Bureau or DeFartment charged with the production of aircraft, fromthe appropriations herein made for aircraft production for the fiscal year i91S I

ann 19~O, the sum of 100,000.00 or so much thereof as may be necessary, whichmoney aha.I l, be available during the fiscal year for the payment of such clerks, orother employees, either in the District of Columbia, or elsewhere, as may bene oe asa.ry for the conduct of its business, including 81..'.c11technical experts andadvisors as may be found nec e s sa.ry ; and for the payment of rental of offices inthe District of Columbia or elsewhere, pur chaee of neco s s ary office equipment andsupplies, including aoi er.t i f'Lc publications, printing, necessary administration,and contingent ex ien se s of said board.

- - --- --_._..-#- - ---_ ..- ---

031053

AVL'\T I ON, NAVY--For aviation, to be expended unde~c~ht.d~rection of the Secretary

of the navy for procuring, producing, orJeflt~l'rf3,1~if'oring, and hand'Li ng ad r-cr-aft ,est.ablishmant and me.a nt.e nanc e of aircraft s+'J.t:;'ons, including the acquisitionof land by pur chas e , donat.i on or condemnation, and for exper ime nt.a.L work indevelopment of aviation for naval purposes, ((:220,383,119) $225)000,000:PROVIDED,That the sum to be paid out of this appropriation under the directionof the Secretary of the Navy for drdting, clerical,; inspection, and messengerservice nor aircraft stations shall not exceed ~300,OOO: PROVIDEDFurther,that the Secretary of the Navy is hereby 8.uthoTized to consider, ascertain, ad~j uat. determine and payout c f this approprilation the amounts due on claims fordamages which have occurred or may occur to private' property growing out of theoperations of naval aircraft.

Navy 'fatal/

$225,000,000.00

I

RETURN or OUTsRCLOTdING1'TORNHOMEBY____ ...;D...;,I::.;~P.GEDIv~]E;:;:N.;.... _

Army Regulations, provide that within four months after thetermination of his ac t i ve service an enlisted Man Shall return all outeruniUorm clothing which he was permitted to retain for wear to his home, bymail, under a franked label furnished him for the pttrpose, and in conformitywi th instructions given him at the time. All outer uniform clothing shouldbe returned to the Office of the Zone SuppLy Officer in whose, zone his homeis located, thus centralizing the return of all such clothing at zone supplydepots where same will be turned 'over to Salvage Division.

The Chief of Staff announces that Transport Adriatic sailed fromLiverpool on the afternoon of December 1st for New York with the follOWingAir.Service troops, totaling 90 officers and 2213 enlisted men:

83l;lth Aero Squadron

338th Aero Squadron

336th Aero Squadron

334th Aero Squadron

472nd Aero Squadron

377th Ae3ro Squadron

837th Aero Squadr-on

4th Construction Co •• Air Servi ce

6th Construction Co ., Air Service

7th Construction Co ., Air Service

8th Construction Co " Air Service

9th Construction Co " Air Service

When the ..,ar broke out Lieut. Lew Wallace Taylor was a theologicalstudent in a Presbyterian seminary at Hastings, Neb. A year later found him aballoonist engaged in a work which ~as as far removed from his fomler occupationas anything could be. Now thc,t he has returned to his native land to resume

-15- 1053

I

his 'civilian life, Lt. 'Taylor feels that his experience has been bothbroad~i~g and profitable from the point of view of a clergyman.

"I entered the Army as a buck priva~er"' said Lt. Taylor, "workingmy way up and have had 'an opportunity to stu-J men with the veneer rubbed off.Ths conduct of our men particularly in the aviation which I have observed moreclosely, has been splendid throughout the war ,"

Lt. Taylor was a pilot attached to the First American Balloon sent tothe front. He was in the thickest parts of the battles at Seichpre and ChateauThierry. On two occasions during these engagements his balloon was shot down byHun aviators and he was compelled to descend to earth in a parachute.

Lt. Taylor enlisted in the artillery onMa~5, 1917, and was sent toFort Niagara. for training. He went over-seas in December and completed histraining as an aerial observer several weeks later.

As soon as he is granted an honorable ~ischarge Lt. Taylor expectsto retunn to the theological seminary and finish his course. Lt. Taylor livesat St. Edwards, Neb. where he makes his home with his aunt and uncle. Mr.. andMrs. Madison O. Smith.

The tot'al membership of the Air Service Clubs' Association is nowvery near' the thousand mark with membership campaigns being conducted in almostevery field. At Kelly Rield, Texas, a meeting of the officerS was recentlyheld at which plans were made to enroll members in the Association. Officersat that field declared the !~r Service Clubs' Association ,was the one organi-zation that every man should join, as they pointed out, a t. w se the onlyorganization that had received official santion of the Govermlent.

Returning Aviators from France in almost every case, are joining theAir Service Clubsi Association. Applications are a Lsc being received from men'in the Naval Branch of Aviation. The Balloon Section has also responded, ine. Grati fying manner.

Fromotior.s during Octoper, 1918

(In order of Seniority ',iVithin Ue different Grades) •

To COLONEL

Prentice, Jillnes,Jones, E. Loster

To ~f.AJOR

Mulliken, Harrell- Jones, Geor~e L.

Pourron, Joseph FranklinCrane, Charles B.Fleet, Rouben Hollis, JMA'ifhi t e, James M.Nevi Ll.e , Eugene ElmerStratton, George Malco1n

JMAer

Good, J. WilliamSteichen, Edward J.Amory~ Roger, ffiAAMinott, HaroldPackard, John H. 3rdHammond, Charles H.Schroeder I Rudolph Y! 'f

. Negley 1 Richard V. VI.Ri\1A

..16- OS1053

To CAP'l'AIN

mJIA

RMA

m.5AF1JIA'RMA

RMA(':,urch, George rvI~McKean, Henry P.De Steiguer, 1]'[a1ter Geor geBrewer, Scott R.Shap}ell, Map]e D., RMAnotton, Thomas A., P]JfAPierrepont, R. otuyvesantLittle, ArchibaldEolter, Bennett A. Rr,'AFelton, James B.ric Craw, Le Hoy E.Rooney, Bernard P.Carri:-;an, Robert, MCKi~berg, George J.Mann, Lawrence C.,Wc Cabe, Dayid A.eNd s. E~d1)rinP.Hondry, frank C.Clu.rk, John M.Patterson, Ceo , B.,King, Royal VI.Macready, John A.,Roberts, ISEtIiliC '?"Hobson, Henry B.Har tman, Harry B.,Strahl:mU1, otto E.1f;Jilliams, Edward L. Jr., RMASmi t.h , Lowell H., RMA.Rell, Clarence C. I RMASchelling,George L" RJViAMerri H, Ri chard S.Walser, Arthur C.

Leonard, J • Cecil, ~lJIA

RMA"

ruili.l~BMA

J:r '}

Ramsey, Joseph W.Ba~nell, ~dgar W.Law, Bernard A.,Ord~ay, Lucius P,Rogan, James S. 'Heffner, Roy J.Earle., Mur.ray, RMA,'Fuchs, John O.Rotan, George l[.Jones, John P,"ontfort, ~Pij~s B.Whitsit~~ Vincent P.1!'Jieners,Fred B.Lord,A,l.port C.Cleary;.t Maurice G.Dick$~n, Charles M.Reece, Henry E.Hoag, Earl,S., HMAWillcox, Albert M.'Abney, Louis D., Rl'lASmith, Felix T., RMASChlusse1, Jacob 5.McKitmey I Michael A. Jr ...Hannon, Clifford B~Muse, Donald P., ~~AVogel, Harry J,Hi lliard, Thomas J., ill/AJames, John A.Jacob, Walter P., ru~ABattles, 1r.rinthrop H" F.MAPillsbury, Edwin S.TIat8on, Harold E.) RMAByrnes, J ane s E.Mills, Harold P.

ITo FI2ST LIEUT;r;rrANT

RMAmeA

R,l'Ul.m'I'Af1t:A

Ec Lean, George W; Jr.Ford, Fr-ed M ~Heebner, Miller B.Lake I~?riLl.i em F.Giesecke, Bertram E~Pendleton, J umes D., RMAr:alters, harvey H., mu.Koontz, Leonidas L;, 8VABorum, Fred S.,Scott, Grant E.,Slattery, ?rank E"Zipse, Arthur E.Sanborne, Paul F;,Price, Har-Low R; ,Bijur, Harry,Merriman, FrederickLewis, Tracy H.Hilliard, TIalter B•.I'i~c Cormick, Cyrus E. Jr • .r.

C'Velveny, stuartVumby, Earle 1\11..Rockford, James L,Rowlus, Edgar S~Hc,"'kG, Harol-d PIDavis, 16lton;i,

Brennecke. August.us E., FWALewis , James C.Ro ge r s ,:;"Yi'.er:r t:.I\rac bey, Si dhey J.COlGman, 7lUGf30ll L.Fo r shey , ired 1.7.I,i;cnr , Jarne s H.Ford, B~rnard B ..Bax t er , MaxwellBell, Cecil K.Carberry, James P.,Colmery, Harry 1.7.Davis, Richard E.Mc Borrow, William r.HopkL1S , . MarkEisenchimel, Milton C.Nutt, Clifford C.; ruAACsrr, '7ayne J,~.Df;€i've s,~dwil1. P.liiit~rj., fra:nci s H. I m~AT' ' •.,ib", ""T'11' ,,,. ru"J'u':":'lv,',,:l~,:l8!n ..J., '.. \.Jones, Edward D., PJ,IAJeffries iSimeon J, Jr.,RIJIABirkett f t'ioward, ru'lIABunnen, MirOn

Five army airplanes are on the way in a trans-continental flighthaving left Rockwell Field, San Diego, California, on December ib, bound forEl Paso, Texas. The f Laght is under the command of Major Albert D Smith J.M,A,tnow in charge of training at Ro ckv-e Ll, F'i eLd , His request that if his planesreach El Paso on time they be allowed to continue to the East and complete atrans-continental flight has been granted by r(ajor General Kenly, Director ofMilitary Aeronautics. If comple+-ed this will bo the first military crosscontinent flight in formation in history and officers are watching itsprogress with great interest.

.

I

Anderson, 1ilal.Lp;;e A.Hall, Frank L.33rgbom, Charles E.3curgoine, Joseph JohnHarlo111J I Leo M.Blackburn, Ernest W.I'lac Neill, Homer C.:ioche, Felix R,Si;lJpSOn, Jesse '''" RMAPfau, George H, .Merrell, Cyrus, \If" Ball.Lod gc , Welline liT., fiA1AAllen, Albert D., ~JA.r'.shwell, George C.Kans , Clarence P.Benham, Reid F., WJAArmstrong, John F.Thomas, George K.Downs, Wilbur H.McLaughlin, Albert J.Moon, Charles Iv!., ThY/\.1~ryman, Everett L.Barrett, Clement J.O'Brien, I!:atthew H., RMiI.Trevellyan, Vernon B., ru~AMarriner, Alfred W.Kelleher, Melvin B., PMAMeany, John 1;1., RMA

,

,/' 081053

Chrysti e, EdYJard P,B1~ookst Martin V. B,Anderson, Albert E.Dean, f;i Ll.i am ~.Downs) Frederick ~.Jacobs, 1.tilliZ'J'l'l F.Fenech, Francis E.Halsted, J~~es E.[avis, John E., ~ACulp, Alexander B.DeShields, Ch,,;rles B., ?cMAGilman, Arthur R" PMACl&rkson, ?cubert C. Jr.Clark, Clifton 'IT •Brown, Harry D., mSABentley, Frank H., HMASchroeder, WainwrightMe Par land , Norman D.lVeJ.sh, Floyd E .• , fJAABillups, Val r(,., :R!i1ARoberts, Carroll h., RMAHar-r eLl , S~.:unuolC., RMABuckmaster, Samu oL A., RMACurt~s, Tobin S., miliALamborn, Charles VI q RMAOh ember-Li n , iilorgan G.Duke, Jack E, Jr., ffi~A

After leaving El Paso it is expected that tho planos will stop atKelly Fi old, San Antoni 0 I Texas; EllingO~on Fi eld, Houston, Texas; Ctll1lpTaylor, Monti:,omery,Alabama; Souther Field, l1.Plericus, Georgirl; Dorr Field,Arc ad i, <;1, Florida, thus com)leting t:16 fli:.sht from the Pac i f'Lc to theAtlantic.

The resignation of Hc..jor John H. Packard as Officer in Char-ge ofthe Aeronautical Information Branch was announced this week. L':ajor Packar-dreturns to his home in Philadelphia to re3ume his business. Major Packardwas presented '''i th a monogrammed gold and si Lver' cigarette case by thecivilian and military members of the Information Branch.

I~..... Q, 0,

I « .1Il w W

l/)\~to",..'~" I W '-- n::DATE

., 'r ,." I I- m wI~ ~j .-- 0.. L'.' >""7 Z 0 :J

'1

081084

WARDE?AR'nri':;NTAir Service

Division of Military Aeronauticsl'Tashington, D.C•

vVEEKLYNE1,'IS LET'rER- 'ilEEK ~IJDING SATURDAYDECEr.'BER14, 1918

PRODUCTIONRECORDOF AIR SERVICE

At the time the armistice was signed contr.acts had been awarded for themanufacture of 99.9S3 Dle~~ Motors of which 31,814 had been actually built,Of this number 15.131 were Liberty Motors, more than half of the originalnumber of Liberty Motors for which contracts had been made. The first contractwas subsequently raised to 51.100 Liberty ~~elves. In October 5,603 motorswere turned out ~rith a contemplated production of 8,000 in January. 1919, and10.000 a month for the following four months. Contracts alse were awarded for10.000 Hispano-Suiza, 300 horse power motor, 8,000 Liberty eights and manyother motors. Besides this, 12,000 airplanes and seven hundred kite balloonswere manufactured during the same period.

These figures recently disclosed by the War Department show the strideswhich have been made to enable the Allies to obtain the dominancy of tse air.Had the war kept on there is no doubt in the minds of well informed officialsthat supremacy of the air would have f allen to the Allies in a very short time,

statistics recently made pub Li c show that up until the time the armd s td-c ewas signed, 38.000 machine guns of the Marlin type had been pr-oduced inaddition to 30.000 of the Lewis type. These figures are interesting in viewof the fact that production at the atart was negligible. Another interestingstatement made was that 250 airplane compasses a week wer-e manufactured bythe General Electric Company wi thin eight weeks to meet an exigency.

The names of the concerns engaged in the manufacture of Liberty' enginesand the number produced b:w each were announced. The Packard Motor Car Co.made';6.000; the Lincoln Motors Company, 6,000; Ford Motor Company, 5,000;Nordyke and Marmon 3,000;. General Motors Corporation, Buick and CadillacCompanies, 2,000 each and the Trego Motors Corporation, 500.

On the subject of spruce and linen some interesting statements were made.It was said that to the United States fell the task of supplying the sprucefor the aeronautical programme of the Allies as well as its own. In'Octoberof last year 5,000,000 feet a month was demanded while the maximum productiononly totaled 2,500,000 feet. In the same month of this year the requir~entswere 20,000,000 feet a month which WqS met with a production of 25,000,000,To procure this amount of spruce 30,000 men were employed in the Northwest.To supply sufficient quantity cotton fabric as a substitute for Irish linen,2,500 looms were manufacturing 1,200,000 yards a month when the armistice wassigned. Up to that date more than 13,000,000 yards of fabric had beendeli vered to the go vernment •

"Promotion of Reserve Officers to continue" says Bal.e r , In an. intarv~~.granted to newspapermen recently, Secfy of War Baker outlined the WarDepartments policy as affecting promotions and appointments of officers, as

.'f oLlows ;

"The order prohi bi ting promotions and appointments to commissions found ~1a great many men who wer-e in process of preparing for a commissioned service \:::::Jin the training schools, andi a substantial number of officers who, having m~~ \good in the particular grade in'which they were serving, had been recommendW ~for higher grades, their papers being in the process of passing through The ~..Ad;<~t;nt General's' office when pr-omotd.one were suspended. "'-- ),~ ~

/:2 - B/ - / J I.~~

-2- OSl084

"The policy of the Department with r-egard to these cases is to let the menwho were in training for commissions complete their training course if theydesire, and on their graduation from the schools to commission them in thereserve with the grad e attained in the school, if they want it. I n those casesof men in the service who ~ave been recommended and approved for promotion, thepolicy, so far as it is possible to carry it out, is to give them on going outa commission in the grade to which ihey have been recommended, so that if a manis a lieutenant and has been recommendeD and approved to be captain, if he wantsa reserve commission he wi Ll, receive a captain's reserve commission, and if heshould be called back into the service he will le called back as a captain.

liThe obj ect of the Department is to allow no man to lose rank by reason;;of the signing of the armistice, if he had in fact matured for the new rank. Ifhe was in the process of maturing, we want to continue, so far as ppssible. togive him the opportunity to win the new rank ."

RECENT AERO STATISTICS SHOW GROrrTH OF SERVICEIn a letter from Secretary of War Baker dated November 20th. General Pershing

stated that a totaQ number of 4.045 pursuit, obse:t:vatd on and bombing airplaneswere in use at the front. Of this number, the letter added. 2,6'76 were obtainedfrom France, the others from the United States.

Up to Nov. 23d of this year, a.933 reserve military aviators have beentrained in the United states. The attendance at treat time at R. M. A. schoolswas 1620, and the graduates of advanced schools numbered 3.535; the total numberof ground school graduates admitted ~o flying instructions was 22,658. Thenumber of fliers, including pilots and observers, who were trained abroad, upto Nov. 6. 1918, Was approximately 2,300.

Total mechanics trained at American schools up to November 15th was 14,176.On November 25th the total strength of the Air Service was 161,559 officers andmen. It will thus be seen that the A~r- Service was larger than the entireUnited States Army at the beginning of the war.

The development of military aviation has required the establishment of40 army flying training schools, 5 schools of military aeronautics, 8 balloonschools, 3 radio schools, 3 photographic schools, and 14 air depots.

RESERVE OFFICERS TO BE PE:.RMITTEDTO FLY EACH YEAR

Officers of the Air Service, Aeronautics) who remain in the Reserve Corpsfollowing their discharge from the regular service) will be permitted to flyArmy planes even after their release from active duty. This information is ofspecial interest to the j~my pilots now leaving the service, as moat of them hadexpected that they would have to give up flying or bUy a plane. Although some.thing like air livery planes are foreseen in the near future, the present costof a plane is equal to the price of the most expensive English or Frenchautomobile, a price prohibitive to most flyers, mld even though an expert pilotmight be able to arrange for a IIjaza'' flight in some ship capable of fifty orsi»Xymiles an hour, if he had been accustomed to flying planes doing from 90 to

:135 miles an hour, it would be tame sport for him and of little attraction.

According to present plans, reserve officers of the Air Ser v i.ce, MilitaryAeronautics) will be called to flying fields for active duty for a period ootto ex~eed two weeks each year. There pilots who have not flown for some time,would be sent up, first) under an instru~tor in order to demonstrate theirability to handle a ship. After the dual control flight they would be permitted

"to fly solo during their period of training service. In the event of anotheremergency, these flyers would immediately be taken into the service again ascommissioned officers wi thout further training or instruction.

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REPORTOF THANS.CONTINENTALMJiP-M.AKINGTOUR

OSl084

In a wire report dated Tucson, Arizona, December 6th, to the Division ofMilitary Aeronautics, Major Albert D. Smith, commanding the squadron of fiveplanes on the way East from Rockwell Field, San Diego, Cu.lifornia, said that the"'work of map making and loc.ation of landing fields f or the Southern trans,.continetl.t ..al air route was proceeding satisfactorily. One plane was lost in a fog over the"'\Arizona desert on the first day ~ut and in the forced landing that resulted, this (plane suffered such damages that it had to put back to Rockwell Field. Part of 'j

Major Smith's report follows:

"In compliance with instructions five IN. 4 H. planes departed from NorthI sland at 2: 30 P. M. on December 4th. One plane became separated from thesquadron on account of a heavy desert fog lying low along the East side of themountain range. This plane was forced to land at Ellentro, damages resulting,and the f allowing morning it returned to San Diego. The four other planes landed'at Calexico, Camp Beacon. This field is considered too small for practical usesbut the Calexico ohamher of Commerce will gladly enlarge the field if requested.The four planes proceeded on thei'r way, starting from calexic 0 at 12 :00 noonDecember 5th. Navigated by compas s, the squadron cro.ssed the desert. No possiblelanding fields were seen on this course.

"The squadron picked up the Southern Pacific railroad tracks at Yuma. Nolanding field available this place at the pr-esent time, although one can bearranged. Following the Southern Pacific to Gilabend few available landing fieldswere noted on this course. At Gilabend the squadron left the route of theSouthern Pacific and took a North Eastern course by compass direct to Phoenix.Landing fields are available along the Gila River for nearly the entire distancebetweeni.Gilabend and Phoenix. All the planes landed at Phoenix safely on thefair grounds, which was snall even for. a squadron of this size, However, at myreque st the fieldon the ground was enlarged to proper si ze , The city of Phoenixis very anxious to assist in every possible way, even to the extent of erecting a.hangar if needed. The city of Phoenix has asked that the landing field here benamed "Luke Field".

"Upon examining planes here it was found necessary to change one propeller,which we were able to do, having carried two extras along with us. Minoradjustments were also ma.de on other planes.

If On the sixth the weather was cloudy the entire 'day wi th light showers.

"Leaving at 2; 45 P. M., December'. 7th, the squadr on , resuming its flighttowards El Paso, took a Southeastern course by compass, locating suitable landingfields under us for practically the entire distance to the Southern Pacificrailroad tracks at Casasgx'and" From this point the squadron followed the SouthernPacific tracks to Tucson, locating landing fields in the valley adjacent to therailroad for the entire distance.

"Tucson has a perfect landing field available. 200 acresrolled for our use and the city is Y'il~"ing to erect a hangar.niles from the city.

are leveled andThis field is 2t

"We will probably land at Deming, NewI-lexico for supplies, having encountered~ twenty-five mile wlnd from the East since leaving Calexico."

AERIALCONTESTf:i

One of the functions of the Air Service Clubs' Association is to encourage~ontests in the air, both for heavier .. and lighter-than-air craft, among thefliers of the Air Service, by the award of prizes for meritorious flights andacht evemerrt s ,

It is probable that an homologation cornmi t t ee , whi ch w.i Ll, witness and passlPOl1 aeronautical test~, flii:,:hts and achievements for official record, wi.Ll, also beluthorized, by the Associatio~ This cmnmittee ~ill undoubtedly consider aertinauti~al achievements outside the service if its ooservation is desired.

-4-

AIR SERVICE

OS1084

The following organizations have been assigned to early convoy accordingto an announcement made on December 9th, by General Peyton D. ~rch.

14lst Anti-Aircraft Machine Gun Battalion, 26 officers and 753 men;

loth Anti-Aircraft sector Headquarters 3 o f f Lc e r-s ;

6th battery 2 officers 63 men ; .

7th battery 2 officers 61 me n;

'8th battery 2 officers 60 men;

9th battery 2 officers 62 men;I

The deve Lopnerrt of voice control of airplanes in flight recently demonstratedpublicly for the first time by Colonel C.C. Culver before President Wilson andothers, provides an interesting story. The idea of giving command by voice to

,a fleet in the air was first conceived by Colonel Reesand Colonel Culver -i~~October 1910 while on duty at the International Aviation Tournament at B~t tPark. In August, of the same year, Colonel Culver and H. M. Horton, (nowCc:~ptainin the Air Service) established communication by radio telegraph froman airplane in flight to the ground at an aeronautical meet at Sheepshead Bay,New York. Captain Horton built the transmitting set and Colonel Culver thereceiving set.

{/Five years later G~1onel Culver was sent to the Aviation School, San Diego,C2lifornia, for the purpose of studying the practicability, and for the purposeof working on the general program, of radio for airplanes. For more than a ye8..rhe worked on various devices. Telegraph apparatus was designed and built whichenabled the establishment of cow~unication from airplane to ground, fromdistances up to 140 miles. On September 2, 1916, a message was trctnsmitted fromone airplane to another in flight for the first time. It was about this time thattlle development of radio telegraph set for airplanes was undertaken.

{'COlonel Culver continued his experimenting and in February, 1917 I ~ trialof the radio telephone set resulted in the transmission of the human voicefrom airplane to ground. On May 22nd. of the S~le year, General George O. Squier,Chief Signal Officer, called into conference Colonel Rees of the Royal FlyingCorps. Dr. F. B. Jewett of the Vre~tern Electric Company and Colonel C.C. Culver,U. S. A'I for the purpose of which was to discuss Air Radio TelephoneCcmmunic~tion. In order to bring the problems in connection with the developmentof voice control in concrete form to the attention of the radio telephoneengineers in the country, a memorandum was given to Dr. Jewett covering thegeneral requirements of an alr Radio Telephone Set. General Squier thenorganized a Radio Development Section of the Signal Cerps in charge of Lt.Colonel Slaughter. A private exhibition of the demonstration of telephoniccommunication from an airplane in flight was given on Au.gust 22nd, beforeSecretary of War Eaker and Chief of Staff General Hugh L. Scott at Langley Field,Va. In the Fall of the same year Colonel Culver was sent abroad taking with himsets of various types of apparatus, in order to demonstrate to the officers ofthe U. S. and allied forces the practicability of the idea. On the return ofColonel Culver to the United states in the present year, under the immediatesupervision and with the whole-hearted support of Major General Wm. L. Kenly,pirector of Military Aeronautics. there has been continuous progre~ made inthe:working out of tactical problems through the use of the wireless telephoneand the development of it. a¥plication to various air service activities. J~

OSl084

In his annual report Secretary of Navy .Iosephus Daniels pays h i gh tributeto the Aviation Lr-anch of the Navy. 'The expans i nn of Nava L Aviation ~t isstated has been of gratifying proportion z.nd effectiveness. Statistics showthe total enlisted and e cmmis al oned personnel on .Iu Ly Lst , 191'8, numberedapproximately 30,000 •. Of th5.s number, 823 wer-e t,~ained navaL ava a't.or s, Therewere 2052 student o f f'Lcer s , 1:100 ground officer:", 7,300::'rained mechanics; and5,400 mechanics in trainL1g.

Declaring that Naval Aircraft had been a big factor in the war, Sec~etaryDani eLs in his report declares tr,at p Lans are being made Lor its p ermanency anddevelopment. The Secretary ~:1aid tribute to tlile Ordnance Bur eau of the l!c::'wisNonr ec ed I Aircraft Gun, which is declared to be itA Great M:i.les-t.one in AircraftArmament ."

The recent anno unc emsrrt that 8. 4- engi ne Hr.nd Ley-Page airplane has made atrip over London with forty pas se nger-e , among wh om i¥;8re ten women, takes us onestep further in the sub j ect of aer La.L paae enger tr8:::1Sport .

.Following this a cc ompLiahad fact, it is learned through official Britishsources that a passenger r o.rt.e has been p Lanr.ed from London to Paris. Theconveyance is to be a mouern bomber, one of the DB mach ine s manu f ac tur ed by the

.Briti sh and Golonial Air craft Factory. 'l'he trip viill t ake two and a half hours.The airplane will leave tl:e c.er-o dr-ome at Hendon,' near Lo nd on , at 10: 30 in themorning and wi Ll, r-each the Par-Le aer odr on,e cot 1 :00 P.M. The airplane f ar e willbe fifteen guineas •

. A pas s enger route from London to Paris. Something new~ Not. at all. It hasbeen done ovor and over again dura r-g the past four years of 'Nor I with J.ess regular-ity to be sure t.lan a passenger time-table shows end without the char-go of fiftoenguineas, but the 'unrle'~taki;1S and i.t s :;;rocedLlre and 1ts result shave beennr-ac tLca Lly tte same. The pa s s enge r servico in time of pe ac e means merelyapp Ly i ng the ncrma l conditions whrt has already been done in the military service.TJ:',e question becomes one of routes made pr act.ac ab Le by sui t2.Q lelonding fields, ofmucrri nee large enough and comfortable enough to car-ry a suf' f'Lci.en t, number of.liCJ.ssangers to make -the pr-op os ito.on a paying, 0110, and of a preliminary charting ofair channels 01' routes to supp Ly 'che i.nformation ue ce s sar-y for a nava ga't.or ,

The air tr:Lp from j:';'igland to Kgy:p.t Las be en made, not as a Jspec t.ac uIar-per f ormanc e but in tte cour-se of or da nai-y routine. 'I'he di13tance as the plane

flies is over 2,000 miles. The mach i ne used was an ordinary service ma cni.ne of theROydl Air Force. It car r i.ed s eve r a.l of :ficers and tyro me cr arri cs ,

About a ye ar 3.g0 a non-stop fli:;Lt was made from London to Rome. This was00n8 'in an Itd.Han pLarie I and since tLen a ha.:1dley.Pag0 hat) r epe at ed the per-formance.

Plans are well underway in Eflgla.nd to es't ab.dsh a cr-os a-Oha nne L pas s enger-service to Ireland. TLis r-out e and the London-Paris r out e ':rill remonstrate thead vant agee of ad.r-p Lane tn,'iel over '.i:~lat wo uLd o t.hs rwdse be a nixed :"and and watertrip by car and boat. Sncll cha.ngss of conveyance mean loss of -l;ime, )erfionali~o,onvenj;.ence, and adrted cost wher e f r-eigh t, express, or b;ag?,;o.;::;8is a nve Lved , Allof these Lnc onveru.enc es c ou Ld be ooli tel:d.t()d~)y the aa r r out e ,

Obvaous Ly , the ai.rp Lane sh cr-tono d i stcnce , sho r-t eus time, obliteratesmountains, forests, deserts, swcmpe, Si3:')s.rc1.tin~; wat er s , and all similar obstruc ..tiona OT delays in tl~8,V81in~ over t>8 eccrth':~ t,urLlce. Perhaps one of the moststriki:1g examp Les of +,;,ii1 o ccur-r-ed el. or-t.Ly aft er tfiS Armistice was sigped, wh en itwas neeessary for the British Cener a.l, at ~30iiu. to reach Salo:nica to receive and.::i.gn certain impor"~antiJC.~pers. bc/c''VGent11':38e t,'iO )lace8 lay the rock-ribbed1110Ul1taillGof tilt'; 3ulgal~ian and If,ace:loni,,',n lands. Ordinarily the journey would;:[ne takr:Hl two (12,Y8. B~' ai r-pLane it t.o ck just two ho ur-e,

-6- 081034

~10W) at t]1e close r: tLe Wa~o, ~.'8 ~:l.r!r1our' ,.c.~r,jJ.dne ';';:lC;"v\ut:-y :CL,rwing atalmost its maximum efficiencYi and ever- a.id c~gain '~r-e Question is ",sked) Whatare we to do wi th all thiG out.put of p Lane s , eng.i ne e , and gr-cunc equipment? w~.thall thi s force so car-e f uLLy trained on J';{18 moc.i 'Lic,;.l side? '.i tr, ,,11 Lhe pilots)aer-i a.L observors, photograph .r s , b.-,10 ot.l.er spec i a Lxat s , '''hop) the Gov':3rnment hewbeen at such expens e to ed •.icat.e and mai rrt.aan in its ex't en si ve vrar- pro&rarn? Isthe effort put forth so far .. 0 be af.Lovred to go to waste) 3.ildche Air Serviceestablishment to dwi.nd l.e , wh i Le 'the courrt r-i.es of Europe are t.ur-m ng .thenecessi ties of war into the ad vantages of peace? It stands to r-eason that vtemust Q,uild upon what we lose a.Lr eady dor.e , Ens:U.sh aer cnaut s are a Lready wr-i tine;volumes in which app e ar cot'.s)ic,-,ously r;u~h capt::'O!'Hl as "Grec.t T'ritain j'/Iistress ofAir and Sea" J and L1 wh i.ch cnapt er-a are devoted to tho future commer-c i aL develop-ment of all kinds of a'i r cr ef t ,

r.tore than a y ea r and a half f-l30 t til". G. HoLt Thomas) one 0 f the fonnostaircraft manufacturers in Engla~d, in an addre8s b~fore the Aeronautical Societyof Great Bri tc:,.in) estimated the c'ommer-cd.al, possibilities of the airplane fo l'

passengor, mail) Find expr-e e s t.r enspcr-t , his figures) he said, e.Ll.owa ng for thoincreasing speed of new trpes of 1J 18.':1e8, n:ight well be cut in half "rithin a sh or-ttime. Even then he found passa:~.;.:;er and mail trips from London to T,Iarseilles andfrom London to Co nst an t i.nr ..ple or l/oscow) wh oI Ly p ro f'd.t ab Le at a penny per ouncefor mail for the shor t or trilJ and c't t1:7o.:..anc;-a..half pence for' the longer, and ap e.s s enge r faro to~.1E,rs)iL.es of t'3d p cund s , 01' Le s s -U~al1 ~50, 8,11d to ConstentinDpleor f'oscow of twenty-five pOUDd,3) 01' less them \?75. Allowing Lor t.he great re-r1uction in tirne on a matt.ar of ur,,,;ent busa.ue s s , this might well be regarded as acons i der-ab Le reduction in expense. ;'Te wny fi~jUr3 t.he )os3itili ties of such ser-vice by the ana.l ogy that VI'. Th()Y:'u.Gsut;ges~s. he r emands us of the Pony Post inPmerica when letters w er-o car-ri od 2,000 nu Le s Ln Gip),t days at a cost of $5 8.

letter. The great t.nunk lines of the '''eft cnc: th<Jir br c.nches , which have supe r-s eded the Pony Post) sug;~pst what the a81'i~,:l.mail routes of tr~e future) in thiscountry, may be. ji.lready our shorter r-out es ];aVG been operated with sufficier:tpro f i t to a.L'l ow a reduotion in postage from 16 c ent s to 6 cents an ounce.

For passenger service, unc:culJiedly thu Zeppalin is t11e m ost profitable formof.aircraft, Briteill hELs0een co')yin:s SOr.16 of tb3 Cerman types) one. of which)650 feet long, with 5 en.ri.n es var.d G. crew of 30) c ar r ie s 4.5tOtlS of cargo and 100passengers. Out own ArJilY balloon ser va oe is taking up agrri.n t;-l~; development oft.he dirigible) which was sus.iend ed at t lie beginning of tho war to give the llavypr-ef er enc e in the limited o ut.pirt of ":'his type of c r-af t , TLere sc ems to be nor e r.ecn why tLe work on tLe dir:.git:le should not '..Ie continued. It is feasible for.11any . commor-o i e.l, uses.

Doubtless) for many years t he aar-pLr.ne will be for pr i,vH.te US8 on a par wi t~l

t.l.e rich man's yacht) at lease in resions of dense )OlH1ltl":.ion. But why c an itnot be used .. to adv arrt.age in the gr-eat at.r et.ches of the Mic:.dle 17est and South,by r-anch ownor s , and l'~'hm,.t cronen;) and co-tton p Larrt er sj It is e a syrt o se e theadvant.agee of quick t.r ave L'a n theue cases) and ground ac ccmmodat i on could beeasily arra':1gerl for.

for coas t and geodetic surv ey ; for COnf:ferV2,'c::..onand re'clcJi'ation e spe c.ia.Ll.yin detennining irrigation,cnd:j.in n.app.cng n6'\I' and donuced fO:~6St trs.cts) theGovernment will have ample use for ai.r-p Lane s .1'0 tLis Cal, b8c.6der: A':'askan --\-''exploration, which is not yet compLet.ed , Few sui-veys could 'us r.;c~deand oldsurveys checked up by thi s n.eans , Only a snort tll'!8 ago tr>3 ]-~JxJaiia).1Air ServiceStation, in Pearl Harbor r epor-t ed tl,Stt "~Le aerie':. p~'.otogr';'ljh3 t aken there had r e-ve a.Led errors in the orj.siual sur-vey of the I 81 .ind of Oahu and '.'icin1 ty.

It has al re ady 008n arr-anged to utilize aa r-cr af b in coast and 'corder patrol.in connection with lire t'2l.VL1G; stLtions, sc'.lvage '''TOrk'ht sea) and rae t eor oLoga.ce.Leur vey j and the pos ai.b Le ua e f'u Lnes s 0f c.i:rJ.jla.ne surveillance :i.:1. connection wi tIlcustoms duties and smugr;li:1g on t.l.e bor-der Lane s is unda spu t ed .

, The Police Deparirihut of :'0'7 York City iW.S recently est ao Ia.shed an Av.iati, onSection for se r v i.c e in p. trolli;'l;~ the Hew Yor l; water front and harbor and for us eL'l such emergencies as c:,.lflagra'cionS end, riots. Hot long ago, in r unru ng downi:~ 'l'exas out Lav, t11e ai r-p Lane s from one of our flyinifl fields were called upon toasaist the local police. PoEGe airplanes in ruralchstricts could do part of t ne

OS1084

'l:ork new u.l.!"'ied on uy Eitste co,"';~c'()J.j.:;:::"e~> :,I,U. Houl', o e 0, pl:Lr't.icular aerva c eim mountainous regions or dist:cicts c r-os seo by numenc us st r eems ,

'Nhat U~38 the }1':i.::-o Depart.,i8ut car, fi,nti ill airpla 16 service has already beendemonstrated b.t the Jill.eSf)j.e ;':[;e11 Plant. f i.r e in Ne r Jersey f Had the sameobservation been car-r-z.e d on at the time of AdironUac : and other forest fires,and the r ec errt conflagration i.n nL,rtj;ernWiscotlsin, w.. might have saved a largepropontion of ve.Luab Le timber- La nd ,

Ambulanc;:e service by airplane has so far been '-;'nf i.ned to the uses of theflying fields, but again what possibilities it pr-ea- ert s for coast and ruraldistricts.

Our air service statious have been co oper-ati.n; , for some time past, withthe 1'!eather Bureau in making me t eer-oLogi ca L observati ens by both balloon andairplane and have be gun a sYistematic cnar ti ng of ins iir and of air routes. whichwill give valuable data to the Weat!18l" Bureau .

•P ,\CH'X(' AEROCLUB

San Fre'J,(:16~l~

DBcember 6. 1918

S,ecretary, Air Service Clubs I Assn ••Office of Director, Military Ae i-onautd cs ,

1"Tashington, D • C.

Dear Sir:-

Replying to yours of Nov ember 30th~ beg to advise that Pacific Aero Clubofficially acknowledges its afhliation with the Air Ser' ice Clubs' Association.

We heartily indorso t~1e ~.Ciea of an Homologation C< l1mittee to investigateand 'certify to reoords mqde by Aircraft, and in this com ection, would like tosuggest that !vIr. Frederick Porter, Chairman of the Aer onr utical Map & LandingPlace e Committee of this or-gan.izata on , be appoa.nt ed as OJficia1 Observer foryour Association here in Sun Francisco, whoso duties WOt Id be to koep officialrecords of the time of the take off and return landings (f Aircraft leaving orarri vi.ng here, same to be imr.l.tL;diately f orwai-ded to the A: r Service Clubs'Association. .

Very trul:.r yo' .rs,

PACIFIC AE':O CLUB.

CHAS. F ~P-::O:,;,.N:=D:,;,.'~:--~:-:"'_-:--_Rear Admiral, U.S.j~. Pr-oai derrt .

Membership in A.S.C.A.

Trle Secretary of t,he Air Service Clubs' ,~Gsociation c e.LLs at.t.errt Lon to thefact that the payment of ten dollars (',\.La .00) • made upor, appli.cation for member-ship, includes both initiation fee and dues for the initial year. At the eJlipira-tion of the year, each member pays three dollar.s n~3.00) annu.a1Jtto the l~ssoci6."tion, unless he be a member of a local dub as exp Lai ned in Article X, Constitu-tion' and on the back of the ap)lication blanks.

The membership of the "~ssociation now numbers 802. A recent letter fromMather Field br i nge a list of fifteen new members. The action of the PacificAero Club, taken in connection with its aseo ci at i oes wi t.h the j~.S.C.A., is printedin this week'S News - letter.

-8- 051084

The resignation of Major John H. Packard, A. S. A. and his departure f r cmWashington, resulted in the appointment of Captain "SarI N. Findley, as actingSecretary of the Association.

A big drive for membership in the A.S .C.A. is on at Kelly FJeld underthe direction of Iv:ajor S. S. Hanks, R,M.A. chaimman of the Associationactivities at Kelly. Majol' Hunks points out the necessity of quick action inOrder. to get the officers in before tLey leave the Service and scatter alloverthe United states. The functions of the Ausoc.i atd cn will not only keep itsmembers in touch with each other but advlsed as to a11 aerial activities.

GEnERALKENLY'S REPORT

The selection of men for training as flyers was a complicated task, as therequirements wer e necessarily rigid. 'Volunteer examining boards of the m.gn es;medical skill were organized Allover the country, 36 urban and 30 divisionalbo ar ds , and a tot.al of 38.777 men were examinad to June 2, of whomnearly half,or 18",004, were da squa.Ll f i.ed , This naturally led to a high grade of personnel,and made the later training both more rapid and more efficient.

The first step in instruction 11'J2S atone of the new "gnound" .s cho oLs openedon May 21 at t.heMasaac hu set.t.e Ins t~l.tutlO.of Technolugy I Corndl and "Ohio stateUniversities and the Uni versi ties of Illinois,Texas, and California, withPrinceton and the Georgia Schl"Jol of 'I'echno l ogy added .July 5. Here, in eightweeks, under military di sca pLi ne , the cadets were grounded in all the elementsof .c,aviation at a cost to tile Government at f'irst of $65 per pupil, and later ~10each for the first f'ourv.weeks , and $5 w eekLy thereafter. By June 30, 1918. atotil of 11,539 men were "graduated to the flying fields and 3,129 were dischargedfor fai lure in studi es, etc.

Next came the actual flying instruction, divided into two phases, primaryand advanced. The former averaged about eight weeks, included ability toexecute the stmpLer; evolutions and cross country flights, and led to an officer'scommission and the right to wear the Reserve Military Aviator's Wings. ToJune 30, 1918, 4,980 men had' been graduated as Eeserve Military Aviators forfinal training, and about 400 had been disqualified as ancapab Le oJ becomingflliers.

The advanced .training, however , presented irfinitely more difficulties. Itwas not nearly so simple to'te2ch the more complex stunts, formation flying,aerial machine gunnery, bombing, and nighi; flying, whi Le at the aane time thehighly specialized equipment necessary nequa r-ed considerable time for manuf as't ur-e ,Never-bheLes s , advanced schools of the three types necessary were opened towardthe .end of the year ::c.918, with.wLat equipment was availablLe, and had graduated110 bomber s , 85 bombing pilots, 464 observers, 389 observer pilots, and 131pursuit pilots by June 30, 1918.

The 'ideal arrangement in mind at the end of the year was to train each pa-Lotcompletely on this side of the ocean, where facilities are very good, suppliesin abund anc e , and information and expe r i enced pilots from the front ava.i lablein ever-d nor ea sang numbers. The fliers can then be or-gani,zed into provisi onaL

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squadrons and wings and given trairting as large units with their own administrativeoffioers and enlisted personnel' so that they will be able to go immediately -to -th~front, after arncrrth or so of transformation work in France, learning geographyand familiari zing themselves VIith new types of planes #

The whole training program was considerably held up by lack of equipment.Obviously it required far less time to select men for training than to build thefields, planes, and accessories necessary to train them. Primary training planes,the only type manufactured here before the war, soon become available in in-creasing numbers, till by the end of tlle year more were on band than needed. The,advanced training planes, however, pr-es ent.ed problems whohl.y new to this country, 'so that primary planes had to be fitted with more p~werful engines and equipmentand made to serve the purpose r- The first 16 e::.ngle~Beater pursuit planes were notdelivered till January, 1918) the first bombers till March, and the first gunnerylate in ~Lay.

During-this fiscal year a grand total of 40fT 1,999 hours were flown by Armyaviators in the United states, as contrasted with 745.5 hours in 1914 and 1,269in 1915. In the single week ending June 30, 1918, a total of 19,560 hOUIlSwereflown, or 15 times, for that single week"the nember for the whole year three yearsbefore, This, at 75 miles an hcur, is eq~ivalent to over 3°1°00,000 miles, or1,223 times around the Equatol'.

During it there were 152 fatalities) or 2,6,84 Eying hours and 201,000 milesflown to each death. Of these, 86 were daused by stalls, when the plane, usuallythrough Some error by the pilot, lost its flying speed and dropped into a straightnose dive or turned into a t aa L spi.n, from which the pilot did not have the timeor the skill to ext.r-Lc at e it, CoL'Li si.ons were responsi tie for 30 other accidents,often due to failure to fly according to the rules. Side~slipsJ the only otherlarge cause of accidents, resulied in 10 deaths.

',' Regrettable as these accidants are, it is felt that, considering the newnessof the science, the early state of devel.opmen t of the pianes , the inexperience ininstruction, and the necessity of teaching stunts in themselves rather dangerous,this number is not large. As a matt er of ac tual. statistics, fatalities inAmerican training are less than h&.~f as large as those of the other alliedcountries.

Be~ide~ flyers, however, engineet' offi6ers to direct the ~pkeep of theequipment, supply of f i.cer s to keep suffiCient equa pn ent on hand, and adj utantsto keep the record~ and do other military work as we!l as specialists onballoon, armament and gunnery, radio and photographic work had to be e:apeciallytrained.

What facilities were available greatly advanced tmerica's aerial preparationand helped relieve the shortage of equipment here. It was early in May, 1918,however, over a year after Ame:,ica's entry into the war, that the first Germanplane fell viotim to an aViator in the ;~erican service. About the same time •468 fully trained American aviators organize.d into 13 complete American \ j

aquadtons ~rbribades with British and French squadrons were actually on the ~front, taking increasing to 11 of the enemy. 7

081084

Edi tors of all field news.papers 'are requested to insert the fo llow-ing:

"When enuneeat.i ng accidents in the weekly report from the fields to tht?Director of Military Aeronautics, the- Aeronautical Information Officer shouldmake it a special point to gi~e the type of airplane and its number. This hasbeen done in many cases, but it has bean noted in some Lns't anc ee that thenumber of the ship has been omitted, and the records of the Aeronautica.lIn'formation Branch should contain thi s information pertaining to ac cidents ..If

It is requested that the above be incorporated in your weekly newsletter.

E. N. FIfJDLEY,Captain I A.S.A.

A portrait of Mu.jor General W. L. Kenly, Director of Military Aeronautics,is being painted by :Jergeant Lawson Adems Jr 0 I stationed in the D.M .A••,whosework both here and abroad as an ar t.i sc is well known. Sergeant lJ.dams hasrecently completed a ccmvas depicting greater New York as seen fro~ an air-plane. It is expected thaJt the j)oI'trait will be exhibited to the public inthe near future.

December 12, 1918

An increase in the flying accidents on the tranning fields in thiscountry since the signing of the armistice has caused the issuance of anorder from the Division of Military Aeronautics to be sent to all fields toput a stop to the low flying ad acrobatics that have been carried on duringcelebrations in the vicinity 0; cities, towns and b~ildings. Commandingofficers have been instructed to take the most stringent metho1s in carryingthe order out. Pi lots who f ail to comply wi 11 not only be "grounded" butrestricted to the limits of the reservation. In the case of regular armyofficers court martial is recommended; in the case of all other o:ficersproceedings with a view to their discharge from the service. The order addsthat the recent increase in accidents must have been the -result-of in-discriminate flying and failure to observe even the cammon rules of flying"All acrobatic flying hereafter must, according to this order, be finishedat an altitude not lower than 1500 feet.

ulLl II v'X~ s lfl-

051119',"

''-"Vol. I. D. M. A. WEE K L Y N 3 ~'J S LE T '£ E ,R . No. 14.,;-'..------- ----- ---- -.----- ..------ ----- ---- -- ------- -- ---- --- ----- ---- ---- ----- ...----_.~Air Service. Washington J D..c.

December 21, 1918War Departmer4.

------------------------------------.----------------------------------~--------:-MAP AIR ROUTE

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Fi ve two seated training planes have just returned to Langley Field. .}Virginia, after having mapped out a course along the Eastern slope, of the . iAppalachian range to Columbia, South Carolina to link into the Southern trans- \~ntinental air route now being charted by squadrons of plan~s working both East \arid '''lest from fields South of the Ohio K:ti.ver. The total flying time of these plane~from Langley Field South to Columbia was five hours and two minutes and the flying \time !~orth .0ver ..the. same route was four hour-s and ,thirty minutes. The distance. in Jr,

. an air line betw~Njtwo points is roughly. 330 mi les. Columbia. South Carolina, is225 miles from Souther Field, Americus, Geo~gia, and planes flying from SoutherField North have already mapped this course. The course from Washington, D. C. toLangley Field, Hampton has also been charted. Therefore when the planes flying,from the West have reached AmeriCUS, Georgia, one trans-continental air route wilV-.have bean charted and ready for flight from VTashington, D. C. to the Pacific Coast.

The Langley Field planes going South flew over Newport News crossing theJames River just north of Nasemond River, picked up the tracks of the Seaboard Air-line Railway, five miles North of Suffolk and followed them to Franklin, Virginia.From here to Raleigh North Garolina and from Raleigh to Pinehurst, N. C. the pilotstook a compass course. From Pinehurst they flew over Rockingham, Chesterfield a4d .

. the Wateree R:i:ver to Camden, S. C., and from there over the. Seaboard Airline tr~,Qksagain to Columbia. "

Good landing fields were found at Suffolk, Virg.ild.a, Franklin, Virg1mi~"Pinehurst, North Carolina, Camden, South Carolina and Columbia, South Carol:ina. .'The pilots reported that the ~errain between Franklin and Rale£gh was such thatthe pilots reported no pos,~ble sites could be located.

M~RICANBALLOONOPERATIONS

Thirteen ~erican Balloon Companies were engaged in the eper-atd on be tween rthe Meuse River and the Argonne forest, w~ich began September 26, 1918, Two Fren~hBalloons took part in the early part of the action. The balloons moved to th~sfront from the st. Mihiel sector an the night of September 20. The number ofAmerican balloons on the Verdun front increased from one to thinteen within twelvehours •. The Balloon companies were as follows: 1st, 2d;Sth, 3d, 4th, 9th, 42d, 6th,?th, 8th, 12th, 11th, 43d, 39th and 93d.

, The study of the map reveals that, between "Hit hour on September 26, and~ 11:00 o'clock on November 11, when the armistice was signed, the ftmerican Balloonsi ~n the Meuse offensiYe made an aggregate advance of 425 kilometres. This estimate.. ' 1S computed by' measurement in direct line from original position to ultimate posi-.",:::ti.on; The actual road miles practically doubled the total above stated. Much of;),tne tr~sport, moreover. was conducted by hand. - the balloon being taken over:\ open belds,through country ridden by shell holes and strewn with barbed wire. In

.:ei{) s-everal instances, the balloon was transported 'l'rithout a winch for distances of ten'~"'.,L~lornetr~s at a time. It is known that t,he balloons, in a few cases, were within '0'" .. ~'.~ .•

~~",'Jwelve hours behind the infantry in crossing No Ma..."l'sLand. .

~The American Balloons in the Verdun Sector, between Sept. 26, and Oct. l~ .

enemy planes 2071 times. Our balloons in this sector, during this ~,~enemy shells falling 551 times. ~

f'.:\1It.~r~

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Durin@; the single week from Oct. 28, to j\!ov. 3, the iJnerican Balloons'~'eported enemy shells f a l.l.ang 1152 times.

During the two weeks from Oct. 21" to Nov. 3, tho J,raerical1 Balloonsreported enemy planes 221 times,

CONFIPJ'P.TIONS

An unusual service rendered by the Army Balloon Office ~rQS thesystematic effort to secure confirrhations for the aviators 6f the pursuit groups.The success in this matter may be indicated by the fact that the balloon companies

, reported enemy planes falling in flaMes or out of control 75 times. This figurecompared wi th ~he fact tr:at the First Pursuit Group claimed a total of 72victories and the Third Pursuit Group claimed a total of. 35 va c't or-ae s indicatestl:at the balloons kept a r easoncb Ly accurate check upon the: aviation' s exploits.T;.a days of poor visibility rendered the t.ack dif!ficult, but lookouts of eachcom?any weEe conetantly stationed on the ground, even when the balloon was notin ascension. The appreciation of this service is expressed in the follo~ingletter:

FIRST PURSUIT GRODPAIR SERVICE

A.~.F,

F::-om;To;

.Subject;

October 14, 1918Commanding OfficerMajor John A. Paegelow, C.A.B.', 1st Army, A.E.F,Appreciation to the Balloon Section for Services rendered

1. I wish to express for both myself and the pilots of thi.a group,my thanks to yourself and to the Balloon Companies under your corr~and, for theinvaluable assistance which they have given us, both in conducting our operationsand in obtaining confirmations of our victories.

2. ''''e realize and ap pr ee iat.e deeply the interest which you havesh.own in our wor-k; your willingness to assist the pilots in every manner possible;and your appreciation of ~heir effortt has stimulated them to better and moredaring wcr-k ,

3. If in any nay the F'irst Pur sui.t Group could further cooperatewi th the Balloon Section, do not hesitate to lia1,l upon us.

H~ i!"J. HARTNEXMajor, Air Service, U.S.A ••

~LOONS DESTROY:GD

~7e lost twenty-one balloons be twe en September 26, and November 11,~'~:rj fteen of these balloons were destroyecl by enemy airplanes; six by sanemy shells;~"Tle enemy is believed to hav e lost at least fifty balloons during the same period.

Ow:r anti-aircraft and machine-guns drove off many enemy attacks.. TheCompany brought, down two enemy pLane s with its machine guns in t"JO consecutive

ay s , The 2nd Company brought down one pLane ,

PARACHUTEJm,~PS

The lith Balloon 1[,lEtS attacked four times on October 6, Lst , Lt. J ,fl.,

~cDe'\{itt and 2nd Lt. G.D. Armstrong each jumped -txTice. This makes a total offour jumps for Lt. McDevitt, three of which were made wi~hin the same twenty-'

.4-0ur hours.

1st Lt. "'.J.R. Taylor, 6th Company and 1st Lts, B.T. Burt and J.A. Higgs7th Conrpany have made four jumps. A total of approximately thirty parachute jumpshave betn made during the present ,offensive.

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tst Lt. D.M.' Re eve s, a student. observer with the 7th Company \Tn.s 5.ntheair vnly four hours and made three parachute jumps. T'o70 balloons were bur-nedover his head.

1st Lt. C.J. Ross, 8th Balloon Company, was 'killed on the first day •of tho offensive. 1~Jhile conducting an adjustment of fire his balloon was attackedand burned. Lt. Ross permitted his fellow observer in the basket to jump first.Fragments of the burning balloon fell upon Lt. Ross' parachute, burning it andC ausa ng his body to crash to the ground.

2d Lt. M.D. Sapiro, 12th Company, was'i.cjurod in a fall from the baskets,

1st Lt. D.Q. Hammond, observer of the 7th Company was severely gassedwhile on an infonnation liaison mission in the front line.

~st Lt. S.W. Ovitt, 6th Company was struck by a fragment of highexplosive gas shell.

2d Lt. J.C. Rivers and the telephone detail of the 7th Co. were subjectto continuous shell fire in the neighborhood of Gesnes, during the last week of!October. One.man was seriously wounded.

The 7th Company waS bom~ed in its transport through Tailly, in thecaurse of which operation two enlisted men were seriously wounded.

THE LAST ATTACK

The final and decisive attack which began November 1st and closedNovember 11, put to the test the morale and efficiency of the American BalloonService. The Infantry advanced from the Bois d' Bethain~lle line to MousonBeaumont and Sedan within seven days. The balloons f oLl.owad this advance withuntiring and unceasing e neegy • The balloons ope rated during the day and advanced ;,at night. The officers and men s~ept in the open, in cold and inclement weather,

'without shelter. This, to be sure, is only the har-dshi.pwha ch the infantryendures. The infantry, however, is relieved. These balloon companies - many ofthem - have been on the front, without relief and with no leaves of absence,through the Chateau-Thierry, st Mihiel and Verdun offensive. The problem oftransporting a 1000 cubic meter balloon over roads which our art~~lery haswr ecked , through woods where trees overhang and endanger the cable, past traf ficwhich was blockaded and j arnmed,- this problem was f aced and so bved by theAmerican Balloon Companies.

The highest tribute that can be paid to the merit and zeal of theAm..ed.c:an Balloon Compani es is corrt aa ned in the following letter from Maj orGeneral C.F. Summerall, Com.manding General, Fifth Army Cor-ps , This letter thoughaddressed to the balloon companies of the Fifth Corps, is expressive of the pertwhich the balloons of all corps took in the bringing to a successful conclusio~crf the four year's war:

HEADQUARTERS~IFTH ARMYCORPSAMERICANEXPEDITIDNARYFORCES

France 11th, November 1918

From: Commanding General, Fifth Army CorpsTo: Commanding or Hcer i Corps Balloon GroupSubject: Commendation

1. I desire to commend the Balloon '!ring and Compamse s for their workinth e ..»ree errt operation's, beginning November Lst ,

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2. The balloons have kept up with the advance under trying c~nditi~nsaud u.lthcu6h visibility has been difficult and sometimes impossible, t.h'Jadmi rabIspi;it ard readiness for duty has heen most creditable.

3. I wish the Officers and Soldiers to know their services haveb~en appreciated.

C. P. SUMMERALLMajor GeneralCommanding

RETURN OF CLOTHING ~rTORNHOME BY DISCHARGED MEN

Under the prov1s1ons of army regulations a franked label is furnishedto each enlisted man-upon discharge for the purpose or returning his clothingafter reachinghis h:::rrre.'I'hefra.n.l(edlabel to be furnished is a War Departmentpenalty Labe-L,

When discharged. each enlisted man will be informed that he shouldproperly wrap and prepare his clothing for mailing, and that the penalty label,bearing the address of the Zone Supply Officer in whose zone his home is located,should be af f i.xed to t:teparcel before mailing.

CITED FOR DISTINGUISHED SERVICE

The commander in chief, in the name of the President. has awarded thedistinguished-service cross to the following named officers and soldiers for theacts of extraordinary heroism de scr Lbed after their names;'

First Lieut. Thomas G. Cassady, Air Serv~ce, United States Anny, flightcommander, 28th Aero Squadron, For extraordinary heroism in action near Fismes,~[ay 29, 1918, and near Epieds, France, June 5, :h.918. On May 29, 1918, Lieut.Cassady, single handed, attacked an Lvg. German plane wmich crashed near Fismes.On June 5, 1918, as patrol leader of fi~e spades. while being attacked by 12Ge rman T'ckker-s, he brought down one of the enemy planes near Epieds and by hisdash and courage broke the enemy formation, A bronze oak leaf to be worn on thedistinguishe~ service crosS is awarded for the follo~nng act of e~traordinaryheroism in action; On August 15,1918, near st. Maire, while in action asprotection for a SaJmson, he was attacked by seven Fokkers, two 0'[ which hebrought down and enabled the Salmson to accomplish its mission and return sar eLy ,Home address not given.

First Li.eut, Samuel Kaye, Jr., Air Service, 94th Aero Squadron. Forextraordinary heroism in action oyer the region of Epinonville, France, September29, 1918. While On a mission Lieut. Kaye, accompanied bW another machine pilotedby Lieut. Reed~. Chambers, encountered a formation of six enemy machines(Fokker type) at an altitude of 3,OOOifeet. Despite numerical superiority of U.eenemy Liaut. Kaye and Lie~t. Chambers immediately attacked and succeeded indestroying one and forced the remaining five to retire into their own lines. Abronze. oak leaf is awarded to Lieut. Kaye for the following act of extraordinary ..neroism in action over the region of MontfC:tuconand Bantheville, France, Octoberp-yj',1918: Lieut. Kaye encountered a. fonnation of seven enemjsma chf.nes (Fokkertype). Regardless of their numerical superiority, he immediately attacked andby skillful maneuvering succeeded in separating ane enEmy plane from its formationand after a short combai shot it down in flames. Home address, Samuel Kaye,Sr.(father), 808 North Tenth street, Columbus. Miss.

First Lieut. John N. Jeffers. Air Service, 94th Aero Squadron. Forextraondinary heroism in action over the region of Retagne, France. October 6,1918. While on patrol Lieut. Jeffers en~ountered 10 enemy machines tFokker type)at an altitude of 2,000 feet. Despite numerical superiority and by a display of

-5-remarkable courage and skillful maneuverdng, .he separated dne of thet~e formation, and after a brief. encounter drove it down in flames.M.s. C. A.Jeffers. 389 Winner street, Los Angeles, Cal.

051119.

pLanes fromHome addr-e s s ,

First Lieut;t; Reed M. Chambers. Air Service, 94th Aero Squadron. For.e1traordinary heroism in action over the region of Epi.nonva Ll.e , France, Septembj:lr29, 19:h8.. While on a mission Lieut. Chambers. accompanied by another machine .piloted by First Lieut. Samuel Kaye, Jr. ,encountered a fonnation of six enemy,machines, (Fokker type) at an altitude of 3,000 feet. Despite numerical superiori.ty of the enemy, Lieut. Chambers and Lieut. Kaye immediately attacked and succeedecLn destroying dne and forced the remaining five to. retreat 'into their own lines,A bronze oak leaf is awarded to Lieut. Chambers for each of the following acts ofextraordinary heroism in action: Near Montfaucon and Vilosnes sur Meuse) France)October 2) 1918, Lieut. Chambers, while on a mission, at an altitude of 2,000 feet,encountered an enemy two-seater (Halberstadt type). He immediately attacked, andafter a brief combat succe ed era in shooting it down . Near Montfaucon and Vilosnessur.Meuse, France. October 2) 1918, at 17.40 o'clock Lieut. Choolbers smv fourenemy.machines (Fokker tYRe) attacking another American machine (Spad type). Heimm~diately went to its rescue) and after a few minutes of fierce combat hesucceeded in shooting down one. Home address, J. S. Chambers (father) FortHuachuca, Ariz.

First Lieut. Joseph F. Wehner, Air Service,27th Aero Squadron. Forextraordinary heroism in action near RouvIles) France, September 15, 1918. Whileon a mission Lieut. Wehner found an enemy patrol of eight machines attacking a.single observation machine. He immediately attacked, destroying one and forcingano't her- down out of control, his own pLane being badly damaged by enemy machine ..gun fire. He managed to convoy the American plane to safety. A bronze oak leafis awarded to Lieut. "Jahner for the following aclt of extraordinary heroisn inaction near Mangiennes and Rieville) Yrance) September 16) 1918: Amid terrificantiaircraft and ground machine-gun fire Lieut. Wehner descended, attacked) anddestroyed ~wo enemy balloonsr One of these balloons was destroyed in flames afterit had been hauled to the ground and was resting in iila bed. Home address)Mrs. J. Nelson Wehner, 72 Lynn Street, ~verett, Mass.

8 First Lieut. Gardner Philip Allent Coast Artillery Corps, observer, 8thAero Squadron. For extraordinary heroism in action near Thiaucourt, France,October 9) 1918. Liebt. Allen, observer. was with First Lieut. Edward RusseLl:Moore, pilot, took advantage of a short period of fair weather during generallyunfavorable atmospheric conditions to undertake a photographic missioniliehindthe Gennan lines. Acoompanied by two protecting planes, they had just commenc:edtheir mission when they were attacked by eight enemy planes, which followed themthroughout their course, firing at the photographic plane. Lieut. 'Moore, pilot,wiLth both flying wires, cut by bullets) a landing wire shot away, his elevatorsriddled with bullets, and both Wings punctus-ed , continued on the preseribed cour se ,although it made him an easy target, Lieut. Allen was thus enabled in the midstof the attack to take pictures of the exact territory assigned, and he made noattempt to protect the plane with his mach:iine guns , Displaying entire disregardfor per so nal, danger and steadfast devotion to duty, these two officers sue ce saf'u Ll.yaccomplished their mission. Home address) George C. Allen) father) 618 ChurcnStreet, Flint) Mich.

First Lieut. Edward Russell Moore) Air Service, pilot) 8th Aero Squadro~.For extraordinary her-oa an in action near 'I'hi.auc our-t j Fr-ance , October 9, 1918. LaeutMoore, with First Lieut. Gardner Philip Allen) observer, took adv.ant age of a shor tperiod of fair weather during generally unf a vor-abLe atmospheric conditions toundertake a photographic mission behind the \}erman lines. Accompanied by twoprotecting planes) they had just cOL~enced their mission when they were attackedby eight enemy planes. which followed them throughout their course I firing atthe photographic plane. Lieut. Mooret pilot, with both. firing wires cut by bul l et,a landing wire shot away, his elevators riddled with bullets, and both wingspunctured, continued on his pre$cribed course) altqough it made him an easy target.Lieut. Allen was thus enabled in the midst of the attack to take pictures of theexact territory assigned. and he made notat t empt to protect the plane with hismachine guns. Di splaying entire disregard and hi s persona.l danger and steadf astdevo td on to duty, the two officers successfully accomplished theixr mission. Homeaddress, E. D. Moore) father. 508 South Ninth street) Columbia.

-6- OSl119. Second Li.eu't, Samuel A. BOWlna.n, .F'Le Ld ArtillerY, Observer, 12th Aero.

Squadron,. For ext.r.aor-di.nary heroism in action in the Aire Valley".'near Flevi::"!e,Fr anoe , October 4, 1918. Lieut. B O\vlU an displayed remarkable lSravsry and devo tacnto duty'while on an Infantry contact patrol mission. Heavy machine~gun fire wa~encountered from the enemy positions {n Fleville. The plane was pierced many ~.times and Lieut. Bowman was severely wpunded, but in spite of this fact he con1tinued on his mission until the front ,linewas located, after which he wrote ~dropped clear and accu~ate messages to division and corps command posts, givingva.luable and timely information. Home address, J. E. Bowman, father, 815 Easj.High Street, Springfield, Ohio. '

Second Lieut. Willi2m O. Lowe. third observation group. For extra-ordinary heroism in ~Qtion east of Cunel, Verdun sector, France, October 7, 1918.'Lieut. William Lowe, while staking the advance lines of the 80th Division, wa.ssuddenly attacked by a formation of eight enemy machines (Folker type), whichdived out of a cloud bank. Although greatly outnumbered, Lieut. Lowe, succeededin shooting down one out of control and disabled a second so that ~t was forcedto land. Later, on the same mission, he was again attacked by a patrol of fiveenemy scout machines ,and in a running fight he drove these off and successfullycompleted his mission. Home address, Mrs. Jessie G. Lowe. mother. general deliver~Fo~ntain City, Tenn,

Second Lieut. Wi.lb:ertE. Kinsley • Air Service pilot, third observationgroup. For extraordinary heroism in action east of Cunel, Verdun sector, France,October 7, 1918. While staking the advanced lines of the 18th Division he wasattacked by eight enemy machines (Fokker type) • who dived out of a near-bycloud bank. Although attacked simultaneously by the enemy planes, he placed hisairplane in such position that his observer, Second Lieut. William O. Lord, wasable to shoot down and crush one enemy plane and disable a second so badly thatit was forced to land a few kilometers inside the German lines. Later, on thesame mission. he was again attacked by a patrol of five enemy scout machines andin a running fight he drove these off and successfully completed his mission.Home address. Guy Kinslay, brother, Washington street, Winchester, Mass,

First Lieut. Harold m. Ti ttman, Air Service. 94th Aero Squadron. firstpursuit group. For extraordinary heroism in action near Bouresches. France,July 1, 1918. Lieut. Tittman,while on a patrol encountered seven machines.Despite numerical superiority and the enemy advantage of position, he'immed~atelyattacked, after firing a few rounds his guns became j_ammed; in the midst of a'Weritable hail of machine .•gun fire he r-epa.rr-edthe jam and resumed the att3!lCk.Alth'ough he was severely wounded he continued until the enemy was forced toretire behind their own lines. Home address, lAr. Harold H. Ti ttman, father,5024 Westminister Place, st. Louis, Mo.

Second Lieut. Guy E. Monse (deceased). observer l35th Aero Squadron,For e~traordinary heroism in action near Vilcey-sur-Trey, France, Septemher 12,1918. Lieut. Monse. with First Lieut. Wilbur C. Suiter, pilot. fearlesslyvolunteered for the perilous mission of locating the enemy's advance unit inthe rear of the Hindenburg line. Disregarding the hail of machine-gun fire andbursting of ,antiaircraft shells, they invaded the enemy' s territory at lowaltitude and accomplished their mission, securing fon our staff information ofthe greatest importance. These two gallan~ offiicers at once returned to the linsland undertook another reconnaissance mission, fram which they failed to return.Lieut. Morse's body was found and buried by an artillery unit. Next of kin,Ernest Morse. father. 4328 Harrison Street) Kansas City, Mo.

First Lieut. Wilbur C. Suiter, as pilot, l35th Aero SquadRon(deceased). For extraordinary heroism in action near Vilcey-sur-Trey. France.September 12) 1918. Lieut. Suiter, with Second Lieut. Guy E. Morse. observer,fea~lessly volunteered for the perilous miEsion, Ioeating the enemy's advanceunit in the rear of the Hindenburg line, Disregarding the hail of machine-gunfire and bursting antiaircraft shells. they invaded the enemy territory at xowaltitude and accomplished their mission. securing for our staff information ofthe greatest importance. These two gallant officers at once returned to thelines and undertook another reconnaissance mission, fran vlhich they la;iled toreturn. Home address, S. F. Suiter. father, Sh~okin. Pa.

-7- 051119

First Lieu.t. Charles E. Wright, pilot, Air Service, S<3dAerO Squadron,For extraordinary heroism in action near Kef fu, France, in October , 1918. Lieut.Wright attacked an enemy obser~ation balloon protected by four enemy planes and ~despite numerical superiority,' he cf or ced the planes to withdraw and destroyedthe enemy palloon ~ Abron ze oak 'leaf, for extraordinary heroism in act.a on near'Barrtheva Ll.e , France, October 23, 1918, Lieut. Wrj,ght, acccmpani sd by one othermachine, attacked and send down in flames an enemy plane (Fokker type), thatwas 2~tacking an allied p;lane. Be was in t~rn attacked by three enemyip.Iane s ,His companion was forced to wi thdr aw on account of motor trouble. Lieut. Vlr.i,ghtcontinued the combat and succeeded Ln br i nging down 0"1e of the' enemy. planes andforced the r-emaini.ng two into the:1.r own territory. Horne address, Mrs. R. i'l.Wright, mot he r , 131 Sont[-Jerlcmd Road, Brookline, Mass.

Firrt Lieut. German De Freest Larner, pilot, Air Service, l03d AeroSquadr-on , For ext.r ao r-danurv heroism in action in the region of Ch:mJpeny, Fr anc e ,September 13, 1918. Lieut. Larner attac ked an enemy patrol of six machines(c'okker t:'pe!, and f ough't against 'the great odds until he bad destroyed one andforced the others to retire. _~,br-onze oak leaf', for ext.r aor-df.ne.ry heroism inac to.on in the region of 1.llontfalmon, France, Oct cbe r' 4, 1918. While leading apatrol of four monopLace planes, Lieut. Lar-ner- led his patrol in an attack on anenemy formation o f seven pLane s , By skillfully maueuver ing he cr-ushed one of theenemy machines and 'Nitt the 8.i(l or hi.s patrol forced the r emui nder of the enemyf ormation to withdraw. Home address, Adelaide De F. Lar-ner , mother, HighlandApartments, 1~rashini3tol1, D. C.

First Lacut , O. D. Hurrt e r , pilot, Air Service, lOild Aer o Squadron.For extraordinary 11e1'oi:::1I).in ac ta on in the region of Ypr-es , BeLgi.um, June 22,19:1;8. Li eut .Hunt er , ':'fhi1e on pat.r oL, alone attacked two enemy, bi planes, destroyi.ngone and forced the other to r e td r e , In 'the course of the combat Lieut. hunter waswounded in t he f or-ehead, i)espite his injuries he succeeded in returning his

-damage0 plane to his own aor odr-ome, A br onze oak leaf. for extraordinary he r oi emin action in the r0gion of champeny. France, Se}ltember 13,1918. Lieut.' Hunter,acc cmpani ed by one other monopLac e pLane , at tac ked an enemy patrol of six planes.Desj.Lt e numerical superiority and if.L a decisive c ombat , he destroyed one enemyplane and. with~he aid of his eompani on, forced the others within their own

lines. A bronze oak leaf i or ext r-aor di nar-y heroism in action near Verneville,France. Sap'cember 17, 1918. Lieut. Hurrter , leading a patrol of three p Lanas ,attacked an enemy formation of eight planes. Although outnumbered, they succeed-ed in br i ngi ng down four of the enemy. Lieut. Hunt er accounted for two of these.A bronze oak leaf for extraordinary he~oifm in action in the region of Ligny-Devant-Dun. France. Lieut. Hunter. while separated f:rom his patrol, observed anallied patrol of 7 planes {Breguets) hard pressed by an enemy formation of 10planes (iokker type). He at.tacked two 0 f the enemy that were harassing a ai ngleBreguet and in a deciei:ve fight destroyed one of them; meanwhi Le five enemyp]mnes approached and concentrated their fire upon him. Undaunted by t;.eirsuperiority, he attacked and brought down a second p Le.ne, Ii. bronz.e oak leaf forextraordinary heroism L1 action in the re:;ioll of Ranthevi11e, Fr anc e, Lieut.Hunter, whaLe on patrol. encountered an enemy f ornat.a on of: six monopLac e planes.He immediately attacked and destroyed one e:l6l11Ypl ane and forced the others todisperse in confusion. Home address, John S. hunter, brother, 216 Ed.st Gastonstreet, Savannah, Ga.

First Lieut. Dav:i:d F. BackUS, pilot, Air Service, 49th Aero Squadroh,For extraordinary r.er oa ern in action near Etain, Fr unce , Se})tember 26, IS18.Lieut. Bae.kus as one of a patrol of five monop l.ane pLane s that were attacked bynine enemy planes (Fokker type) in a superior position. The Amera can patrolleader, seeing the futility of gi vi ng combat, turned toward our lines with theenemy in close pursuit. One of our patrol, however, fe3;l behind and the enemyplanes dove upon him. Lieut. Backus , a lthc ugh beyond danger, on seeing thepredicament of his comr-ede, tur ned and alone attacked the enemy, destroying. oneam] dispersing the other. A bronze oak leaf for extr-aor di nary heroism in actionin the region of Landreville, France, October 23, IS18. A patrol of Americanmonoplane p~anes'~ttacked an enemy formation of superior number. Lieut. Ba£kus,f]lying rear position, maneuvered above t.l;e attack to prevent other enemy planesfrom assisting their compani.ons , In the midst of the combat Lieut, Ba.ckus, sawthr e e pLane s escaping from battle. He immediately gave chase' and attacked ands r.ot down all three of t;1e enemy . Home addr-es s , !,II'. C.J. Backus. father. 578uo lly Avenue. st. Paul, ;,'inn •

-8- 081119

Lieut. Ste~hen N. Noyes, pilot) Air'Servic6) 12th hero Squadron. Forex,traortiinary heroism in action 'r'ear Chatel Cheher-y, Fr u.nce , uctober 15, 1918.Lieut. Noyes vo Lunt.eer-ed under tte most ad ver sewe.rthe r cond.i tions to, stake theadvance Li.ne o of tll'e 82d Di vi s.i on , Djsj.~egarC:inb tLe fact that darkness wouldset in beforo he and his observer couLd complete their mi s ea on , and at the ex-tremely 10''' altitude of l~())feet, Li eut , Noy e s proceeded, amid heavy ad r cr-aftand grol;.nd mach i ne-igun fire urrt i L the necessary Lnf ormatd on 'vas secured. On ther cturn , due to d r.rkne s o, he was fO:,.'C8d to L,nd' on a shell-torn field, and pro-ceeded on foot to he adquar t.e rs with valuable Lnf ormatd on , Eome address,Mrs. F. Noyes~othor.(:'.5F:'i:mcis St:c~eet, :\)ew~lort, R. I.

First La aut , Justin;.;'. lollette; observer, Air Serv~_ce, 12th AeLo ";3quarlro'n. -::Corex t.r-aor-d.inar-y he roi em in ac ta on near Chatel 811ehery, France, -r--October Eo, 1918. Lieut. Follette volunteered, under the most adverse weatherconditions, to stake tbe advanc e of the82d Division. Disl'egarding the fact thatdarkness would set in before he and h.i s pilot could complete their mission, hemad» observation at the extr-eraeLy 10',:!altitude, 1,500 feet, anid a terrific:.'circr~ft and ground macha ne-cgun fire unvLI the necessary anf orma'ti ori was secured.On the return, Jue to dar-kne s s , his pilot '78S forced to land on a shell-tol~nfield, whence he .Jroceeded on foot to he adquar-t er-s with valuable information.Home address, lIre. B. K. Follette; mo't.ner , .Iamul , \Ju.l.

Second Lieut. Charles P. Porter, ~ilot, Air Service, l47th heroSquadron. For B2'ltl'aol'dillary heroism in ac t i.on in the re:-sion of E"Jips, France,July 16, 1918. lThile on patrol, Li.eut , Porter observed two enemy planes (Fokkertype) about 1,000 meters abo vs him. Eo immediately maneuvered to obtdn heightand a position for attack. The enemy turned, and Lieut. Purter t';,we chase andattacked from below, rlestroyirlg one and forcing the otr.e r to retire. A br onzeoak leaf, for extrn.orc1inary her o.irrn in action in the region of Forest-De.,.Fere,France, July 24, 1918. Lieut. Porter, while leading a patrol, attacked <en enemyf onnation of 12 P Lanes (Fqkker ty:tJe). he engaged one enemy and serrt it down outof control. One of Li.eut , Porter' sguns j ammed , and whi Le he was repairing thegun two of t.he enemy planes got behind him. UnabLe to repair the gun and onlyto fire a single shob , lie turned to attack, de s't r-oyang a seond pLane and remainedin the fisht until- tile enemy retlr8~.home address, Er. Charles S. Porter, father,121.,.131 'i!est Twe19ty-sevlmth street, };8W York Ci'ty, N. Y.

First Lieut."Tilliam l-!. Stovall, pilot, Air Service, 13th Aero Squadron,For e;dr::lordia!1ry her-osam rn action in the region of Etain, France, September 26,1~18. While leading a pr-ot ec td on patrol over a day-b ombi ng f ormatd on.. Li.eut.Stovall's patrol be came reduced, 'thr-ough motor trouble, to himself and one otherpilot. vrhen the bombing patrol was attacked by seven enemy pLar.es , Lieut. Stovallin turn attacked the enemy and destroyed one plane. Home.address, b,rs. 'nilliam H.Stovall, mother, stovi~l, Miss.

First Lieut. Leslie J. Rummell, Air Service, 93d l,ero Squadron. Forextraordinary heroism in action in the region of L.osery, Fr e.nce , September 29,1918. Lieut. RummeLl , leading a patrol 01 thr.ee planes sighted an enemy biplane,which was pr-ot ec t ed by seven machines (Fokker tYl)e). Gespite tr,e tren;endov,s odds,he led hi s patrol to the attack and destroyed the Di !';Cishp Larie , By hi s superiormaneuv;ering and leadership, four more of the enemy pLune a were destroyed and theremaining three retired. Home address, Mr. Alfred T. Rummell, brother, Pe nni.ng'tcnand John"son streets, Newark). n, J.

Filrst Lieut. AlfredB. Patterson"Jr., pilot, l\.ir~;ervice, 93d AeroSquE~dron (deceased) t For extraordinary heroism in action in the r ezi on of N;oiery.France, September 29,1918. Lieut. Patterson, while on a patrol with two othermachines, attacked an enemy formation of seven planes (Fokker type) that ~ereprotecting a biplace plane. They destroyed the biplace and four of the Fokkers.forcing the r-smaa.ning three to retire. A bronze oak leaf for extraordirwryheroism in action in the region of ~oiery, France, October 23, 19~8. Lieut.Patterson led a formation for the purpose of protecting our bombing planes, theaccompanying planes being obliged to r-eturn, due to engine trouble . Despitethis fact, Lieut. Patterson proceeded on the mission alone. He sighted an en:u:ypatrol of nine machi nes (Fokker type) and attacked them, driving one down. .iomeaddress, A.B. patterson, fE.<.ther, 438 Franklin Avenue, "iilkil1sburg, Pa ,

-9-PLANES B'OS. S;J,E

OSl119

The Salvage Branch is about to offer for sale by circular proposalsome' of the old StandardJ. 1. PLane s to be equipped with a.X.5. or Hispano ...Suiza Motors, some L.W.F.'s,Martin Rls and Hall-Scott 4 cy1., Motors~ CommandingOfficers of. fields and depots are requested to transmit this information tothe personne1'~nder their commandwith the request that prospective buyer-s applyfor furt}Jer information to Salvage Branch, Supply Section, D. M. A., 1J:!ashington.It is expected that bids will be received and opened on February 1st, 1919, andprompt action by those interested will be .necessary.

'JlNCEN'r lUm MIXTER x>ARr;ONED

It was announced at the Executive Office recent Iy that. the P:rresidenthad pardoned Li~ut. Col. George W. Mixter and Lieut. Col. J. G. Vincent, whomthe recent report on aircraft production showed to be tech~ically guilty of abreach of statutes, because he believes thet the two gentlemen concerned wereentirely innocent of eny improper or selfish intention, that their guilt was onlytechni cal , and that t.hei r services to the Government, which have been of thehighest value and of u most disinterested sort, deserve the most cordial recogni-tion.

AIR SSRVICE CLUBS' ASSOCIATION

One of the functions of'the Air Service Clubs' Association is toassist and promote the formation of an allied organization of enlisted men inthe Air Se:l'vice which will have as its ob ject the ¥rcmotion of so\cial and otheractivities among the soldiers of the Air Service and the creation of a mediumwhich will serve to bind together the Air Service enlieted men after theirreturn to civil life.

The Air Service Association has voted to merge into'the Air ServiceClubs' Association and an invitation has been extended to the Air ServiceInstitute to join With the association in having but one representative andofficial orgalllzatioll.

Itis your opportunity now to join and make the Association a forceand power in the Air Service. Secure an application blank from the officer atyour post detailed on the membership c8~paign, or the Commanding Officer, andmail it today to The Secretary, Air Service Clubs' Association, Care Directorof Military Aeronautics, Washington, D. C.

FLIES V'ITH NECK BROKEN

The Div~sion of Iv.iliti:fry Aeronautics is in receipt of a report froma flight surgeon of what is believed to be the first case on record where aman who suffered a broken neck in a Crash on a flying field ever r ecover errsufficiently to fly again as a passenger.

The accident happened in February last at Gerstner Field, Louisiana,when the ship in which the patient,' Lieut. C. M. Cummings, was flying fell in a

tight spiral from an altitude of 800 feet. The plane was demolished, thepilot, (Liaut. J. E. McKean) killed and the passenger suffered a fracture of thefifih'and sixth cervical vertebras and the partial dislocation of the fOurth andfifth cervical vertebras. The patient has been in the hospital at this fieldunder treatment ever since and has with the aid of a head and neck harness madesuch encouraging progress that recently he rode as a passen~er in a planepiloted by the commanding officer of the field. It is expected that he 1"111ultimately completely recover.

-10- DSl119

CIVILIAN FLYINGINSTRUCTORSAB::JLISHED

The following telegram was sent to all Commanding Officers of FlyingFields, Aviation Repair Depots and .h.cceptance Parks, and is repeated here foryour information and strict compliance.

On December 10, the Secretm;y of ''far abolished the positionof civilian flying ';'nstructor:' effective December thirtly-fi..r.~~.On or before December thirty first all such instructors will behonorably discharged. Commanding Officers may grant leave upto and including Lecember thirty first.

SiLVER FLYINGINSIGNIA

Special regulations authorize ox.i.d'i eed silver flying insignia forMili tary Aviators, and Junior r\~ii.itary AviE.tors, and Military Aeronauts, andJunior Mi~itary Aeronauts s~lilar to previous insignia, but provide for Observers,in both branches of the ser-vi.ve , an insignia' wi th one 'wing, and the letter "0",encircling the letters "U.S."

Flying Instructors of the Air Service are authorized to wear a pairof giilt wings similar to the of'f'acer-s ' collar device, without the propeller,on the left sleeve of all coats, just above the cuff.

This award to Lns t.ruc tor s , is made in appreciation of the services ofseveral hundred fine fliers who have been kept at home for use on the flying ,fia:ldsin this country in turning out t.l.e quot a of lJJlots asked fa r of the United statesfiy the Allies. Instead of the opportunity or flyiug over tne enemy's lines 'andengagins in combat the most expert Hun adversaries they have been detained ~oreto teach slow and plodding cadets. This work has not only been exacting andmonot.onorra but at times even in tlle more advanced dual training planes havelte(m most dangerous especially when the instructors were h and H ng reckless andimpetuous pupils and wer e cOIT;pe].led to ride "lith them while they went throughtheir paces in the alr.

BROOKSFI1LD STAGESSHiMPATTU

The sham battle l.ovember- 30, 1918, was the most intel'es-Ling event everseen at Bzrooks Field~ It pr-ovi.d ed \:hat is beLLevad to be the first opportunity forthe co-operation, in a sham battle o~ a large scale, of airplanes with units ofinfantry, artillery, and cavalry. The Department COlnma;1der,:'~ajor General DeRoseyCabell, took strong per-sona.l inJ~erest in the pLana for 'lJli:1 battle, and tlleofficers of his staff were kind enought.o lend the best drilleccompc:cny of in-fantry, troop of cavalry, and battery of artillery, available in the SouthernDepartment. Tl-,ese troops ".ere quar-t e r ed Lt Froaks Fi61d 011 the night before thebattle, Very great interest ~as manifested in the battlo, ~hich foll~7edtheprogress of an actual attack and counter at tac'c , Two hundr-ed volunteers fromBrooks Field. dressed as Oermane , and suppo r-tec by a large ntz.ib er- of airplanesbearing German insignia, "ere opposed to £) compa.ny or Lnf azrt r-y , which in turnwas supported by the cavalry and arti:i.J.ery, end by an equal number of Americanairplanes.

The newspaper accounts gave a good idea of the b.rttLe, which Lastedone hour. The flying '!'as the best ever seen in San J..ntonio, being spectacular inthe ext.r erne , A synopsis of the battle wasdis'~ributed to all the spectators,wh.i.Lethe -troops were given a more elaborate program. Everything WaS conductedat.it ct Ly in accordance with tte time t.ab Ie , so that at ar.y moment the 10,000spe ctat or s wer e able to follow intelligently the course of the action. On ac oourrtof tne engravers t strike in Sa.n Antonio, no ~ictu.res of -Ghebattle have yetappeared in the local '.1e~7'3pa:)ers.

-11- 031119

The V6:'y cLose ,1',d cordial relations tLat nave existed betweenDepartment Headquart er-s and BrooJ:s FleId were f'ur ther strengsthened by this shambattle. Most of the officers with the visiting or-garu aa ta ons were given flightsf oLl ovi.ng tr.e battle, and 'ehe obser-vat i on ba Ll.oorv from Camp John V'[ise, with aballoon company under ccmrnand of DieutenlOwt J. J~ Bruce, has remained at BrooksF'1eld, wher-e the men ar e quar t er ed in a vacant barracks, The balloon has maderegular ascents, t axi.ng up tl1e ,jom,nandini?; Officer of Brooks Field and allofficers. of the post. T'h.is nas had an exc eLl.errt effect in promoting cordialrelations and; better unr er-et a.-d.ing be twe en tl'.e 'cwo principal branches of the AirService, as only i::.. handf'u L of the 'irooks Yield officers had ever been in, or near,an observation balloon. On one cc casd cn , when !',~Ei,jorBrooks and the writer madean ascent, the b n.ILoon was manoauvr ed all over th':) post, affording a much betteroppo r-t.unt tj t.o study i'~s appear-ance f r om t.he air then can be gained from an air-plane. It is believed that oE'.lloOd companies should be assigned from time totime to the flying sch ooLs for purp ose e of instruction, and so that both theba Ll.oori officers and the airplane officers may Lave an opportunity to know eachotter and to enj oy opport.urri +'ies lor flight in each other t s apparatus.

10 .00 A.M. COfn08t begins. '1.'heAmerican troops are on theleft of spectators, :iermans on the ri.ght. I, Gennon and anAllied ai r-pLane descend from high blti tude in tailspins.

10.03 A.M. Tvro f'orrnat i oris of Cerman bOl~;biI1gpLane s , guardedby combat planes, e.ppear over field at 2. ~OOO fe et , TheGerman infantry, meanwhile, has opened ii re anf advanced over •"No Man' s Land" close to the Amer.i can lines. Anerican infantryis suddenly attacked by C~ennanpLanes r F.rtillery takes position.

10.05 ji.,M. i\ Germen plane attacks the allied observationballoon.

10.15 A.M. American infantry, reir.forced by cavalry, gcinsfire superiority" causing Germans to r eti r e to preparedposi ti ons ,

10.25 A.M. j,llied combat planes Lave gone up to meet Gemlanplanes, and an aerial conrbat ensues. Several ships ar-evf or-cedto descend; at 10.30 an AmeriGan pl~ne m2xes a forced landingin the cent3r of the field.

10.35 A.M. J\I!1ericen e.rtj.llerytakes more c:,dvo.ncedposition.The infantry adv anc e s , covered by fire f r-on, tl',e cavaLr-y ,

1<V.45A.M. '1'118cavalry mounts. 1he Gel'ill'lll line, undercontinued fire, SllOWS s.igris of vfehk~ning. An ArnerLoanformation of bombing planes has maneuvered Lrrt.o posdt i.on overa chateau withinU,e Clerman lines. CaveLr y , advancing inline of f or age r s charges ire Cerrnan po si t i onc ,

10.50 A.M. Lnf e.rrtry advances, and captures 'jerman trenches,'1'h8 sur-vivo r s ar e oi aarraed , formed and mar-chad bac k to theAmerican lines, eacorted by cavalry.

11.00 A.M. Artillery and infantry conso Lidat e tte new position,A distinguisted captive, fleeing from'tta chateau, is discoveredin a GBrm~n dusout.

081119

DORH FIFLD

On Dec ember'v S', Lieut.-Col. R. K. Green, of the Inspector Gene~alfsDepartment arrived at this Post, f or pur-p os es of a nspec ti on , Li eut.v-Oo L, Greenexpressed himself as ve7:Y "reE pleased wi th tue aspect of the post, and satisfiedwi th the progress of the work b ez.ng coriduc t ed there in c onnec t i on with thegunnery training of pilots and the dev eLcpmerrt of pur-sudt vp.i Lot.s ,

Fi ve ships from Dorr Field left Nov emoer- 25th, and had a very diffic;ultt:oip to Jacksonville, due to bad gas at Sur.f ord , Low c Lcuri s (the flying elevationfor the entire 300-mile t.r-i.p was aoout 1200 fee+') , and motor t.r-oub Le , AtJ'a.ck ao nva.Ll e , the:' Landed on the rifle r-ange at Ceup Johnston, about 15 miles out-side of the city iJrojJer. On Tuesday, ''''ednesday, Thursday, and Friday, continuedfog and rains pr evenved any flying, out sd d e of a. sa ng re scout which went up eachday to ascertain the height of the cLoud.s , wh.i ch was seldom greater than 800 feet.On Saturday morning, the clouds broke f oir a short time, and a. fomation. flightwas pulled off from Camp Johnston over tio the ll.ol'j.da State Fai'r Grounds on theother side of Jactsonville, and rack aca:ir:. On Su.xiay , an extremely heavy down-pour all day prevented flying:. 1;,'hi::'e the original plan Lad been lor the shipsto remain but the one week, d~~ to the lack of flyinG weather, pennission wasreceived to remain until. tll2 f oLl owing Frid'ly. On Monday, December 2d, thewe at he r cleared, and rema.ined clear for-'vhe rest of the we ck , So on Monday,Tuesday, Vledncsday, and Tl1Ursday, scouts and Hi spano s flew over the fairlgroul1ds,morning and afternoon, giving exha oati ons 01 f cr-nat i on f1y.ing, acrobatics,and aerial gunnery pr-act.r ce s , un lrid2y ffiorl:ing,the ships started home, threeof them arriving that night, E..Dd two bai ng c cmpe l l.ed to wait overnight atneighboring towns, due to mot or' trouble and 101fT cLoud s , The last two ships'arrived s.afely Saturday me rn..ng , D~cer8be:: 7th.

ARMY PLAN:rI:S MID PILOTS FOR A:(j~P.IALFAI L

According to an .amendmerrt of Ler e d by Representative Green, of Iowa,the Post Off~ce Aerial Mail Service will us~ Army pl~neD, and tney ~ill beoper-at.ed and maintained hy the Flying personnel of '~he Army under the directionof the Postmaster General. .

On De-:.ember 21;(i), the House passed the Postoffice Appropriations billcar r yi ng $358,000,000 for the operation of the mail sel.vic.ed\1l1.il?-~ the fiscalyear endin~ June 30, 1920 and the hill now goes to the Senate.

The only rmpcr-t.ant. ameadn.errt made by the House provides that the '."TarDepar-tment shall supply planes for the aerial mail r-out es and that th3Y shallbe operated and lIt.aintainod by HE) army , under t:le corrcr-oI and direction of thePo s tmaat e r General. The proposed appro.;Jd.:~ti on of ~12,185.000 was reduced to$300,000, and any pur-cha se s of e i.ip Lune s by Hle f'os'0of1fice Department must bemade from the War. and Navy j)epart!1Je:1ts.

The amendment (J! ov.id e s : "That the 38cretary of V1ari s hereby dd.rrectedto deli vel' immediately to t i,fj t'ostmi:ister Gene!'al, 100 De Ilavi Land Fours, 100Handley Page , 10 Gleml ij~,.rt:;'n C:Cly-borlbers; all pLane s c ompLei.e Ly a as embLed andwi th tile neces sary sp e.re parts; al so lOG extra T"iberty engines wi th s:p,''''e parts,50 Hi sp ano .. Suiza engines wit.h JOO b or sep ower- enga ns s , ~O Hi spanov Sud za engineswi th 150 horsepower mot or e , 'the aame to b e out of ,my equipment that the ViarDepartment has on hand 01' under cons t.r-uc't i on ; ere Wal~ Department appr-opr-i atd onto be credited wdth Ule e qui.pmerrt turned over .to tre Postoffice Department.1I

ORJ?~RZD!JOI![E ANDDISCHP2J~ED

In his conference wi th th'~ rcpr"3sentaiiv8s of the Press, Dec6'J1lber Hr,General March) stated t~lat J3I(1C'~! men of the Divisi-on of Military Aer-onaut acs ,30 )000 .in Spruce Produc ti 0;1 had bE-EMdesignated for discharge.

-13- 081119

Eor ec as t Bulletinu illdicat0 t:1e ear-Ly r e t.urn from overseas of the'172,174, lSl1, 151,'3';"4,137,373 and 4'ch !\ogt.Air Serviceli!Iech.::mics includingCompanies 11, 12, 13 & 14.

No Balloon um t s have , 'as yet L een o rde ied hon.e ,

Rec en t.Ly General t;arc:h:<.nnoun:edthi..li 'the f'o l Lowing air organizationshad: been as s:,gnod to ear::"y c onvoy ; Aer o Squ adr-o.rs 23, 176, 247, 264, 499, 400,~65, 467, 488, 635, ~ld 840, totaling 4~ officers an~ 1639 enlisted men, andPhoto Sections 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, & 26 totallng 5 officers and 76 men.

On Dec. 17, the Ohief of Staff annomc od the as s.igrmerrt for ear:J.;yconvoy 0 f the f oH owj ng : Bri t i.sn Rep Lacemcrrt Dro.ft No.1 Air Service , 1 officer,97 men; 1102d Aero Squadr on , 4 o f f' i.c er s , 166 Lien; lS3d~ Aero Squadron, 3 officere,156 men; 482d Aero Squadron, 5 o f ii.cer-s , 149 men; gelth i,ero Squadron and 1,':edica1Det.achn.errt , 2, o f f' i ce-is , 151 11:'311; 491st Aero Squadron and Medical Detachment, 3officers, 137 nen.

The Chief of Staff rec errt.Ly announced the fol10ning organizations havebeen assigned to early convoy:

173d Aero Squadr0~, 5 office~s, 148 men; 158th Ae~o Squadron, 3 officers,155 men; 801st Aero Squadr-or, , 3 of'f'Lcer-s , 136 men; 149th Aero ~quadron, 3 officers,153 men; 35th Aero Squadr-o n ;) 0 f Iicer s , l38 men ,

SCARLETCE3:VRJ1\) B.Ar:}Ji~ 01i' }10l\OFRBT,E SI~R'TICB Al'D DI38hAP.GE

As a recognition of du't ie a pnrforrJ18d ::n "",he service of the courrtry , thoSecretary of VTar has diTeeted tllrt e scl: 801d"8r on boim; h ono r ab Ly d.i achar-ged befurnished with two SC81',i,et chevr ons to be worn onLl'e Le:...t sleeve:3, point up.midway between the elbow Jolld t"le shou Loer , oue on 'Lhe c oa't and one on the overcoat.

These chevrons ,jlt ser-ve fo .indic ata to t;:p, cou.rt r-y 1Nh:il0 the un.ifcrmis being worn that t l;e ne,n's:.' r-e sp cnded vcc t l.e c'el!l:'nds of t.he COU1'try, performingcr.edi table service in..;}-e iXL1:' I end f i.na.l Ly r-ec oi 'led Lonorable discharge tLerefrom.

Where pr-ac tLcc.b te t',G'c:18 c l.evr ons sl.ovu.d Le s ewn on the garments beforedisccharge. If this c ar. 'lot L8 ('0'1e "':,l'e:~ wi.Ll, f)e pr eae.rt ed to t::e soldier with'his discharge papers.

-The chevrons l,':ill be of the 88r:Je si ze a.id shape 0.8 now prescribed for'Val' ser vice chevrons. Immeda r te steps 'vill be -'cako:a to p r ova dert.hem at allplace s where troops will be d Lecl.a rged and they car, be furnished to men aLr e adydi ach ar-ge d wilo app Ly for aane ,

One of the gr eret.e st ')attJ.S3 t:1e ;kl11oo:1is ~ ha.s ' to fight is the wind.He is co ns t.arrt Ly aloft a; C.L?;re;,.t hei,-,:h~ ovArthe Li ne , unarmed and subject toattacks by enemy a i r-cr-s.f c a.nrl ;1:80 all tie eccer.t.r-ao i.ties of 't he ,"eathe

1st Lt. Ever-e t.t H. Li l.enc , t.a Ll.oou ol.s erv er, fr-on. Kentucky, who hasjust returned from over-seas vrhare l.e was last btati one d with tho lOth BalloonCompany I related some of [li3 e':l~eriences j us t prsc ed'i ng and during t:1e st. Mi:lieldrive. 0:1 the first dc:y of this dr i ve, Septel:lbe> 12; Lt, Li xons and another o'0ser-vel' responded to t ae call wha ch werrt a.i ; alone; t;;e line, for 2.11 ooser ver-s to go""loft as soon as possible. This 1"r,;S no t a n.ost unusual or-cer especially v~ith abig 1=':18hon, bu t on rtni s 0 cce.s.ion a'IDTy strong wind was, blowing e.nd under ordinaryci r-c izn s t a ncas no one ',You.lc hi.l.ve gOLe up. At about 7:A.II:. hO'lfOV8X', tile balloonCCfJH')a.1Vto 'ilrich these obs er ve r s ver e at tached got out th'3ir balloon and maderea~,y to sene', it aloft. The t'-ro 'bscrvers had just c Li.mbed in the basket add theba.l Loor, "n.s ztarting up, slrf::tyillg rapidly f iorn one side to another, at ao out the

081119

hea glrth of the sur-r ounda ng tree tops, when an unusually s t.r o'ng gust seizedthe balloon and flung it. about in a veryd angerous manner. It dived to theground then jerked a10 ft Dnd on one occ as.i on did a compLe t e aerial flip so thatthe ba ske t was 'thr-own ccrnpi et eLy ar ound tlle balloorl,d1e two observers beingheld in by their O\1IJ11 st r ength and the action of cerrt r-i.f'uga L force. After sometime of wi2-dest gyrati ons, the balloon b ecame caught in the trees and thebasket was hurled to the ground. On one occasion during the fight 0 f the ez-ewon t~e ground to get the balloon back to earth, a sudden gust seized the ballOonand ac t ua Lly lifted witt it t r,e 16 ton wi.nch , to wl.ach t.l.e cable vas attached,from the ground.

'::'he two obs er ve rs we r e pretty well exhaus t ed when they finally crawledout of the baske t and one of them 'ires badly inj or ed and temporarily out of. thegame. Lt. Li kens , however, WPS the more fortunete of the t\~JO and escaped witha few scratches to enjoy t r.e F:l'ivilege of goiniS aleft in another balloon almostimmediately and conducting all tte ooserv&.tions for the company during theremainder of the offensi ve , he ciirected the Ere of artillery. Lo cat ed theenemy batteries and made , g'1ne"al sur-vei Ll.anc e of t:1e -troop mOV2ITJentsand otheractivities within the an9~y linos.

It WC'Sduring tir' 'l S2Jl18 drive that the balloon out.f ats a.Long a frontof 20 to 30 kilometers in this neighbor~ocd, lost severely. One balloon wasdestroyed; two, one a French b.nd one ail Ar;:erican, practically destroyed; onebroke 100s8 and went to GP.!'j118.ny wi th)oth of its obs er-ver-s , their parachutes.having become torn arid uS31e"i:!. while anot11nr balloon was bur-ned by an ai.rp Laneattack.

Lt. Li kens '~laS t r-aaned in this country for infantry wor-k before he wascommissioned in the Air30r'.J:Ice c>:1d s errt overseas for further training for aballoon observer. His first ~c~i~itiBs over there placed him with a. Frenchballoon company on the front wner e he r er-aa ned for tyro rro rrt.h s in training. Duringthe course of his obsei-vat i on wor k, with the 10 l\Lerican Balloon Company, Lt.Likens was forced to make two pt.r-a chut e deee errt s when his balloons were burnedabove his head by enemy "lir'JlC:'18s'. On each occas i cn he landed among the trees,the parachutes bec oming verrt ang Led and hanging to the br anc he s against whichhe bumped and scratched on his "ray to earth. ,UthouC!l he was not seriou'slyinjured he wears a wound stripe 0(1 his right s2-ee".'eli.ndica'oinb an injury re ..ceived in action. Fe exp Lai ne d that par acrn.t e jULipii,g was noc so bad after theparachute opened, but was r8.".;.rer a pleasant se1l8,~nion. Evidently the presenceof an intact parachute at~a:hed to a ballo~n basket. is a very raassuringaccessory to ballooning.

According to Lt. Gcoq,;e C. 'i:hiting, of Eost.on , Mas s .. who has justreturned from active fC:i.yj.ng ;3e'."'I:i:c'e''Tit:l t',e '3riti sb. riany German pilots andobservers are both ef~'icien~ 2~10 ..)OS88S3 1.:1 g00d can0 urrt, of nerve and finess.

"It is. a mi.s taue" said wt. \11}}:=. tin[, '.1 to 'oeli eve that all German f Li e r sare inef ficient, unt.r-ai ne c pilots and lackir,g in ner-ve" . ~.

"We men, v.ho nave fLown along the BY'..i t:iSi1 front, ":ontinued Lt. Whiting, -;know tha t there are t"ro cLas s ea of Hun ai r fighters; one. the medi oc r e men, who,it has ev iderrt Ly boen decided, are not wor-th giving sp ec i a.L or adva nc ed training, \and the better cLaas of ru en who are hi gLly spe ci ed i zed operators and fighters.""This. lat~cer class is orgaru zed in 3rouPtl. W'3J.l known at t r.e front. as qircusSquadrons, ":vhich are ordered up anu uown the lines 1T,'here t hey are needed andoften oonc errt.r at ed with a hope 0:" breaking the acr-a o.I mor e.Le of the Allied forces.ThG only real unfortunate par-t of this system however, is the f r.c t, that some ofthe nevr squadr-ons f r e ah f r or» t.l;e t r-edm-ng fields are first assigned to a quietisector INhere none of -dlese :~enl;al1 super ai.rrnen are flying. After a few success-ful scraps these new <:tiY'fighte'r's get the idea that all }erJl1an fliers. are dubsand as the !\meric:ll1s ~cq, "Easy raeat!", but later on ill other sec'7,ors, or ~hpn,

OS1119

"hy chanc e , some (jenne,,"1 circus squadrons ar e ordered in to their neighborhood,.bbey find at their own expense, that Gernan:r has two c Lus se s of air fighters. II

Lt. 'Whitil~g, had f Lown somewhat, before the war in a Wright plane.At tte teginnin~ of the V!b.rhe enlisted Ln the cir service and went overseas,being assigned '.'lith the British for '~rdnL1g and it "TaS in the B:-itish serviceas..on ~'lme:,ic:ln, that l18 wo n his wing". Later on he Gaw active service with the~3rt~. Squadron of the P.A.F. in France.

Referring to the An.er-i can flier as 8. t:rpe,' Lt. ':Yhiting said that the iyoung Arr:erica.n office):' is of t en too erier-ge ti c and d ar i ng and that, as specif:i.edabove, he is apt to get the a dea that t.ne Hun pilots are all poor and beCOIn6Jcareless. Thera wore in cpcr-at.Lon along tlie Jemwn front at least 15 of the;;0 cal::'ed "C:.rcus Sque:Ldronsll

' such as was c cenaanded by Richtoffen, the "BlueNoses" the "Checkerboards" and others, all composed of expert fighters and fliers,and as 'stated above, t hey were moved up and down the lines constantly where theymade life very busy in tlleir neighborhood for the old exper-i enced fliers, aswell as 'che new 01l8S.

Lt . Whiting said thC1:~he f 01t more or .Less bound to tes tify to theabi\lity arid lIstoutness" Of some Cre':'T!:anfliers .ind ai r fighters whom he en-courrt er ed, On one occaai.on .it S 3ems t:18.t two A::'licd:Ughts of fi ve ships eachin "V" f orrna'ti on , wee'E\~Jro-.:ee(lin~~over the hun Line s , one Ship quite a distanceabove the 0-'" her , when a Gei1J'~n two-seated pLane 2.t"c8cked the topmost alliedplane. The attack of the German tow6ver, failer; :tn t.hat he did not hit theAllied pilot, birt as L8 dashad t.r.r ough the ?irst fCJr''1at:i.on hi s pi.Lot W:lS hit,apparently killed. and the n.acha ne bur s t, into fLamos , 1-':. sud den Ly began to diveout of control bur mng fierce1.y, tho f Lamcs streak:.!'!£'; b ack over t.h e pilot to-war-d the observer, Eealiz:Lng that. Le V'aS in a very dd.ngerous }losi ti on, if not afatal one. the observer Let..ned f'orwar-d , s ec ui-ed the controls and managed to ge t.the sh.ip und er control, so tl1u.t as it de sc e ndad it VIas describing a rather erra-ticsod r a'l • As he reached -cn) 10178':' formation of a.llied planes, the observer seiz-eohis efforts to erirect or::or:trol t:le pl.a ne , srt ood up and sa ez ed ilis machi.ne glen'with which he proceeded to spray tD8 Lower- forj"ation of allied pLane e a o he .pas.sed thr ough , By this tj.me t.no front of tile Gern.an fuselage was flaming badlyand the observer h.irnce.if V'lL,Sbeil.g bur-ned while he o;Jerlted his .sun in a lastdeaperate measure to ae courrt io r some enemy planes. but his :lervy efforts werein vain and his pLane -:1as:led 'co"!ard t:je earch ,.esJY.Jb.::.inb..' d. flinilloO: comet .' Tills'* "- , .German observer, Lt. Wilit::"m; L -l:.nt;.:tinc0, wad pos sibly an exception. but he certain ..Ly was possessed with OJ. 1"v91 h er.d , tre::1e;-!dol'S r.er ve l nd de t.ermi natd cn rto do hisutmost.

Another example cited by Lt • ::'Jhit:i.ng of Germur; ton(i~ity. was wi t ne asedwhile he was over the 1in88 on corrt aot ps.fr-o I, ass~st:.ns t.h e i:lfa.ltry to break up,machine gun nas t s . He:'e lie saw beJ.ow hilie a maoh.ine ,jlJ.n~wr, the last of' three orfour, stick desperately to ~is e~unin spite of cLoee fJ:'oxi.mity of the advancf.ngBritish infantry, urrtd L his gun elcner- j anrned or tt3 anmun.itd on ran out , Eventhen, the German did not. su::re10el' but 3te~J:)ed back. ripped out his revolver anddefended himself until cut, d0V,;:1 by t:J8 ad vanc e of t~l0 131'itish.

"Some of t.her ," sax d Lt. '''hitir:g referr:.ng to the German soldiers,"havep Lerrty of nerve and ability r.nd ;;12.LeLonc r ab Le ooponerrt s ,"

"While i t se ems ab sur d -1:.0 taE: ab out w.rr f Ly.i ng now, 'f Lt,' 1:1Ih;tingcorrtd nue d , "one thing car:'ot3 cud JOU:1g f Li. ar s ..ahouId constantly bear in mind,'is. the safety of formation flying and. the value of keeping in position, "Ar ch.i e"?ire will sometimes disconcert 8 i18'V pilot on hi s hrst trips over the Lane s and1-,8 will be tempted to 1:'re8.k f ormat i on ant' proceed "OLl his own'! , but such a:":1c.l1euveris absolutely disastrous for some hun plane 111rk~.ng far al.o rt , Day be:,":a.iting j us t such a movement ar.d ,vi': ",.ounce upon any st:cagGler who may Leave';-;.e f orrna td on ,

Lt.1cTl;iting, it is Sala, is cr-ed.it ed with bringing down five Huns and:ia8 spent over 400 hours in t~1e air over the lines. I':

..16 ...RADIO BRANCW ACTIVITIES 0811191

The Radio Brandh of the Trcrining Se cci,on weekly repor-t c:,lO'""c t.,a.tthere were 187 candidates for radio officers in training at the Radio Schools.Besides these candidates, 504 radio operators and 455 radio mechanics are undertraining at present. Six hundred and four artillery-men are also under instruc~tion at the Air Service Radio Schools.

Officers ofthi s section connected wi ththe Technical Department;~,-"ehave taken part in exhibitions at Washington covering the directing of planesby radio telephone from the ground," and made special testa and investigationswith special apparatus for this form of radio communication.

OPERATIONS OF PHOTOGRAPHIC BRANCH

The weekly report of the Photographic Branch of the Training Sectionfor the-week ending December 14, states that this branch is formulating plansfor future aerial mapping which will mean the retention of many photographicunits throughout the country. Plans for a mo bile photographic organizationhave also be-en-submi t.t ed , 1'rorknow under way includes the making of lanternslides, and mosaics fr~ tho photo~rapho recently taken from the air of theChemical 1¥arfare service plant at Edgewood Arsenal. Maryland.

During the week ending December 14. a total of 515 students were re~ported at Rochester and Cornell. To date the graduates at photographic schoolsnumber 2035.

KELLY JOINS ASSOCIATION ~N MASSE

The Board of Control of the Air Service Clubs' Association is muchgratified at the result of the recent membership drive conducted at Kelly Fleld.In this drive a total of 244 officers was secured under the supervision of"Uajor S. S. Hanks, A.S. (M.A.)

Maj or Hanks has certainly made a f i.ne record and Kelly Field is tobe congratulated for the enthusiasm thrown into the campaign. It has providedthe largest group of officers joining the Air Service Clubs' Association atanyone time and its activities are eapecially inspiring to other fields nowc.o1nd'uctingcampaigns.

In his report I/ajor r;anksmodestly states that he -received great-support from 21 officers located in the different departments of Kelly Field,Qne of which, the Air Service Supply Department responded 100 per cent •

The Air Service Clubs' Association membenship on Dec. 20. numbered1057.

AMERICANS WITH P.A.F.

Twenty-five enemy airplanes were brought down by American aviatorsbrigaded with the British between September 23rd. and October 20th. inclusivewith one week, and five American .iv-latorswere. decorated with the BritishDistinguished Flying Cross, according to the latest Royal Flying CorpsCommuniques last received by the Division of Military Aeronautics.

2nd. Lieut. H. C. Knotts, 17th. American Squadron, whose home is inCarlinville, Illinois, rece~ed the folloviLng special mention in the communiqueon September 29th~

..17.. OS1119•

"znd, Lieut. H. C. Ynottdl 17th. Amer-ic an Sl.iuadron, wh.iLe on theoffensive patrol SaYl a low.er flioht attacked by eight enemy airplanes and di'vingon one of' them shot i't dO'Nn6 On t.ur-rri ng back to ~8gain his f ormati.on, anotherenemy ad r-pLano attacked him :f:tOLl boh.ind, but 1'13 suc ce eded in maneuvering onits tail shooting it down in flcUi183."

The Distingui8hecl~'lying Cross was awr.r dcd to:

Lieut. H. R. C}.ay,Fort 1'forth I Texas." ,R. G. Land i s, (no a ddr e s s)" E. 1?1. Sllrings, Lunc .:'.staT , Pat" F. E. Luff I ClevelanGlI Ohio" .T. O. DOl"aldsonl Vfastingtor:, D.C.

Enomy planes were brought down by:

Lieut. E. W. 0l'ri ''.gs I Lancaster I Pa." F. E Kinvley, Cr-aue tce , Arl):•." W; B, Knott.s, :10 uddress.II E. H. 3i stell, no addressII m Wr:/1.y, no address.L ." W. f":"1 C Leiae rrt s , Gloucester, Va.~ ." H. 1:3tlrd~.ck, Brooilyn, N. Y.u A. O. RC.lston, i'.'eeping VT&te:', l.eb ,11 J O. Creech, 1,Jashingt on I D. C •.II H. 'l. rjlay, l<'o!'t Worth, 'I'e xa s ," C. I. McLean, New York, 1,; • Y." W. H8bd, P~Y80n, III.u.

" G. A Vc'_ughn, findlay J Ohio\I J. 0.) Donaldson, Viaah i.ugt on , D.C.l\ C. Bissell, no address.II L. T, :J8.l1ah::m, no address...

During this S3llle ;Jer.Lod ono e nemy balloon was sh ot down in flames by2d,; Lieut. J. B. Garver WhOS8 home is in Strassburg, Ohio.

The record of the 1\l118X'ic.b.!1av'iat or s who have been br i gaded with theBri ti sh, has been a creditable one. The Royal "'lying CoqJS ccnmuni que s showthat Septem bor 9th. to Octo bel' 20th. wi t.h one week mi,s si,ng , 36 enemy airplanesand two hostile balloons wer-e 'Jrought to ear th by A1:lericans. Eleven DistinguishedFlying Cr-.osses were awar-ded to i\mdric en Aviators by the Bdtish Gov8,rnment duringthi s same peri ad.

During the ce Lcbr-c.t.aon at pcicll 1<'ield called Open House Day, one of thestunt s "pulled off" is r ep or-teu as f0110V'.'s:

The free ride offered to the womar.who drew the lucky number proved tobe a good-matured hoax, "rhiGh in point of excitement f urn i sh ed more thrill"s thanwQlUldLave been recorded had one of T'Taco's fa:i.restbeen a.l Lowed to take wi.nge aswas announced. To all Llte:lts :Mr~. ;7. 1CJ. Cameron had vron the dr awing , whereuponshe was es.corted to the flii'pt of iLc e by Lieut,enant Sharp, tnere to sign thealleged necessary papers. T:TithLl the flight oUi ce e , however , Lieut f Eddie Glenn,well known society lion of Uiaeo) was waiting, dressed in a perfect duplicateof ~frs • Cameron' 8 cos t ume,

In clue time th,} ClLbit.iol;;n "Mrs. 8am8ron" was escorted from the flightoffice to t.he waitincs ship where instructions were co De given on her behaviorwhile in the a ir , In exam.ini.ng the ship, 1f~l'rs. Camer-on" climbed up into thef'us el age , and Ifaccidentl-;rll opened t:le throttle, causing the plane to be set in.(OO1.:..on. It pe r f orrred a ,"ide arc "'i th one ','in~ dr-ageinG) and the tail see-sawingcver the field. Ac, speer' "12.8 gC:ctl-:ered, the trep7.d,:ttious air "woman" was carried

-18- 081119

o:.:f fhi) ground in he:' '0]::;.1- .in a wL.9 end re c k La s a s cr emb Le , ~r-,e~l came "c ont r-oL''and this clever comedy proved a br:.ght sp ot in the day, for tile skillful flying,of Lieut. Glenn, together with the success of vl'e joke, in or-e vthan made up forthe possible d.i a appo i.ntm errt in not s3eL1g a l.'Taco woman t c.ke her first ride.

\-' .NE\1;JRCR.~'l' PROIrJCTI'ON HEAD

Lie~t. Col. J. A. Mars, Air Service (formerly Signal Corps) has justbeen detailed as Director of Aircraft Production to succeed M9ssrs Ryan and Potterr-oai.gned , Lt~.Col. Mel'S, hr.s been relieved from duty as officer in charge ofthe Demobiliza.tion of the Air Service, and Lt. Col. George B. Hunter detailedto thi s duty.

TRAYS-CONTnJENT!~L"'LF:Hr-,\,

l'.labamn The four training'lanes ccmtng Eest from San Diego, California,' re~chedEufaulci":7from Mon-~gomel'Y, Alaban.a , on Dec. l'1tL, [end t.ur-ned south headed for f

Florida. They were given p ernri s sx on to come on to VJa.shing'~on,D. C., but \.,requested that they be al l.owed 'GO iLy t.hr ough i"lorida before coming north and thisconsent bei!1lsecured, started f OJ' Jacksor,ville on December 18. From there theywill proceed to Ar cad io , By r er-chf.ng Jacksonville they "Jill have completed a .itrans-continental fligr:t, tho first on record "or formation f Ly i ng , /

They left the Pac i.f ti c COu.st on December 4, each carrying two men, andhave Come steadily east in hops of one and one-ha:d:~ hour each, mapping thecountry as they went al.cng for the puepo se of laying out a southern trans-continental air route.

} (

Vol. 1. D. Til. A. UBLKLY H3WS LETTZR O.S. 1140

Air Service r.ashfng ton, D.IJ.Deco~ber 28, 1918-------------------------------------------------._----------~-----------

:NEVI AIR SERVICE READ

:M3.j. Ge:n. Ohar-Le s T. Manohar, Ia to Iy comnander of the nainbovlDivision 2,nd t~1eSixth ArmyCorps, W210 has just been appoIn ted Directorof the Air Sorvice is now enrcute to the Uli ted states, wher-e he is ezo-pee ted to land on ;.ra.n. 2. GenE:ra1ijenoner left France, on boar-d tneTrans?ort Frinc8ss Latoika on December 20, for Ne\~)ort News, va. Accom-pa::yi12g the new Direc tor is an Artillery Aide-de-camp, and ten Air ser-vice OfficOl'S.

Geno1"2..1};:enohp.rwas U-IJieut-Col. a.ttas'hed tot1Y.;' I.Nli.rd 1'ie1clAJ,'tillery at the declaration of war., ~~)rQi!!g tc:ko.~la5t'At'>'r:lJT Register:-He was born in Pennsy'lvarda , r,rarch 20,18&2, gradua ted from tl;,e MilitaryAcade;:}yin 1885, at the ago of t\vonty-fom.', and VIas assigned to theArtillery whero he sE::rveduntil he became a general officer.

General M~rch, in his }Tess interview of December 21st, re-ported. on new Officers of the Air service 2.S follows:

liThe r-e sd.gna tiol1 of T.Jr. John D. Hya.nand. Jl:1r.Willia::t C. Potter f1'o;-,1the Air service has broue;htabout the consideration of putting permanent mi1i~tary officers in cnarge of those facilities, anddur ing +"heweek I have design8.t8Q CoL J2.mesA.M2.rsas acting director of aircraft production, torelieve bIr. Potter.

I have designated Eaj. Gen. C:i:lZ.r1esT.l1!enoheras director of Air se~vice. Gen. Menoher has beenin France in CO:lIi,:a.lldof the Rainbow Division, for alarge part of the fightinG', c',lldbefore the armfs ta cewas concluded had been promoted and assi3ned to com-mand the 6th Corps. Gen. j\,lei1on.eris on his way nome."

Replying to a question as to 'w~ t ex terrt tile Air forces were. being used wi th the Ar,~l~Tof Oocupation, Ger..eral f.~arch said:

"The .air forces arc beint; demobilized. v/ith thegreatest r2..p:i.dity, a~ld Gen• .Pershing' has asked tha.tno ~ore aviation supplies of any kind be sent toEurope. II

:mOH THE A. E. r,; AIR SZRVIC3

A brief revi9~ of operation3 of the American Air Service inF".I.'2.nce,up to Eoverjber 12, is corrtaIned in a. cab.Io from :Major General~arbord to the Director of the Air service, eated December 15, 19180

There were in opera ti on on t:1e fron t on November11tn, thir ty-nine AmorLcan Ae'J."OSqu2.drons, distributed 2.S fo110'<7s:

20 pur sui t, 5 army observation,1 nigl1t bombarwnent, 12 corps observation,6 day bo~ba.rdment 1 night observation

c,-2- . t

()A' ..".'"o.s..1140

•

3Z1C:ny ?lanes br-ougn t down by A;ne:!-icC1ufl~lers, incluo.ed 491 con-fir:c:eci.and 354 unconr rrmou, iI£\l;:ing a total of 805. A total of 82 enemy~lloons are repm~ted as destroyed, of~~ic~ 57 were cOl1firilled. Dl~ingtlle activi t ies of the Ai:,1e:dcallAir service, the Uni tec_ stc:!.tes lest 271?l2.:J.es 2.!?Q. 45 03.1100ns.

Concer~ing cmTh~issioned ~er3mLlel casualties, tl~ cable reports109 }:illedt 103 wounded; 200 missiilg, 27 ?ri soner s and 3 inter:iled, makinga. te-tal of 442.

The Air Service included in the ZOlle of advance 2161 officers,2~351 soldiers, a total of 24,512 at the actual front. T[~re were also4,~D officers and 28,353 soldiers in the service of sup)ly. vith tl1e?rench Arwiesthere ver-e de ta i Led 8 J;,\;Jlericallflying officers and \/itIl tl-;eBritish Expeditionary ~orces_ there uere 49 officers and 525 soldiers. ~hetotR.l ?erso~~el in ]Tanca consisted of 0,861 officers and 51,229 soldiers,a. to taL a.ir strength of 58,090. Air Service :"6c11.3.n1csregiments wit::.1.theFrench Ar:J.yincluded 109 officers and 4,744 soldiers •

The flyir~ persollilel under instruction on ~ovember lltb, in-cluded 1)323 pilots assi~led as foll~Ys:

preliminz.-ry 126atlvanced 29:Pul'suit 850

ObservationD3.y bOinlJiEgla~;ht II

14077

101

observer-s in training included 563 artillery; 65 clay bOlllb:i.ng,and. 61 night bonbIng, a tota.l of ~69 officers. This m8.c1.ethe agGregate.in training 2,012. The flying pe~sollllel, avaitillS i~struction, included155 pilots and 59 obser-ver-s, Graduations up to J:~ove;nberLL, 1918, in-cluded 6,059 pilots divi~ed as follovs:

P!'e limi:;:laryA.c;.va.ilcedPursuit

1~5732,3591,160

Observation 72~Day bombillg 329Nigh t bombing 25

A total of 2,045 observers divided as follows:

.Pursuit44rtilleryDay 'bomb Lng

881,425

390Ui[;ht bO;.1oin15142

A total of 159 individuals is repo~ted as being killed in trairringo

The nurabar of planes, by. tYge, received from 8.11 sour-cas by theA.Z.F. be~1een september 12, 1917 and November 16, 1918 is as folloVD:

{For service 3,337 (For service 3,421:Pursuit ( Observo.tion{

(For schools 90 (Par schools 664

(For service 421j)2~;1 BOT.1bing{ NiGht ree onnaf ssance 31

{POl' schools 85

other planes received included 2,285 training pl~lles, 30 e:~Qeri-meatal planes and 108 ;niscella~leous, rre.lcinga t otc.I of 6~4'72.

Eight diffe~ent schools under k~erican control were establishedin }'r2.nceand designed for tl'aining 3,800 officers and 11,'laO man, <:'3

fo11o'.7S:

\\\

Tours Observers:916 officers

2,121 soldiers

:Meucon - Artillery Firing POiilt:20 officers

110 soldiers

('0<-L.;-

(o.s. 11Ll.. O

Clermont-7er:callcL - DO;.lbarcG-,1en"t;120 officers660 so Ld.rer s

I ssoudun - .Ge;:~e1'c.lflyinG,21175 ofi'icers6~100 soldiers

and

(}l1D- tilIoE-sur-Seine - obsez-ver s .204 officers373 so Id.t er-s

st. Je2..n-de-l~onte - Aerial gunner-a.92 officers

1,500 solcUers

souge - iu.tillery firing point:259 ofl'lcors750 soldiers

CoetqUidan - Artillery firing point:25 officers

120 soldiers

SZCRET1 ....."W B.A.':K8R'S GR3ET Il~G

(statement by the secretary of val' for release formorning newspapers, ;ja;:luary 1, .1919)

OU tIlis first day of a new .9.l1dinviting year 'I I am l1ap?y to sendby these means hoHd.a~Tgreetings to He officers and men of the United. statesP;rmy. \7e look fOl:\"larclto a realiza. tion of tl-:e o1>jects of vici;ory, t11e finepurpo ses of peaceful pur sui ts and reconstruction along Lrnes more stableban civilizationrA5 ever known.

As rapidly as possible tl:e men who bavo served. in the great mili-tal'Y enterprise2.re now retnrning to civil life, the V2.St majority of tihembetter equip~ed physic~lly tl~il they were one or two years ago and all, Ifirmly believe? spiritually better by token of a consciousness of duty noblyclone. Every c i tizen who thinks of the incalculable serVice that the uniformedforces of the na.t ion have accolllplished wHl join vii th me in a sincere vlisht:b..:). t our land '.:ill yield to them prosperity and plentifulness, op:port'tmityabounding, with new sources of happiness, and corrteritmen t, The future ofthe United. states ,':rill very largely be de terramed by t::e young men who haveconsti tuted the fighting fOl"ces in this war. I have had, exceptional .opoor-tunt ty to }~o'u them and they have confiraecl ill a very Iar-ge way myestimate of their courage, ability and high inlrposes and on, tInt knowledgeI foresee a marvelous national development.'

HEYiTO:N D. .B.A.lilln

FIRST TPJ~HS-CONTIli!BKTAL PLIGHT

The squadron of four army training planes flying fro,~ San Die!?;o,C?1ifornia, r-eached the Atlantic coast on Deceiuber 22nd. This flight infor;,,-.:ltionappr-oxtmates 2,400 miles. The planes left tl:e pacific Coast:>ecelllber4 and they have OOl1'.eeust across the cont.ment in short flightslini ted by the size of the5,r gasoline tanks, none of the planes carryingmor-e tnan an hour and a half's suppIy at anyone time. '.rhe crews? tV/OmOll to a. plan~,mve gathered data :1nd statistics on landing fields, also

(

made 2.il~ r~:ps of ~:;heronte along Vllich they came,

c. o.s. 1140

This work is 2. par t of t:::e bif,' z-econnad ssazce nov lJei:i:lgmade byfliers going out in all directi)lls fro~ over u,enty-five fields in variouspar ts of' t:le cOu;'1.try. The ncteriz.l collected, as fast as it is returnedto t:~ ~ields~ is being fonvqrded to Wsshington for analysis a~d compil-ing in the form of a govern"llent air guide or blue book. 1fajor Albert D.Sinith, comraandt.ng the air squadron which has cone east from the ?d.cific,reported on uecember 23rd, to tIm Division of Military Aeronautics inV~s~ington, DoCe, ttat his planes left AwericusGeorgia at 9:00 A.tie,Deceober 22ncl ancl arrivecl at Jaclmon'trille, FlOl'idQ.~a.t noon, baving en-coun tez-od rain azd fog all "t~leway and. at, no time bavir..g' a ceiling ofmore t~ 500 feeto uajo~ sni~l ex~ects to fly his squadron north to~~shi~gton at an e~rly date.

R3COHS~RUC~10:r AT G3RS'111:&"1 CQ1l1lE1TDED

At the request of the E;::.ecu:tivesection tlle attached communicationfrom tl~ Assistant secre~a~y of T~r com~ending the work of reconstruction atGerstner "'Field at a cost. of less than a.Dlircl Of the original estimate.

Gerstner Field was practic~lly destroyed by a hurricane on theafternoon of August 0, 1918.

War nepar ben tOffice of the Assistant secrotary

y{.1shingtont D.C.

December 20? 1918

M:GiViC1.tt-~lillLjUFOR cor,. C. G. EDG.l\.R:

The Assiste.nt secretary of 'Par has read ':Ii til much Ln ter eat your-memorandumor December 19, in raga-I'd to ti:e r-eoonso-uo ta on of GerstnerFlying' Field and asks me to say to you how e::tremcly gra tifyinc; it is tohim to 1::2oWthat tl'l.ework will be com)1eted. for a cost not 'to exceed$130,000.00, a.ltlloUb:1 the original estimate amounted to ~;466,OOO.OO. Theuse of troop labor i:12-S been fully justified and. the results far beyond anvone I s ezpecta tion. . "

C. H. I~

For tl:e Assistant secretary of War

In a repor t on the work, Col. Edg2,rt Chief of the Sup:ply section,D.j\iI.A., says in part:

"P.:>.rticular o ornraenda tLon is deserved. by the Corrrnand.LngOfficer, Sl~ply Officers, Officer in Charge of construction,and the of~icers ar.d enlisted men of the Service and Con-struction Squadrons at Gerstner Field. for their e;~ceptione.llygood work in tlle l'::.pid. reconstruction of the wr-ecked Pos t ,«

PERSOlT.i:8LB QARD

"A bo~rd of officurs as n2med below is constituted to consiQersuchmattors affecting tne ?e~so~~el of t:~ Air service as reay be brov~htbefore it:

,c. C'o.s. 1140

Colonel Archie Iiille::.'~ A.So A.0010(181 if. Fo D<1.vis,A. S.A.anlonel Do. E. GillDore, A.S.A.C0101'1..61Eey\ry C. :tl'c.tt, J.LL., A.S.A.J..t, Colm.lelj-1UshB. Li'~co:!.n, A.S.A.Lt. Colonel~. F. C~stle, J.d.A., A.S.A.J.Jt. Colonel U. F. H;:'..1'~,10n,J .Id.A., A.s.a.Lt. Colonel H. BeT':il1€;tO:J,A.S.A.

'l'~1efollowing Ie ttel' xl'om The Adjute'111tGe:1eral, des.i.gnate s thefield at De tr-oi t, DoS :,::orl'OWField.

December l7~ 1918

To: .All Dej)artment and Oa.;np Oomnander- s and 0.11Bureau Chiefs

You are infol'med tIn. t the Air Service Acceptance:Earleat Detroit, Michigan, will-be officially knownas Morrow Field, in honor of Lieutenant Karl CliffordMorrow, who lost his life in Detroit, 11:ichigan, November11, 1918, v,hile elltertainj.ng ci tizens of tl:e ci ty whowere celcbr~tlng tl1S signing of the armistice.

1y order of the secretary of ~ar:

(Signed) RUlp:ilHa..rrisonAdjutant General'!

CITED FOR DIST.I~C:UISH2~SERVIC~

The oommand.ez-in c~1ief, in the 112..;118 of the ?resident, bas awar-ded'. the di sth:gllishecl-service cross' to t:te i'ollouing named ofi'icers and ao Ld.i.er-s

for t!:e O,Cts of e:dr2.ordir..ary her-o i sm described after their nl1,,:OS:

.First Lieut. Y/iHia?;}Ti.p~lmcr, pilot, Ail' serYice, 94t.il AeroSquadron. For e:-:traordil1ary Iier-o Lsm .i;.1 action in tIle region of Dou.lc on,Fl~::nce, October 3, 1918. Lieut~ :Calmer encountered thr-ee enemy planes(Fole.Jmrtype). De spa te . their nurner LcaI superiority he a t tacked and, in adecisive combat, sent one drnvn in flames arrl forced the others to retire.HO,'Je addr-e ss , H. 1:. Palmer, fC'.tller, Bmmettsville, S.C.

First ~ieut. ~dw~rd P. Curtis, pilot, Air Service, 95th AeroS<1ua'lron. POl' e:::traorctinal~Yheroism ,in :lction in tl:e region of Stenay,France, depte~ber 27, 1918. Lieut. Curtis volunteered to .perf~m a 1'e-COIDluissance p~trol of )articular danger and im~ortance 30 kilometers with-in the enemyr s territory. He irade the entire jour:ley tl-u-ougha heavy ~mti-aircrc.ft and ID?<cbine-gUllf:i.re, and fIe\] at an e:.:tremely low al ti tude to se-cure the desired information. Homeaddress, Mrs. G. T. Curtis, mother,Eorth Goodr~'\,.n&treet, Rochester, N. Y.

Q.."-pt. Jumes A. r:~tllis, obser ger , Air service, 1st Army observationgl'ou'p~ For e:-:tr.:torc\.ir.aryheroism in action in t11e reGion of Metz, France,sopteL'.bel' 13, 1918. ~[hj.le on a r-econnai.ssance unc.er the most adverse weathercond i t icns , ',',hich nec eas l ta ted flying at extr-emeIy Low a.Lti tude , Capt, \lallis,

••,6":,,

(c.s. 11-10

',1ith. his pilQt, pe.ie t.ra ted the ene.nyt s territor;)T to a dep"Jll of 25 k:UOT.etel's.Att::.c?:ecl by i'iV8 enemy planes, they dOs'cl'oyeu one and fOlCe(;. tile otrar s tor0 .~~~!"';, U'~Fte.r ~lC8.~;~{f:]_1"8 frOfJ 'j~~18[;ro ;,."L~c1~ f;~10~T c cn t.;,n.'.:tAC1. 011 t~le ir mi.s stonunt i.I it was ccmp Le ted , }:ome aC'..dr e se , M:'s. J3.;,18S A. wallis, sr , , 11 BigalO'.lstreet, Oarabr idge , :L;:ass.

First I:ie';"lt, Ar"i;ll:U1 F. 382.V8r, pilot, Air servi~e, 9s,th Aero Squac.-r on , For ex."~l'a'GYd.,i,Y'E.ryhero i s.n bl a~1'j,O!l in t~-..e reg-:i.on of Etain~ Fran~e,septGm";:Jsr i5, 1913, L:e"J."t',. S'2;;).i."er~v: ".:;ilhis squadr-on, s tar t.ed 011 a bombingra::,d., The foran t:!.O:D \12.S br-oken up b sc.auae of va:;'.:;'0118tr-oub.Les to the1:-.2ch me s • Lieut. :;e2~;8!') Vfj th his ot.server , 1ieQ~ .. stGkes~ c ont mced 0;.1 a.nd.j0:LYLei a fCt'I:12.~jon of c.ncther bombing squadr-on, After cr os sing the Li.nesL,Gjr plane wa s strti".}: by' an an't:i,3.ircr2.ft exp Los ive 511711, tbro'Ji:ng the",achine out of cl)n~2oL \il1~m Liol.A.t~ Seaver ga i.ned control of tno rracn i.ne itbad. fallen a"\/a);7f'r cm the pr otec han 0f the 0tiler plane s , \7ith the:ir cr tpp ledplane a::d. m~08sillg mo G;Jr they cI)r..::.h:.uea. i;mt~.], th8Y haL reached. "tl'loir cb j ec t rve ,whsn thc-'!ir motcr c.l1.ed c~mT~~lot'31y. A"1 enE.':7({ pla:n8 a t tacked , but Lieut, stokesl:~pt him of£' v::.tj,l .f-ii1 ;:1<,.,:h~.T.acoastcc't to f;h'~ir OW~ 1].:108. Home addr es s ,Char Le s A. S8:JSfyJ)";;"3.-:-h0r? ..:.2 nue D;,Ag(Le::'S83.:l~ rari s , :?rai1ce.

First Lj;:'"lt. Hil:U.s A. D:i.ekelliG..pilot, .A.5orService? 9Ist Aero Squad-ron. For 8x.tra~:r'1~_Y.B.:ryherc r cm ~cr.at: ti;:'~ ::'n "~1:e rsgiol1 of Metz~ FranGe~September 15~ 1918. r;hilG on 2. p:;o~'Jg'..ar,h~c mi ssc.on L~.€u~. Diakema.rs forma-tion was a'L~al)l:Gcl 1.)Y a ,,;,';:fp?~'i~r 'n~:l'r;~),.,,:cof 811e~y a:i.rer8.ft. In the c our se oftt.c oombat ~joeu.+;. D5.8.k61J'}-:,~3 (',Cl1)pJ'l:\0np'ja~,1es rre.re ;:riven ofi. Disrcga,:,dingths fo...-.:t that '11s iT3.(J~~1'~f.' W2,,,, \vj'ch':m-c :9:-0'~(;::.t:i.on~ he ccn ta.nued on his missionun tt L his cbser var , Lis".:,:';, Hanrncnd , had corr,}?1')t'3cl the:: photcgr'apIlS. On thsr e tur-n ti:.ey f0t!gh~ ~h9ir wa;y tlU'ough au enemy pa cr ol. and de a tr-oyed one of themac::5.nas. HO;7.;8 addae s s G.• JO. Di8k~:m3.~ 13~~ YJest T',veH'-ch street, Holland, I,lich.

First Lieu',. :/'loilarcl C. E2.nuonC'" o'D8~rver, Air SerYiGe~11st Ael'oSquacl:ron . Fer 8:-:: ~r'~Cl'rit.nar-y her-o I sra Ln ac t i ori in '\;;.8 reg:j,on of 1\'1etz , France,Seytem'ber :!'~j~ J.9180 rJ'l"l,'.l'.3,ol12. photcgr-cpruc mi sci on ':'..Leut , Ha,Th<1cnd.!s foYm,3.-tion was a t tacked by 2. s'L'Jl8rior numbar cf e1'18111Ypurf.,uit p lane s , l'Jot',7it~lstand-Llf; th..a.tthe e:n2::1Ypl ane s succeeded in. dr ivmg off the protecting pla~leStL:.e"1t. H<'!T!1":lond2.n~ 11::S pi Lc t , Lieu.t. D5.f.ker;-aJ con tLrrued on a l cne, Continuallyhara ss ed ~cy enemy aiTcl'ai"~, tl:ey completed. t:leir pl1otJgraphs, ani on tne re-turn fOU&,:lt t~lCj,::' way thr-ough 2.:1 enemy fatrol and, r~.e5'GroYE:done of the l'l'.a-chines. Ho~e aadre$s, A. B. Hamdond, 2252 B~oa&7aY9 san Francisco, Cal.

:.raj. Johr.. rI. R631Y~olds, Air S:::rYice~ com"'TI.C',nd.~ngofficer, Ls t Ju:myo'ose rva tiol1 grcup. Fo,. e:::";:~ac,:.'dinal'Y heroism in ac t i on in tne region ofVerdun, n,'a:,CJ, oc tober- lO~ J.9113. uaj. Rey,101d8 proceedecl over tile enemyLi ncs .,'li t~10U': b<;n8ii..~ of pr otec tton p tane s 01:"a mission of graat ur gency ,H? fIerI a:>c,u'~ ::,2 k i Lomerer s OV817 the .li.ne s when he was sudden Ly set upon by14 ho s t i La p].p..ne:::, He fo~ght them off a.:ld succeeded in dowru ng one of theenemy, He Go:.-~t:1on'O,8clh i s :ZJight with l11s bad Iy darraged plane and concludedh~.3 mi ss ion , A ol'0nz~ oak 16af foi:' e:::t::.'2.0rd.:Ulal'y heroism in action in t1:ereglon on Grand ?re, F~an~e~ october 29~ 1918. While Oil a mission Maj.:R.eJr,~!c]c.t) '\7a.S 8ud.:le:nly set upon by six E:nr:mlYaiJ.'craft. Al though in the G8l'mant31:T5 tor-y, v;ii;hout :prc'~e'J ~icn and. Ln dange r of being cut off in the rear,he en te r ed in':'o c o.nba.c vr: th .;;h9 hostile a i.r-cr-af t , He aucceeded. in shootingdown t'JO of tIcc ener::yand di.spel'r.il1g the rest of the formation. Iii th his:-:l2.c~J.5"l:e scvcr e Iy 6.ar,~2.gedJ he cont tnued until he had completecl rri s mission,Hor::;eado.ress, l:1:'5 • .J.)h:LlN. Re;}lllOlds, Dor-a Apartn:ents, Twentieth street ar.d:;,;-:i..oridaAvenue, 1;ashi:lgton, D. C.

Fh'st J2iel:t. Ale;canrt.-3r VIE Schel1.ck, p5.lot, Air Service, 49th Aer"o;3quadrOlc. FoJ:' e::-!;Y-Ei.C:rc:U.:r-E::-;Y- her o i.sm in ac t ion in the region of DouLcon ,:r'r2.Y\c.e, octobe:t:' 4, 29l[l, Lieut. Sr:henck was one of an offensive patrol ofsix p Iane s tll2.t attacked an;1, engaged in co-nba t 17 enemy rcach Ine s (Fok}mrtYP8!. \ih:i.le l1l~ was engagi ng one of the enerny, he observed a comr-ade aboutto 08 sent dO\~l by ~n cn0my plane that had maneuvered to an advantageous

-7- O.S.1l40

"

:;;:lOsition. .tieut. Schenck i.mnec.iately left ofl the combat 1J.evras e"l~aseC'~inand S:lO'~c~o':Tnthe plal1eq tller,eby sav.rng t:le life of hi.s corzrade , HOj'.leaddr-e ss , :Mrs. R. R. P2.rlrhu:rstjl mother , 500 Gr2.nt Ave;:me~ :?lainiielel, 1:' J.

First Lieut. stj.rJ.ing OampbeH .Ale::a.nder, pilot, Air Bervicej 99thAero Gquadron. For e:-.trEOl'CU;:leo\ry~le:..~oi3,'Jill ac t i.on in t~i.e :..~e6iol1of 12ndres-ee-s e. Georges, Fr2.noe, oc tobcr 6, IS18. Lieut. i.le:::anc1er, \lith Lieut.Atwa ter , observer on2-,pl;.oto;ra:Jhic mission. 'was iorcGe....back by seven enemypursuit ?laj:les. A fC~l ;~lil1utes later he r'e tur-ned over the lines, aj-:.c1•\'leiledeep in e;:lemy ter:d tory was cut off by 12 enemy p18.l'lsS {Pfals scouts} < Hemaneuver-ed his plans to give bat t.Ie , 8.'10. so effectively iT!a:!1agedtlle j'Jac:lhletIE t he "vi th his observer were able to o.estroy one , and forced t:i1e other sto wi thdra':l. Uith Jlis observer sever-ely vzounded., 11emanaged to bl~ing hispl2.ne safely 02.c1-:to his own cer odr-one, ui til I:!.is missioncOj,l::;l etec1. HOj'fieC1clc1.ress,Mrs. LU0ine EUGhElAle?:anclel~, uot:xr, C::-lestnut Hil19 :p:ilil2.eleIpllia, :Fa.

second Lieut. ~;>a.Yl.k ;K. Hayes~ pilot, Air service, 13th Aer o Squ.2.CL-ron. E'or e~::tra.or6.1.nary her c i.sm in ac tLon Ln t:le region of Ohambl.ey, :B1.'ance,se:;; tcmber 13, 19:!.8. Lieu'~~. Hayes rzas one of an offensive patrol of :fivep Ianes , a t tacked by seven eneny scouts (Fcl'::ker type), that dived C!.01'111 OJ.1.

t:le:il from the c Ioud.s , ca tclring tl:e }';:leric~.l1 pa tr-o I in a d.Lsadvan'tage ouapo s I tiona In the cour-se of tr,e comba'[;whic a f'oLl.owed, both of Lieut. Hayes'smac.itne guns ja.mmed~ By 2.11e::tra.o.rdinary effol't he cleared hd s gtU1S anddrove off the ad'i6rsary. he then observed his flight c~rr~ander in a daYl~eroussitu2.tion vith tva enemy planes behind h~n. He atta0ked and dest~oyed oneand forced the othsr- to withdraw. Ho.ce address, O. L. Hayes, f2.ther, 2000west One hundr-ed and first Place, Chic2.go, Ill.

First J..ient. Harold R. Buclrley, pilot, Air Service, 95th Squadron •.F'or extraordinary he ro Lsn in ac tion neal' }e ..-Le , France, AUGust 10, 1918.Lieut. Buckleyrlas ona patroll)roteG'jing a French biplane observation ma.-chine, when they were'sudu.enly set upon by si:.: enemy pLane s , Lieut. Buclcleyattacked and destroyed t)18 near-e st , a:;1CL.the r emamde r fled into t~leir ownterri tory. He tilen carried onwt th his mias i on un t I I :'18 i1ad escorted thea Ll.Led plane sa.fely to its own aerod:co:1113.A bronze oak leaf t for extz-a-ord.maz-y heroism in ac t.i.on near Neville, ?r2.nce, and, Bourcuilles, France,se:?tember 16,.27, 1918. Lieut. Buokley divecl thr-ough a violent and ile2..VYar-tiaircraft and .rachtne -gun fire and sst on fira avi enemy ba Ll oon tl;.at wasbeing Lower-ed to its nes t , On the naxt day, wili1e leading' a. patrol, lle metand S8Ilt down in fla-mes an enemy plane '.1i1ile it wa.s engaged in reg-lage wor-k,Home aeldress, D2.niel E.. Buc:~J..ey, fatl~er. Feo.eral street~ .Aga\'ian, 1.18.SS.

second Lieu~. valentine Burger, observer, Air Service. For e7.tra-orelinary heroism in action near Hill 560, over the 1'eg5.on of tile breuse, I;'rance,october 27, 1918. Lieut" Bv.rger~ with his pilot, flying at an altitude ofless than 15 meters wi tilin cLo se r ange of numerous machane e,1.L."1.S and lightartillery pieces fired oontinually on t::.£m~ stalced. the American advancedlines and helped. silence enemy machine-gull nests, 'which wer-e holding up ~leadvance of the infantry at this ?oint. Althaugil the plane was riddled witnover 300 bullet holes, and tr..e pilot sever-e'Iy wounded., J..Leut., Burger ga tlleree.valuable and accura te illfOl~n'f'.tjon and assis tecl his pilot to a safe Iand.mgwithin r-each of tlle post of command and delivel'ed his va.luab Le info rmat ion.Eone address, l.riss rcatie Krauss, aun t , 135 Christie Street, Leonia, lifo J.

second Lie'\1t. Fr::l.nk Lu.1:e, Jr., deceased, 27th Aero Squadron, AirService. For e::traordinary heroism in action ne2.r st. Mihiel, France,se)tenber 12 to 15~ !918. Lieut. Luke, by Skill, determination, and bravery,and in t~~ iace of heavy enemy fire, successfully destroyed eight eneuyobserva tion balloons in four days. next of 1dn, Frank LUl;::.e,father, 2200t.e s t ;,;[onroe Street, Phoeni~:~ Ariz.

second ~ieut. otto ~. Benell, S.O. 135th Aero s~uadroll for extra-orc1.inary heroism in cct ion near Thiaucuurt, p-...~a:'i1ce, SeI>tember 12, 1918,Lieut. Benell, went out on a t,-ro-hour counter att3-cl: artillery adjustment

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:position.. .T..ieut. SC}18:nck ii1Inec.iately left of."- the comba-t11evra.s e:i15a,;eC'~inana. S:10':;clo":m the 1)1a11eq tiler,eby sav Ing t:le life of :ilis co.u-ade , HO;'.16addr-e ss , Mrs. R. H. P2,1'1rhursi~ motr.er , 500 Gr2,nt Ave.me , ?l2.ini'ieJ.c"t~1:' J.

First Lieuli. stj.rJ.ing C2.ll1lJbell1J..le;:a.:"1.der,pilot, Air servtce , 99thAero Squadron. Fox' e;".tr2.0l'eJ.L'12,ryher oI s:n in ",ctLon in tile :cef>ionof 1and.res-et-st. Georges, Fr2':::lce,october 6, ISI8. Lieut. Lle:::ancl.er, \lith Lieut.Atwater-, observer on a photoe;ra::;hic mission, 'was forcec;. bacl; by seven enerllYpur sut t J?la:..ies. A fC'.l";linutes later lie retu:c:necLover the lines, anc-:"\"failedeep in e;:le;'I1Yter3.'i tory was cut off by 12 ei.1e;.1Ypl2.i.19s {Pfals scouts}. Hemaneuver-edhi s plane to give bat tiLe 7 o8.:1C'" so ef'fec tively managed tl18 raachi.netbc:t he with his observer were able to o.estroy one, and. forced t}Je othez-sto withd.rar,. \lith :ilis observer severe Iy '.70\.111decl.,11er.1a:i1ageclto bring hispl2.ne safely 02.C}: to his ownaer odr-one~ ~,7ith l:!.ismission co....r.ti eted, Ho;'neaddr ess , lWI's.LU0ine EU.GheA:!.e?:a:l1.clel~,TJ.ot~16r,Cilestnu'c Hill, ?llilaCJ.eIplli2., Ea.

seco~JiI.Lieut. R"~a.11.k;K. Hayes~ pilot, Air SerVice, 13th Aero SquaD.-ron. ?or e:-:traor6.':':naryhero Lsm in ac t i cn Ln tile region of Chambley, 5'rance,se:9tcmber 13, 19:~.8. Lieu'~.. Bayes uas one of an offensive patrol of fivepIanes , a t taclced by seven eneny SOOU1:;s(Fe?'Jeer type), tila t dived dorm 0;'1,

t~lemfrom the cl ouds , ca tchtng tl:e .F..;;1ericZ',llpatrol in 2. o.isad'l7antageousposition. In the course- of tl:e combal.nhicl1 f'oLlowed, bo th of Lieut. H2.yes'smaczdne guns jaInmeCL~ By an eJ:traoFclinar;.' effol't he cleared l'1is guns anddrove off the adv6rsary. Ee then observed his flight c~rr£ander in a da~~eroussituation with ~70 enemy planes behind h~n. He atta0ked aud destLoyed oneand forced. the othsr- to withdraw.' HO;,leaddr-ess , C. L. H2.yes»father, 2000west One hundr-ed 2.:'1dfirst Place, Ch1cago, Ill.

First J..ien't. Harold R. Bu.cl{ley, pilot, Ail. service, 95th Squadron.For e:::tra.ordinary ner-oi sn in action neal' :Fe:;,'le, France, AuS'Ust10, 1918.Lieut. Buckley .was o1'la:patrol prote~J.;ing a. French biplane obser-vat ion n:a.-chine,whenthey were 'sucl.O.enlyset upon by srx enemy planes. Lieut. Buckl.eyattacked and destroyed the near est, andvtne remainder fled into t~leir 0\1n

territory. He ~lencarried on with his ;~ission IDltil :w had escorted theullied plane sa.fely to its ownaercd:co:l1a.A bronze oak let:-f, for e::tra-ordinary heroism in ao tLon near Neville, Fr2.nce, and Bou:rcuilles, France,se:?te:nber 16,.27, 1918. Lieut. Buol:ley dived through a violent and ileavyar..tiaircraft and .rachtne -gun fire and set on fire an enemy be.Il.oon t:cat wasbeing 1o....rer-ed to its nes t , On tl1e naxt day, w:1.ile Leadi.ng a. patrol, ~le metana. serrt down ill flames an enemyplane '.7~lile it was engaged in reglage wor-k,Homeaddr eas , DarueI H.. .:suc:;:ley, father. Pec1.aralBtreet~ Agawan, Hass.

second Lieut. Valentine Burge?, observer, Air Service. Par e2tra-ord.tnary heroism in ac tion near Hill 360, over the 1'eg:i.onof t~le ij:euse, ]iTa,nee,oc tobel' 27, 1918. Lieu t. B1..'!.rgel'~ with hi s pi 10t, flying at an al t i tUd.e ofless than 15 meters within close range of l1wnerousluachine ~~~~sand lightartillery pieces fired continually on t~~em"scaked. the American advancedlii-1es and helpecl silence enemymachana-gun nests, which Y18reholding up weadvance ox the infantry at this :)oint. Although t:'1eplane was riddled ",itllover 300 b'U1let holes, aj:J.dtl'..e pilot sever-ely wounded., Lieut. Burger gat11eredvaluable and accurate illfol'lYC tj on and a~sis ted his pilo t to a safe Land.mgwithin reac~l of the post of commandam'l cleUvered his valuable information.Hone address, niss Katie Krau.ss, aurrt , 135 Christie streett Leonia., J.~. J.

second Lieut. Fr~nk L~~, Jr., deceased, 27th Aero Squadron, AirService. For e~:traOl'dinary heroism in action ne2,r st. Nihiel, France,se)tenber 12 to 15~ ~918. Lieut. Luke, by Skill, determination, and bravery,and In t~:e face of heavy enemy fire, successfully destroyed eight enemyobserva tion balloons in four days. Ne~t of ltin, Frank Luke, fa tnez-, 2200i;;est 1.,lonroestreet, Phoeni:':;1Ariz.

second ~ieut. otto 2. Benell, S.C. 135th Aero squadron for extra-orcUnary heroism in act Ion :near Thiaucuurt, France, SeI>tember 12, 1918,Lieut. Bene11went out on a r.rc-nour countez- a t tael; artillery adjustment

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1111dero(:~dVel'~e vrc.J.th,jr r;o!~diti(;ns. SOOl1 ;ifte~ no eiui orec an accident to hisTight h'lr-rl. '''hich made it uue Le s e , In spite of th::'s :;'njury, h e corrti nuoc (,0oper at.e his 'i"ir!31'.:>8 G 1:9:/ ,-,'ith h i.c loft h'~,d,. dil'ec-~in6 tile fire of tile !l,tteri,',son c or.c errtr-e.td ons oi;;hinci the enemy lines. Homo 2drl.ress: ;'.:r8. },:ary Benoll (m ot he~:)~.T'fn. 1-:0)' 2. F"C. lr-,ox. i u , For"::' C'Jll_~ns) C()lo.

Firut L1. eut , Lloyd G. BO"lver:;;I Air Service, Un.i.t.ed st~",te:J A~"'JljY. i-'orrepeated acts 0 f ex't r-ao r-d.inary hezro.i sm in ac ti on ncar Giro!1vi L..e und Chat.e Lche s or-y-:Crance. August 1L1-29 and October 27, l£lB. Cn j~ugust 14 this of f Lcer-' s bal~oonwas ati ecke d by four enemy. chase ma.cp;;nes and , though u:-ged to j unp , he r emai nedcd:. his post and securer' Lnf orrnatd on of great v al.uo , On August 29 he was attackedby enemy pianos uai ng inc;.mdi.ary bu l.l.o t.s , but wou Ld Hot Leave his post, before h i oballoon caught firo; he Lned s t.e d a-'G once upon r-easc end.i ng , 2.1though h e krievr thatthe enemy vas co na tacrt Iy >atrolling the air. On oc t.ol.er 2'7, near Chf.:.telchesery,while regulating artille:-y f'Lr e , he was attacked by several enemy pLane s and hisballoon was pe r-f or at ed by incendiary bullets. He r oma.ined in tn e air and carriedout his observation. Fis ext.r-ene courage ~~d devotion to c'uty furnished il

splendid examp La to t.no of f'a oer r and r::en of his COm17WliJd. home addr-e s s , G .li.Boners • father, 1140 South Tl.irteenthStre at, BiniiinghEt'Tl, .h.1a.

, at ed .. .:..}ir.st Lieut.?'.f. J. R. Ta.ylor, 'ldr S'Jrv:'..c8;. U:1itedStates Ar:ny. For 1'e-Pf3Cc J. a.c. t,,,, or. . . ..j.' , t. l +f' . ~ . bI3x"{;raonnnary nero::..sm .111 ac ,10n ncar Ara~an;:;oul' ana llfotlu auc on, France, cop tern e r26, - October 10, ISI8. On Sep-::.em:Jer 26. ':7hile conduc ta.ng an important observation,Lie~~t. Taylor w.is l;\l!ive attacked oyer-may planes. He would not jumP. from hisbsL'Lo on because of the va.LuabLe '.'Jork 'h3 ,,'ciS doinS for the I!lfcmtry, a l th ough hewas at all time's in dan6er: of Lo si ng his life from Lnc end.i.ar-y bullets. OnOctober 3. near EontfHu.::on, Lieut. Tc.Wlor VIas at t.acked , but refused to Leave un-til his ba.Ll.o on c augh '. fire. :.gaj.n, on Oc t.ob ar 6, l:e was attacked and f or ced d ownin his parachut8. On October 10, while he was conduc~in~ an important observation,an enemy patrol hover ed over his balloon; he r-e f us sd to jump until at t acked atcLos e quar t sr-s , nis heroic devotion to duty ';fa:; an Llspiration to the of ficersand men o f his company , Home address, 1':. R • '1'ay101', is.tiler, 13 Pr-i ncd street.Rochester. n. Y.

Pirst Lieut. P2.ul N. A. Rooney, 1-.1.1' Send.ee, Uni t eo states Army , Forr epeat ed G,cfs 0'1' extr<.l.ordim,ry heroism, in ac ti on near An~t2.uville and Ge rmonv i Ll.e ,l'raucB, July 22, and Se:'1tember 26, 1918. On july 22, near Anstauville. Lt eut ,Rooney ... vi th Lieut. Feri'uuba.ch, rra s concuc t.t ng an :;'mpurtant ob aer-vatd on , At an51 ti tude of 800 mot er s ~le was several -time s attacked oy enemy planes but refusedto .lect.vtJ his post until his balloon was set af i r e , and only then after he had .ae en tta!; his compani on had safely jumped. 1"Ttile de ac end i.ng his parachute wanr.Im os't hit by the falling balloon. He insisted upon re.t.ur-ndng to his post, a zd'was in the air again as soon &.S anoche r ba Ll.oon could be inflated. Cn Septe~1bor26. while ad j us ti ng artillery f Lr e , his balloon was attacked. by three enemy planes(Fokker type). A~jnr~i'1Emt peril to his life he- stuck to his po st u:1ti,l one planedived d i.r ecc Iy at him. Lieut. Ro oney would not Le ave th<l ba sk-st urrt i.L his c onpan-ion, Lieut. l\font;omery,had j umped vt.o safety. Horne adel:-esB. I,:rs. 1fJ.Ji. Rooney)wather, 14 Paris street, 2ast Boston, Mass.

First Li.e ut , ferry If. Al.dr i ch , cee eas ed , Air service, observer, l35thAero Squ?l.dron. fer d'xtraordil:ary heroism in action near St. rhhiel, France,Cc~~obcr 29, lS18. Lie'.lt. z.Ldr i ch , observer, .."ith Firat Lieut. E. C. Lande'n ,volunteered ana. "'ent on an i!"Clporta:'1t rm s ai on for the corps c ommander- without theusual prutectiun. 70rted to fly at an altitude of 1,000 meters bSc~use of poorvisibili 1,y, soon 'after cr-o s ai ns; t.il.3 .lines they encountered an enemy r umpLer- p 19.11e<'.:1ct forced it to tL<3 gr-ou.id • On returning 'c'hey attacked another rumpler and droveit off. ,.:.fter cor-p Let i ng their ra.i s sd on and seeing an enemy observation t01:'3r onLar e Lachau ss ee r they reentered enemy terri tor:r and fired upon it. Imm edd at e Lya t tacke d by Seven enemy p Ianes (Fokker type). A combat f oLl.owed in which Lieut.l\.dlrich vras mort::Llly wounded. l',1ext of k.i n , Rev. Leo nard A.ldrich, father,Kss.ex Junc tacn, V-:..

};aj. Lewi e H. Brereton, pilot, cor t s ohservation wing.ror ext.r aor-dknar-yher o.ism in ac ti ou over ThiaucC'1...:.rt, Fr an ce . l.~aj. Brereton, to~~e-'':'f.er"'ith 2..nobrerver , volUllta.rily: ,:r:d pur suarrt to a r eque st .for special mission, left his

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under (.-.dVel'3e vro.J.th'jr c or.d.i.ba cns , Soor; ~:tfte;--no sufi"'err]d an accident to his':oight hand , '''hieD made it une Les s , In spd te of t.hl s ::'njury, h e corrt inucd (,0

oper-at.o his. ;'.'ir'31'.:>8s key \'rith hie loft h:::..;,d,. clil'ec-~in6 the fire of the u<tterie:son c or.cen t.r atd c.ns b,;hinci the enemy lines. Hom s ?dri.ress: l'.:r8. r',~ary Benell (m ct nep~.T"'fn. io , 2) P ..C. 1--)OX. ill) Fo:r--t. C:-Jll.~ns, Cello.

Firut Lieut. Lloyd G. Povmn,; Air Service, Uru ted str.'.tes A~lfjY. I,'orrepeated acts of ext.r-ao rda nary herr oi em in ac i.i.on ncar GironviL.e und CherteLche s er-y"'rance, AUGust 14-29 and October 27, 1£18. en /.ugus t 14 this of f i.cer-' s ba.Ll.oonwas att ecked by four enemy. chas-e m'O_ep-;nesand , ihou[;h u:-ged to j\.1lTIP,he r emai.neda.t his post arid ae cur-er' Lnf ormatd on Of great V::lU3, On August 29 he vie» attackedby enemy p Lano s us i ng :..nc;.mdi.ar:' bul.Lo t e , but wou Ld Hot Le ave his post, beforo hi.oballoon caught firo; no Lnai st eo at Oi1C9 upon r-ea sc endi.ng , i:'lttough he knew thatthe Gn8nJYvas co ns terrt.Ly >atrolling the air. On Octoter 2'7, near ChE:.telchesery,while regulating artil.1.8::-Y f'Lr e , he was attacked by several enemy planes and hisba l l.o on was per-i or at.ed by incendiary bu Ll.et s . Herer-;ained in tn e air ",nd carriedout his observation. Fis ext.r ene cour?-ge ~~d devotion to c'ut] furnished asplendid examp Le to tnc officerc and men of h.i c COD1J.'Tli:U!1d. Home addr es s , G.l',i.Bower s , father, 1140 South TLirteenth street, Einiiinsham, Ala.

'. at d ' .:-.Fir.st Lieut. -\'!. 1. R. Ta.ylor, .hir S"'rv:.ce; U;1it8~Sta'ces Ar;ny. For re-Pj3q o. ac (,b or. . . .... , t' ~ tf F . ~ . b/3x"traorEllnar~r nero:.sm U1 ec ,10n near rv'a~an;:;O\ll' ana !,fOil auc on, r-anc e , oep'tem '~)r26 - Oc tocer la, IS18. On Sep-::;em;jer 26, ~vhile c onduc td ng an amp or-tarrt observation,Li.eut , Taylor wa.s tv'L.,;e at tucke c 'oy enemy planes. He wo uLd not jump_ from hisbe.Ll oon becaus e of the va.Luab Le work 'ri3 ,;is doi ns; for the Ln f an tr-y , a Lt.hough hewas at all time's in dange r of Lo ai ng his life from incend5ar:! bullets. OnOctober 3, near EontfHu~on, Lieut. T2cylor was at tacked , but refused to leave un-til his ba.Ll.o on c augh t fire. /.g ai.n, on Octobor 6, l;e was attacked and forced d ownin tis parachuto. On October 10, whi~e he was conduc~in3 an important observation,en enemy patrol hover ed over his ba Ll.oon ; he refused to jump until attacked atclose quar t er-s , fiis heroic devotion to dirty 'n.:> an Llspiration to the o f ii.cer-eand men o f his company. Home address, ''T. R. Taylo11, f'at.ner , 13 Prince: street,Rochester,il. Y.

Pirs1; Lieut. P2.Ul N. A. Rocney , i,ir Sendee, Uni t ed states Army , Forr epeat ed G.ofs 61' ext.r-acr-d i.nar-y heroism, in ac t i on near Anst2_uville and Gerr.1Qnville,!'raUCB, July 22, and S8)tember 2o, 1918. On Ju.ly 22, near Ans t auvi.Ll.e , Lieut.Rooney, "Iith Lieut. Fer.'unbacl:, '."[1.S conduc t l ng an impurtant ob servation. At and ti tude of 800 routers ile was several -Gimes at t acked oy enemy pLane s but refusedto )edve his post until his ballocn was set afire, End only then after he had 'se en t.r.at his comparu on had saf ely jumped. r:rtiJ.e de ccend ing his parachute waseIm ost hit by tbe falling balloon. He insisted. UpOl1 r et urrrl ng to his post) a zdwas in the air again as soon F,S ano-ther- balloon could be inflated. On Septe~loor26, while adjusting artillery f Lr e , his balloon was attacked by three enemy planes(Fokkcr type). A-:;fur!!tbent peril to his life he stuck to his post u:1:ti,l one planedived di.r-ecc Iy at him. 1i eut. Hooray would no t Leave t.he ba sks t urrt i L his conpan-I on , Lieut. rlont;omery, had jumped -t o safety. Ho.ne oadd:"eSB, tIrs.1rJ.J. Rooney,~other, 14 Paris street, ~ast Boston, Mass.

First Lreut , ferry H , Aldrich, decoas ed , Air Service, observer, 135thA8ro Sq uadr on , fer ex t raor-dt nary heroism in action near St. lilihiel, France,Cc~:obor 29, lS18. Lieut. z.Ldr i ch , observer. '-lith First Lieut. E. C. Lande'n ,volunteered ana wbnton an .impo r t a-rt mi s ai on for the corps c ommandar- without theusual protectiun. 70rted to fly at an altitude of 1,000 meters bSc~use of poorvi8ioili1,Y) sOCJn'alter c r os s.ins; Cc.113.1ines they encountered an enemy r"...l.TJlplerp Lane<',11(1 forced it to t.l;e gr-ou.id , On returning -c'ney attacked another rumpler and droveit off, _~fter cor-p Let ing their rai s ai.on and seeing an enemy observation tov-er onLal;e Lachau csee p they reentered enemy terri tor:r and fired upon it. Imm~diu.telyat tacked by Seven enemy planes (Fokker type). A combat followed in which Lieut.l\.dlric.;h VTaS mor to.Lly wounded. Next of ki n , Rev. Le onard Aldrich. father,ji~ss.ex J1AllCUOn" vt.

I;aj. Levris H. Brereton, pilot, cor~:s observation wing.?or ex t.r aor d.Lne.ryher-oi sm in ac ti on over 'I'hi auc our t , Fr,U:C8. l,raj. Brereton, to~.zec.:;[,erwith 2.ll

obr erver , voLunt.ar-I l.y , ,-x:d pur-suant to a r-eque st Lor opeci a.L mission) left his.~.,

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ad r-dr-orue , cr-os s ed the enemy lines over LJironv~.J..le~ and I"'roceeded to 'I'h i.aucour-t ,In spite of peor vlt.ibili ty I which forced tn en to fly at a veL'Y low a.Lti tude,ana in spite of Lrrt en se n.nd ac cur at e arrt i ai.r-cr-af t, fire '~hey :claintained theirf"li'7,Lt along ~vl18ir course. <1"C ol.t aa ned vaLuab Le Lnf orma't i on , Over Thiaucourt.they were surlcieYllyattac:~ed by f our :memY' monop Lane F'o .cker s , Vane;.tveri'ng' hismacui.ne s,o t:-.at h.i a oos er vez- could oot.a.i n a good field of fire. he entered intocomoat , His observer's buns bec oraing j emmed, he 1.~'ittdrc1,-V until the jwn wascleared. 1"r<.3nhe returned to the ccanat , Hi.s 0 bs or-ver t~ler, be carr.ing wounded ,he c ooLy made a Lanc i ng within friendly lines, although f'o Ll owed down by theenemy to within 25 meters of, the ground. By this act he made hims'1lf an in-.spiration and example to all the member-s of his command , hone address, l.ir s ,Lewis H. Brereton, wife, Ontario .spar-tment s , 1:~ashingtol'i, D. C.

Second Lieut. Palton B. Teneyck. Jr •., Air Service, pilot, 96th AeroSquadron. For ex tr-acr-di.nary heroism in action near birquenay. France, Gctob.er 27,lS18. vrhile enga,;ed on a voluntary bombing mas ai on, Lieut. T'eneyck was attackedby seven enemy planes (Foki-cer type). Although seriously 'rounded, he maneuveredhis plane so .~skilfully that his observer was able to drive off the enemy pLanea ,In the combat his plane was struck by 25 enemy bullets. some of which explodedthe magaz i ne s of the observer' s.suns. In spite of his 'wounds and t.he damage tohie m~chine he succeeded in landing safely on a stran6e field, Home address,Walton B. 'I'cney ck , f a thor-, 91-Hodne:r S-~reat, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Secone Lieut. Elmore K. McKay. Air Service, observer, 96th AeroSqlJ~dron. For extraordinary heroism in action ne e.r Dun-Sur-Meuse, France,October 23. 1918. Lieut. FcK<l.Y, ni.!th First Li eut , harry o. N;cDouC;all. pilot,while on a \::.\om1)in,'5ma s sx on displayed exceptional cour-age by leaving a compara-tively S"lCU1'eposition in the center of the f orraat.Lon during a combat with fiveenemy pLane s and going '~o the protection of two ot ner- officers who se planeshad been d.i aab Led and f or'ced out of the formation. While h1S pilot Ekilfully~aneuvered ~te macr.ine; LiB~t. ~cKay shot down one of the ad~ersaries and foughtoff .the ot.he r s , thereby saving the lives of the officers in ti18 disabled Americanp l ans., Home. address, James D. i,,[cKayI f at her, "81.7 Eleventh street. NE., .~:'.'ushington , D.C.

First Lieut. l-;arry O. M'Dougall, Air Service, pilot, 96tr", Aero Squadron.For e1Gtraordinaryr.eroism in action near Dun-Sur-Ijeuse , France. October 23, 1918.Lieut .;',~cDougall, v,'ith Second Lieut. ~lmer 1IcKay, observer. whi Le on a bombingmission, displayed exceptional ~ourage by leawing a comparatively secure positionin t.he center of the fo rmat i.on during a ccrno c -,t '-ri t:-. five enemy pLanes and goingto tho protection of two osher- of f.i cer-s ....1:0S6 planes h ad been d.is ab Led andr or ced out of the formation. Lieut. McDougall ii3~ ilfully maneuvered hd a.mach.i.neso 8.S to enable Lieut. McKay to shoot down one of the adversaries and fight offthe others, Home address, D. C . McDoug&ll. father, 132 South Paye a Street,Pocatello, Idaho.

Lieut. Kingman Douglass, l~ir Ser vi.ce , pilot gIst i1.ero Squadron. FOD

extraordinary heroism in action near Longuy on , Oct.obe r 31, 1918. Vrhi1e on apho t cgr-aph i c ~is sion Lieut. ;Jouglass enc ourrt er ed ;J. supez-Lor number of e nemypursui t p Lane a , Notvri thstandin;s t:,e odds agaa nat him. he turned and dived onthe hostile formation) destroying one pLane 2nd damaging another. He tr.er.continued on his rr.i s s.i.ori and returned photographs of e;reat military value.Home addr-e s s , l~:.,A. f.ou;;lass, 317 Nor-th Ke:milworth Avenue, Oak Park. Ill.

First Lieut. Ora R. McI\;urr7, Am er-acan Expeditionary I'or ce s , 4:;Jth1,31'0 Squad:-on. For extraordinary haroism in action ne ar Ormagne , France.O~to~er 4, 1918. Lieut. mcUurry was a member of upatrol of 7 machinet which:,:,ttacy.ed 17 enemy Fokkers, After shooting down one of the enemy. thi~ pfiicerreturned to the fight and shot down ano the r i l.ome address, I.!rs. J .C.EcMurry~mothe r , Evansvi lle, Viis ,

First Li out. Lewis C. Plush I Ii.ir Service. 4~th 1\.e1'0 Squadron. Forext ruo rdd nary heroism in action near Romagrie , France, October 4. 1918. Lieut.FLush w as 2~ member of a patrol of 7 machir.es which attacked 17 enemy F'okker a .After shooting dovrn one of the enemy I this of ficer returned to the fig:1t andshot dcvn ano tr.e r . Eorne address, 1;"iLli ern Plush. tatLer, 446 East PhillipsBoulevard, Pomona, Cal.

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Capt. '''lalter R. La uson , Au' SE:H'Vl.CB,ot,server, 91st liera Squadron.Fer r epe.at cd a ct e 01 extraordinary he r ci sm in action r.eur sr . I<ihiel. Fr-ane e ,Juliy'30 a'ndS81itember 13, 1'::;18. This officer sh owed rar,e courage on a r e-c onna.i s sance f ar over t.r.e e.ien.y lines, wnen he continued on his !:lissioll afterb;eiilg ser-i ous Ly \'rOLl!1de0oy arrt i ai r-or-aft, I'Lr e , On SG~,tei;Jv31'13, r.LthotL)] he Wf:.Sstill conv~18scl.n~ ~ro~ nis wQund, he volunts3red for a par~icularly das~erousmis :'ion r equa r i ng a .fliiht 01 75 ki.Lornet er-s withiu tr.e enemy lines. feCciuse ofweather co nd.i 'ti on.s' he Wd.S forced to ~ly at a Llcwbero\.H:;ly10Vl' altitude and V,1;J.S

repeb.tedly f~.r-ed on b:r <i':1tiu.ircraft and machine guns, He suc ceao tul Iy accom-plished his rm sai on .<Arid r e t urn ed 'ifit~l Irapor tarrt information. home addr e ss ,Ers. W. R. Lassvn, wife, Binninghum, Ala.

FirstLiel~t. I!arvey Conover, Air Service. pi.Lo t , 3d Obser vat.I on group.Deceased. For extraordinary heroism in action r.o~r Consenvoye, France,October 27, 1918~ FlyinS at a~l altitude 0: Les s t.nan 50 meters over enemyarti llery and machine guns, vrhich wer e c ons tant.Iy firing on him, Lieut. Concv9rand his observer staked the .Arneric8.n front Li ne s and gaye Valuable informationand as ai.s t.anc e to the adve nci ng Lnf ant.r v • Al t.h ough cuf f er i.ng from two s ever-ewound's, and with a s er-i our Iy d ar..aged pLar.e , he delivered a harassing fire, onsix -em::mymachine-gun ne st a wh i ch wer-e chec ki ng the advance of the grou,ld t.r oo •.••'and successfully drove off the cr9WS of four Guns and silenced the other two.Be then made a safe Landing and forwarded his Lnf orrnatd on to civisio:rl hear: ..quar t.er-s before seeking medical aid. Home address, L. P. Conover, father,!-lincdale, 111.

First Lieut. Benjamin P. Harwood, Fj.eld Artillery, Air Service •. Forextraordinary heroism in action near Che,teau-~hi0rry, France, July 5, 1918.Lieut. Harwood volunteered with another pLane to protect a photograph plane.In the course of their mi s si on theY' were at t ac kec by seven enemy planes (Fokkertype). Lieut. Harwood accepted the CO,,10a.t 2,,,6 kept the e nemy engac;ed wh.i.Le thephotographic plane completed :iJ.ts mis si.on . E:..S .;UI13 j anm ed and he himself W:iS

seriously wounde d , Aftel"ski~fUlly. clearing his 6uns , with his plane badlydamaged , he fought off the hostile planes and enabled the photographic plane.to return to 0'';'1' lines with valuable Lnf'o rn a't ion , home address, E. N. Harwor.",father,. Billings,Mon~. .

First Lieut. Winfred C.~lacBrayne, Field .l\:rtil+ery, observer, AirService. For extraordinary heroism in action near Fdsrnes, France, August 20,1918. While he was conducting an aerial r econnud s s ance and general s ur ve i Ll,afrom his balloon, Lieut. MacBrayne w~s repeatedly at tacked by hostile aeropl",.',", ..and continued his mission despite the p r oxi.mi ty of strong enemy air patrolsagainst which he had no defense. When an enemy Fokker- ener ged from Low-h.angi.n-;clouds, firing at .th e balloon with inc~ndi"'-~'::"'.l .et s , Lieut. L'acBrayne re-mained in the basket until his comparri cn , V/}:O ''1--;.' ;.. 2king his first ascension,had safely j urnp-ed, He leaped when the ba Ll oon ":i~S r.ae.r ez- t.no r;rour.d and hisparachute opened as he crossed into the w cods , Lieut. EacF,r,",yne insistedupon reascending immediately, thereby d.i sp Lay i.ng conspf cuous co ol ne s s anddetermination. Home addr-e s s , Mrs. Marguerite V'. L:acBrayne, wire, 400 EastMerrimac Street, Lovrell, Mass.

First Lieut. Leo C. Ferrenbach, Air Service. For ext.raor d.inaryr.er odsm in action near Ansauville, France, July 22, 1918. Li.eu.t , Ferrenbach, .a bu.l Loon observer, was conducting an important sur ve i Ll.anc e of iri s sector vrLe::;at an u.ltitude of 800 meters successive attacks were made upon the balloon 0;'enemy p Lane s , Thi s officer refused to leave Lis post and continued hi s ,.rcd:wi th strong enemy pat.r oLs hovering above him until one of tl:.e hostile rnac.u nesdi ve« and set fire to the balloon. After he 112,6 jumped in Li u jJur,achu-;;e" t;H;burning balloon fell and barely missed him , Lieut. Fer::'el1bacl~ il',,:!ediately re-as ccnd ed while enemy patrols wer-e still in the vicinity. Home ao cr-e s s , Edwar'd J,Ferrenbach, f'a'the r , 5441 Bartmer Avenue, St. Louis, Eo.

First Lieut. J. A. Higgs, Air Ser v.ice , For i-eoeat ec cLCts of ex.:~ra-ordinary heroi~ in action near Pont.,a-Eoussoi1, F'rano e , July 31 and Augus t ;~l,1918, near Gesn es, Fr i.l1Ce, October 29, 1918. 0.'1 JU.Ly :31, near Pont-a-!',:oUSSOi.,Li.eut , Higgs was car-ry i ng on a general surveillance of tis s ect or f r-ornhis b<l.l-loon ,vi t~'1 a French soldier, when an enemy pLane eli ved from a cloud and ot-'onod

( ()',.' . 051140

fire on the ba.LLoon , III Lmrm.ncrrt danger he r-emai ned in ba s xet until he hadhelped his French comr-ade, after whom he nam ae Lf j isr-ped , On Augus t 21, in thesane sector. Lieut. Eiggs was per-Iormi ng ien important ma sea on regulatin.:; , .ar t i Ll e....Y fire. Znemy planes att8cked.':..nd v,:ith 6rea.t g'ill<.li~try Lieut. Higgsr en.aa ned in thf; ba ske t until his assd at arrt had jumped. On October 29. nearGOSl1'3S) Lieu t , Hl.~6~Ji,VJ.S coriductin6 CL r~g1ctbt-:~ Lr orn the. basket .';.~itL a stud entobserver. Attacked by enemy planes, after his ba.Ll oon W<...S bur ai.ng , Lieut. Hi,s~;swou Ld not quit his post until he 'haC assisteC: his companion to e ac ape , In eacl;of the foregoing Lns tance s , Lieut. Higgs at once reascended in a ne";7balloon.Home addr-e s s , roJ,rs. J'ernes A. !1igss. wife. Lathrop. Pd ckens County, Ala.

Second Liaut .Cleve,land OJ. fjicDennott. Air Service. 1~7 Aero Squad r-ou ,For ext raor-ci.nary her oi ern Ln action near Bantheville, Fra.nce, October 18. 1918.1;1 starting on a. patrol mission Lieut. FcDermott w as delayed .by motor irouble ~Unable to overtake the ether machines, he continued on alone. Si;:;hting an ener:::yFokker, he Lmned~~tely gave chase, rulC despite its e:fort to' escape,' succeedeoin ahoot mg it down. Six F'ohkers then SUddenly at.t a cked him, and ti10ubh 11ewas outnumbered and blinded 'Jy -:,he sun, he shot down one of them and scat.t er edthe others. In -'"he midst of this combat his motor stopped, and he was forcedto glide into friendly terri 'tory. Home address. JO~1n ~vTcDermott. father. 209Jackson street. Syracuse, N. Y. '

First Li eut , Cleo J. Ross. deceased. Air Service, for extraordinuryhe r oLsm in action near Br.aban t , France, SeptemlJ:er 26 I 1918. Lieut. Rose wasengaged in an important. observation, regulating artillery fire, when his be.I Lcor.was attacked by enemy p l ane s , One of t.he planes dived from a cloud and fired atthe balloon, setting f i.rs to it. and a.lthough he could' have j umped f r-or; thebasket at once he refuseJ to leave unt.a L his c ornpam on , a student observer. hadjumped. Lieut. Ross then Leap ed , but it was teo late, for the b ur-rn ng balloondropped on his parachute. He W2..S dasbed to t:--,e ground from a height of 300meters and killed instantly. Next of kin. E. 1'. Ross. father. Titusville, Fa.

First Lieut. Ralph O'I'ieill: Air Service, pilot. 147th 11.8rO .squadron,fur the f'o Ll.owi.ng act of extraorClinarY'herolsIn in action near, Fresr,'3o. France,July 2-!, 1918. A broms oak led is awar-ded to Lieut. O'Neill. to be worn onthe disting'..li shed service C1'03 s awarded to him October 1';;. iS18; Li eu t , 0' l,;eill.with four ether pilotsi_ engaged 12 enemy planes 'd,iscov.erec. hidL:g :.n the sur .•Leading the, way to an advantageous posi ti,on 9Y a series of bold and skillfulmaneuvers. Lieut. O'Neill shot down the leader of tLe hos td.Le formation. Theother German planes then closed in on him. but he climbed to a position ofvantage above them and returned to the fi6ht and drove down another plane. In

'"~his enc currte r he not only defeated h.i s oppo nenc s in spite of overwhelming oddcagainst him, but, also enabled the r ec onnaa s sanc e pia ne to carryon i t s wor-kunno Lest ed , Home addres s , Mt's. R. L. O'Neill. mct her-, 218 So noi,ta Street.NOiSales. Ariz.

First Lieut. Robert p. Ellio~t. Air ServicG. pilo~. £6tj, AeroSquadron. For extraordinary he r-oi.sm in action ne ar 02..izy. Fr anc e , October 27.1918. Lieut. Elliott flew in'a f' ormatd on ove'r -'"he enemy's Li.nus on <.:. bombingexp ed i tLon , Attar:ked by a greatly super-Lor numb er of en eny pur-s-ri t plane.'>. h i saileron corrt r oLs SOOl1 shot awb.Y, Li eut , ';;;l.liott continued to lJilot hi s ma ch.ineand give pr-ot ect ion to 'his comrades. When his observer waa s er-i.ous Ly wounde d ,Li eirt , Elliott left the formation at great risk to hrrr.se Lf , and ,vi th a d.i sab Ladmachine made a safe Lancdng , Home addr e s s , J. lA. ~lliott. fe.t he r , First NationalBank, Los Angeles, Cal.

First Lieut. Elmer Pencell, 120th Infantry, Air Servic~. observer.168th Aero Squadron. For extraordinary he r-oi sm i:l action l-Lov~mber~, 1918 • Ascb s er-ve r in D. H. 4 plane. Lieut. Pendell 1'1e".'!an IDfa"try cont.ac t rnacha ne overthe line of the' 7th Division Novembel' 4, 1918. Bec aus e of exceedingly adver-se

1rr~atl'.er conditions, Lieut. Pend e Ll, di sr egar-de d the dange r 0 f fire from theground and crossed the lines at 1.000 feet e.Lti tude. 'Nhile -thus f lyin?, hewas wounded in the sh ou Id er by an explosive bullet 'firGc': from the g:'oU!1d. Dis-reg,arding his wound , he C2Jne down to an a Lt i.tud e as ~_ow 8..S 500 f013t. "Stersecuring the deai.r-ed Lnf ormat i on h e Vlc'otc out l-~is mecsage ~,'!ith sre~t,'3ffort <':.nc1dropped it to the di vi sd on , lornc ad dr os s , George C. Fend eLt , [2t:':er. '::;aribou. :"~:,

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l\t a mee t i ng of the Board of Cmtr-ol of t.h e hir Service Clubs h.3sod.a ...tion held st ~}le Army nndI,;"~v:r Club, '::'hur'sd:.,y ev erri 1'\,;,' uec8Gber26; 2. monthlyr .. ~':0.zin2, t o to::: k novn ~.S thf.l "U.S. All' S8rvico", 1;1[S icuttor:ized, and the Editor-in-Chief Captain Eal"l 1';. Findley was instructed to arrange for thE.: pub Li c atd onof the first issue on or about Feb ruar y Lst , 1919.

IAn official Association insignia ~as selected for Uce on stationery;

~nd as a badge of membership. It comprises a pair bf Gonventional wings and apropeller similar to the officers' colia~ insignia, ~XC9pt that ~he propeller isP laced horizontally a cove the wings,' and that the tips of the wings curve upwar-d,Pe Low the wi.ngs , and par-trLy covering than, is a shield bearing the letters"A.S.C.A.lI• The inei6nia is the design of J ,E. Caldwell & Co., of Philadelphia,'wh o wi Ll, rc anuf ac tur e the badges of the Association exclusively.

PJTIongt.he cornnritliees appointed VIas OBB to consider wh;"t ac td vi ties theAssociation could take up in connection with the preservation a~d pe~,ancnt re-cording of a er-onautd ca L achievements. Cols. Arnold, Crabt-ree ar.d Lt. Col. Castle~ere appointed on this committee.

A smoker in honor of General Kenly and Col. Arnold and several of ther e t urned officers from over seas, is sched uLed to be heLd at the Army and l,r,wyClub cn U:.e eve rri ng of Jan. 1, 1919. A brief entertair.:nent of mus i c and movi ngpictures is p Lanne d in addition to t ra t.al.k s of the. Pilots ",,1,0 have just go t t enbuck from the front. The c ommit t.e e in charge is Col. Gillmore,. CoL 'Woods,.Lt. Col. Ca.stle, Lieut. Benhar-, end Lt. Butman.

Tte followin~ officers were present; col. E.F. Davis, Col. H.H. Arnold,Col. 1:.E.Gillrnore, Col. G. H. Crab:t:ree, Col. A.L~ Fuller, Lt. Col. 3.F.Cc:.stle,C:o.pt • .3:Clrl 1'i. Findloy,:\ct. S3CY., Lieut. C. H. Butman, Act. Asst.Secretary, CaptainHorace GreGn, and Lieu-t. RI-. F. I3e.nJiarn .•

FOUR ACES PETURN

Four Ame r ican pilots have recently r et.unne d to t:1i S c ourrt ry from over-seas, all unofficially rated as "Aces".

Li eu't , Col. 1Jm. Thaw, of f-'ittsburg, ~(aj. G. J. Bi.ddLe , of Ph i Ludal.phd a ," and ca::.:>tains 3dsar Tobin, of San Antonio, and Re.y Brie-ger.,an of Lake Forest, Ills.

arri ved a.~ iJnerican p-orts last week and wer e granted leave' for a few days.

~t is understood that ttree ot l.e r "Aces", Campbell, Rickenbacker and!-f:eissner wer s ordered Lome, but recent reports indicate that Captains Richenbackerand !::eiss.ner ';jent into Germany with their Asro Squadrons.

prOTO S ECTI OlJ

t;uring the we ek the j-ho t ogr aph i c Branch of t.n e Training Section reportedt!:~t a mo s ai c containing :;',200 prints had been c ompLe't.ed of Fcrt Sill. The rrh oLe~li..;.Pmeasures eight by 16 fee-G. Mosaic maps of Venice wer-e recently r e ce i.ve d fran:he J.t~lian ::ission.

'There we r e on Dec. 21, a total of 482 cadets atte.nding the photogr.o..l.J1ics cn ooLu at (;0:-ne11 and Rocr.erteY'.

OS1140

F,E?ORT OF NrtVY CONSTRUCTION

Dliring th~ f i.scu), y oar ond ed J une 30, lS13/ t.l.e expansion of theEur e au of Ccn st r-uc'ta.on and Repair kept pace vii th the general naval expansionincident to the war, . says tLe annua.l, report 0 f the chief of bureau to theSecreta~y of the Navy.

AIRCRAFT DIVISIpN

No part of the bu~eau has expanded more rapidly during the year thanthe Aircraft Division. In view of the comparatively few engineers in thecountry with experience in aer-o natrtd ca.L design and production, the' o rg aru zatdonand expansion of the l1.ircraft Division has been a heavy strain upon the fewofficers of the Construction Curps wi th experience along these lines at the t~eof the outbr-eak of t he war , The bureau has been successful, however , in obtain-ing for its Ai~craft Division a number of experts whose experience in aircraftdesign and construction dated from th~ ~ioneer days of the art.

Satisfactory types of tY"aining seaplanes had been developed before thewar and tLeir pro duc t.r on has been continued without serious dif f'Lcu Lty. Th8 rateo f p r oduc t.i on was adequate by the 1st of january, and the f Ly i ng schools nowhave a surp Lus of t:,r.'l.in::.ng s e ap Lane s , '!lith a reserve stock in storage.

While production has been concentrated upon standa~dlz~d types ofs eap Lane s , much de.si gn and development work has been undertaken, 'th e nature ofwhich it is not proper to disc~ss at this time.

The aircraft acti vi ties of the' bureau have by no means been restrictedto seaplanes. During t.he past year the use. of the ki t e balloon in connectionwith vessels has increased, and there has de-/eloped a demand for it in Ourservice. Since' thi'stype of aircraft had never been developed in thi s country, asui 'tab Le foreign type was imported and copied. 'I'h i e. ha s been put into quantityproduction, and the supply is now in excess of the cemand.

PRODUCTION

At t.he outbreak of the war but few concerns in thi s country wer-e en-gaged in aircraft alnd motor construction, and. illere W:lS great difficulty and somedelay in obtainin;; production from the expanded concerns and tIle new concerns withwhom it was necessary to p Lac e orders ',_ Through the Aircraft Board certain con-cerns were de s i gnated to wor k 'exclusively for the Navy and others to work partlyfor the NaV'J, their r emaa ni ng f ac I Li,ties being devoted to Army work. Attemptswere made to encourage these manuf acturers in every r sa so nab Le way, and theirefforts toward production have finally be3n successful. Delays occurred due tovarious caus e s , such as lack '0 f plans, difficulties in obtaining material, anddif:ficul ties of organi zation and op er-at i.ou of tile aircraft companies t.hem se l vestwhich couid hardly be avoided ~her. undertaking large expansions under thecond~t~ons existing, durinG the Jear.

In June, 1917) in view of the fact that the aircraft manufacturingc~pacity of tne United states was not sufficient to take care of the country1sneeds, tte ide~ of a nav~ aircraft factory came into being. After preliminaryi'1vosti=sation and recomn,endation of the bureau) the Secretary of the l"Javy on.JUl.y 27, 1917, authorized the construction of the naval aircraft factory in the'ri.'J.vyya-:d., Philadelphia to ce unde r the. ge ner al, direction of the c oinma rrlarrt 0 ft~le ;,avy, yard), but to be oper.ated independently of existing yand departments.

On fJ!arch 27," 1918, the first factory':'built boat' was successfully f'Lown , -ar.c: eurl)rin June, 1918, the full capacity of the original factory was r-eache d ,Pt this ti:'le it -mpLoyed about 2,000 men and women. The authori zed expansionsare now practically completed, multd.p Ly l ng the capacity of the fac tory about fourtimes, and tr.6 numbur of employees, wnen wor ki.ng at full capacity, will be about6,000.

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f ('r'l~- 081140

AIR S:2H.VICEHi '3J..h'TA RCL:~

Somel sixty wounded soLdi ers stationed in Washington wer e made happy1');1 CLrist",D.sby tL3 do na t.Lo ns of the officers .ind employees 0 f the J.r.i .1'.. ,:.nr.Jths ?A.? ~nountin~ to aZlO.68.

Chr.i s tmao mor-rring an i.rmy tn).cl~ Laden wi th sixty v.'ell-stuffed ChrLs tmastockings, and pac kago s of tobacco, books, fruit, C2ilCY, nots paper end a dozen

. ct:-,er t.rri ngs , as well as twanty-fi ve out of tov;r., and mor e or less lonesomezirls drew. up at W::trds 1. 21, 3 {};;4 at Walter Heod Hospital, and Christmas forthe boys confined to their cots be~an in earnest. .

,. _1

This little Chr-Ls tma s par-ty was Dade possible by the activities ofI:~rs. E. R. Boughton, of the Finc:..nce Branch of the D.M.A.) mother of Capt. W.E.B~ughton of Camp McClellan, Mrs. Boughton herself collected the money, and itis int~resting to know that while she only asked for nickels, quarters, halvesar.d even dollars wer-e donated by the tir service for use in thi s wor thy proj e ct ,

Major David McK. Peterson, A.S., A, Junior Military Aviator, andf' ormer-Ly of the 94fuAero Squadr-o n , ,,"vi th a fine record behind him in the Lafayettezscadrille, is one of the most recent Officers to.join the Air Service Clubs';~ssoci2.tion.: Returning from overseas in November,. Major Peterson was detailedin the Trdnin'?; Br-anch of the D.H.A. and was recently transferred to DorrField, as Officer in Charge of Flying. Maj. Peterson's hofuf;j;in Honesdale, Pa ,Ea bas received tha A~erican Distinguished Cross and an O~k neaf, &nd so~aFr~nc~ dacorations'for his service overseas •

.Tlle Board app oi.rrt.ed by the Director of ;.{ili tarv Aeronautics -to worko.~t '-'.Peuc e TinJes Crgc.nization for the Air 3er-"ice has announced its personneland the: f'unc.tdons (If its Sub-BOards to be J.S follows:

BOARDor OF.GA1:IZJ1.TION

C010ne1 C. G. Edgar, Colonel F. H. Kenney, Colonel A. Yioods, IJiajorE. Hubert Lii~hfield, Recorder.,

"

Operating under this Board are the following Sub-Boards:

I!3:'OBILIZATION OF THE DIVISION OF IvlILI'IAFY~ AERONAUTICS.:.-

I-t. CoLoneI George B. Hurrt.er-, Cha'i rman , Lt. Colo:'lel Rush B. Lincoln,Major ~altGr 3eorge Ro~ers.

Colonel William E. Gillmore, Cl-.airman,Colonel Gerald C• Brant,=.,'~. Colonel Thomas Junean, L-c. Colonel Bar ton K. Yount, Lt. Colonel IraLon;2<.neck:::lrI Lt:; Colenel Benj erm.n F. Castle, CG.jJtain John W. Lavic.

~ajor E. nubert Litchfield, Chairman, Lt. J. J. O'Brien.

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Colonel 1Ci lion F. Davis, Cha.izman , Lt , Oo Lo neL John Armstrong Drexel,Colonel Seth "N. Co o k , Hnj 01' 'l>lillirun A. Rober'~sol1, Professor Edward L. Thorn-

:li/.t~ .

INVZNTION AiiD RFS~IRCH

Captain I.delbert Ames, Jr;,. Chairman,Chptain Robert R. McMath,Profes sal' Vlallace C. Sahine.

SUPPLY

Lt. Col. Thomas G. Gallagher, Chairman, Lt. Col. Harold Bennington,:.r3.j. C. S. BentonJ't~r~j. l~falter G. Roger s , ~1aj. Eugene;'E. Deacon) r;;faj. Harold R ..Eyrich, Capt. Jawid R. Wheeler.

E?W3I LI UTI Oi'J

The Officer in Charge .of De:nobilizmtion, announces r:~cently that re-ports- from all Au Service ac't i vi ties sh ow t.lie i oLi owing preferences on thepart of th~ personnel, both cummission~d a~d enlisted:

One- ai.ght.h , r eque st complete eepar-at.i, on from th e Servic e •Three-eighths request to enter the Rec;ul.ar Army..One-half request to enter the Reserve Corps.

AIR SEBVICE DETAC@$NTSOF.m~FED HOrk[~

Fourteen Air Service units of different bra~chesof the service havebeen ~ssig~ed ear~y convoy back to the United states, according to a statementissued by tne Var Department on December ~6.

The 19th, 30th, 23d, 20th, 36th, 35th e.nd 45tfu Balloon Comp.aniesar9 listed to sail for the United states shortly.

Aero Squadrons, numb er 19, lb99, 466, 480,' 481. and 493 have receivadtheir embarKation orders • The 6th company of the 2d Air Service Mechanics re-gicent has also received its convoy assigr~ent.

AVIATORS KILillD IN ACTION

According to a recent c orrmunica't i on from overseas, signed by Lt. Col.G. W. DeArmond, Chief of A~.r Personnel, 150 American Aviators lost their livesit, ac ti on in IS18.

The list includes some forty more names than the number reported in thetot:::.l 'fat~lities S;:OVJn on another page of this issue, but a number of the~f:icers were detailed with the British, French. and Italian Air Forces,J:.:::ordin; to the dates, Capt. James Ely ]\tiller, of the 95ttI Squadron was theti r st aviator of the .American Air Forees proper, to die in actionj he fellor: !rarch 9th, 1918.

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AEPONWTICAI.I SHOWSOf)~

C,.OS1140

.-

Ac c or-o i ng to'a s t a'c eme rrt from the state Department, on Dec8r::.ber20,?resident Hilson authorized oy wireless the revocation of his pr-ocIiamat i onp rohi.b; ling prrvat.e aeroplane exhibi tions in the Ur~ited States and its possass-ions during the war, issued on .Fan, 1, 1918.

Probably the first exhibition to be scheduled since the issuance oftl,is st atmerrt , is the international aeronautical exposition to be held a~I~adison Square Garden, New York from February 27 to March 6, 1919. The ex-position will be cont"olled by the Nanufacturers' Aircraft Aaoociation. ~~or-g arri aat.ion composed of most of the plane and engine manufxturers in theUnited states.

DINNER TO COLONE!.JD'!i:EDS

Col. E. A. Deed3, formerly of the Aircraft Production Board and theBureau of Aircraft Producti0n was tendered a complimentary dinner by his friendsin the Air S3rvice and a n~nbe" of civilians in touch with aircraft production.on December 20. The remarks of the speakers echoed vocally the rising vote ofthanks extended to Colonel Deeds by the assi~bly for his activities as anofflcial charged w~th aircraft production.

He was presented with a be autdf'uLl.y illuminated testimonial, drawnby Felix; Eahoney the 1.'rashin3tonArtist, expres sing the co nfidence of the signersin the official integrity of Colonel Deeds. Among those present werei Asst.Secretary of War Crowell; Cenar aL Squier, Colonel Waldon, Admi:rl.alTaylor,Lt. Col. Horner, Lieut, Ermond, General Cormack British Air Board, and re~presentativesof the other Allied Air Forces. IJr.l;!alcott,and Orville Wrightand Mr .•Po~"t>:rwer-e also present.

AIR SERVICE CLUB EEMBERSHIP

The total membership of the A.S.C.A. now numbers 1125, Colonel. H. H.Arnold being one of the las~ to join. Colonel Arnold, ~ho was AssistantDirector of !-.':ilitaryAeronautics, until he was sent over seas. is a "member ofthe Board of Control of the Association.

The benefits of the Association are numerous. Surely all men whor.ave been pioneers in the development of the Air Service of the United StatesArr:q in t:ne ii'i rst Aeri.alWar-t VIi11 always ';,:untto keep in touch with the pro-gress of aviation even after they retur~ to civil life. Through this organ-iZQtion, i~s publications and social meetings, this can best be accomplisned.

You v:ill have a voice in the future of Pmerican Aviation, for theAssociation is bound to be recognized as official, authoritative and as alast court of jud~nent on matters of the air.