Napoleon was not personally religious He used religion to suit his own purposes He was really an...
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Transcript of Napoleon was not personally religious He used religion to suit his own purposes He was really an...
Napoleon was not personally religious
He used religion to suit his own purposes
He was really an enlightenment thinking rationalist - thought religion was mumbo jumbo
Made peace with the Catholic church becomes it would make people in France happy and make his government more stable
The Concordat of 1801 = peace treaty between the Pope and Napoleon
The Civil Code = the Code Napoleon A new unified set laws for France Maintained the equality of all citizens in the
eyes of the law Religious toleration Abolition of serfdom and feudalism Protection of private property rights Under the law women less equal than men Napoleon’s new set of laws was based on
enlightenment thinking = reason and logic
Creates a powerful centralized system of government
Prefects = local government officials appointed by Napoleon and the central/national govt
Creates a efficient system of taxation and professional system of tax collection
Bureaucracy = government officials and employees - under Napoleon government careers and promotions were based on skills and merit not on social rank or status
Creates a new aristocracy based on skills, expertise, and talent
Used government censorship to maintain his control over people
Used a network of spies and secret police to control and crush his opponents
The Peace of Amiens 1802
1803 - the creation of the Third Coalition against France and Napoleon
Ulm, Austerlitz, Jena, Eylau = major military battles that Napoleon won
Napoleon’s Grand Army defeats all the nations fighting against France except Britain
1. The French Empire = an expanded France
2. Dependent States = countries that Napoleon conquers then directly controls
3. Allied States = countries that Napoleon defeats and then forces them to be allies with France
Napoleon has conquered all of Europe – Britain is the only country left independent
The two major reasons for Napoleon’s defeat and downfall
1. Great Britain
2. Nationalism = people in other countries didn’t want to be ruled by the French they wanted to be ruled by their own people
Epic naval battle – British navy commanded by Lord HoratioNelson destroys the combined French and Spanish fleets
Trafalgar establishes Britain as the greatest naval power on earth for thenext two centuries
1. Napoleon organizes an economic boycott of British goods
2. Continental Europe not allowed to trade with Britain
3. Economic warfare4. Fails! -> Russia
withdraws-> Napoleon plans invasion of Russia
1812 - Napoleon leads 600,000 men in an invasion of Russia
Borodino - the major battle of the Russian campaign
Tsar Alexander I of Russia refuses to surrender or be beaten
Why Napoleon’s invasion of Russia fails -1. Geography = too far 2. Weather = the brutal Russian winter
The Battle of Leipzig = “the Battle of Nations” - Napoleon is beaten by the armies of the 4th Coalition Britain RussiaAustriaPrussia
After this Napoleon is forced to step down as emperor of France and he is sent into exile to the small island of Elba in the Med.
The Bourbon monarchy is restored in France - King Louis XVI’s brother become Louis XVIII
1815 - Napoleon escapes from Elba and returns to France
The Hundred Days = the period between when Napoleon escapes from Elba and when he is again defeated for the final time at the Battle of Waterloo in Belgium
Following Waterloo is sent into a heavily guarded exile to a tiny desolate speck of an island way in the middle of nowhere in South Atlantic OceanDuke of Wellington – British
commander who defeated Napoleon at Waterloo in June 1815
Imprisoned on the island of St. Helena in the middle of the empty South Atlantic
After 6 years of exile and imprisonment the Empereur dies of stomach cancer
Napoleon sur son lit de mort = Napoleon on hisdeath bed