moitfe.gandaki.gov.npmoitfe.gandaki.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/...Master Plan for Tourism...

PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF TOURISM, INDUSTRY, FOREST AND ENVIRONMENT

(MoTIFE) GANDAKI PROVINCE, KASKI

FINAL REPORT ON

MASTER PLAN FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN MILAREPA CAVE

Braga, Manang Ngisyang Rural Municipality, Manang

SUBMITTED BY: CREATE CONSULT MADHYAPUR THIMI-4, BHAKTAPUR Email: [email protected]

July, 2019

Master Plan for Tourism Development in Milarepa Cave, Manang

Create Consult Page | i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Background ...................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Objectives of the Study .................................................................................................... 2

1.3 Scope of Works ................................................................................................................ 2

1.4 Expected Output .............................................................................................................. 2

1.5 Contents of the Report .................................................................................................... 3

2. Methodology ............................................................................................................................ 4

2.1 Desk Study ........................................................................................................................ 4

2.2 Data Collection ................................................................................................................. 4

2.3 Field Visit .......................................................................................................................... 5

2.4 Preparation of Master Plan .............................................................................................. 5

Needs Assessment ........................................................................................................ 5

Preparation of Conceptual Master Plan ....................................................................... 5

Preparation of Draft Master Plan and Draft Report .................................................... 5

Preparation of Final Master Plan and Final Report ...................................................... 6

3. Site Context .............................................................................................................................. 7

3.1 About Milarepa Cave, The Project Area ........................................................................... 7

Location of Project ....................................................................................................... 9

Accessibility ................................................................................................................ 11

3.2 Climatic Condition .......................................................................................................... 12

Temperature ............................................................................................................... 12

Rainfall ....................................................................................................................... 13

3.3 Geological and Geotechnical Study ............................................................................... 14

The Terai (Indo-Gangetic Plain) .................................................................................. 14

Sub Himalaya or Churiya Range ................................................................................. 14

The Lesser Himalaya................................................................................................... 14

The Higher Himalaya .................................................................................................. 15

The Tethys Zone (The Inner Himalaya) ....................................................................... 15

Structures ................................................................................................................... 15

3.4 Regional Geology of the Project Area ............................................................................ 17

3.5 Land use pattern and Land Acquisition .......................................................................... 17


Create Consult Page | ii

Land use ..................................................................................................................... 17

Land Acquisition ......................................................................................................... 18

3.6 Existing Physical Infrastructure ...................................................................................... 19

Transportation: .......................................................................................................... 19

Electricity: ................................................................................................................... 19

Communication: ......................................................................................................... 19

Water supply: ............................................................................................................. 19

Sanitation and Waste Disposal System ...................................................................... 19

3.7 Socio-economic Status ................................................................................................... 20

Demographics Determinants ..................................................................................... 20

Households ................................................................................................................. 21

Education Status ........................................................................................................ 23

Economic Status ......................................................................................................... 24

4. Survey and Investigation ........................................................................................................ 26

4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 26

4.2 Scope of Works .............................................................................................................. 26

4.3 Survey Methodology ...................................................................................................... 26

Reconnaissance Survey .............................................................................................. 26

Survey Equipment....................................................................................................... 27

Survey Team ............................................................................................................... 27

Detail Topographic Survey ......................................................................................... 27

Plotting and Preparation of Maps .............................................................................. 28

5. Tourism Potential and Beneficiaries Analysis ........................................................................ 29

5.1 Tourism Potential ........................................................................................................... 29

5.2 Revenue Generation ...................................................................................................... 31

5.3 Tourism Flow Analysis .................................................................................................... 32

Tourist Nationality...................................................................................................... 32

Demographic Characteristics of Tourist Visitors ........................................................ 33

5.4 Tourism Package Analysis .............................................................................................. 36

Visiting Season ........................................................................................................... 40

Nature Culture and Adventure Weighting ................................................................. 41

Beneficiaries Analysis ................................................................................................. 41

6. Structural Components of the Master Plan Project ............................................................... 43


Create Consult Page | iii

6.1 Component of Master Plan ............................................................................................ 43

6.2 Generalization of space and requirement: .................................................................... 45

6.3 Generalization of Design concept: ................................................................................. 45

6.4 Description of the Project Components ........................................................................ 45

Shrine/Gumba ............................................................................................................ 45

Accommodation or Dormitory Block .......................................................................... 45

Confectionary and Dining Block ................................................................................. 46

Meditation Block ........................................................................................................ 46

Zen Garden ................................................................................................................. 47

Main Entrance Gate ................................................................................................... 47

Milarepa Statue (Proposed) ....................................................................................... 48

Balanced Field ............................................................................................................ 48

Chaityas ...................................................................................................................... 48

Milarepa Statue (Existing) .......................................................................................... 49

Foot Trail .................................................................................................................... 49

View Tower ................................................................................................................. 49

Meditational caves ..................................................................................................... 49

7. Project Cost Estimate ............................................................................................................. 56

7.1 Quantity Estimates ......................................................................................................... 56

7.2 Rate Analysis .................................................................................................................. 56

7.3 Cost Estimate ................................................................................................................. 56

8. Financial Arrangement, Revenue Generation and Economic Analysis .................................. 58

8.1 Financial Arrangement of Project .................................................................................. 58

8.2 Revenue Generation ...................................................................................................... 58

Employment Generation ............................................................................................ 59

Foreign Exchange Earnings ........................................................................................ 59

Contribution to Local Economics ................................................................................ 59

Contribution to Government Revenue ....................................................................... 59

Stimulation of Infrastructure Investment ................................................................... 59

8.3 Economic Analysis .......................................................................................................... 59

9. Project Development Stages .................................................................................................. 62

9.1 Planning Stage ................................................................................................................ 62

9.2 Construction Preparation Stage ..................................................................................... 62


Create Consult Page | iv

9.3 Construction Stage ......................................................................................................... 62

10. SWOT Analysis .................................................................................................................... 64

11. Disaster and Safety ............................................................................................................ 65

11.1 Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................. 65

Geological and Geo-technical Risks ........................................................................... 65

Risk of Land Degradation ........................................................................................... 65

Risk to Flora and Fauna .............................................................................................. 65

Construction Schedule Risks ....................................................................................... 66

Risks Related to Construction Materials .................................................................... 66

Risk Related to Climatic Condition ............................................................................. 66

12. Conclusion and Recommendation ..................................................................................... 67

12.1 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 67

12.2 Recommendation ........................................................................................................... 67


Create Consult Page | v

LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1: Details of the topographic map of the study area ...................................................................... 4

Table 2-2: Details of the data collected during the study phase ................................................................. 4

Table 3-1: Location of Milarepa Cave .......................................................................................................... 9

Table 3-2: Accessibility to Milarepa Cave via road .................................................................................... 11

Table 3-3: Monthly maximum, minimum and average temperature and precipitation in Braga ............. 14

Table 3-4: Land plot details of the Milarepa Cave Area ............................................................................. 19

Table 3-5: Total Population and average household of Manang district and Braga ................................. 20

Table 3-6: Population of Manang by Religion ............................................................................................ 21

Table 3-7: Total Population of Braga by Caste and Ethnicity ..................................................................... 21

Table 3-8: Households by house ownership in Braga Village .................................................................... 21

Table 3-9: Household by main source of drinking water ........................................................................... 22

Table 3-10: Household by toilet facility ..................................................................................................... 22

Table 3-11: Literacy status of Manang district and Braga ......................................................................... 23

Table 3-12: School attending population (age group 5-25 years) ............................................................. 24

Table 3-13: Usual economic activity performed in Manang district .......................................................... 24

Table 3-14: Economic activity performed in Manang District ................................................................... 25

Table 3-15: Poverty rate and poverty gap of Manang District .................................................................. 25

Table 4-1 : Survey Team ............................................................................................................................. 27

Table 4-2: List of Coordinates and Elevations of Benchmarks ................................................................... 27

Table 5-1: Annual number of Tourist visiting Nepal and Manang ............................................................. 29

Table 5-2: Top ten nationality visiting Manang via Dharapani Check Post ................................................ 32

Table 5-3: Comparative annual tourist data (1996-2018) visiting Manang via Dharapani Check Post ..... 34

Table 5-4: Distribution of tourists as per gender through Dharapani Check post in 2018 ........................ 35

Table 5-5: Number of tourist visiting Manang in different months recorded in Dharapani Check Post in 2018 ........................................................................................................................................................... 35

Table 5-6: No of Tourist by purpose of visit ............................................................................................... 37

Table 5-7: Monthly number of tourist visiting different route in Manang via Dharapani Check Post ...... 37

Table 5-8: Tour Package of Annapurna Circuit Trek (including proposed Milarepa Cave area) ................ 39

Table 5-9: Number of tourist visiting Manang in different months recorded in Dharapani Check Post in 2018 ........................................................................................................................................................... 40

Table 5-10: Components of Direct, Indirect & induced tourism contribution to GDP .............................. 42

Table 7-1: Summary of the project cost of Milarepa Cave ........................................................................ 56

Table 8-1: Proposed financial arrangement for the project ...................................................................... 58


Create Consult Page | vi

Table 8-2: Economic Analysis of the project .............................................................................................. 61

Table 9-1: Stages of Project Development................................................................................................. 62

Table 10-1: SWOT analysis for Milarepa Cave ........................................................................................... 64


Create Consult Page | vii

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3-1: Statue of Milarepa, his Disciple ................................................................................................. 8

Figure 3-2: Footprint of Milarepa in Cave Area ........................................................................................... 8

Figure 3-3:Observed Bow of hunter in Milarepa Cave Area ........................................................................ 8

Figure 3-4: Monuments in Milarepa Cave ................................................................................................... 8

Figure 3-5: Monuments in Milarepa Cave ................................................................................................... 8

Figure 3-6: Location Map of the Project Area ............................................................................................ 10

Figure 3-7: Location of Milarepa Cave as seen from Braga Village ............................................................ 10

Figure 3-8: Accessibility Map of Milarepa Cave via Prithivi Highway and Dumre Besisahar Chame Road 11

Figure 3-9: Local walking trail to Milarepa Cave from Braga Village ......................................................... 12

Figure 3-10: Average annual temperature of Braga, Manang (Source: climate-data.org) ........................ 13

Figure 3-11: Average monthly rainfall of Braga (Source: climate-data.org) .............................................. 13

Figure 3-12: Physiographic Subdivision of the Himalayan Arc (after Gansser, 1964)................................ 16

Figure 3-13: Generalized Geological Map of Nepal ................................................................................... 16

Figure 3-14: Project Area in Regional Geological Map of Nepal ................................................................ 17

Figure 3-15: Land use Map of Manang Ngisyang Rural Municipality ........................................................ 18

Figure 3-16: Percentage of house ownership in Braga .............................................................................. 22

Figure 3-17: Percentage of households with toilet facility ........................................................................ 23

Figure 3-18: Literacy status of Population of Braga ................................................................................... 24

Figure 3-19: Usual economic activity performed in Manang District ........................................................ 25

Figure 5-1: Annual number of tourist visiting Manang via Dharapani Check Post .................................... 30

Figure 5-2: Gross Foreign Currency Revenue Generation from tourism ................................................... 32

Figure 5-3: Top ten nationality visiting Manang via Dharapani Check Post .............................................. 33

Figure 5-4: Distribution of tourists as per gender through Dharapani Check post in 2018....................... 35

Figure 5-5: Number of tourist visiting Manang in different months recorded in Dharapani Check Post in 2018 ........................................................................................................................................................... 36

Figure 5-6: Monthly number of tourist visiting different route in Manang via Dharapani Check Post ..... 38

Figure 5-7: Annapurna Circut Treaking Route ........................................................................................... 38

Figure 5-8: Number of tourist visiting Manang in different months recorded in Dharapani Check Post in 2018 ........................................................................................................................................................... 41

Figure 6-1 Proposed master plan of Milarepa Cave with proposed components ..................................... 44

Figure 6-2: Plan and 3D view of Gumba .................................................................................................... 45

Figure 6-3 Plan and Elevation of Dormitory Block ..................................................................................... 46

Figure 6-4 Plan and 3D view of Dining Block ............................................................................................. 46


Create Consult Page | viii

Figure 6-5: Plan and 3D view of Meditation Block ..................................................................................... 47

Figure 6-6: Zen Garden .............................................................................................................................. 47

Figure 6-7: 3D and Front View of Entrance Gate ....................................................................................... 47

Figure 6-8: Proposed Statue of Milarepa ................................................................................................... 48

Figure 6-9: Balance concept ....................................................................................................................... 48

Figure 6-10: 3D View of Chaitya ................................................................................................................ 48

Figure 6-11:3D view of Chaitya .................................................................................................................. 49

Figure 6-12: Existing Milarepa Statue ........................................................................................................ 49

Figure 6-13: Existing Site for Meditational Caves ...................................................................................... 50

Figure 6-14: Proposed Meditational Caves ................................................................................................ 50

Figure 6-15 Top View of the Site ................................................................................................................ 51

Figure 6-16 Proposed Master Plan ............................................................................................................ 51

Figure 6-17: Existing Perspective View of Site ........................................................................................... 52

Figure 6-18 Proposed 3D Perspestive View .............................................................................................. 52

Figure 6-19 Existing Perspective view of Site ............................................................................................. 53

Figure 6-20 Proposed 3D Perspective view ............................................................................................... 53

Figure 6-21 Existing Site Perspective View ................................................................................................ 54

Figure 6-22 Proposed 3D Perspective View ............................................................................................... 54

Figure 6-23 Existing Site Perspective View ................................................................................................ 55

Figure 6-24 Proposed 3D Perspective View ............................................................................................... 55

Figure 8-1: Proposed financial arrangement for the project ..................................................................... 58

Figure 9-1: Project Implementation Schedule ........................................................................................... 63


Create Consult Page | ix

LIST OF ANNEXES

Annex A: Quantity Estimate and Bill of Quantity

Annex B: Rate Analysis

Annex C: Site Photographs

Annex D: Master Plan Design Drawings

Annex E: Minutes of Meeting

Annex F: Linkage Map of Major Tourist Destination


Create Consult Page | 1

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

Tourism is one of the potential sectors for the economic development of Nepal. It has become one of the major source of earning foreign currency in Nepal. Expansion of tourism sector expands the employment and income generation opportunity. Nepal is known for its natural and cultural diversity within its short north-south territorial extent. Being a highly diverse country, Nepal is rich in natural beauty, religious and cultural heritage which attracts large number of tourists annually from around the world. Nepal possess 8 out of 10 highest mountains in the world and there exist many other natural asset which has recognize Nepal as a hotspot destination for mountaineers, rock climbers and other many adventure tourist. Similarly, location of birth place of Lord Buddha, Pashupatinath, numerous World Heritage Sites, religious harmony, linguistic and cultural diversity and climatic and geographical variations of the country lure visitors worldwide. In 2018, total 11, 73,072 numbers of tourist arrived in Nepal that generated revenue of around 0.7 billion US dollar.

Manang is the biggest village situated at an altitude of 3540 meters in the trans-Himalayan region of Nepal. Manang has been an essential base for trekkers and mountaineers exploring this area. Upon entering the Manang, there is a joyful, magical feelings. The tranquil beauty of this magnificent city lures tourists and adds some of the most cherished moment in their life. The warm hospitality and cultural diversity of Manang has attracted the attention of the visitors and make them fall in love with this majestic village. The sound of silence, the subtle whistles of wind and eye popping view mountain ranges will increase the desire to visit Manang again and again.

Upper Manang is a part of the Annapurna Circuit and the whole district lies within the Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP). Annapurna Region is one of the world's renowned and notable tourist destinations, especially for trekking tourists. As per Dharapani Check post, total 29,484 numbers of tourist visited, among them, 23,884 numbers of tourist trekked through Annapurna Trekking route.

The proposed project site is located in Braga village, Manang Ngisyang Rural Municipality of Manang district, along Annapurna Trekking Route. The Buddhist community residing here and in nearby villages greatly reveres the region for its prodigious beauty and spiritual significance. The Ngisyang valley is most remote and mystical destination. Apart from traditional villages of Manang Mountain vistas, icy glacial lake and monasteries are attractions to be hold. The major attraction for tourists in this rural municipality are Tilicho Lake, Gangapurna Lake, Ice Lake, Mamschoo Lake, Green lake, Gale Raja Palace, Yak Kharka, Thorang Pas, Kalanga Pas, Mesokanta Pas, Ne Cave, Milarepa Cave, Milarepa Gumba, Manang Gumba, Braga Gumba, Tare Gumba, Pocho Gumba, Pisang Gumba, Ghyaru Gumba, Ngawal Gumba, Tanki Gumba, Khangsar Gumba, Karki Gumba, Sher Gumba and Swargadawari. Along with these tourist destination, Milarepa cave is another potential destination for tourist. The religious and cultural importance of Milarepa Cave, its magical natural beauty and geological location has potential for developing the place as one of the major tourist hubs of this region. With this background Manang Ngisyang Rural Municipality along with Ministry of Industry, Tourism, Forest and Environment (MoITFE), Gandaki Province has planned to develop a Detailed Master Plan of the Milarepa cave area. In this course, the Ministry of Industry, Tourism, Forest and Environment has appointed and signed the contract with Create Consult for providing consultancy services for the project "Preparation of Master Plan for Tourism Development in Milarepa Cave, Manang". It is expected that the proposed master



plan project will increases the flow of tourist in that area and contribute in tourism development and local development of the region by accumulating more revenue from tourism sector.

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The primary objectives of the project are the preparation of Detail Master Plan in Milarepa Cave area of Braga Village of Manang Ngisyang Rural Municipality in order to promote tourism and conserve the area. In specific terms, the objectives of the projects given as below:

1. To develop Milarepa Cave as a place of religious importance and a major touristic destination.

2. Explore the possibilities of Milarepa Cave as a vibrant touristic place and destination a. Explore and propose possibilities for museum, spiritual and public building amenities

(gompa) and resting space, park etc. and all other required/necessary services and facilities.

b. Propose an easy path and adequate access for human traffic. 3. Prepare Master plan for sustainable development of Milarepa Cave

a. Prepare a Master Plan that would further aid in the conservation of the existing natural amenities such as existing cave and natural constraints.

b. Ensuring that the pre-existing natural landform that surrounds the cave is altered to its minimum.

1.3 SCOPE OF WORKS

The primary scope of this study is to prepare detailed master plan. The scope of the study necessarily includes but not restricted to the followings.

• Design and prepare a conceptual Master plan including access and all necessary facilities to propose conservation, and sustainable development of Milarepa Cave

• Determine appropriate building type, space requirements, uses and user. • Determine appropriate services and facilities to make the use of the space comfortable and

efficient. • Prepare landscape design and drawing to match the spirit of project. • Preparation of architectural plans and design • Preparation of Preliminary cost-estimates based on the architectural plan and design.

1.4 EXPECTED OUTPUT

Within the aforementioned scope, the study at the end is expected to produce following summarized outcomes as specified in the given TOR:

• Conceptual master plan with conceptual space designs for Gumba, Meditation hall, Gallery, Dormtories, Dinning Hall, Foot-trail Design . It will also have the conceptual planning of the



service and utilities, public amenities and the facilities for the visitors as well as the administrative services.

• Conceptual layout design for the infrastructure development including the road network, water supply, electricity, communication.

• Cost-estimate of component of Tourism Master Plan and preparation of Project Report.

1.5 CONTENTS OF THE REPORT

The final report for the project Preparation of Master Plan for Tourism Development in Milarepa Cave Manang is presented in two Volumes.

Volume I: Final Report

Volume II: Detail Master Plan Design and Drawings

The final report have been divided into altogether twelve chapters as outlined below:

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Methodology

Chapter 3: Site Context

Chapter 4: Survey and Investigation

Chapter 5: Tourism Potential and Beneficiaries Analysis

Chapter 6: Structural Components of the Master Plan Project

Chapter 7: Project Cost Estimate

Chapter 8: Project Development Stages

Chapter 9: Power Evacuation and Transmission Line Study

Chapter 10: SWOT Analysis

Chapter 11: Disaster and Safety

Chapter 12: Conclusions and Recommendations



2. METHODOLOGY

The methodology of the study for the preparation of Master Plan for Tourism Development in Milarepa, Manang is largely guided by the methodology presented in the TOR and Proposal. Further, both rational and participative methods has been used, the direct observations and information collected during site visit and the interpretation of the existing documents, program formulation and the conceptual planning has been complemented by stakeholder’s opinion and suggestions on the proposed design of master plan. The different stages followed during preparation of master plan is discussed in the subsequent chapters.

2.1 DESK STUDY

The team of consultant after signing the contract agreement carried out the desk study of the project in the initial phase. The team collected relevant literature and topographical map prepared by the department of survey of the site (1:50000 Scale). The description of the topographical map prepared by the survey department collected for the study is depicted in the table below. The consultant also carried out consultation with the client’s representative prior to field mobilization. This was undertaken to understand the specific needs of the community and the municipality in terms of obtaining optimum benefits from the project. The brief information about the site and its topographic features were also obtained by visiting the areal imagery of the site location in google earth.

Table 2-1: Details of the topographic map of the study area

SN Topographical Map Map Scale

1 Sheet No. 2884 05 Chame 1: 50000

2.2 DATA COLLECTION

During the study phase, different data were collected from different relevant sources. During desk study phase, the topographic map (sheet no. 2884-05, Chame) was collected from Department of Survey for analyzing the physical and topographical features of the area. Prior to site visit, available regional geological data of the area was also collected from Department of the Mines and Geology. To have knowledge about the general trend of tourist visiting Nepal and Manang district, the statistics available from the Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation and records available at ACA Check post and Visitor Information Center Dharapani have been collected and analyzed. The record included total number of visitors, their nationalities and gender which has been utilized to study the tourist potential and flow analysis. The socioeconomic data and their analysis was carried out, from district profile of Manang district, 2014 published by the Central Bureau of Statistics. Moreover, various websites, previous studies and reports and other relevant secondary data were explored, reviewed and utilized during the preparation of the report.

Table 2-2: Details of the data collected during the study phase

SN Description of collected Data Data Type Source

1. Topo Sheet No: 2884-05, Chame Map Department of Survey

2. Regional Geological data Map Department of Mines and Geology

3. Nepal Tourism Statistic 2018 Report Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation



4. Tourist flow data at Manang district Record ACA Check post and Visitor Information Center at Dharapani

5. Socioeconomic data District Profile

District Profile Manang, 2011, the Central Bureau of Statistics.

2.3 FIELD VISIT

The team of consultant visited the site along with the personnel from Rural Municipality and local community from B.S. 2076/01/17 to B.S. 2076/01/21. The team discussed and consulted with the local authorities and stakeholders at site to understand their perception regarding the project. The locals demonstrated keen interest towards the project development. A detailed topographic survey of the proposed area was also carried out using Total Station. Efforts were made to collect as much details as possible during the survey works. Inventory of the existing site condition was also carried out during field visit.

2.4 PREPARATION OF MASTER PLAN

Needs Assessment

Based on the desk study, literature review and field assessment, the consultant carried out a need assessment regarding the project development. The suggestions of the local community, representatives from Rural Municipality and the consultant’s previous experience on similar projects supported by experts’ judgement were used to finalize the needs and the components to be included in the master plan. The finalized components was later used for project formulation and preparation of conceptual design.

Preparation of Conceptual Master Plan

After finalization of the needs assessment, the conceptual Master Plan of the area was prepared including all the possible infrastructures. The conceptual Master Plan mainly delimited the following amenities:

• Gumba • Meditation Hall • Dining Hall • Dormitories for Lama • Trekking Trail to visit the statue of Milarepa

Preparation of Draft Master Plan and Draft Report

The comments and suggestions on the preliminary design and conceptual drawings prepared during conceptual Master Plan provided by the authorities of the Ministry of Tourism, Industry, Forest and Environment and Manang Ngisyang Rural Municipality were included to prepare the draft Master Plan. The draft master plan is the updated version of conceptual master plan with details. The Master Plan was prepared taking into consideration the suitability of the proposed structures with respect to local conditions, culture, topography and public acceptance. The proposed structures and amenities with landscape design is expected to add beauty to the site enhancing its scenic beauty and landscape design of the area. The detail design and drawings of various proposed components were prepared during the draft master plan. The detail Architectural and Structural drawings (Plans, Sections, and Elevations) were prepared in AutoCAD software.



The three dimensional drawings were prepared in sketch-up and the rendered images of the 3D views were prepared using rendering software Lumion 8.0.

Further, the preliminary quantities of different items of works was also calculated. The draft report on Preparation of Master Plan for Tourism Development in Manang was also prepared and presented to the Ministry for final comments and approval.

Preparation of Final Master Plan and Final Report

The final comments received from the client was incorporated and final master plan was prepared. The Final design and drawings of the proposed amenities were prepared. The 3D views and images of the finalized design was also prepared. The detailed quantities and cost of the components were determined and economic analysis was performed.

The final report on the project Preparation of Master Plan for Tourism Development in Manang was finally prepared incorporating all the comments on the draft report and submitted for approval.



3. SITE CONTEXT

3.1 ABOUT MILAREPA CAVE, THE PROJECT AREA

Milarepa cave is located in Braga village of Manang Ngisyang Rural Municipality in Manang district of Gandaki Province, Nepal. The Braga village lies in the Annapurna Circuit at approximately 4,300 meters on the way to famous Tilicho Lake. The Milarepa cave area also includes a holy spring, gompa and bow from the local hunter who met and tried to kill Milarepa.

History:

Milarepa was an 11th century hermit who lived in the Himalayan Valley along Nepal and Tibet border. Milarepa’s deep compassion for the wildlife and love for wilderness fostered a spirit of harmony between man and nature in the Himalayas. Milarepa lived in a cave near Braga village.

Near the cave, one can also see a bow hanging on the cliff of rock. According to the famous myth in Manang, the bow belonged to a villager named Karma Dorje who was a hunter. One day when he was hunting, he saw a deer and started chasing the deer with his Mountain dog. During his search for the deer, he saw both the dog and the deer sitting calm beside Milarepa. He was amazed and scared at once and aimed the bow to shoot Milarepa. Milarepa after seeing the hunter told him to stay calm and listen to him first before killing him. Milarepa then gave him speech about spiritual and religious wellbeing. After listening to Milarepa, the hunter was ashamed of his behavior and apologized for his doing. He then became his disciple and threw his bow, which was stuck on the cliff. The bow can still be seen in the rock. Milarepa’s footprints can also be seen in the cave.

Importance:

The Milarepa cave possess an important religious and cultural values of people living in Manang. The cave is located in the cliffs above in the right of the Gompa. It has been told by the locals that the main original cave with the year-round spring has been covered by a rockslide but there are still several others to visit, one of which contains a bow to commemorate the story of a hunter who came across Milarepa and was so impressed by the saint that he became his disciple. The Gompa is sheltered from the cold prevailing winds and catches the sun due to its southerly aspect, but venture a few hundred meters further up the moraine to the glacier and it can be bitterly cold. The area is a very peaceful, winsome and breathtaking and anyone visiting the place will be fantasied by its natural beauty and environment. The following figures envisages some natural and cultural importance of the Milarepa cave area.



Figure 3-1: Statue of Milarepa, his Disciple

Figure 3-2: Footprint of Milarepa in Cave Area

Figure 3-3:Observed Bow of hunter in Milarepa Cave Area

Figure 3-4: Monuments in Milarepa Cave

Figure 3-5: Existing Temple in Milarepa Cave Area

Figure 3-5: Monuments in Milarepa Cave

Hanging Bow of Hunter in Hill



Location of Project

Milarepa cave is located in Braga village of Manang Ngisyang Rural Municipality in Manang district of Gandaki Province, Nepal. Braga village is approximately 204 km via Prithivi Highway and Dumre Besisahar Chame Road from Pokhara, capital city of Gandaki Province. The Braga village lies in the Annapurna Circuit at approximately 4,300 meters on the way to famous Tilicho Lake. The administrative location of the Milarepa Cave is depicted in the following Table 3-1.

Table 3-1: Location of Milarepa Cave

Country : Nepal Province : Gandaki Province Province No. : 4 District : Manang Rural Municipality : Manang Ngisyang Rural Municipality Nearest Village : Braga Nearest Airport : Humde Provincial Centre : Pokhara

Distance From Provincial Centre : 204 km (Pokhara to Braga via Prithivi Highway/ Dumre Besisahar Chame Road)

Distance From Nearest Airport : 5 km (Humde to Braga)

The Manang Ngisyang Rural Municipality was formed by merging former VDCs of Nar, Phu, Bhraka, Khangsar, Manang, Pisang, Tanki Manang, Gyaru, Ngawal. The office of the Manang Ngisyang Rural Municipality is located in Humde of Manang district. The rural municipality has a total area of 694.54 km² with total population of 2222 as per the Census of 2011 consisting of 1017 male and 1205 female population. This rural municipality has a total nine wards and shares its border with Chame Municipality and Narphu Rural Municipality in the East, Mustang and Myagdi district in the West, Narphu Rural Municipality and Tibet in North and Kaski and Lamjung district in the South.

Most of the population of the rural municipality follows Buddhism. Gurung, Ghale, Lama and Bishwokarma are the major ethnicity in the rural municipality. The Buddhist community residing here and in nearby villages greatly reveres the region for its prodigious beauty and spiritual significance. The Ngisyang valley is most remote and mystical destination. The major attraction for tourists in this rural municipality are Tilicho Lake, Gangapurna Lake, Ice Lake, Mamschoo Lake, Green lake, Gale Raja Palace, Yak Kharka, Thorang Pas, Kalanga Pas, Mesokanta Pas, Ne Cave, Milarepa Cave, Milarepa Gumba, Manang Gumba, Braga Gumba, Tare Gumba, Pocho Gumba, Pisang Gumba, Ghyaru Gumba, Ngawal Gumba, Tanki Gumba, Khangsar Gumba, Karki Gumba, Sher Gumba and Swargadawari.



Figure 3-6: Location Map of the Project Area

Figure 3-7: Location of Milarepa Cave as seen from Braga Village

http://www.nepal-dia.de/int__England/EV_Annapurna/high_trail_milarepa_cave_z_1200.jpg



Accessibility

3.1.2.1 Accessibility via Road

The Milarepa Cave is accessible by local trails. It takes about three and half hours walk from Braga village to reach Milarepa Cave. Braga village is about 204 km via Prithivi Highway and Dumre Besisahar Chame Road from Pokhara, capital city of Gandaki Province.

Local Vehicles are available to reach Braga village which takes about 5 hours from Besisahar of Lamjung. Besisahar of Lamjung can be reached via Dumre Besisahar Chame Road (43.43 km) from Dumre of Tanahun district. Dumre is about 68 km east from Pokhara via Prithivi Highway. Dumre can be reached after travelling 130 km west from Kathmandu via Tribhuwan Highway and Prithivi Highway.

The local trail to Milarepa Cave starts from Braga Village and heads down about 500 m to Humde. Then after one should travel across pasture land after crossing bridge over Marsyangdi River. Then one can follow the little valley to the south and reach Milarepa Cave.

Table 3-2: Accessibility to Milarepa Cave via road

SN From To Distance (km) Road Name Road Type Remark

1. Pokhara Dmure 68.11 Prithivi Highway Blacktopped

2. Dumre Besisahar 43.43 Dumre Besisahar Road Blacktopped

3. Besisahar Chame 65.00 Besisahar Chame Road Gravel

4. Chame Braga 27.70 Earthen

5. Braga Milarepa Cave 5.00 Local Trail

Figure 3-8: Accessibility Map of Milarepa Cave via Prithivi Highway and Dumre Besisahar Chame Road



Figure 3-9: Local walking trail to Milarepa Cave from Braga Village

3.1.2.2 Accessibility via Air

There exists an airport in Humde which was started in 1985 AD. There used to be daily flight to Manang from Pokhara in the past, however now a days flights are scheduled on load basis by Tara airlines and Nepal Airlines. The fare cost for this route depends on airlines to airlines and types of ticket. It takes about 20 min to reach from Pokhara to Manang. Direct flight from Kathmandu to Manang is not available.

3.2 CLIMATIC CONDITION

Temperature

The climate in Braga is warm and temperate. Generally, there is huge amount of rainfall in summer. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is Cwb. This place faces less rainfall during winter. The average annual temperature in Braga is 6.8 degree Celsius1.

The warmest month of the year is June with an average temperature of 12.3 °C. The month with lowest average temperatures in the year is January with an average temperature is around -0.3 °C. As this region lies in mountainous region, most of the time this town faces snow fall in winter.

1 Source: climate-data.org



Figure 3-10: Average annual temperature of Braga, Manang (Source: climate-data.org)

Rainfall

Braga is one of the arid region in the country. The average annual rainfall in Braga is around 397 mm. Most of the precipitation in Braga occurs during monsoon season (June-September). The wettest month (with the highest average rainfall) is July (80 mm). The driest month (with the lowest average rainfall) is November (4 mm).

Figure 3-11: Average monthly rainfall of Braga (Source: climate-data.org)

-0.30.9

4.9

7.810

12.3 12.1 11.7 10.7

7.5

2.80.8

-6 -5

-10.8

3.3

6.87.9 7.5

6

1.5

-2.8-4.8

5.56.8

10.9

14.816.8 17.8

16.3 16 15.413.5

8.56.5

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Tem

pera

ture

(Cel

cius

)

Months

3125

38

24

14

27

80 77

43

25

49

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

PREC

IPIT

ATIO

N (M

M)

MONTHS



Table 3-3: Monthly maximum, minimum and average temperature and precipitation in Braga

Description Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual

Avg. Temperature -0.3 0.9 4.9 7.8 10 12.3 12.1 11.7 10.7 7.5 2.8 0.8 6.77

Min. Temperature -6 -5 -1 0.8 3.3 6.8 7.9 7.5 6 1.5 -2.8 -4.8 1.18

Max. Temperature 5.5 6.8 10.9 14.8 16.8 17.8 16.3 16 15.4 13.5 8.5 6.5 12.40

Precipitation 31 25 38 24 14 27 80 77 43 25 4 9 397

3.3 GEOLOGICAL AND GEOTECHNICAL STUDY

Nepal Himalaya is one of the important parts of entire Himalayan Range. In the entire length of 2,400 km of Himalayan Range, it is about 800 km long and occupies the central part (Figure 12). It is generally accepted that the youngest and highest peaks were formed by collision of the northward moving Indian continent with the Eurasian plate. Geologically, Nepal Himalaya is divided into five distinct morpho-geotectonic zones, which also correspond roughly to the geographical division of the country. From south to the north, they are:

1. Terai (Indo-Gangetic Plain) 2. Sub Himalayan or Churiya Range 3. Lesser Himalaya 4. Higher Himalaya 5. Tibetan Tethys Zone (Inner Himalaya)

Each of the zones is separated by major longitudinal thrust/fault. The Main Frontal Thrust (MFT) separates the Sub Himalaya from the Terai Zone, the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) separates the Lesser Himalaya and the Sub Himalaya, the Main Central Thrust (MCT) separates the Higher Himalaya form the Lesser Himalaya. Similarly, South Tibetan Detachment Fault System (STDS) separates the Tibetan Zone form the Higher Himalaya.

The Terai (Indo-Gangetic Plain) It is the northern fringe of Indo-Gangetic plain which lies to the south of Siwalik foot hills. It is composed of quaternary alluvial deposits represented by gravel, sand, silt and clay. It is believed that the Terai is slightly tilted towards south and southwest. Total thickness of this deposit is more than a kilometer.

Sub Himalaya or Churiya Range Siwalik range forms the southern part or outer belt of the Himalayan Range. Various terrigenous rocks such as shales, claystone, mudstone, sandstone, and conglomerates constitute the Siwalik Group. In general, gradual coarsening in upward direction is the characteristic of the rocks of the Siwalik Group. Based on various plant fossils evidences, age of this group is considered to be from Middle Miocene to Early Pleistocene.

The Lesser Himalaya It is confined within the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) in the south and Main Central Thrust (MCT) to the north. The rock units of this group are the most widely distributed rocks in Nepal. They form the Central



Midland Zone of the Himalaya range. It consists mostly of limestone, dolomite, shale, phyllite, schist, and quartzite. They form a thick pile (8-10 km thick) of unfossiliferous rocks. Stromatolite are the only known fossil evidence. Tentatively their age is given as Pre-Cambrian to Early Palaeozoic. Along the southern margin of the Midland, a thin belt of fossiliferous rock unit called Surkhet Group is present. Various coloured shales, sandstone and limestone of this group contain fossils. The ages range from Carboniferous to Miocene. Klippes of high-grade metamorphic rocks (with root zone lying to the north in the Higher Himalaya region) are present within this zone.

The Higher Himalaya It is confined within the Main Central Thrust (MCT) in the South and South Tibetan Detachment Fault System (STDS) to the north. Higher Himalayan rocks form the base of the Great Himalayan Mountain range. They are thought to be the basement rocks thrusted over the rocks of the Lesser Himalaya along the Main Central Thrust, with root zone lying somewhere north in Tibet. The Higher Himalaya is composed mostly of high-grade metamorphic rocks such as gneiss, calc-gneiss, migmatite, garnet schist, Kyanite-Siliminite schist, quartzite and marbles.

The Tethys Zone (The Inner Himalaya) This zone is bounded by South Tibetan Detachment Fault System (STDS) to the south and Tsangpo Suture Zone to the north. Mostly weakly metamorphosed or non-metamorphosed sedimentary rocks with fossils represent the zone. The main rock types are various coloured limestone, sandstone and shale. In general, a tendency of decrease in calcareous materials towards top is noticed. Fossil evidence show that their age ranges from Ordovician to Cretaceous. At places the rocks form NW-SE trending fold structures.

Structures Main Central Thrust (MCT), Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) and Main Frontal Thrust (MFT) are the major linear geological structures that run from east to west throughout Nepal and separate the geologically distinct lithological units. All these thrust structures dip towards north. These structures are successively younger toward south. Rocks of Higher Himalaya Group are characterized by monoclinal rocks dipping towards north, whereas, the central part of Nepal (Midland) is generally characterized by open fold of NW-SE trend. This part shows several thrust sheets and Klippen structures composed either of high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Higher Himalayan Group or different units of the Midland itself. Rocks of Siwalik and Tethys zone are characterized by open NW-SE trending folds and block faulting.



Figure 3-12: Physiographic Subdivision of the Himalayan Arc (after Gansser, 1964).

Figure 3-13: Generalized Geological Map of Nepal



3.4 REGIONAL GEOLOGY OF THE PROJECT AREA Manang Ngisyang Rural Municipality geologically lies in the higher Himalayan Zone in Western Nepal. The project area falls in except Crystalline Precambrian basement, granitic intrusions and associated high-grade metamorphic rocks in Dharapani and Chame areas, whole region of Manang is confirmed by Tetyan Paleozoic and Mesozoic low-grade meta-sedimentary rocks, mostly limestone and fine-grained clastic rocks.

Muscovite-Schorl-Garnet pegmatites are easily fougnd in Dharapani and Chame. Complex gem-bearing pegmatite dykes are noticed in Naje and Dharapani.

Figure 3-14: Project Area in Regional Geological Map of Nepal

3.5 LAND USE PATTERN AND LAND ACQUISITION

Land use

Manang Ngisyang Rural Municipality lies in Manang district which is also known as district beyond the Himalayas. Most of the area (about 85%) of the Rural Municipality is covered by Mountains, Cliff, Grassland and Pasture Land. Of 694.54 km² area covered by Manang Ngisyang Rural Municipality, about 5% of the total area is covered by Cultivable Land, 10% by Forest Area, 50% by grassland and Pasture Land and 35% by Cliff and Mountains.2

The land use map of Manang Ngisyang Rural Municipality is shown in the following Figure 15.

2 Source: official website of Manang Ngisyang Rural Municipality (manangngisyangmun.gov.np)



Figure 3-15: Land use Map of Manang Ngisyang Rural Municipality

Land Acquisition

Milarepa cave is about 4 km uphill from main settlement of Braga village. Most of the land around the project area are government land and only few are private land. The area in which the master plan has been developed completely lies on the government land. The details of the plot where the master plan has been planned to develop is depicted in the following Table 3-4.



Table 3-4: Land plot details of the Milarepa Cave Area

SN District VDC Ward No. Sheet No. Plot No. Land Ownership Area (R-A-D-P)

Remarks

1 Manang Braga 5 854 Government 694-3-0-0

3.6 EXISTING PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Transportation:

After the construction of Besisahar Chame Road, Manang district is connect to other parts of country via road network. The transportation facility is available from Besisahar to Braga village, however the condition of road is poor. Local vehicles like jeep/van is available from Besisahar of Lamjung to travel Manang. Materials required for daily uses are also transported via Besisahar Chame Road.

Furthermore, only local tails are available from Braga village to reach Milarepa Cave. Milarepa Cave is almost 5 km far (2-3 hours walking distance) from the village.

There is an existing airport at Humde in Manang which is about 4.5 km far from Braga village. Flights are available from Pokhara to Manang, however, no regular flights are scheduled.

Electricity:

The electricity facility is available in the Braga village and Milarepa Cave area. The electricity is provided from the micro hydropower project located near the Gangapurna Lake which is reliable and sufficient for the area. The electricity in Braga is used for lighting and other purpose like watching television, listening radio etc., however none of the household use electricity for cooking purpose.

Communication:

Landline phone is not available in the project area. However, GSM and CDMA based mobile phones provide good communication facilities in most of the part of Manang. CDMA mobile phones, Nepal Telecom and Ncell mobile communication are fairly available in Braga and Milarepa Cave area.

Water supply:

Several springs and small streams are observed in the vicinity of the project area which provide a reliable source of drinking water in the project area. Most of the households are facilitated with piped water that supplies water from these sources. Alternatively, spout water are used as other sources of drinking water.

Sanitation and Waste Disposal System

The overall drainage and sanitation system in settlements around the site are negligible and is poor. However, the abundant availability land presents the alternatives of on-site sanitation and water disposal system.

Most of the households do not have proper sanitation system and only few households (around 20%) have toilet facility in their homes. Huge quantity of solid waste materials are not generated in the villages and most of the solid waste disposed by burning.



3.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS

Manang is situated in the northern central part of Nepal. On the basis of the existing ecological variation of the different regions, the district is divided into three micro-eco zones: Nyesyang, Nar Phu and Gyasumdo. There are altogether six villages in Nyesyang, two villages in Nar Phu and twelve villages in Gyasumdo. The indigenous inhabitants in Nyesyang valley are called Nyesyanba, Mano Chhachhumthe or Manthe. The people of Nar Phu are called Narba or Narthe and the people of Gyasumdo are called Syarhte or Nasuthe. The current project lies in Nyesyang eco zone, in Braga village of Manang district.

The socio-economic structures of the three eco zones have many similarities and dissimilarities. Agriculture, animal husbandry and trade have played a significant role in forming the basic economic structure. In Nyesyang, men are traders and semi-agriculturists, Women are full time agriculturists, and animal husbandry is in the primary stage of development. At the very beginning, the Nyesyangba were probably pastoralist, then both pastoralist and agriculturist. Trade are probably in a primary stage of development a century ago. Nyesyang valley has a larger seasonal migration figure than Nar phu and Gyasumdo, and in the last two decades the duration of the migration period has increased.

The socioeconomic class is a group of people with similar characteristics that includes social and economic standing, demographic determinants, level of education, households’ facilities, and ethnic background. The socio-economic data of Manang district and Braga village is depicted in the following subheadings.

Demographics Determinants

3.7.1.1 Population and Average Household Size

The total population of Braga is 306 including 149 males and 157 females. There are 83 households with average household size of 3.69 and sex ratio of 94.90. The total population of Braga is around 5% of that of Manang district. The demographic characteristics of Manang and Braga is shown in the following Table 3-5.

Table 3-5: Total Population and average household of Manang district and Braga

V.D.C. / Municipality Household Population Average

Household Size Sex Ratio

Total Male Female

Braga Village 83 306 149 157 3.69 94.90

Manang District 1480 6538 3661 2877 4.42 127.25

3.7.1.2 Population by Religion

Buddhism and Hinduism are the main religions followed by the people of Manang. About 55% of the population of Manang follows Buddhism and 39% follow Hinduism. Only about 6% of the population follows other religions which includes Islam, Jain, Kirati, Christian and others. The total population of Manang by religion is shown in the following Table 3-6.



Table 3-6: Population of Manang by Religion

Religion Hindu Buddhist Islam Kirati Christian Jain Others

Total Population in nos. 2562 3606 4 1 93 2 270

% 39.19 55.15 0.06 0.02 1.42 0.03 4.13

3.7.1.3 Population by Caste and Ethnicity

Gurung is the most dominant caste with more than 50% of total population of Braga village. Ghale and Tamang are the next dominant caste in the village. The total population of Braga by Caste and Ethnicity is shown in the following Table 3-7.

Table 3-7: Total Population of Braga by Caste and Ethnicity

Caste/Ethnicity Total Male Female

All Caste 306 149 157

Gurung 158 74 84

Ghale 54 23 31

Tamang 30 16 14

Kami 27 13 14

Bhote 12 8 4

Others 25 15 10

Households

3.7.2.1 Households by home ownership

The houses in Braga village are traditionally constructed with stone/brick with mud. The roof of the houses are either made of mud or Galvanized Iron sheet.

About 60% of the total housing units in Braga are privately owned by the people residing there. There are two institutional houses and two housing units are rented. The following Table 3-8 and Figure 16 shows the status of ownership of the house in Braga.

Table 3-8: Households by house ownership in Braga Village

Total Ownership of house/housing unit

Owned Rented Institutional Others

83 49 2 3 29



Figure 3-16: Percentage of house ownership in Braga

3.7.2.2 Household Facilities

The major source of fuel is firewood collected from nearby forest. All of the households in Braga use firewood for cooking. Electricity is available in all houses and generally used for lighting and entertainment purpose.

The village is facilitated with piped water supply from nearby streams. More than 70% of the total household in Braga use tap/piped water as the main source of drinking water. Few household uses spout water for drinking and very few households use water directly from river/stream. The following Table 3-9 provides the status of source of drinking water in the area.

Table 3-9: Household by main source of drinking water

Total Household

Main source of drinking water

Tap/piped water

Tubewell / handpump

Covered well/kuwa

Uncovered well/kuwa

Spout water

River / stream

Others Not

Stated

83 59 0 0 0 22 2 0 0

The overall sanitation status of Braga is poor. More than 75% of the household do not have toilet in their house. About 17 households in the village have flush toilet and 2 households possess ordinary pit latrine. The following Table 3-10 and Figure 17 illustrates the status of source of availability of toilet facility in the area.

Table 3-10: Household by toilet facility

Total households

Households with toilet facility of

Households without toilet facility Flush toilet Ordinary toilet Toilet facility not stated

83 64 17 2 0

59%

2%

4%

35%

Owned Rented Institutional Others



Figure 3-17: Percentage of households with toilet facility

Education Status

3.7.3.1 Literacy Rate

The literacy rate of Braga is around 57% which is less than that of Manang District (about 75%). Only about 50% of total female population can read and write while more male population (about 63%) are literate. The literacy status of Manang district and Braga is illustrated in the following Table 3-11.

Table 3-11: Literacy status of Manang district and Braga

Population

Population aged 5 years &

above

Population who Literacy not

stated Literacy rate

(%) Can read & write

Can read only

Can't read & write

(MD) (B) (MD) (B) (MD) (B) (MD) (B) (MD) (B) (MD) (B)

Both Sex 6161 285 4611 163 41 4 1509 118 0 0 74.84 57.19

Male 3481 141 2890 90 21 1 570 50 0 0 83.02 63.83

Female 2680 144 1721 73 20 3 939 68 0 0 64.22 50.69

Note: MD stands for Manang District and B stands for Braga

77%

21%

2%0%

Households withouttoilet facility

Flush toilet

Ordinary toilet



Figure 3-18: Literacy status of Population of Braga

The status of population currently going to school for education purpose is shown in the following Table 3-12. The status shows that still 32% of population between ages of 5 to 25 are currently not going to school and are deprived from their right of education.

Table 3-12: School attending population (age group 5-25 years)

Population aged 5-25 years Population who are

Currently going to school Not currently going to school Attendance not stated

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

45 56 28 40 17 16 0 0

Economic Status

Agriculture, livestock farming, cottage industries, tourism and service industries are the main economic activities of Manang district. Agriculture is the major source of income in about 65.76% of the households. Most of the small and cottage industries work are related to the tourism sector. Flourishing tourism industry is one of the major reason behind the falling of poverty level in Manang district. Apart from that, many local people work as a carpenter, mason whereas few others, especially youths leave their village for foreign employment.

Table 3-13: Usual economic activity performed in Manang district

Total Population

Own Agriculture

Wage/ Salary

Earning

Own Non- Agricultural

Extended Economic

Seeking job

Household chores

Study None

of Activity

Not Stated

5001 2183 1167 1434 649 89 1217 1076 589 0

0102030405060708090

Can read & write Can read only Can't read &write

Literacy rate

Population who

90

1

50

63.8373

3

68

50.69

MaleFemale



Figure 3-19: Usual economic activity performed in Manang District

Out of total 5001 population above 10 years, around 70% of population are economically active population with employment while about 26% are economically inactive. The details of the economic activity performed is depicted in the following Table 3-14.

Table 3-14: Economic activity performed in Manang District

Total Population 10 yrs. and

above

Economically active Not

Economically Active

Economic Activity Not

Stated

Usually Active Not usually Active

Employment Unemployment

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

5001 1909 1551 20 4 98 104 583 732 0 0

The district is served by four different branches of ‘A’ Class Commercial banks, two branches of ‘B’ Class Development Bank. The population served per branch is 1,069 against the national average of 8,9603.

The poverty rate and poverty gap of Manang district is depicted in the following

Table 3-15: Poverty rate and poverty gap of Manang District

Prosperity Rank

Poverty Rate

Poverty Gap

Squared Poverty Gap

Head Count Index

59 36.9 (5.61) 9.89 (2) 3.82 (0.92) 2150

3 Source: Nepal Rastra Bank, July 2018

26%

14%

17%8%

1%

14%

13%7%0%

Occupation

Own Agriculture

Wage/Salary Earning

Own Non-Agricultural

Extended Economic

Seeking job

Household chores

Study

Non of Activity

Not Stated



4. SURVEY AND INVESTIGATION

4.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter basically describes the methodology adopted for the topographical survey works, field investigations carried out and procedure for the preparation of topographical map of Milarepa cave area.

The survey works were carried out with the objective of preparing topographical maps of the project area. The topographical features including land, buildings, temples, landmarks etc. were determined on the maps. The following works were carried out for the survey and mapping work:

I. Carrying out close traversing in the project area and establishment of control points.

II. Detailed topographical survey of the project area showing all the features, field terraces and with

details to draw accurate 1 m contour interval to produce map in 1:1,000 scale of the area. The

following information shall be depicted from the field in order to prepare accurate and informative

topographical maps:

All ground features/ land terrain in 1 m contour interval.

Buildings, Bridges, Foot track, Road etc.

Hydrography Features (River, Stream and Pond)

Utility Infrastructures (Electricity, Water Supply and Telephone Networks)

Other features if any

4.2 SCOPE OF WORKS

The scopes of the work to be carried out for the preparation of the topographical map are as follows:

Carryout detailed topographical survey of the project area

Prepare topographical map showing all topographic features like buildings, bridges, road,

stream and other features.

4.3 SURVEY METHODOLOGY

Reconnaissance Survey

A quick preliminary reconnaissance survey has been executed by an experienced surveyor. He visited and rapidly examined the whole survey area and identified the suitable locations for establishment of the control stations and bench marks. During site visits, the condition and usefulness of the identified ground control stations have been established. Issues such as accessibility to proposed survey stations, visibility, lengths of lines of sight, ground cover, need for cutting and clearing of vegetation, etc. have been studied during the visits to confirm the proposed survey plans.



After the finalization of the survey stations to be established, enamel paint has been used for the fixation of survey control stations from where the detail survey of the area can be carried out.

Survey Equipment

Angular measurements for horizontal survey have been performed with a repeating Total Stations with a minimum least count resolution of 1" (second). For distance measurements, an Electro-magnetic Distance Measuring (EDM) device has been used.

Here, in this project, a TOPCON Total Stations with the least count 1״ (second) has been employed.

Survey Team

The topographical Survey was carried out by a team of experienced team consisting of the following team members.

Table 4-1 : Survey Team

SN Name Designation

1 Mr. Pradip Magar Surveyor

2 Ms. Sahara K.C. Architect

3 Mr. Ram Sundar Shrestha Engineer

4 Mr. Ksehring Gurung Helper

Detail Topographic Survey

Since, the topographical maps of master plan area are to be prepared in 1:1,000 scale with 1 m contour interval. Keeping this in view, sufficient survey stations have been fixed during the stage of horizontal controlling.

For detail topographic survey, tachometric method of survey has been introduced. The X, Y and Z co-ordinates of every detail was recorded by the Total Stations instrument in the site.

After setting the instrument over a known survey station, the back sight was fixed on the prism reflector placed over a known point and then started taking details on the ground. The details include roads, footpath, houses, physical and man-made features, hydrographic features such as rivers, streams etc. All information mentioned in the scope has been depicted from the ground. A rough sketch of surveyed points has been maintained so that it might be useful while plotting of the maps.

The X, Y and Z Co-ordinates of every detail has been recorded and saved in the Total Stations and downloaded in the computer later. The further processing of all topographic data have been done in the computer and they have been prepared the plot file in AutoCAD format.

Table 4-2: List of Coordinates and Elevations of Benchmarks

S. N. Point Easting (m) Nothing (m) Elevation (m) Remarks

1. BM-1 210528.00 3171244.00 4088.00

2. BM-2 210535.08 3171329.85 4078.73

3. BM-3 210550.06 3171360.37 4078.83



Plotting and Preparation of Maps

After the completion of fieldwork, the digital data of details captured by Total Station instrument is downloaded and then followed the steps as given below:

Managing of data in proper location of the computer Plotting of maps Contour generation Editing of contours and other topographic details Symbolization of details Preparation of layouts and adding of marginal information Printing of maps Proofing Final printing

The plotting of the data from total station and generation of contours were done by using the SW DTM software and the topographic features were digitized and topographic map was prepared in digital form by using AutoCAD Software.



5. TOURISM POTENTIAL AND BENEFICIARIES ANALYSIS

5.1 TOURISM POTENTIAL

Tourism is one of the potential sectors for the economic development of Nepal. It becomes a major source of earning foreign currency. Expansion of tourism sector expands the employment and income generation opportunity. Year 2018 seems remarkable improvement in tourist arrivals. Nepal possess 8 out of 10 highest mountains in the world and there exist many other natural asset which has recognize Nepal as a hotspot destination for mountaineers, rock climbers and other many adventure tourist. Similarly, location of birth place of Lord Buddha, Pashupatinath, numerous World Heritage Sites, religious harmony, linguistic and cultural diversity and climatic and geographical variations of the country lure visitors worldwide.

Manang is the biggest village situated at an altitude of 3540 meters in the trans-Himalayan region of Nepal. Manang has been an essential base for trekkers and mountaineers exploring this area. Upon entering the Manang, there is a joyful, magical feelings. The tranquil beauty of this magnificent city lures tourists and adds some of the most cherished moment in your life. The warm hospitality will surely attract your attention and make you fall in love with this majestic village. The sound of silence, the subtle whistles of wind and eye popping view mountain ranges will make you to visit Manang again and again.

Upper Manang is a part of the Annapurna Circuit. Annapurna Circuit is one of the world's renowned trekking route. Tourism in Manang started with the opening of the district for tourism in 1977 (Watkins, 1996; Koirala, 1981). After opening of Upper Manang for trekking and thus, some of the entrepreneurs with their skill and funds accrued during external trades found an avenue to carry on hotel management and other tourism-related activities back in Upper Manang. Moreover, the government’s decision to include the entire district as part of the ACAP in 1984 further reinforced the prospect of tourism development in this area.

Tourism industry has flourished since then in Manang and arrival of visitors has increased year by year. The Tourist arrivals in Manang has increased by 22% in the year 2017 and 9% in the year 2018 compared to the previous year. The annual number of tourist visiting Manang compared to those visiting Nepal is depicted in the following Table 5-1. In 2018, total 11, 73,072 of tourist arrived in Nepal where higher proportion (60%) visited Nepal for holiday and pleasure followed by adventure including trekking & mountaineering (16%), pilgrimage (14.4%) and other purpose (9.6%)4.

Table 5-1: Annual number of Tourist visiting Nepal and Manang

SN Year Nepal Manang

No Annual Growth Rate No. Annual Growth Rate

1 1996 393613 8309

2 1997 421857 7.2 9083 9.3

3 1998 463684 9.9 10264 13.0

4 Source: Nepal Tourism Statistics 2018, Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation.



SN Year Nepal Manang

No Annual Growth Rate No. Annual Growth Rate

4 1999 491504 6.0 11234 9.5

5 2000 463646 -5.7 12777 13.7

6 2001 361237 -22.1 13920 8.9

7 2002 275468 -23.7 9841 -29.3

8 2003 338132 22.7 11136 13.2

9 2004 385297 13.9 10526 -5.5

10 2005 375398 -2.6 9590 -8.9

11 2006 383926 2.3 9360 -2.4

12 2007 526705 37.2 14191 51.6

13 2008 500277 -5.0 16911 19.2

14 2009 509956 1.9 17065 0.9

15 2010 602867 18.2 18075 5.9

16 2011 736215 22.1 19646 8.7

17 2012 803092 9.1 19499 -0.7

18 2013 797616 -0.7 21207 8.8

19 2014 790118 -0.9 20694 -2.4

20 2015 538970 -31.8 13615 -34.2

21 2016 753002 39.7 22108 62.4

22 2017 940218 24.9 27068 22.4

23 2018 1173072 24.8 29484 8.9

Figure 5-1: Annual number of tourist visiting Manang via Dharapani Check Post

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

Year

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

Annual No. of Tourist



5.2 REVENUE GENERATION

Revenue from tourism sector is observed from foreign currency exchange made by tourists and tourism industries as proxy of income. The revenue generation from tourism sector has increase each year. Nepal Rastra Bank report shows total foreign currency exchange (less return) for 2018 stood NRs. 69,750,584 thousand, (Around 617,263 thousand US$). This is almost 17% higher than previous year 2017 in USD. There is less increase in currency compare to tourist arrivals results decreased in per tourist per day expenditure at 44 USD which is 18% less than last year.

Gross Foreign Exchange Earnings from Tourism

Fiscal Year

Total Earnings (Net received)

NRs. (million) Annual Average

US$ (million) Exchange Rate

2000/01 11,717.00 158.7

2001/02 8,654.30 109.7

2002/03 11,747.70 151.0

2003/04 18,147.40 245.2

2004/05 10,464.00 71.76 132.1

2005/06 9,556.00 72.03 143.6

2006/07 10,125.00 70.19 286.9

2007/08 18,653.00 64.72 363.7

2008/09 27,960.00 76.58 377.5

2009/10 28,139.00 74.24 340.4

2010/11 24,611.00 72.07 379.0

2011/12 30,703.80 81.02 388.9

2012/13 34,210.60 87.96 472.2

2013/14 46,374.90 98.21 544.1

2014/15 53,428.80 99.49 392.7

2015/16 41,765.40 106.35 551.0

2016/17 58,526.90 106.21 642.9

2017/18 67,094.60 104.37 418.0

2018/19 47584.9 113.83 418.0

(Source: Nepal Rastra Bank)



Figure 5-2: Gross Foreign Currency Revenue Generation from tourism

5.3 TOURISM FLOW ANALYSIS

The analysis of tourist flows behavior can help to achieve the reasonable allocation of social resources for tourist area and respond effectively to the tourist destination traffic pressure, maintain social public security, etc. It helps to understand the demographic characteristics of tourist visitors and origin or nationality of tourists. The required data to explain all of these components, are collected from Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA) Check Post and Visitor information Center Dharapani Check post.

Tourist Nationality

5.3.1.1 International visitors

As per records available from Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA) Check Post and Visitor information Center Dharapani in Manang, tourists from 98 different countries visited Manang in 2018. German citizens ranked highest followed by French citizens. Top ten tourist visitors visited Manang via Dharapani Check Post in 2018 is presented in the following Table 5-2 and Figure 22.

Table 5-2: Top ten nationality visiting Manang via Dharapani Check Post

S. N Nationality Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Total

1 Germany 42 174 709 450 216 51 34 68 343 923 501 80 3591

2 French 21 59 308 514 226 49 30 84 171 1077 657 62 3258

3 Israel 1 2 321 698 114 1 1 15 555 553 165 2426

4 British 30 66 326 307 157 57 131 45 167 432 303 74 2095

5 American 24 53 266 341 260 82 69 40 145 413 268 61 2022

6 Spain 18 24 104 139 69 38 67 142 127 341 294 33 1396

-

10,000.00

20,000.00

30,000.00

40,000.00

50,000.00

60,000.00

70,000.00

80,000.00

Tota

l Ear

ning

s (N

Rs in

mill

ions

)

Fiscal Year



S. N Nationality Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Total

7 Australia 47 60 127 164 90 25 36 21 140 299 252 97 1358

8 Russia 9 27 153 377 146 15 6 20 36 337 198 10 1334

9 Dutch 28 54 155 205 93 19 26 20 63 322 193 58 1236

10 Chinese 62 108 115 126 23 17 19 25 215 228 117 54 1109

(Source: ACA Check post and Visitor Information Center Dharapani)

Figure 5-3: Top ten nationality visiting Manang via Dharapani Check Post

5.3.1.2 Domestic Visitors

Among 10,401 numbers of total domestic visitors, 5,143 numbers of Nepali guide, 5,057 numbers of Nepali porter and 201 numbers of Nepali Trekkers visited the area.

S. N Going to Route Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

1 Nepali Guide 114 150 588 874 322 107 130 143 647 1340 518 210 5143

2 Nepali Porter 54 95 529 898 254 72 92 73 604 1654 537 195 5057

3 Nepali Trekkers 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 6 0 191 0 201

Total 168 245 1117 1772 576 179 222 220 1257 2994 1246 405 10401

Demographic Characteristics of Tourist Visitors

The annual number of tourist visiting Manang via Dharapani Check Post from the year 1996 to 2018 is presented in the following Table 5-3. Europeans are the main tourists visiting in this area. Usually, tourists who complete the Annapurna Circuit spend two to three nights in Upper Manang. According to local hotel owners, visitors generally spend one night at Pisang and the remaining two nights at Manang village.

For the analysis of demographic characteristics of tourist, a 12 month’s records of tourist visitors passing through Dharapani Check Post from January to December of the year 2018 was taken.

35913258

24262095 2022

1396 1358 1334 1236 1109

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Nationality



Table 5-3: Comparative annual tourist data (1996-2018) visiting Manang via Dharapani Check Post

Year/ Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Change

No. %

1996 51 196 984 1216 355 60 66 129 637 2831 1548 236 8309 0 0

1997 39 162 1320 1104 361 58 102 166 773 3193 1649 156 9083 774 9.32

1998 46 239 1067 1414 495 69 121 165 928 3543 1923 254 10264 1181 13

1999 58 379 1469 1668 427 139 284 197 1150 3362 1841 260 11234 970 9.45

2000 120 307 1669 1126 179 132 293 247 1367 4334 2697 306 12777 1543 13.74

2001 176 484 1980 2453 731 74 181 207 1305 3832 2222 275 13920 1143 8.95

2002 79 294 1386 1476 433 88 177 107 777 3060 1660 304 9841 -4079 -29.3

2003 104 269 1552 1629 601 122 119 165 685 3504 2029 357 11136 1295 13.16

2004 112 313 1499 1771 423 65 109 183 650 3339 1810 252 10526 -610 -5.48

2005 93 89 1081 1038 394 107 104 172 859 3627 1720 306 9590 -936 -8.89

2006 137 177 1063 806 316 64 68 207 853 3627 1780 262 9360 -230 -2.4

2007 116 270 1485 2229 674 136 175 300 1249 4810 2339 408 14191 4831 51.61

2008 168 283 1906 2249 954 214 210 311 1606 5924 2713 373 16911 2720 19.17

2009 188 337 1993 2499 933 162 211 338 1821 5456 2661 466 17065 154 0.91

2010 258 341 1909 2534 748 199 369 436 1993 5985 2794 509 18075 1010 5.92

2011 247 412 2113 2808 1023 278 371 420 2099 5811 3560 504 19646 1571 8.69

2012 315 493 2195 2651 961 295 426 493 2462 5811 2848 549 19499 -147 -0.75

2013 280 573 2351 3201 1301 331 516 498 2522 5742 3117 775 21207 1708 8.76

2014 458 640 2550 3647 1434 413 536 567 2279 4517 2998 655 20694 -513 -2.42

2015 427 652 2212 2871 155 85 105 231 1101 3285 1967 524 13615 -7079 -34.21

2016 315 576 2398 3178 1464 383 406 602 2497 5792 3624 873 22108 8493 62.38

2017 459 843 3060 4473 1828 516 673 721 2620 6674 4338 863 27068 4960 22.44

2018 479 880 3798 5041 2085 527 618 702 2856 7163 4386 949 29484 2416 8.93



5.3.2.1 Gender Wise Distribution of Tourist

The gender distribution of tourist flow in Dharapani Check post in 2018 shows males dominating the total flow of tourists. Of the total 29,484 tourists’ records, 59.15 percent were male and 40.85 percent of female tourists. The numerical dominance of male over female in the tourist arrival remains almost the same thought the year.

Table 5-4: Distribution of tourists as per gender through Dharapani Check post in 2018

S. N

Gender Jan Feb

March April May

June

July

Aug Sept Oct Nov

Dec Total

1 Female 162

337 1584

2186 875 188 233 278

1112

2942

1801 345

12043

2 Male 317

543 2214

2855

1210 339 385 424

1744

4221

2585 604

17441

Total 479

880 3798

5041

2085 527 618 702

2856

7163

4386 949

29484

Figure 5-4: Distribution of tourists as per gender through Dharapani Check post in 2018

5.3.2.2 Seasonal variation of tourist flow

Seasonality is an important feature in mountainous region. There are mainly two tourist seasons, namely spring and autumn. In three months, March, April and May of spring season, total 37.1 percent of the total annual tourist visited Manang while 48.9 percent visitors visited Manang in autumn season i.e. September, October and November as per records collected from Dharapani Check post in 2018. Nearly 86 percent of the total visitors visited Manang in these two seasons. The total no of tourist visiting Manag in different months of the year 2018 is shown in the following

Table 5-5: Number of tourist visiting Manang in different months recorded in Dharapani Check Post in 2018

SN Months Number of visitors Percentage

1 January 479 1.62

2 February 880 2.98

3 March 3798 12.88

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Female Male




4 April 5041 17.10

5 May 2085 7.07

6 June 527 1.79

7 July 618 2.10

8 August 702 2.38

9 September 2856 9.69

10 October 7163 24.29

11 November 4386 14.88

12 December 949 3.22

Total 29484 100.00

Figure 5-5: Number of tourist visiting Manang in different months recorded in Dharapani Check Post in 2018

5.4 TOURISM PACKAGE ANALYSIS

Nepal’s natural beauty within various ecological zones and its rich cultural heritage have attracted large number of tourists annually from around the world. The Annapurna Region is one of the notable tourist destinations, especially for trekking tourists. The region lies in the north-western part of Nepal. Popularly known as the Annapurna Trekking Route (Annapurna Circuit) boasting/ comprising some of the world’s highest peaks of above 8,000 m elevation and the world’s deepest valley, the Kali Gandaki Valley, it has attracted trekkers from many countries since the late 1980s in particular and since the 1970s in general (see Ives, 2006). Ecologically, the region comprises two high mountain districts and three hill districts. The region has unique ecological and cultural diversity. Such features include diverse climates, i.e. subtropical to alpine and diverse landscapes supporting 22 different forest types with 1,140 plant species, 21 species of amphibians, 32 species of reptiles, 478 bird species and 101 different mammals (KMTNC, 1997). In addition, its cultural diversity is demonstrated in its accommodation of people of different castes and ethnic groups such as Brahman, Chhetri, Gurung, Magar, Thakali, Tibetan and many occupational groups plus their own cultural and religious patterns and expressions. Moreover, the Annapurna Region has also been noted for its innovative work as early as in the 1980s

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

Nos

. of v

isito

rs

Month



in terms of participation of local community in activities and decision- making regarding tourism activities (see Sharma, 1989).

Number of tourists by purpose of visit is a major indicator for tourism sector output. This indicator is very useful for evaluation of characteristics, type and economic and social contributions made by tourists and to plan and manage infrastructure, services and market economy accordingly. It also shows inflow of high value tourists. According to Nepal Tourism Statistics 2018, a total of 11,73,072 of tourist arrived in Nepal where higher proportion (60%) visited Nepal for holiday and pleasure followed by adventure including trekking & mountaineering (16%), pilgrimage (14.4%) and other purpose (9.6%).

Table 5-6: No of Tourist by purpose of visit

Purpose of Visit Total number of visitors Percentage

Holiday/Pleasure 703,843.00 60.00

Pilgrimage 187,692.00 16.00

Trekking & Mountaineering 169,180.00 14.42

Others 112,357.00 9.58

Total 1,173,072.00

(Source: Nepal Tourism Statistics 2018, Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation.)

The project site is located in Annapurna trekking route. Most of the visitors have purpose of adventurous trekking and mountaineering, catching pleasing view of natural beauty and landscaping of Manang, while few other visitors visit for cultural, religious and holiday purpose. As per records from Dharapani Check Post, about 81 percent of the visitors chose the Annapurna Trekking Route and 15.76 percent took Jeep for reaching their destination while 2.7 percent of visitors visited Nar/Phu and about 0.52 percent visit Manaslu from Dharapani Check post in 2018. The monthly variation of tourist visiting Manang via different routes for different purposes are presented in the following Table 5-7.

Table 5-7: Monthly number of tourist visiting different route in Manang via Dharapani Check Post

S. N Route Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Total

1 Annapurna Trekking Route

377 713 3213 4154 1687 328 445 460 2194 5700 3866 747 23884

2 Manaslu 4 4 24 68 22 17 2 14 155

3 Nar/Phu 6 0 65 97 42 37 26 36 83 334 62 10 798

4 Jeep 92 163 496 722 334 145 145 192 579 1129 458 192 4647

TOTAL 479 880 3798 5041 2085 527 618 702 2856 7163 4386 949 29484

(Source: Dharapani Check Post 2018)



Figure 5-6: Monthly number of tourist visiting different route in Manang via Dharapani Check Post

The visitors generally took tour package for visiting Upper Manang for adventurous trekking and mountaineering. The tour package follows Annapurna Trekking route starting from Besisahar via Besisahar-Dharapani-Chame-Pisang-Manang_Ledar-Thorung Phedi- Thorung La Pass-Muktinath-Jomsom-Pokhara.

Figure 5-7: Annapurna Circut Treaking Route

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Annapurna TrekkingRoute

Manaslu Nar/phoo Jeep



As Milarepa Cave has been developed as one of the major touristic hub which is located in the Annapurna Circuit Trek Route, a new tour package has been proposed by including proposed Milarepa Cave area for visiting.

Table 5-8: Tour Package of Annapurna Circuit Trek (including proposed Milarepa Cave area)

Days Route Main Features

Day 1 Kathmandu to Besi Sahar 172 km, 8 hrs drive through Prithvi Highway to reach from Kathmandu to Besi Sahar.

Day 2 Trek from Syange to Dharapani

Crossing Marsyangdi River, move towards Tal, from Tal desend following the east bank of river to reach Karte and ascend to Dharapani. Enter east-west Manang valley and reach Bagarchhap.

Day 3 Trek from Dharapani to Chame

The trail ascends through forrest to Danakyu, crossing landslides areas and ascend to Lata Manang, reach Kothe that is surrounded by huge pine and spruce trees then trek to Chame by viewing Mt. Annapurna II, Mt. Annapurna IV and Lamjung.

Day 4 Trek from Chame to Pisang

Trek through pine forest and big apple orchard, trail present views of Mt. Pisang, Mt Himalchuli and Ngadi Chuli, continuing ahead along Marsyangdi river then reach to Pisang.

Day 5 Trek from Pisang to Bhraka

The route will ascend with wonderful views of Tilicho peak and Manang valley to reach Manang airstrip at Humde, cross Marsyangdi river and trek towards Munchi then move towards Bhraka which is a Tibetan influenced village then arrive at Manang.

Day 6 Stay in Bhraka- Milarepa cave (proposed master plan site)

The proposed project site is located at Milarepa cave area which is about 3-4 km from Bhraka village. The proposed site includes Meditation hall, confectionary block, dinning hall, Gompa, landscaping, existing statue of Milarepa, meditation cave, holy spring, bow hanging on the cliff, foot print 1km long foot trail, view tower, etc., stay in Milarepa.

Day 7

Trek from Bhraka- Milarepa cave (proposed site) to Manang and acclimatization day in Manang

Trek from Milarepa (proposed site) to Manang, Climb the ridge to north of village then desend to see Glacier lake at the foot of massive ice-fall from Gangapurna, returning back to manang village.

Day 8 Trek from Manang to Ledar

After crossing a stream ascend to Tengi and continue ascending to get out of Marsyangdi Valley and reaches Ghunsang, cross a large stream to reach Yak Kharka, walk for an hour ro reach Lehar.

Day 9 Trek from Ledar to Thorung Phedi

Trail ascends along east bank of jar Sang khola then decend and cross a bridge and descend to reach Thorung Phedi, along the ascent glorious views of Annapurna and Manaslu ranges.

Day 10

Trek from Thorung Phedi to Thorung La Pass to Muktinath

Steep and rocky trail to reach Thorung la Pass, the highest spot of this trek, beautiful views of landscapes and mounains, desend steeply to reach Chabarbu then cross a meadow and trek towards Muktinath.

Day 11

Trek from Muktinath to Jomsom

Desend to Jharkot and further to Khingar, trekking towards Jomsom following beautiful Kali Gandaki River, after reaching Jomsom enjoy the apple brandy 'Marpha'.

Day 12

Fly from Jomsom to Pokhara Fly to Pokhara from Jomsom (20 min).



Visiting Season

Seasonality is an important feature in mountainous region. The main trekking season is from September to April, due to appropriate climate, clear visibility of the mountains and no rains. More tourists visit Nepal during this period.

When the monthly tourist arrivals are compared for 1996 to 2018, the heavy concentration on September, October and December was alleviated along with the months of March, April and May. Similarly, the arrivals in the months of January and February were gaining ground. This analysis of the seasonal variation of the tourist flow shows that tourist mainly visit Manang in two season. The highest concentration of tourist being in autumn season (September to November) followed by spring (March to May).

Out of total 29,484 tourist visiting Manang in 2018, about 37 percent visited in spring season while 49 percent visitors visited Manang in autumn season (i.e. September, October and November) as per records collected from Dharapani Check Post. Nearly 86 percent of the total visitors visited Manang in these two seasons. The total no of tourist visiting Manag in different months of the year 2018 is shown in the followingTable 5-5.

Table 5-9: Number of tourist visiting Manang in different months recorded in Dharapani Check Post in 2018


1 January 479 1.62

2 February 880 2.98

3 March 3798 12.88

4 April 5041 17.10

5 May 2085 7.07

6 June 527 1.79

7 July 618 2.10

8 August 702 2.38

9 September 2856 9.69

10 October 7163 24.29

11 November 4386 14.88

12 December 949 3.22

Total 29484 100.00



Figure 5-8: Number of tourist visiting Manang in different months recorded in Dharapani Check Post in 2018

Nature Culture and Adventure Weighting

The project site area is located in natural beauty of Manang landscape, from where Annapurna Range Mountain view, vernacular architecture of Upper Manang valley, Glacier and majestic Landscaping can be observed. Yearly, large number of tourist visit Manang for viewing this natural beauty. The proposed project area shall also add the aesthetic view of the area.

Moreover, the proposed project site carries important religious and cultural values of people living in Manang. The main attraction of the area is the story of the Yogi named Milarepa who meditated in 11th century, hanging bow of the hunter, holy spring water, foot print of Milarepa and the cultural values and festivals of the local community.

The project site is located along the Annapurna Trekking Route so the tour becomes more adventurous. The visitors shall walk through the foot trail of distance about 4 km from Braga village to Milarepa cave (proposed site). Within the project area, another 1 km of exciting foot trail (proposed) trek to visit bow hanging cliff, view tower and meditation caves.

Thus, the project area is the mix up of all three components, Nature, Culture and Adventure. The visitors can catch the view of natural beauty along with cultural and religious values as well as adventurous trekking.

Beneficiaries Analysis

Beneficiaries' analysis is a highly effective framework for planning and promoting services because it emphasizes that there are both direct and indirect benefits to the community. It is a qualitative research tool used to improve the impact of development operations by gaining the views of intended beneficiaries regarding a planned or ongoing intervention. The objective of beneficiaries’ analysis is to assess the value of an activity as perceived by project beneficiaries and to integrate findings into project activities.

As the project site is situated along the Annapurna Trekking route, there will be large number of visitors who will visit the proposed site. The proposed Milarepa Cave Masterplan site is located at Braga village in Manang district. Due to its natural beauty, location along Annapurna Trekking route and cultural and

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

Nos

. of v

isito

rs

Month



religious importance, it is expected that many international and domestic visitors will visit the site area. The main targeted visitors’ group at the project site is Annapurna route trekkers and mountaineers, pilgrimage and domestic/foreigner with the purpose of spending holiday and pleasure.

Tourism has direct, indirect and induced impacts on local economy, which can often be largely divergent between countries, based on the structure of the sector but most importantly on how well linked tourism activities are with the local economy.

Table 5-10: Components of Direct, Indirect & induced tourism contribution to GDP

Direct Contribution of Tourism

Industries Accommodation services, Food & Beverage services, Retail trade, Transportation services, Cultural & recreational services

Commodities Accommodation, transportation, Entertainment, Attractions

Source of Spending Resident's Domestic Spending, Business Domestic Travel Spending, Visitor Exports, Individual Government Tourism & Travel Spending

Indirect Contribution of Tourism Private tourism investment spending, Government collective tourism spending, impact of purchase from suppliers

Induced Contribution of Tourism Food & beverages, Recreation, Clothing, Housing, Household goods

(Source: WTTC 2012)

Table 5-10 above shows different components of the direct, indirect and induced impacts of tourism on local economy. The table highlights the different activities that are undertaken at the three levels of impacts i.e. direct impacts will be accrued through the activities of accommodation or tourism transport services, indirect contributions through expenditure on food and beverage suppliers to tourism enterprises, whilst induced impacts will be the expenses of people working in the tourism sector (or benefitting from the sector) within the local economy.

While visiting the proposed master plan area, the local people and local government can get direct and indirect benefits from the visitors or tourism sector. Apart from that, nearby villages as well as the whole nation will get an opportunity to increase an economy that helps to increase Gross Domestic Products (GDP) of the nation. The beneficiaries may categories as Direct and Indirect benefits. The possible direct and indirect beneficiaries of the proposed master plan project is described as follows:

5.4.3.1 Direct Beneficiaries

Direct benefit is a return that can be directly observed and is easily quantified that includes transportation, lodging and fooding expenses during travelling period, ticket counter fee, souvenir fee, accommodation and dining facilities expenses, and all other miscellaneous expenses done by the foreigners as well as domestic visitors at the proposed project site.

5.4.3.2 Indirect Beneficiaries

An indirect benefit is a return that cannot be directly observed but is nonetheless realized and is not easily computed that includes social benefits (such as contribution to community pride and identity, stronger social networks and community connectedness), income generation in local community (that includes porter charge, employment generation), improvement, increased property values, etc.), revenue generation, increase in cultural and natural values of the area.



6. STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF THE MASTER PLAN PROJECT

6.1 COMPONENT OF MASTER PLAN

As per the site visit, the requirements of the locals were discussed and considered. The requirements for the Conceptual Master planning in Milarepa Cave includes:

1. Shrine/Gumba 2. Accommodation or Dormitory Block 3. Confectionary or Dining Block 4. Meditation Block 5. Zen Garden 6. Main Entrance Gate 7. Milarepa Statue (Proposed) 8. Balance Field 9. Chaityas 10. Mediation Cave 11. Milrarepa Statue (Existing) 12. Trail 13. View Tower



Figure 6-1 Proposed master plan of Milarepa Cave with proposed components



6.2 GENERALIZATION OF SPACE AND REQUIREMENT:

• As per Local requirement, the entrance of the Gumba is oriented toward the south direction to prevent the interior of the Gumba from harsh wind.

• The space for gallery and dining hall holds capacity for 80 pupil at max. • The dormitories is design to hold capacity of one main lama and 12-vistor/meditation

practitioner. • The Meditation hall is design for meditation Lamas and other meditator. The capacity

of this hall is of 90 pupil at maximum.

6.3 GENERALIZATION OF DESIGN CONCEPT:

The main design concept is to lead the people towards the Gumba at first and other programs through the Gumba. In design, emphasis is given to make the Milarepa Statue visible from the trail below through the gate as one approaches towards the Gumba.

6.4 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT COMPONENTS

The various components designed in the preparation of master plan is described in the subsequent chapters.

Shrine/Gumba

The Milarepa cave carry an important religious value for Buddhist community. Therefore, a Buddhist monastery for praying, Pooja and sadhana is incorporated in master plan design. In design, a central hall for prayer which contain Murti or Thanka and Ben Thanka and benches for the monks for praying and meditation. The area covered is 211 sqm.

Figure 6-2: Plan and 3D view of Gumba

Accommodation or Dormitory Block

The design of the block is inspired by the vernacular architecture of Manang. Dormitory Block is design for resting and sleeping of lama and visitors who arrived at Gumba. The block is designed with 6 rooms with capacity for 17 visitors/mediation practitioner and one main room for lama/monk. The area occupied by the Dormitory block is 142 sq.m.



Confectionary and Dining Block

The design of the blocks is inspired by vernacular architecture of Manang. This block contains the space for gallery, dining hall and terrace. The blocks hold the maximum capacity of 80 number of visitors/mediation practitioner. The area covered by the dining block is 142 sq.m.

Figure 6-4 Plan and 3D view of Dining Block

Meditation Block

The meditation hall carries a pyramidal shaped roof over space truss held by 2.7 m high wall and columns with four doors. The reason for providing four doors at four cardinal direction has to do with concentration of energy in the space. It is very vital to provide sky lighting for the serene environment. The tinted windows will have glass paintings of different goddess, dharma chakra, Buddha, Tantric god etc. The paintings will be based on different forms of teachings of Buddha.

The meditation hall can be accessed from other three blocks. The meditation block opens to outdoor prayer wheel creating a beautiful and peaceful setting. The area covered by Meditational Block is 177 sq.m.

Figure 6-3 Plan and Elevation of Dormitory Block



Figure 6-5: Plan and 3D view of Meditation Block

Zen Garden

Zen garden is an interesting and deeply spiritual aspect of Japanese gardening traditions. The proposed Zen Garden in this master plan is typical Zen garden consisting of an enclosed and shallow sand box of sorts, which features predominantly sand or gravel with rocks of various shapes and sizes. The rocks and sand (or gravel) is the chief elements of the garden, which generally creates the scene of islands in the sea.

Figure 6-6: Zen Garden

Main Entrance Gate

Inspired by the combination of Tori gate of Japan in terms of proportion added with Tibetan elements in order to synchronize with vernacular architectural of Manang, the main entrance gate has been designed.

Figure 6-7: 3D and Front View of Entrance Gate



Milarepa Statue (Proposed)

The proposed Milarepa statue is a prototype of the existing, Milarepa statue. The existing Milarepa statue is in difficult terrain. The main reason of this statue in the design is to give the visitors the glimpse of the Milarepa and his story from the entrance.

Balanced Field

The word balance means the arrangement of stability. In this master plan, balance field is created in central yard from the mediation cave in which the stone of different shape are stacked in balance condition as in the figure below. It reflect balance and wellness of human mind and body.

In spiritual practice, the stacking of stones claims ordinary moments of life for God and invites those who pass by to notice the holy ground on which they already stand.

Chaityas

Chaityas refers to a space with a stupa and a rounded apse that reflects Buddhist religion. Chaitays as sacred place in this master plan is a reflection of Buddhist religion.

Figure 6-10: 3D View of Chaitya

Figure 6-8: Proposed Statue of Milarepa

Figure 6-9: Balance concept



Figure 6-11:3D view of Chaitya

Milarepa Statue (Existing)

Milarepa was an 11th century hermit who lived in the Himalayan Valley along Nepal and Tibet border. The statue reflects that Milarepa's deep compassion for the wildlife and love and harmony between man and nature in the Himalayas.

Foot Trail

The foot trail is proposed which leads towards the existing Milarepa Statue and Bow of the hunter in the Rocks above. The foot trail will provide the tourists with a magical experience of trekking. In between the vertical trail, small caves are designed where the tourists can meditate while enjoying the view and beauty of the place.

View Tower

The View tower is proposed so that the overall views of the Manang valley and the mountains in the North can be seen from the Milarepa Cave Hill.

Meditational caves

Inspired by Milarepa Cave itself, the Meditational caves are conceptualized as an individual cave where visitors can meditate calmly and peacefully in a small cave of size 2 m X 2.5 m. The meditators can even enjoy the view of overall site. As one approaches towards the site they first see the scattered Milarepa caves and after that they are oriented towards the proposed buildings.

Figure 6-12: Existing Milarepa Statue



Figure 6-13: Existing Site for Meditational Caves

Figure 6-14: Proposed Meditational Caves



Figure 6-15 Top View of the Site

Figure 6-16 Proposed Master Plan

Proposed Site of Milarepa Cave



Figure 6-17: Existing Perspective View of Site

Figure 6-18 Proposed 3D Perspestive View



Figure 6-19 Existing Perspective view of Site

Figure 6-20 Proposed 3D Perspective view



Figure 6-21 Existing Site Perspective View

Figure 6-22 Proposed 3D Perspective View



Figure 6-23 Existing Site Perspective View

Figure 6-24 Proposed 3D Perspective View



7. PROJECT COST ESTIMATE

7.1 QUANTITY ESTIMATES

After completion of design and preparation of drawings and in consideration to the technical specifications, bill of quantities are prepared wherein items of work are identified and corresponding quantities are computed and recorded. The quantities of different structures proposed are determined based on the design and drawings prepared. Similarly, provision for miscellaneous cost and contingencies is detailed out.

7.2 RATE ANALYSIS

The preliminary work to be carried out for the determination of the project cost is to prepare the unit rate of various items required for the construction. During the calculation of unit rates, 3-major components were considered. These include:

i. Labor Cost ii. Material Cost and

iii. Equipment Cost

The unit rate of all items of work are prepared as realistically as possible, taking into account the expected hauling distance of various structural materials required during construction. The prices of materials like cement, steel, stone, etc. and labor are based on market rates or approved District Rates for FY 2075/76. Analysis of rates for various items of work are prepared keeping in view all the above mentioned factors based on unit rate derived from Rate Analysis Norm of the government or current rates of similar works in Nepal. Sometimes historic data are used with appropriate escalation factors to estimate unit rates applicable at the expected start date of construction. With the unit costs derived as explained above and the quantities developed by estimation, the project base costs is worked out. Detailed quantity estimate together with rate analysis and cost estimate has been included in the annex.

7.3 COST ESTIMATE

In order to calculate the total project cost, quantities of various individual components were multiplied with the calculated unit rates from the rate analysis as mentioned in the previous chapter. The total cost of individual items of work were then summed up to obtain the total project cost. The expected total cost of the project is NRs. 95,158,812.61 including contingencies and VAT. The summary of total cost of the project is presented in the following Table 7-1.

Table 7-1: Summary of the project cost of Milarepa Cave

S. No. Description of Works Estimated Cost

1 Gate and Surrounding Trail 1,624,242.62 2 Dining Building 7,924,854.41 3 Dormitory Building 8,367,993.56 4 Mediation Hall 6,830,299.45 5 Retaining Structures and Steps 26,209,323.98 6 Gompa 7,965,830.25 7 Meditation Cave 827,223.71



S. No. Description of Works Estimated Cost

8 Landscaping works 2,222,250.00 9 Foot Trail towards Milarepa Statue 7,200,000.00 10 View Tower 4,042,500.00

Sub Total of Civil works 73,214,517.99

9 Services 5,857,161.44 a. Electrical Services 2,196,435.54 b. Sanitary Services 3,660,725.90

Sub Total (Nrs.) 79,071,679.43

Miscellaneous works 1,186,075.19

Contingency 3,953,583.97

VAT 13% 10,947,474.02

Grand Total 95,158,812.61

In words: Nine Crore Fifty-one lakh eight thousand eight hundred and twelve rupees only.



8. FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENT, REVENUE GENERATION AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

8.1 FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENT OF PROJECT

Project finance is the long-term financing of infrastructure and projects based upon the projected cash flows of the project rather than the balance sheets of its sponsors. Usually, a project financing structure involves a number of equity investors, banks or other lending institutions that provide loans to the operation.

Financial arrangement of the project is basic for development of the project. The study project “Master Plan for the Tourism Development of Milarepa Cave” is project under the Government of the Nepal, Ministry of Tourism, Gandkai Province, 4. So, the total investment will be financed from the same authority. However, in course of project development there is possibility of fund collection from local people, international donor and other funding organization. Thus, two separate funding mechanism has been proposed based on present and future scenario. The chart below shows the present and future financial arrangement for the project.

Table 8-1: Proposed financial arrangement for the project

Financial Arrangement Proposed at Present Proposed for Future

Total Cost (including 13% VAT) 95,158,812.61 100% 95,158,812.61 100%

Government fund 95,158,812.61 100% 76,127,050.09 80%

Equity - 0% 9,515,881.26 10%

Donation - 0% 9,515,881.26 10%

Figure 8-1: Proposed financial arrangement for the project

8.2 REVENUE GENERATION The purpose masterplan is mainly focused on tourism development of the Milarepa Cave area. The Milarepa cave which carry religious and cultural values of Manang, is located in Braga village along the Annapurna Trekking Circuit. Annapurna Trekking Circuit is one of the world's famous tourism attraction of Nepal and is travelled by a lot of international and domestic tourist. A brief revenue generation plan is prepared based on expected tourist arrival at the cave area after its development. The figure of

100%

0% 0%

80%

10%

10%

G O V E R N M E N T F U N D E Q U I T Y D O N A T I O N

Proposed at Present Proposed for Future

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loan



expected tourist arrival considered in this study is based on the tourist arrival data collected from Dharapani Check Post of Manang district. The calculated net annual incremental benefit is NRs 29,178,579.92. The sources of the revenue after the development of the project are described below.

Employment Generation

After commissioning of the project, a lot of employment opportunity will be created for the people living in the project area. Job will be created directly through souvenir sales, ticketing office, dining and cafeteria, management unit, hospitality services for accommodation, meditation hall, etc.

Foreign Exchange Earnings

Generation of foreign exchange earnings plays an important indicator for the revenue generation. After development of the project, large number of foreigner tourist is expected to visit the site which will increase the collection of foreign currency.

Contribution to Local Economics

Once the project is opened for tourist, money is earned from tourism through informal employment (informal guides, portal, hotel and sales of other local goods). The positive side of informal employment is that the money is returned to the local economy and has a great multiplier effect as it is spent repeatedly.

Contribution to Government Revenue

The commissioning of the project will bring both direct and indirect revenue in the project area. Direct contribution are generated by the taxes in the income from tourism employment and tourism businesses and direct levies on tourist such as departure taxes.

Indirect contribution come from taxes and duties levied on goods and services supplied to the tourist.

Stimulation of Infrastructure Investment

Tourism can induce the local government to make infrastructure improvements such as better water and sewage systems, roads, electricity, telephone and public transport networks. This can improve the quality of life for residents as well as facilitate tourism industry.

8.3 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

8.3.1.1 Basis of economic Analysis

Economic analysis of Milarepa Cave Master Plan Project is carried out based on the incremental benefit, which will be earned by proposed project. The economic life of the project is taken as 25-years. The construction works are planned to be completed within 3 years. Average Operation and Maintenance cost of the project is considered 3% of total project cost/year.

In the economic analysis, a distinction is made between financial and economic prices. The financial prices refers to the actual prices as they occur in the market and as paid or received by individual and companies, where the latter refers to the values which reflects the real value of an input or output to the national economy. Financial prices of goods and service are usually converted to the economic value by using conversion factors, taking account of the distortions to the price system within the national economy.



8.3.1.2 Assumption

The economic analysis of the project is based on the following assumptions.

• The economic analysis for the project has been carried on the cost of the project without contingency and VAT.

• Project life has been taken as 25 years including construction period. • All input and output have been evaluated based on the fiscal 2075/2076. • The Project would start giving revenue immediately after the completion of the construction works,

the annual benefit obtained increasing in the successive years until full benefit is realized at the end of the three year from completion.

• It has been assumed that the project will be completed in three successive years; the cash flows in these years will be distributed by 40%, 20% and 40% respectively.

• Cost expenditure for Operation and Maintenance of the project will be started one year after the Project completion. Average Operation and Maintenance cost of the project is assumed to be 3% of total project cost.

• The salvage value at the end of the Project life is assumed as zero.

8.3.1.3 Result of Economic Analysis

The economic analysis of Milarepa Cave Master Plan Project has been carried for discount rate of 12% and 14%. The values of EIRR obtained is 23 % and BC ratio of the project obtained is 2.03 and 1.75 at 12% and 14% discount rate.

The result of economic analysis show that BC ratio of the project is greater than 1 for both discount rates and EIRR for the project is greater than the discount rate. Hence the project is attractive and good for investment. The results of the economic analysis is presented in the Table 8-2 below.



Table 8-2: Economic Analysis of the project Name of Project: Masterplan of Tourism Development in Milarepa Cave Project, Manang Assumptions

District: Manang, Braga village Life of protection work is 25 years.

Total of cost 80,000,771.66 NRs Benefit 40% in 1st year, 60% in 2nd year and 100% thereafter Benefit (after deducting expenditure) : 29,178,579.92 NRs O & M is 2% for 1st 2 years and 1% thereafter Construction cost- 40% for 1st, 20% in 2nd year and 40% for 3rd year.

Year

Capital cost NRs

O & M cost NRs

Total cost NRs

Incremental return

NRs

Net Return NRs

Present Value

of cost at 12% (NRs)

Present Value of benefit at

12% NRs

Present Value

of cost at 14% (NRs)

Present Value of benefit at

14% NRs

Cash flow NRs

1 32000308.

0.00 32000308.6

0.00 -

28571704.16 0.00 28070446.20 0.00 -32000308.66 2 16000154.

0.00 16000154.3

0.00 -

12755225.07 0.00 12311599.21 0.00 -16000154.33

3 32000308.

0.00 32000308.6

0.00 -

22777187.63 0.00 21599296.86 0.00 -32000308.66 4 1600015.43 1600015.43 11671431.97 10071416.54 1016838.73 7417406.02 947337.58 6910424.68 10071416.54 5 1600015.43 1600015.43 17507147.95 15907132.52 907891.73 9934025.92 830997.88 9092664.05 15907132.52 6 800007.72 800007.72 29178579.92 28378572.20 405308.81 14782776.66 364472.75 13293368.49 28378572.20 7 800007.72 800007.72 29178579.92 28378572.20 361882.86 13198907.73 319712.94 11660849.55 28378572.20 8 800007.72 800007.72 29178579.92 28378572.20 323109.70 11784739.05 280449.95 10228815.40 28378572.20 9 800007.72 800007.72 29178579.92 28378572.20 288490.80 10522088.43 246008.73 8972645.09 28378572.20 10 800007.72 800007.72 29178579.92 28378572.20 257581.07 9394721.82 215797.13 7870741.30 28378572.20 11 800007.72 800007.72 29178579.92 28378572.20 229983.10 8388144.48 189295.73 6904159.04 28378572.20 12 800007.72 800007.72 29178579.92 28378572.20 205342.06 7489414.71 166048.88 6056279.86 28378572.20 13 800007.72 800007.72 29178579.92 28378572.20 183341.12 6686977.42 145656.92 5312526.19 28378572.20 14 800007.72 800007.72 29178579.92 28378572.20 163697.43 5970515.56 127769.22 4660110.69 28378572.20 15 800007.72 800007.72 29178579.92 28378572.20 146158.42 5330817.46 112078.27 4087816.40 28378572.20 16 800007.72 800007.72 29178579.92 28378572.20 130498.59 4759658.45 98314.27 3585803.86 28378572.20 17 800007.72 800007.72 29178579.92 28378572.20 116516.60 4249695.04 86240.59 3145441.98 28378572.20 18 800007.72 800007.72 29178579.92 28378572.20 104032.68 3794370.57 75649.64 2759159.63 28378572.20 19 800007.72 800007.72 29178579.92 28378572.20 92886.32 3387830.87 66359.33 2420315.47 28378572.20 20 800007.72 800007.72 29178579.92 28378572.20 82934.21 3024848.99 58209.94 2123083.74 28378572.20 21 800007.72 800007.72 29178579.92 28378572.20 74048.40 2700758.03 51061.35 1862354.16 28378572.20 22 800007.72 800007.72 29178579.92 28378572.20 66114.65 2411391.10 44790.66 1633644.00 28378572.20 23 800007.72 800007.72 29178579.92 28378572.20 59030.93 2153027.76 39290.05 1433021.05 28378572.20 24 800007.72 800007.72 29178579.92 28378572.20 52706.19 1922346.22 34464.96 1257036.01 28378572.20 25 800007.72 800007.72 29178579.92 28378572.20 47059.10 1716380.55 30232.42 1102663.17 28378572.20

Total 69419570.36 141020842.83 66511581.44 116372923.82 513549221.4 BCR at 12% = 2.03

BCR at 14% = 1.75

EIRR = 23%



9. PROJECT DEVELOPMENT STAGES

The implementation program for proposed masterplan is carried out by following Implementation Schedule. Implementation program can be divided into three major stages.

9.1 PLANNING STAGE

Various activities are carried out during this stage. Table 9-1 below depicts the list of activities and its allocated time. The first task to be carried out is desk level study. During desk study, review of the existing document related to project, relevant data collection, program formulation and conceptual planning is carried out prior to site visit. The field visit and topographical survey of the area is carried out. During the field visit, a general meeting with Rural Municipality personnel and local people is also conducted for their view and need regarding the project. After returning from the site, technical study along with socio-economic study and tourism potential analysis is conducted and draft master plan is prepared. The prepared draft report is submitted to the Ministry of Industry, Tourism, Forest, and Environment. After incorporating comment and suggestion, a final master plan report is prepared and submitted to authority.

9.2 CONSTRUCTION PREPARATION STAGE

Preparatory work is needed for every project before implementing the actual construction works. During this stage, detailed layout surveying, detailed investigation, finalization of engineering design, preparation of construction drawing, finalization of the project cost, tender document preparation and detail of construction plan shall be carried out.

9.3 CONSTRUCTION STAGE

The construction of project shall be carried out based on construction plan, construction drawing, BoQ specification and method of the statement. The supervisor of the project will inspect and verify each item of works quality control. The safety of the worker during construction shall always have higher priority. After completion of each item of work, quantity and bill verification and payment shall be carried out in the parallel basis.

The details of project development is presented in Table 9-1.

Table 9-1: Stages of Project Development

SN Stages Details of Activities Approximate

Time Required

1 Planning Stage

Desk level Study Field Investigation and Topographical Survey Engineering Design of Masterplan Component, BoQ and Costing, Financial and Economic Analysis Tourism potential and Beneficiaries analysis Final report preparation

6 months

2 Construction preparation stage

Detailed layout survey, Detailed Investigation and Detailed Engineering Design and Tender document preparation, Tender Award, Detailed construction plan

1 year



SN Stages Details of Activities Approximate

Time Required

3 Construction Stage

Contractors Mobilization, Project Construction/ management and supervision for quality control; Progress monitoring and reporting Measurement, payment and disbursements; Commercial Operation

3 year

Figure 9-1: Project Implementation Schedule

J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A1 Initial Infromation Dissemination Completed2 Field Investiagtion and Surveying Completed3 Planning and Design Completed4 Appraisal Approval5 Signing of MOA6 Detail Design and Approval of Estimate7 Tendering and Selection of Contractor8 Signing of Agreement with Contractor9 Mobilization of Contractor10 Construction of Work11 Commissioning

S.N Activity2023

20192019 2020 2021 2022



10. SWOT ANALYSIS

The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats faced by the tourism of Milarepa Cave are summarized in Table 10-1 below. Milarepa Cave has a diversity of attractions. Especially, its cultural and religious importance and its natural endowments are potentially excellent in attractiveness. But it is underperforming its potential, due to its weak tourism competitiveness and enabling capacity

Growing demands, as well as flourishing domestic tourism, offer opportunities to the tourism of Milarepa Cave. On the other hand, a growing competition in tourism, the instability in the Nepali politics and lack of vision in the top management level are expected to be limiting factors.

Table 10-1: SWOT analysis for Milarepa Cave

STRENGTH

Majestic natural endowments Important cultural and religious values Diversity of attractions Strong geographical location (i.e. along

the Annapurna Trekking Circuit) Peaceful and Silent Environment

WEAKNESS

Poor infrastructure Weak governance and leadership Human resource constraints Difficult accessibility

OPPORTUNITIES

Flourishing International Tourism Growing domestic market Growing demand for new travelling

pockets Attraction for new group of tourism

(place for meditation)

THREATS

Growing competition Lack of Political Vision Unfavorable environment for

construction



11. DIASTER AND SAFTEY

Risks of the project can be defined as an elaboration of unfortunate consequences, both of finance and structure of project, because of decisions taken or due to environmental conditions on the project location. Risks in projects are the matter that cannot be eliminated, but their impact can be minimized. Every project is unique, specific, and dynamic, and therefore projects have different levels and combinations of risks, hence different responses are taken to minimize those risks and different consequences affect the project performance. Risk can be external risks, economic and financial risks, technical and contractual risks, and managerial risk. It is important to manage the multifaceted risks associated with projects, in particular in developing countries, not only to secure work but also to make profit. To effectively manage risks in projects, it is crucial to correctly identify the important risks and properly allocate them to the contractual parties. Stakeholders’ perceptions of risk vary due to different interests in the project. Risks are identified in each risk category. The risk category in the project can be within the scope of financial risk, time risk, physical risk, personnel risk, design and technical risk, contractual risk, political and regulation risk, and safety risk.

11.1 RISK ASSESSMENT

The section has presented some general discussions on the topic and tabulated the identified risks along with root cause, potential mitigation and severity level.

Listed risks being:

• Geological and natural risk • Construction schedule risk • Risk related to construction material • Safety and security

Geological and Geo-technical Risks

The project area falls in higher Himalayan zone. The main geological formation of the area is Gneisses, schists, migmatites and marbles. The proposed master plan component located in geologically stable zone except the proposed trail area. In proposed trail route, three landslide were noticed during the topographical survey. The length of the landslide of the about 5 m. During the study, gabion structure is proposed at the needed location. Other than that, the area is stable in construction point view.

Natural risk

Risk of Land Degradation

Minimal removal of vegetation and reshaping of topography is considered during design of project component. Therefore, risk of land degradation is very low in this project.

Risk to Flora and Fauna

The proposed project area falls in the conservation area, attention is given during planning stage to ensure minimal losses during the implementation stages and steps must be taken later to ensure that the losses are “replenished.”



Construction Schedule Risks

The Milarepa Cave master plan is located at an elevation of 4300 m from mean sea level. Construction work at such location is seasonal based and mainly govern by climatic condition. The physical environment of cave area has low humidity, strong winds and inadequate cellular oxygen, intensified UV radiation and air pressure, which is not favorable for workers. Thus, during planning stage of the project all these foreseen risk are analyzed and total 3 years construction period is proposed for the work. In addition, for the timely completion of the project, there should be highly efficient project management and experienced contractors/suppliers for constructing the project within anticipated time-period and to the required quality. Lack of interface management can delay the project and increase the cost.

Risks Related to Construction Materials

Local construction materials including sand, gravel, boulders and cobbles are easily available within the project area and thus there is no major risk related to availability of local construction materials. However, as the cave area is located at remote site and lack of accessibility of motor able road, carrying other construction material such as reinforcement, cement to the site is quite challenging and time consuming.

Risk Related to Climatic Condition

The climate of the project area is not construction friendly. The major health risks for worker related to the altitude is represented by the reduction of partial pressure of oxygen (hypoxia), humidity, speed wind and atmospheric pressure



12. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

12.1 CONCLUSION

The initiative taken by the Manang Ngisyang Rural Municipality along with the provincial government for preparation of Detailed Master Plan of Milarepa area is a gateway for developing the area as a religious and tourist destination. Manang itself being a majestic and marvelous place, Milarepa cave laying on the laps of the Annapurna range and the religious and cultural values of the area will lure the international and domestic tourists. The proposed master plan is well equipped with necessary components, infrastructures and amenities necessary for attracting tourists and people of Manang. The development of the plan at this moment includes gumba, confectionary block, accommodation block, mediation hall and other required components needed to develop the place as tourism destination. Further, the possibility of further extension is wide open and the current plan serves as a milestone and guideline for the future. The components are fairly distributed based on a planned and guided approach. However, practically, distributing the infrastructures as foot trails in the geography is challenging. So, the project should be implemented in a systematic manner.

The development of the current project will not only increase the foreign exchange revenue but also will have direct impact on the livelihood of the community. There will be the generation of employment opportunity, increase in local business and economy, development of local infrastructures and overall quality of life of the community around the area is expected to increase to higher values. The overall cost of infrastructural development identified in the Master Plan is approximately NRs. 95.16 million and revenue generation of around NRs. 29.17 million per year. Owing to all these facts and positive impact of the project, it will be a wise decision for Gandaki Province and Manang Ngisyang Rural Municipality to invest in the project development.

12.2 RECOMMENDATION

1. The components are fairly distributed based on a planned and guided approach. However, practically, distributing the infrastructures as foot trails in such geology is quite challenging. So, it is strongly recommended to carry detailed survey and design before going for the construction.

2. It is recommended to carry the structural analysis of all the structures (Gumba, Confectionary block, Accommodation Block, Mediation hall) before actual start of the construction.

3. The implementation of the project should be carry in a systematic manner. For timely implementation, a good technical and financial planning is necessary. A strong supervision team is essential for the project to keep its attractiveness on timely construction keeping cost in control.

4. Proper and sufficient security arrangements shall be made for safety of visitors, existing bio-diversity and components of the area with cultural values.

ANNEXES

Annex A: Bill of Quantity and Details of Quantity Estimate

Annex A1: Bill of Quantities

S.N Work Description Unit Quantity Rate Amount Remarks

1

Clearing (site clearance) construction sites before and after construction also leveling the surface as per instruction, specification and drawing all complete.

sqm 1210.80 25 30,270.00

2

Earthwork in excavation in hard soil in perfect line and level in foundation stacking to the appropriate location near site for refill all complete as per instruction, specification and drawing all complete.

cum 3305.37 783.55 2,589,924.23

3

Earthwork in backfilling in perfect line and level in foundation stacking to the appropriate location near site for refill all complete as per instruction, specification and drawing all complete.

cum 1983.22 545.02 1,080,896.31

4

Soling works at the foundations or floors with stone in line level as per the specifications and instructions of site engineer.

sqm 218.26 5080.13 1,108,789.43

5

Mixing and laying Cement sand, aggregate of approved quality in ration 1:3:6 (M10) for levelling concrete including mixing, finishing, laying with proper compaction in perfect line, level & dimensions, curing, all complete as per design & drawings (upto 30m haul).

cum 408.26 27621.44 11,276,704.93

6

Mixing and laying Cement sand, aggregate of approved quality in ration 1:2:4 (M15) including mixing, finishing, laying with proper compaction in perfect line, level & dimensions, curing, all complete as per design & drawings (upto 30m haul).

cum 3.19 34698.63 110,636.58

7

Mixing and laying Cement sand, aggregate of approved quality in ration 1:1.5:3 (M20) including mixing, finishing, laying with proper compaction in perfect line, level & dimensions, curing, all complete as per design & drawings (upto 30m haul).

cum 131.04 43576.38 5,710,248.84

8

Steel reinforcement bars Fe 500 all sizes (dia.) including supplying straightening, cleaning, cutting, bending, binding with 18 SWG Annealed type wire and fixing in

kg 12360.06 205.51 2,540,116.44

S.N Work Description Unit Quantity Rate Amount Remarks positions all complete as per design & drawings (haul distance upto 30m).

9

Supplying and laying shuttering of Formworks (12mm thick Waterproof Plywood & steel adjustable props for concreting works) including nails, propping scaffolding, staging, supporting and bracing in proper lines and level all complete as per design & drawings.

sqm 640.08 1151.25 736,892.10

10

Stone masonry works in 1:6 C/S ratio with perfect line and level, provide weepholes using 75mm dia PVC pipe in required location of the retaining structures as per drawings all complete

cum 847.33 19233.92 16,297,477.43

11

Stone masonry works in 1:4 C/S ratio in foundation and walls with perfect line and level as per drawings all complete

cum 381.97 5485 2,095,119.71

12

Providing and laying 50mm flagstone flooring work 1: 6 Cement Sand Mortar in line & level as per instructions of site engineer.

sqm 447.57 2339.04 1,046,884.13

13

Providing and laying 50mm thk. Telia tile flooring work 1: 6 Cement Sand Mortar in line & level as per instructions of site engineer.

sqm 921.00 2339.04 2,154,255.84

14 Providing, laying and fixing saal wood Door/Window Chaukosh 4"x3" size with all complete

cum 8.59 89356.38 767,696.40

15 Providing, laying and fixing of saal wood Window Shutter 38mm thick with 5mm glass window all complete

sqm 26.72 9858.24 263,412.17

16 Providing and fixing 25mm thk. and 200mm wide facia board at roof all complete as per drawings.

sqm 12.00 6831.68 81,980.16

17 Laying and fixing of CGI Sheet roofing (26 gauge) in truss structures all works complete.

sqm 439.56 2308.57 1,014,755.03

18

Making providing and fixing of Stainless-steel railing (50mm dia handrail supported at 2mc/c 50mm dia vertical posts with 2 layers of 25mm rails within 2.5-3 ft height) works smooth finish with all necessary fittings as per design and drawing

sqm 63.32 2774.99 175,712.37

S.N Work Description Unit Quantity Rate Amount Remarks

19

Making providing and fixing of MS Tubular structure with mat finish enamel black paint on metal surface with smooth finish with all necessary fittings as per design and drawing

kg 11346.01 238.16 2,702,165.65

20

Landscaping works including pathway, gardening, surface drainage system including catch drains, sand filling and dressed peebles all complete as per drawings

sqm 1481.50 1500 2,222,250.00

21 Construction of Gumba using MS structural steel and roof truss all complete as per drawings

sqm 211.50 37663.5 7,965,830.25

22

Construction of Foot Trail leading towards Milarepa statue consist of 1.5m width including logitudinal drains using stone masonry works.

m 1200.00 6,000.00 7,200,000.00

23 Construction of three storied- hexagonal shaped View Tower including balcony.

sqm 107.33 37,663.50 4,042,500.00

A. SUB TOTAL OF CIVIL WORKS (Rs.) 73,214,517.99

B. Electrical works (3% of total civil cost) 2,196,435.54

C. Sanitary works (5% of total civil cost) 3,660,725.90

SUB TOTAL OF All WORKS (NRs.) 79,071,679.43

D. Miscellaneous (1.5% of total cost) 1,186,075.19

E. Contingency (5% of total cost) 3,953,583.97

SUBTOTAL 84,211,338.59

Vat 13% 10,947,474.02

GRAND TOTAL (NRs.) 95,158,812.61

Annex A2: Details of Quantity Estimate

S.N Work Description Unit Quantity

1 Clearing (site clearance) construction sites before and after construction also leveling the surface as per instruction, specification and drawing all complete.

sqm 1,210.80

Gate and Surrounding Trail 51.00 Dining 180.00 Dormitory 180.00 Mediation Hall 219.00 Retaining Structure and Steps 524.80 Cave 56.00

2 Earthwork in excavation in hard soil in perfect line and level in foundation stacking to the appropriate location near site for refill all complete as per instruction, specification and drawing all complete.

cum 3,305.37

Gate and Surrounding Trail 457.92 Dining 357.16 Dormitory 357.16 Mediation Hall 135.14 Retaining Structure and Steps 1,988.89 Cave 9.10

3 Earthwork in backfilling in perfect line and level in foundation stacking to the appropriate location near site for refill all complete as per instruction, specification and drawing all complete.

cum 1,983.22

Gate and Surrounding Trail 274.75 Dining 214.30 Dormitory 214.30 Mediation Hall 81.08 Retaining Structure and Steps 1,193.34 Cave 5.46

4 Soling works at the foundations or floors with stone in line level as per the specifications and instructions of site engineer. sqm 218.26


5

Mixing and laying Cement sand, aggregate of approved quality in ration 1:3:6 ( M10) for levelling concrete including mixing, finishing, laying with proper compaction in perfect line, level & dimensions, curing, all complete as per design & drawings(upto 30m haul).

cum 408.26

Gate and Surrounding Trail 1.69 Dining 24.12 Dormitory 24.12

S.N Work Description Unit Quantity Mediation Hall 73.08 Retaining Structure and Steps 284.21 Cave 1.05

6

Mixing and laying Cement sand, aggregate of approved quality in ration 1:2:4 ( M15) including mixing, finishing, laying with proper compaction in perfect line, level & dimensions, curing, all complete as per design & drawings(upto 30m haul).

cum 3.19

Gate and Surrounding Trail 2.39 Cave 0.80

7

Mixing and laying Cement sand, aggregate of approved quality in ration 1:1.5:3 ( M20) including mixing, finishing, laying with proper compaction in perfect line, level & dimensions, curing, all complete as per design & drawings(upto 30m haul).

cum 131.04

Dining 55.08 Dormitory 55.08 Mediation Hall 20.88

8

Steel reinforcement bars Fe 500 all sizes (dia.) including supplying straightening, cleaning, cutting, bending, binding with 18 SWG Annealed type wire and fixing in positions all complete as per design & drawings(haul distance upto 30m).

kg 12,360.06

Gate and Surrounding Trail 309.37

Dining 4,764.64 Dormitory 4,764.64 Mediation Hall 2,458.62 Cave 62.80

9


sqm 640.08


10 Stone masonry works in 1:6 C/S ratio with perfect line and level, provide weepholes using 75mm dia PVC pipe in required location of the retaining structures as per drawings all complete

cum 847.33


S.N Work Description Unit Quantity

11 Stone masonry works in 1:4 C/S ratio in foundation and walls with perfect line and level as per drawings all complete cum 381.97


12 Providing and laying 50mm flagstone flooring work 1 : 6 Cement Sand Mortar in line & level as per instructions of site engineer. sqm 447.57

Gate and Surrounding Trail 336.00 Retaining Structure and Steps 111.57

13 Providing and laying 50mm thk. Telia tile flooring work 1 : 6 Cement Sand Mortar in line & level as per instructions of site engineer. sqm 921.00

Dining 360.00 Dormitory 360.00 Mediation Hall 201.00 Retaining Structure and Steps - Cave -

14 Providing, laying and fixing saal wood Door/Window Chaukosh 4"x3" size with all complete cum 8.59


15 Providing, laying and fixing of saal wood Window Shutter 38mm thick with 5mm glass window all complete sqm 26.72


16 Providing and fixing 25mm thk. and 200mm wide facia board at roof all complete as per drawings. sqm 12.00

Dining 6.00 Dormitory 6.00

17 Laying and fixing of CGI Sheet roofing ( 26 gauge) in truss structures all works complete. sqm 439.56


18

Making providing and fixing of Stainless steel railing ( 50mm dia handrail supported at 2mc/c 50mm dia vertical posts with 2 layers of 25mm rails within 2.5-3 ft height) works smooth finish with all necessary fittings as per design and drawing

sqm 63.32

Retaining Structure and Steps 63.32

19 Making providing and fixing of MS Tubular structure with mat finish enamel black paint on metal surface with smooth finish with all necessary fittings as per design and drawing

kg 11,346.01

S.N Work Description Unit Quantity Dining 2,869.15 Dormitory 2,869.15 Mediation Hall 3,820.19 Cave 1,787.52

20 Landscaping works including pathway, gardening, surface drainage system including catch drains, sand filling and dressed peebles all complete as per drawings

sqm 1,481.50

21 Construction of Gumba using MS structural steel and roof truss all complete as per drawings sqm 211.50

22 Construction of foot trail leading towards Milarepa statue consist of 1.5m width including logitudinal drains using stone masonry works. m 1,200.00

23 Construction of three storied- hexagonal shaped View Tower including balcony. sqm 107.33

Annex B: Rate Analysis

S.n.

Work DescriptionResour

ceType/Grade Qty Unit

Rate per unit

AmountAmt per resource

Unskilled 0.023 no. 945 21.74 21.74

Equipment

21.7425

m2

Unskilled 0.7 no. 945 661.5 661.5

0Equipment 19.845

681.345783.55

m3

Unskilled 0.8 no. 945 756 756

0Equipment 22.68

778.68895.48

m3

Unskilled 0.5 no. 945 472.5 472.5Water 5 ltr 0.286 1.43

1.43Equipment

473.93545.02

m3

Unskilled 0.5 no. 945 472.5 472.5Water 5 ltr 0.286 1.43Soil 1.5 cum 370 555 556.43

Equipment

1028.931183.27

m3Skilled 1 no. 1120 1120Unskilled 0.5 no. 945 472.5 1592.5Stone for Soling 1.1 cum 850 935Sand coarse 0.7 cum 2700 1890 2825

Equipment

4417.55080.13

m3

6

Soling works at the foundations with hard stones and filling the voids with sand as per the specifications and instructions of site engineer.

Manpower

Material

Total(Rs.)Total(Rs.) with 15% contractor's overhead

Unit

5

Back filling works including cost of soil by spreading in layers of 150mm thickness, watered and well consolidated by suitable mechanical compactors at every layers, all complete & as per drawing, specification & instruction of site in-charge.

Manpower

Material


Unit

4

Back filling works from stock pile within 10mtrs including spreading in layers of 150mm thickness, watered and well consolidated by suitable mechanical compactors at every layers, all complete & as per drawing, specification & instruction of site in-charge.

Manpower

Material


Unit

3

Earthwork in excavation in hard clay/ soft rock in perfect line and level in foundation stacking to the appropriate location near site for refill all complete as per instruction, specification and drawing all complete.

Manpower

Material

3% of total manpowerTotal(Rs.)

Total(Rs.) with 15% contractor's overheadUnit

2

Earthwork in excavation in soft soil in perfect line and level( upto 1.5m lift and 10m haul) in foundation stacking to the appropriate location near site for refill all complete as per instruction, specification and drawing all complete.

Manpower

Material

3% of total manpowerTotal(Rs.)

Total(Rs.) with 15% contractor's overheadUnit

1

Clearing & uprooting (site clearance) thin vegetation,grubbing their roots and disposal far from the construction sites before and after construction also leveling the surface as per instruction, specification and drawing all complete.

Manpower

Material


Unit

S.n.



Rate per unit


Manpo Skilled 1.5 no. 1120 1680Unskilled 5 no. 945 4725 6405Stone for walls 1.1 cum 2250 2475Sand coarse 0.45 cum 2700 1215Cement PPC 0.159 mt 61826 9830.33Water 100 ltr 0.286 28.6 13548.93

Equipment

19953.9322947.02

m3Skilled 1.5 no. 1120 1680Unskilled 5 no. 945 4725 6405Stone for walls 1.1 cum 2250 2475Sand coarse 0.47 cum 2700 1269Cement PPC 0.106 mt 61826 6553.56Water 79 ltr 0.286 22.59 10320.15

Equipment

16725.1519233.92

m3Skilled 1 no. 1120 1120Unskilled 2 no. 945 1890 3010Stone for walls 1.1 cum 2250 2475

2475Equipment

54856307.75

m3Skilled 1 no. 1120 1120Unskilled 4 no. 945 3780Cement OPC 0.22 mt 63826 14041.72Gravel 40mm 0.65 cum 4240 2756Gravel 20mm 0.24 cum 4240 1017.6Sand coarse 0.47 cum 2700 1269Water 120 ltr 0.286 34.32

Equipment

24018.6427621.44

m3Skilled 1 no. 1120 1120Unskilled 4 no. 945 3780Cement OPC 0.32 mt 63826 20424.32Gravel 40mm 0.52 cum 4240 2204.8Gravel 20mm 0.22 cum 4240 932.8Gravel 10mm 0.11 cum 4240 466.4Sand coarse 0.445 cum 2700 1201.5Water 150 ltr 0.286 42.9

Equipment

30172.7234698.63

m3

11

Mixing and laying Cement sand, aggregate of approved quality in ration 1:2:4 ( M15) including mixing, finishing, laying with proper compaction in perfect line, level & dimensions, curing, all complete as per design & drawings.

Manpower 4900

Material

25272.72


Unit

10

Mixing and laying Cement sand, aggregate of approved quality in ration 1:3:6 ( M10) including mixing, finishing, laying with proper compaction in perfect line, level & dimensions, curing, all complete as per design & drawings.

Manpower 4900

Material

19118.64


Unit

9

Providing and laying dry stone masonry (coursed rubble) including dressing etc. complete as per specification, lead 30m

Manpower

Material


Unit

8

Providing and laying random rubble stone masonry of hard block stone in 1 : 6 cement sand mortar(M5) including stone dressing,mortar transportation(upto 10m) all complete.

Manpower

Material


Unit

7

Providing and laying random rubble stone masonry of hard block stone in 1 : 4 cement sand mortar(M5) including stone dressing,mortar transportation(upto 10m) all complete.

Manpower

Material


Unit

S.n.



Rate per unit


Manpo Skilled 0.8 no. 1120 896Unskilled 7 no. 945 6615Cement OPC 0.4 mt 63826 25530.4Gravel 20mm 0.57 cum 4240 2416.8Gravel 10mm 0.29 cum 4240 1229.6Sand coarse 0.425 cum 2700 1147.5Water 200 ltr 0.286 57.2

Equipment

37892.543576.38

m3Skilled 0.012 no. 1120 13.44Unskilled 0.012 no. 945 11.34Rebar Fe500 1.05 kg 145.08 152.33Binding wire 0.01 kg 159.08 1.59

Equipment

178.7205.51

kgSkilled 0.267 no. 1120 299.04Unskilled 0.4 no. 945 378Wood local 0.004 cum 30022 117.09Ply 12mm 0.165 sqm 1087.6 179.46Metal Props 0.04 no. 0 0Nails 0.25 kg 110 27.5

Equipment

1001.091151.25

sqmSkilled 17.65 no. 1120 19768Unskilled 1.67 no. 945 1578.15Wood local 1.05 cum 30022 31523.1Nails 0.55 kg 110 60.5

Equipment

52929.7560869.21

sqmSkilled 34 no. 1120 38080Unskilled 3.4 no. 945 3213Wood local 1.1 cum 30022 33024.2Holdfast 92 no. 32 2944Nails 4 kg 110 440

Equipment

77701.289356.38

sqm

16

Providing, laying and fixing local salla wood Door/Window Chaukosh 4"x3" size with all complete

Manpower 41293

Material36408.2


Unit

15

Fixing at proper place local salla wood posts as column and beams including all materials complete as per specifications and drawings.

Manpower 21346.15

Material31583.6


Unit

14


Manpower 677.04

Material

324.05


Unit

13

Steel reinforcement bars Fe 500 all sizes (dia.) including supplying straightening, cleaning, cutting, bending, binding with 18 SWG Annealed type wire and fixing in positions all complete as per design & drawings(haul distance upto 30m).

Manpower 24.78

Material153.92


Unit

12

Mixing and laying Cement sand, aggregate of approved quality in ration 1:1.5:3 ( M20) including mixing, finishing, laying with proper compaction in perfect line, level & dimensions, curing, all complete as per design & drawings(upto 30m haul).

Manpower 7511

Material

30381.5


Unit

S.n.



Rate per unit


Manpo Skilled 4.036 no. 1120 4520.18Unskilled 0.404 no. 945 381.39Wood local 0.022 cum 30022 659.68Glass 5mm 1.085 sqm 2399.2 2603.1375mm hinge 4 pcs 21 84100mm lock 4 pcs 37 148Handle 2 pcs 63 126Screw 50

Equipment

8572.389858.24

sqmSkilled 3.118 no. 1120 3492.2Unskilled 0.312 no. 945 294.65Wood local 0.015 cum 30022 462.7Ply 6mm 1.036 sqm 636.31 658.98Ply 3mm commercial 1.036 sqm 488.92 506.34100mm hinge 1.336 pcs 37 49.44150mm lock 0.891 pcs 48 42.76Mortice lock 0.445 pcs 861 383.52Screw 50

Equipment

5940.596831.68

sqmSkilled 0.12 no. 1120 134.4Unskilled 0.16 no. 945 151.2Cement OPC 0.005 mt 63826 343.38Sand coarse 0.015 cum 2700 39.42Water 100 ltr 0.286 28.6

Equipment 4.536

701.536806.77

m3Skilled 0.12 no. 1120 134.4Unskilled 0.16 no. 945 151.2Cement OPC 0.004 mt 63826 243.82Sand coarse 0.016 cum 2700 42.39Water 100 ltr 0.286 28.6

Equipment 4.536

604.946695.69

m3Skilled 0.125 no. 1120 140Unskilled 0.25 no. 945 236.25Cement OPC 0.017 mt 63826 1085.04Gravel 10mm 0.046 cum 4240 195.04Sand coarse 0.023 cum 2700 62.1Water 5 ltr 0.286 1.43

Equipment

1719.861977.84

m2

21

50 mm average thick P.C.C. with stone chips (1:2:4) M15 concrete for floor screed work in required level, slope and curing all works complete .

Manpower 376.25

Material

1343.61


Unit

20

Providing and laying 12.5 mm thick cement plaster on all surface with 1:6 cement sand mortar in perfect line and level including Chipping Concrete Surface, scaffolding, curing etc. all complete as per drawings.

Manpower 285.6

Material314.81

3% of unskilled labourTotal(Rs.)

Total(Rs.) with 15% contractor's overhead

Unit

19

Providing and laying 12.5 mm thick cement plaster on all surface with 1:4 cement sand mortar in perfect line and level including Chipping Concrete Surface, scaffolding, curing etc. all complete as per drawings.

Manpower 285.6

Material411.4

3% of unskilled labourTotal(Rs.)


Unit

18

Providing, laying and fixing of local salla wood Door Shutter 38mm thick with 6mm waterproof plywood joint all complete

Manpower 3786.85

Material

2153.74


Unit

17

Providing, laying and fixing of local salla wood Window Shutter 38mm thick with 5mm glass window all complete

Manpower 4901.57

Material

3670.81


Unit

S.n.



Rate per unit


Manpo Skilled 1.3 no. 1120 1456Unskilled 0.45 no. 945 425.25Cement OPC 0.006 mt 63826 357.43Porcelain tile floor 1.1 sqm 2979.7 3277.68White cement 0.323 kg 42 13.56Sand fine 0.015 cum 2700 41.04Water 5 ltr 0.286 1.43

Equipment

5572.396408.25

m2Skilled 1.3 no. 1120 1456Unskilled 0.45 no. 945 425.25Cement OPC 0.006 mt 63826 357.43Porcelain tile wall 1.1 sqm 2764.5 3040.96White cement 0.323 kg 42 13.56Sand fine 0.015 cum 2700 41.04Water 5 ltr 0.286 1.43

Equipment

5335.676136.02

m2Skilled 0.2 no. 1120 224Unskilled 0.45 no. 945 425.25Cement OPC 0.006 mt 63826 402.1Flagstone 50mm 1.1 sqm 850 935Sand fine 0.017 cum 2700 46.17Water 5 ltr 0.286 1.43

Equipment

2033.952339.04

m2Skilled 0.036 no. 1120 40.63Unskilled 0.041 no. 945 38.97MS HS 1 kg 118.51 118.51Metal Primer 0.02 ltr 330 6.6

Equipment 2.388

207.098238.16

kgSkilled 0.12 no. 1120 134.4Unskilled 0.08 no. 945 75.6Wood Primer 0.081 ltr 352 28.51Enamel Paint 0.16 ltr 440 70.4

Equipment 6.3

315.21362.49

m2Skilled 0.11 no. 1120 123.2Unskilled 0.125 no. 945 118.13GI Sheet 0.179

bundle 9696.4 1738.88

Fixtures 20Equipment 7.2399

2007.44992308.57

m2

27Laying and fixing of CGI Sheet roofing ( 26 gauge) in truss structures all works complete.

Manpower 241.33

Material1758.88

3% of labour costTotal(Rs.)


Unit

26

Two coat of premium enamel paint of approved color over one coat of primer with smooth sanding and cleaning dust on wood surface including sealing works.

Manpower 210

Material98.91

3% of labour costs for scaffoldingTotal(Rs.)


Unit

25

Making providing and fixing of MS Tubular truss with mat finish enamel black paint on metal surface with smooth finish with all necessary fittings as per design and drawing

Manpower 79.6

Material125.11

3% of labour costsTotal(Rs.)


Unit

24

Providing and laying 50mm flagstone flooring work 1 : 6 Cement Sand Mortar in line & level as per instructions of site engineer.

Manpower 649.25

Material

1384.7


Unit

23

Providing and fixing non glazed porcelain tiles fixed on walls with 1 : 4 Cement Sand Mortar in line & level as per instructions of site engineer.

Manpower 1881.25

Material

3454.42


Unit

22

Providing and fixing non glazed porcelain tiles fixed on floors with 1 : 4 Cement Sand Mortar in line & level as per instructions of site engineer.

Manpower 1881.25

Material

3691.14


Unit

S.n.



Rate per unit


Manpo Skilled 0.2 no. 1120 224Unskilled 0.3 no. 945 283.5GI Sheet Dhuri 0.179

bundle 7966.4 1428.63


1961.3552255.56

m2Skilled 0.175 no. 1120 196Unskilled 0.2 no. 945 189GI sheet plain 9E-04

bundle 10627 9.96


706.51812.49

rmSkilledUnskilledMetal pipes ready 1 kg 151.51 151.51Metal Primer 0.02 ltr 330 6.6

Equipment 0

158.11181.83

m2Skilled 0.036 no. 1120 40.63Unskilled 0.041 no. 945 38.97MS I-Beam 1 kg 118.51 118.51Red oxide paint 0.02 ltr 330 6.6

Equipment 2.388

207.098238.16

m2Skilled 1.069 no. 1120 1197.11Unskilled 1.24 no. 945 1172.2150mm ssp 1.693 m 0 025mm ssp 2.186 m 0 0

Equipment 43.715847

2413.03582774.99

m2

32

Making providing and fixing of Stainless steel railing ( 50mm dia handrail supported at 2mc/c 50mm dia vertical posts with 2 layers of 25mm rails within 2.5-3 ft height) works smooth finish with all necessary fittings as per design and drawing

Manpower 2369.32

Material0

welding costs Total(Rs.)


Unit

31

Making providing and fixing of MS structural sections red oxide finish on metal surface with all necessary fittings as per design and drawing

Manpower 79.6

Material125.11



Unit

30

Making providing and fixing of MS Angles and pipes with mat finish enamel black paint on metal surface with smooth finish with all necessary fittings as per design and drawing

Manpower 0

Material158.11



Unit

29

Laying and fixing of Rainwater collection gutter of coloured plain sheet (150mm wide)with necessary brackets and fixtures in roof all works complete.

Manpower 385

Material309.96



Unit

28Laying and fixing of CGI ridge cover (0.5mm 0.6m wide) in truss structures all works complete.

Manpower 507.5

Material1438.63



Unit

Annex C: Site Photographs

Overview of proposed site for Master plan

View of proposed site

Ongoing Survey Works during field visit

Ongoing Survey Works during field visit

Interaction with the Locals at site

Site Exploration with the Locals

Group photo with Rural Municipality members

Taking Requirements from the Locals

Way to proposed view tower

Location of proposed structures

Location of Proposed Meditation cave

Existing way to Milarepa Statue

View from Top to the proposed trail Rock cliff where Hanging Bow exist

Annex D: Master Plan Design and Drawings

DN

DN

DN

C

BLOCK D

BLOCK A

BLOCK C

BLOCK B

PRA

YER

WH

EEL

PRA

YER

WH

EEL

ZEN GARDEN

ZEN GARDEN

MILAREPA STATUE

level -4300level -3450

Checked By:

Designed By:

(MOITFE)

PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTCreate consult. Milarepa Retreat And

Visitor's Center, ManangMinistry of Industry, Tourism,

Forest and Environment

SHEET TITLE : Consultant

Approved By:Gandaki Province

CONSULTANT:

Name of Project:

Pokhara, Kaski

Madhyapur thimi - 4, NepalPRABISH ACHARYAPRAKRITEE SHARMAMAHESH MAHARAJAN Dwg No.

Date:June, 2019

Scale : 1:1000

01A01

MEDITATION CAVES AT DIFFERENT LEVELFACING BALANCE STONE

SHOOTING AREA

CHOR

TEN

ALIG

NED

AS G

UIDA

NCE

BALANCE STONE

RETREAT CENTER

VIEW TOWER

MASTER PLANAND ZONING

Checked By:

Designed By:Milarepa Retreat AndVisitor's Center, Manang


Approved By:

Name of Project:PRABISH ACHARYAPRAKRITEE SHARMAMAHESH MAHARAJAN

Date:June, 2019

Scale : 1:1000 A02

MEDITATION CAVES AT DIFFERENT LEVELFACING BALANCE STONE

(MOITFE)

PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTCreate consult.Ministry of Industry, Tourism,


Gandaki Province

CONSULTANT:

Pokhara, Kaski

Madhyapur thimi - 4, Nepal

Dwg No. 01

MASTER PLANAND ZONING

SITE AREA: 80300 Sq.mBUILT UP AREA:1000 Sq.m

DN

DN

DN

C

BLOCK D

BLOCK A

BLOCK C

BLOCK B

PRA

YER

WH

EEL

PRA

YER

WH

EEL

ZEN GARDEN

ZEN GARDEN

MILAREPA STATUE


Checked By:



Approved By:


Date:June, 2019

Scale : 1:200 A03(MOITFE)



Gandaki Province

CONSULTANT:

Pokhara, Kaski


Dwg No. 02

SITE PLAN

BUILT UP AREA:1000 Sq.m

GALLERY

CONFECTIONARY8.1m X 4.3m

TERRACE

DN

WC

SOUVENIR

level 000

level -600

DN

DN

DN

level -300

level -300

TERRACE8.5m X 9.0m

WC WC

DN

DORMITORY3.9m X 3.0m

LAMA'S ROOM3.9m X 4.3m

STORE3.9m X 2.0m

DORMITORY3.9m X 3.0m

level -300

level -3300

level -3300

level -4300



level -300

level -600

level -600

level -4300

A

B

C

B

DD

AC

level -600 level -4300level -3450

3.9m X 4.3m

8.5m X 9.0m

WC

Checked By:



Approved By:


Date:June, 2019

Scale : 1:200 A04(MOITFE)



Gandaki Province

CONSULTANT:

Pokhara, Kaski


Dwg No. 02

GROUND FLOORPLAN

Checked By:

Designed By:Date:

June, 2019SHEET TITLE : Consultant

Approved By:

Name of Project:

Scale :M.MAHARAJAN

1:150 A05PRABISH ACHARYAPRAKRITEE SHARMA

MILAREPA RETREAT AND VISITOR'SCENTER,MANANG

SECTION AT A-A

SECTION AT C-C

(MOITFE)

PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTMinistry of Industry, Tourism,


Gandaki ProvincePokhara, Kaski

Create consult.CONSULTANT:


Dwg No : 02

SECTIONAL ELEVATION

Checked By:

Designed By:Date:


Approved By:

Name of Project:

Scale :M.MAHARAJAN



SECTION AT B-B

SECTION AT D-D

(MOITFE)






Dwg No : 02

SECTIONAL ELEVATION

Checked By:

Designed By:Date:


Approved By:

Name of Project:

Scale :M.MAHARAJAN



SECTION AT A-A

SECTION AT C-C

(MOITFE)






Dwg No : 02

SECTIONAL ELEVATION

Annex E: Minutes of Meeting

Annex F: Linkage Map of Major Tourist Destination of

Manang

moitfe.gandaki.gov.npmoitfe.gandaki.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/...Master Plan for Tourism...

Documents

Transcript of moitfe.gandaki.gov.npmoitfe.gandaki.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/...Master Plan for Tourism...