Now let’s view 2 videos to help us understand how enzymes work in our bodies.

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_enzymes_work.html

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter25/animation__enzyme_action_and_the_hydrolysis_of_sucrose.html

What is What is that?that?

I. ENZYMES:

A specialized type of protein

Function in our body: acts like a catalyst = substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but it is not used up in the reaction.

I. ENZYMES: Enzyme(s) reduce activation energy = amount of energy needed to begin a reaction

Coenzyme= an organic molecule associated with the enzyme to help in the reaction.

I. ENZYMES: Need an active site on the enzyme

Active site- attracts and holds only specific molecules called substrates.

o “Lock-and-key” system

I. ENZYMES: Therefore, enzymes enable

molecules called substrates to undergo a chemical change to form new substances, called products.

I. ENZYMES:

Active

Site

I. ENZYMES: Competitive Inhibitors = a

substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.

I. ENZYMES: Could not survive without enzymes!

(almost all chemical reactions in cells require an enzyme)

o Speed up the reactions in:

1. Digestion of food

2. Synthesis of molecules

3. Storage and release of energy

I. ENZYMES: Enzymes are named for the

compound they work on.

You drop the current compound ending and replace it with –ase

I. ENZYMES: For example:

Lactose’s enzyme is lactase

Maltose's enzyme is maltase

Sucrose's enzyme is sucrase

Amylase (in your salvia)is the enzyme for starch

I. ENZYMES: 2 Factors that affect enzymes:

1. Temperature- To high temp. will denature (break apart) enzymes

2. pH

HOW DOES OUR BODY GET ENERGY FROM THE BREAKING DOWN OF

MOLECULES?

Energy is released when a chemical bond is broken!

II. NUCLEIC ACIDS: Complex polymer that stores

information in cells in the form of a code.

 Basic building block: nucleotides, which consist of C, H, O, N, P

• These elements are arranged in 3 groups: nitrogen base, simple sugar, and a phosphate group.

II. NUCLEIC ACIDS:

2 types of nucleic acids:

1. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) contains all the instructions for an organisms development…..AKA genetic information

2. RNA (ribonucleic acid) forms a copy of DNA and is used for protein synthesis (production)