Muhammad, the Prophet Mecca and Medina on the Arabian Peninsula.
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Transcript of Muhammad, the Prophet Mecca and Medina on the Arabian Peninsula.
SECTION 2: ORIGINS AND
BELIEFS
ORIGINS Muhammad, the Prophet Mecca and Medina on the Arabian
Peninsula
BELIEFS AND CUSTOMS Monotheism: Allah (Arabic word for God) Qur’an (Koran): The word of God Five Pillars of Islam Acceptance of Judeo-Christian prophets,
including Moses and Jesus Belief in good & evil Individuals responsible for actions in
their life
MECCA Western Arabia Site of religious pilgrimage
KA’ABA Ancient shrine Center of pilgrimage
RELIGIOUS TRADITION Allah – “god” in Arabic Belief in one god
MUHAMMAD Worked in caravans Became manager for Khadijah and
married her
REVELATION Age 40 Muslims believe that Angel Gabriel said
Muhammad was messenger of Allah
TEACHINGS People who follow Islam are called
Muslims Allah one and only god
FEARS Lead to neglect of Arab gods Mecca would lose trade
HIJRAH Migration of Muhammad from Mecca to
Medina (Yathrib) Muhammad left Mecca & settled in
Medina
LEADERSHIP Political & religious Formed single community and
converted many to Islam Led military
RETURN TO MECCA 630-Muhammad and followers marched
to Mecca Defeated Mecca in war Most Meccans converted to Islam Muhammad died two years later
THE FIVE PILLARSTo be a Muslim, all believers have to carry out five
duties
1. FAITH A declaration of faith that Muslims
recite:“There is no god but Allah & Muhammad is
the messenger of Allah”
2. PRAYER Five times daily Face towards Mecca to pray Mosque – Islamic house of worship
3. ALMS Money for the poor through religious
taxes Responsibility to support the less
fortunate
4. FASTING Ramadan – holy month of Islam Period where nothing is eaten between
sunrise & sunset
5. PILGRIMAGE Hajj Trip to Mecca at least once in life
WAY OF LIFE No pork or alcohol Friday day of worship Worship god directly (minister not
needed)Ulama – religious teachers applying Islam to
daily life
QUR’AN/KORAN Holy book of Islam Muhammad’s revelations collected and
written down Written in Arabic
SHARI'A Islamic law from the Qur'an Regulates all aspects of life Required tolerant treatment of Jews &
Christians
LINKS TO JUDAISM & CHRISTIANITY Abraham – first great prophet, trace
ancestry Moses and Jesus– viewed as prophets Muhammad – the final prophet
GEOGRAPHIC INFLUENCES Diffusion along trade routes from Mecca
and Medina Expansion despite great distances,
desert environments, and mountain barriers
Spread into the Fertile Crescent, Iran, and Central Asia facilitated by weak Byzantine and Persian empires
Write name of Pillar
why
CREATE A CHART On your own paper make a chart with
the headings Islam, Christianity, Judaism Compare the three religions using your
notes
Islam Christianity
Judaism
ON BACK1. Trace your hand.2. On the palm write Five Pillars of Islam3. On each finger write a Pillar