6

LessonNouns and ArticlesNouns and Articles

A. Singular and Plural Nouns

~sactor actorsradio radios

~ieslady ladies

country countries

~vesthief thieves

life Iives

Irregularchild children

fish fishNo rules

~eshero heroes

potato potatoes

Singular Plural

box boxes

watch watches

Common irregular plural nouns:

sheep - sheep tooth - teeth woman - women foot - feet mouse - mice person - people

Write the plural form.

1 telephone ....................................................

2 actress ....................................................

3 eyelash ....................................................

4 tooth ....................................................

5 shelf ....................................................

6 tomato ....................................................

7 cave ....................................................

8 family ....................................................

9 thief ....................................................

10 man ....................................................

Singular Plural

1 fox foxs foxes

2 wolf wolfs wolves

3 sheep sheep sheeps

4 baby babys babies

PluralSingular

5 glass glass glasses

6 movie movies movyes

7 candy candys candies

8 bench benchs benches

telephones

1. Grammar Introduction

Circle the correct plural form.

End of noun: -ch, -sh, -s, -x

Plural form: add -es

End of noun: consonant + -o

Plural form: add -es

End of noun: consonant + -y

Plural form: change y to i and add -es

End of noun: -f or -fe

Plural form: change -f or -fe to v and add -es

Singular means one. Plural means two or more.

To make most nouns plural, add -s to the singular form.

7My Next Grammar 3

1 I want to listen to ............................

2 There are eleven ..................................... on a soccer team.

3 Mr. and Mrs. Johnson will buy a lot of ....................................

4 I drink three glasses of ................................ every day.

1 - Nouns and Articles

Choose and write the correct word.

B. Count and Noncount Nouns

Count Noun

There is an apple.Apples taste good.These apples are green.

Count nouns can be counted with numbers.

They take singular or plural form.

Noncount

Noun

There is milk.Milk is white.This milk tastes good.

Common noncount nouns:

furniture homework mail money bread milk weather music information soup

C. Articles: Indefinite, Definite and No Articles

aa pen a radioa book a small umbrella

anan orange an eggan old book an umbrella

theThe blue cap is on the bed.Why is the sky blue?

Seoul is in Korea.He plays basketball at school.Math is my favorite subject.He speaks English and Chinese.

Write a, an, the or .

1 There is .......................... monster in the lake. .......................... monster is huge and dangerous.

2 Did you see .......................... moon last night? It was very big and round.

3 My friend can play .......................... soccer but he can’t play .......................... volleyball.

4 My favorite school subject is .......................... science. What about you?

musica music / music

player / players

furniture / furnitures

milk / milks

a

Noncount nouns cannot be counted with numbers.

They take only singular form.

They take no indefinite article, a or an.

Definite article, the, is used before nouns that are ‘specific’

or ‘one and only’.

Indefinite article, a or an, means ‘one’ thing.

Use it before a singular noun.

Put a before a consonant and an before a vowel.

No articles ( ) are used before proper nouns.

No articles are used before sports, school subjects,

and languages.

8

2. Grammar PracticeRewrite the sentence using the correct plural forms.

1 There are many busy street and highway in Los Angeles.

..............................................................................................................................................................................

2 Monkey eat banana, leaf, root, and egg.

..............................................................................................................................................................................

3 There were baby, child, woman, and sheep in the field.

..............................................................................................................................................................................

4 Ball are round, and box have six side.

..............................................................................................................................................................................

5 Big city usually have many problem.

..............................................................................................................................................................................

A

Choose and write.B

There are many busy streets and highways in Los Angeles.

1 Where can I get ....................... information about MP3 players?

2 We are late. Let’s take a .................... to the theater.

3 There .................... usually a lot of homework on weekends.

4 Please turn down the ....................... It is too loud.

5 The ............................ is great at the beach today.

6 They have a lot of .............................. in the living room.

7 Sharks have a lot of .............................

8 There are not many ............................ in this pond.

9 We are going to visit ............................ Europe this summer.

10 Yesterday I saw a girl. ......................... girl was wearing red shoes.

11 You need eggs, potatoes, and ................. onion for Spanish omelettes.

an / some

taxi / taxis

is / are

music / musics

weather / weathers

furniture / furnitures

tooth / teeth

fish / fishes

the /

A / The

a / an

some

1 - Nouns and Articles

9My Next Grammar 3

Soccer FactsRead and correct the mistakes. There are 10 mistakes.C

Write a, an, the, or .D

Dear Mom and Dad

I’m having ( ) great time in ( ) New York There are so many things to

see in ( ) city Yesterday Mike and I visited many ( )

famous places I bought ( ) pretty umbrella for Mom and

( ) interesting pipe for Dad

Tomorrow we will go to ( ) Broadway and watch ( )

play I am glad that I can speak ( ) English I have to go now

but I will send you ( ) postcard again

I miss you

John

a

Nouns

Count Noun

Singular

actorpotatochild

actorspotatoeschildren

waterhomeworkfurniture

Plural

Noncount

Noun

Articles

a bookan egga large egg

the green shirtthe Sunthe sky

Japanesemathbaseball

No ArticleDefinite

Article

Indefinite

Article

3. Grammar Summary

Soccer is the very simple game. Anybody can play the soccer. It is a popular sport in a

world. There are 11 player on a team: one goalkeepers, four defenders, four midfielder, and

two forwards. You score a goals when the ball is kicked into the net. One goal is worth one

points. Soccer is not only for men. Womans and childs play soccer too.

a

Lesson

10

LessonPronouns and PossessivesPronouns and Possessives

1. Grammar LinkGo to page 106. Take Grammar Quiz 1.

2. Grammar Introduction

A. Personal Pronouns

Singular

Plural

1st

2nd

3rd

1st

2nd

3rd

I like Mary. Mary likes me. Mary studies with me.

You like Mary. Mary likes you. Mary studies with you.

He/She/It likes Mary. Mary likes him/her/it. Mary studies with him/her/it.

We like Mary. Mary likes us. Mary studies with us.

You like Mary. Mary likes you. Mary studies with you.

They like Mary. Mary likes them. Mary studies with them.

Subject Pronoun Object Pronoun

Circle the correct pronoun.

1 Do you want to play with I / me ?

2 Take this book and give it / them to your teacher.

3 Sam is wearing new shoes. He / Him bought they / them yesterday.

4 Mary and I / me are planning to watch a movie.

5 I know Amy. I met she / her at John’s birthday party.

6 A: Do you know the board game, Monopoly? B: Yes. I / me play it / them all the time.

7 A: What is in the bag? B: There are books in it / them .

A subject pronoun takes the place of a subject noun.

My father is a teacher. He teaches history.

An object pronoun takes the place of an object noun.

Do you drink milk? Yes. I drink it every day.

An object pronoun also takes the place of the object of a preposition.

I go to school with Amy. I study with her.

2 - Pronouns and Possessives

11My Next Grammar 3

C. Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns

Singular

Plural

1st

2nd

3rd

1st

2nd

3rd

This is my tent. This is mine.

This is your tent. This is yours.

This is our tent. This is ours.

This is your tent. This is yours.

This is their tent. This is theirs.

Possessive Adjective Possessive Pronoun

B. Possessive Nouns

Singular

That monkey’s tail is long.This is Mary’s sister, Kathy.Charles’s/Charles’ computer is nice.

Plural

This is the monkeys’ tree.Those men’s shoes are big.That is John and Mike’s project.

Plural possessive noun:

regular: monkeys monkeys’

irregular: men men’s

Circle the correct word.

Write the correct possessive noun.

This is his/her tent. This is his/hers.

This is its tent. - - - -

1 animals footprints ..................... footprints

2 fly wings ..................... wings

3 tree branches ..................... branches

1 Jennifer finished her / hers homework.

2 Is this my / mine camera, or your / yours ?

3 This is our / ours . Your / Yours ball is over there.

4 The students worked hard on their / theirs science projects.

5 The elephant uses it’s / its trunk to drink water.

animals’ 4 people feelings .................. feelings

5 Chris last name .................. last name

6 babies toys .................. toys

Singular possessive noun:

monkey monkey’s Mary Mary’s

Singular noun that ends in -s:

Charles Charles’ or Charles’s

Possessives show that someone

has something.

Possessive adjective + noun

= Possessive pronoun

This is my tent.

= This tent is mine.

= This is mine.

There is no possessive pronoun for it.

12

3. Grammar PracticeWrite the correct pronouns or possessives.A

Look at the pictures and answer.B

1 Is the comic book Greg and Jim’s? ........................................ It’s ......................................................

2 Is the ball Mary’s? ........................................ It’s .....................................................

3 Are the bicycles Sparky’s? ........................................ They are ............................................

4 Is the comic book Mary’s? ........................................ It’s ......................................................

5 Is the ball Sparky’s? ........................................ It’s ......................................................

6 Are the bicycles Greg’s and Jim’s? ........................................ They are ............................................

No, it isn’t Mary’s

1 Kathy and I are planning to see a movie.

.......................... want to see a comedy. John wants to come with .......................... too.

2 My little brother has a small blanket.

.......................... always carries .......................... around with ...........................

3 Chris and Charles are best friends. .......................... are in the same class.

.......................... classroom is on the fourth floor.

4 A: Isn’t that your dad’s car? That blue one over there?

B: No, that’s not ........................... .......................... car is black.

We

Mary Greg and Jim Sparky

13My Next Grammar 3

2 - Pronouns and Possessives

1 How many friends do you have? ..............................................................................................................

2 What are their names? ..............................................................................................................

3 What are their favorite sports? ..............................................................................................................

4 Do they have pets? ..............................................................................................................

5 What are their pets’ names? ..............................................................................................................

Choose and write.C

Answer the questions. Use a complete sentence.D

4. Grammar Summary

Personal Pronouns and Possessives

Singular

Plural

1st

2nd

3rd

1st

2nd

3rd

I me my mine

you you your yours

he/she/ it him/her/ it his/her/ its his/hers/ ...

we us our ours

you you your yours

they them their theirs

monkey’s

Charles’s

(Charles’)

monkeys’

men’s

John and Mike’s

Subject

Pronoun

Object

Pronoun

Possessive

Adjective

Possessive

Pronoun

Possessive

Noun

Hippos live in hot places. To stay cool, __________ spend

most of the day in the water. How do __________ breathe, see

or hear then? The _____________ nose, ears and eyes are on

the top of __________ head. They stick out above the water

while __________ head and body are in the water. Hippos are

good swimmers. ____________ can hold ____________ breath

for about five minutes. ____________ can even walk along

the bottom of rivers and lakes.

theythey / their

they / their

hippo / hippo’s

it / its

it / its

They / Their their / theirs

They / Their

14

LessonSomebody/Nothing/AnywhereSomebody/Nothing/Anywhere

1. Grammar LinkGo to page 107. Take Grammar Quiz 2.

2. Grammar Introduction

A. Somebody/Something/Somewhere

Somebody broke the window.Did somebody break the window?

Somebody refers to an unknown person.

A person broke the window, but I don’t know who.

Somebody, something and somewhere are used in affirmative sentences or questions. somebody = someone

There is something on the table.Is there something on the table?

Something refers to an unknown thing.

There is a thing on the table, but I don’t know what.

Let’s go somewhere today.Can we go somewhere today?

Somewhere refers to an unknown place.

Let’s go to a place today, but I don’t know where.

B. Anybody/Anything/Anywhere

Do you know anybody in John’s class?Is there anything in your pocket?Do you want to go anywhere today?

I’m a new student. I don’t know anybody in my class.There isn’t anything in my pocket. It’s empty.I’m tired. I don’t want to go anywhere today.

Circle the correct word. Discuss your choices.

1 There is somebody / something / somewhere in the room. Who is it?

2 A: I want to go somebody / something / somewhere . B: Where do you want to go?

3 Someone / Something / Somewhere stole my purse.

4 I’m hungry. I want to eat someone / something / somewhere .

5 Do you have someone / something / somewhere in your pocket?

6 I need to ask someone / something / somewhere for directions.

Anybody, anything, and anywhere are used in

questions.

anybody = anyone

Anybody, anything, and anywhere are used

in negative sentences.

3 - Somebody/Nothing/Anywhere

15My Next Grammar 3

1 There isn’t .................................... in the desk drawer.

2 Would you like .................................... to drink?

3 I don’t eat .................................... at night.

4 Are you doing .................................... right now?

5 May I have .................................... to eat?

6 Mary doesn’t know .................................... about the picnic.

1 John didn’t buy ............................ at the store. He didn’t have any money.

2 A: Did you see ............................ at the park? B: Yes. I saw John.

3 I’m tired. I don’t want to eat ............................. I just want to go to sleep.

4 A: Are you going ............................ this summer? B: Yes. We are going to China.

5 Mary is upset. She doesn’t want to talk to .............................

6 There isn’t ............................ in the refrigerator. There is no food.

C. Nobody/Nothing/Nowhere

There is nobody in the classroom. = There isn’t anybody in the classroom.

There is nothing under the sofa.= There isn’t anything under the sofa.

I’m going nowhere.= I’m not going anywhere.

Write anybody, anything or anywhere.

anything

Write something or anything. Discuss your choices.

Write nobody, nothing or nowhere.

1 I didn’t see anybody. I saw ...............................

2 There isn’t anything in the bag. There is .............................. in the bag.

3 He isn’t getting anywhere. He is getting ...............................

4 She didn’t say anything about it. She said .............................. about it.

nobody = negative verb + anybody

nothing = negative verb + anything

nowhere = negative verb + anywhere

A sentence with nobody, nothing, or nowhere

is a negative sentence.

nobody = no one

16

1 Amy is speaking to .................................... on the phone.

2 Do you know .................................... about animals in Alaska?

3 John read .................................... about the earthquake in the newspaper.

4 The teacher is writing an e-mail to .....................................

5 It’s too dark. I can’t see .....................................

6 I didn’t tell .................................... about the accident.

7 Brian didn’t talk to .................................... after class.

8 Would you like .................................... for your headache?

9 Sam doesn’t have .................................... in his pocket.

10 Did you buy .................................... at the store?

3. Grammar Practice Write something, somebody, anything or anybody. Discuss your choices.A

Write anything, anybody, nothing or nobody.B

somebody

1 There is .................................... on the desk.

2 My little brother doesn’t know .................................... about mammals.

3 Sam did .................................... to make the teacher angry.

4 Beth told .................................... about her problem.

5 Do you know .................................... at this party?

6 John didn’t get .................................... at the store.

7 There was .................................... about the accident in the newspaper.

8 Did you eat .................................... today?

9 Everyone went home. There isn’t .................................... in the classroom.

10 There is .................................... in the box.

nothing

3 - Somebody/Nothing/Anywhere

17My Next Grammar 3

4. Grammar Summary

Write the answer with nobody, nothing, or nowhere.D

Somebody/Nothing/Anywhere

somebody (someone)anybody (anyone)nobody (no one)

somethinganythingnothing

somewhereanywherenowhere

Unknown Person Unknown Thing Unknown Place

1 A: What do you want to eat? B: ..........................................

2 A: Who did you see? B: ..........................................

3 A: Where are you going? B: ..........................................

4 A: Who was at the door? B: ..........................................

5 A: What is in the refrigerator? B: ..........................................

6 A: Who is in the classroom? B: ..........................................

Nothing

Complete the dialogue with anything, somebody, nothing, or anybody.C

1 A: Is this your video game?

B: No. I borrowed it from ..................................

2 A: Did you talk to John on the phone last night?

B: No. I didn’t talk to ..................................

3 A: Do you hear that noise?

B: No. I don’t hear ..................................

4 A: Do you know anything about Swaziland in Africa?

B: No. I know ................................. about that country.