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Transcript of Make a list of 10 actions you have taken in the past two days.
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Make a list of 10 actions you have taken in the past two days.
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Make a list of 10 actions you have taken in the past two days.
Label each one as created by either a biological or psychological need
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Make a list of 10 actions you have taken in the past two days.
Label each one as created by either a biological or psychological need
What were the motivations for those actions?
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Motives› Stimulus that moves us toward a specific goal
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Motives› Stimulus that moves us toward a specific goal
Needs› Absolute necessities
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Motives› Stimulus that moves us toward a specific goal
Needs› Absolute necessities
Drives› Motivate us to take action
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Biological› Examples…
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Biological› Examples…› Necessary for survival
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Biological› Examples…› Necessary for survival› Based on deprivation
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Biological› Examples…› Necessary for survival› Based on deprivation› Inborn
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Biological› Examples…› Necessary for survival› Based on deprivation› Inborn
Psychological› Examples…
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Biological› Examples…› Necessary for survival› Based on deprivation› Inborn
Psychological› Examples…› Not survival-based
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Biological› Examples…› Necessary for survival› Based on deprivation› Inborn
Psychological› Examples…› Not survival-based› Can be learned
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What role does the Hypothalamus play?
Why do we overdo things?
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Instinct Theory› Inborn› “Fixed-Action Patterns”› William James
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Drive-Reduction Theory› Clark Hull› Homeostasis
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SocioCultural Theory› Just what you think it means
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Humanistic Theory› Quest for fulfillment› Self-Actualization› What about obstacles?› Abraham Maslow
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
PHYSIOLOGICAL – food, water, rest, shelter
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
SAFETY – protection, security, stability
PHYSIOLOGICAL – food, water, rest, shelter
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
LOVE – love, acceptance, belonging
SAFETY – protection, security, stability
PHYSIOLOGICAL – food, water, rest, shelter
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
ESTEEM – achievement, competence, recognition, respect
LOVE – love, acceptance, belonging
SAFETY – protection, security, stability
PHYSIOLOGICAL – food, water, rest, shelter
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
SELF-ACTUALIZATION – fulfillment of potential
ESTEEM – achievement, competence, recognition, respect
LOVE – love, acceptance, belonging
SAFETY – protection, security, stability
PHYSIOLOGICAL – food, water, rest, shelter
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Sensory Stimulation
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Sensory Stimulation› What happens when we are deprived?
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Sensory Stimulation Activity
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Sensory Stimulation Activity Exploration
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Sensory Stimulation Activity Exploration & Manipulation
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Sensory Stimulation Activity Exploration & Manipulation Achievement Motivation
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Sensory Stimulation Activity Exploration & Manipulation Achievement Motivation
› Extrinsic…
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Sensory Stimulation Activity Exploration & Manipulation Achievement Motivation
› Extrinsic or Intrinsic
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How can we increase response?
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How can we increase response?
Project?
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Cognitive Consistency › Affiliation
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Cognitive Consistency › Affiliation
Balance Theory
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Cognitive Consistency › Affiliation
Balance Theory
Cognitive-Dissonance Theory
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What are they?› States of feeling
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What are they?› …and what aren’t they?
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What are they?› …and what aren’t they?
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List the 5 emotions youfeel most often, andthe 5 you feel leastoften.
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Aristotle› Anger Shame› Mildness Shamelessness› Love Benevolence› Envy Pity› Enmity Indignation› Fear Emulation› Confidence Contempt
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Ancient Chinese theory› Happiness› Anger› Sorrow› Fear
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Ancient Chinese theory› Happiness› Anger› Sorrow› Fear
All are inborn
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John B. Watson› Fear› Rage› Love
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John B. Watson› Fear› Rage› Love
William James› Everything we do is designed to gain
happiness.
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Are they…
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Are they…› Biological ?
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Are they…› Biological ?› Cognitive ?
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Are they…› Biological ?› Cognitive ?› Behavioral ?
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Are they…› Biological ?› Cognitive ?› Behavioral ?
What is the relationship?
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Opponent-Process Model
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Opponent-Process Model
› Emotions are followed by their opposites
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Commonsense Approach
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Commonsense Approach
› Thoughts lead to Feelings
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James-Lange Theory
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James-Lange Theory› Behavior causes Emotion
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James-Lange Theory› Behavior causes Emotion› Changing our Behavior changes the Emotion
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James-Lange Theory› Behavior causes Emotion› Changing our Behavior changes the Emotion
› Ignores Cognition, Values, Choices
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Cannon-Bard Theory
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Cannon-Bard Theory› The Brain causes both Physical and Emotional reactions
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Cannon-Bard Theory› The Brain causes both Physical and Emotional reactions
› Emotions are caused by external stimuli
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Theory of Cognitive Appraisal
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Theory of Cognitive Appraisal› Emotions come from Situational
Analysis and the Reactions of Others.
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Do Emotions Evolve?
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Do Emotions Evolve?› Adaptation
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Do Emotions Evolve?› Adaptation› The Role of Play
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Do Emotions Evolve?› Adaptation› The Role of Play› The Role of Fear
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How do we know what emotions someone is feeling ?
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How do we know what emotions someone is feeling ?
Can we “fake” them ?
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How do we know what emotions someone is feeling ?
Can we “fake” them ?
What if certain emotions linger ?
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How do we know what emotions someone is feeling ?
Can we “fake” them ?
What if certain emotions linger ?
What if a person had no emotions ?
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Are emotions universal ?› Margaret Mead says, “No”› Other studies say, “Yes”
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Are emotions universal ?› Margaret Mead says, “No”› Other studies say, “Yes”
Are happiness surveys objective ?› [ Reliability – Validity measures ]
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Are emotions universal ?› Margaret Mead says, “No”› Other studies say, “Yes”
Are happiness surveys objective ?› [ Reliability – Validity measures ]
How about the experiment where moms say their 3-month-old is:› Curious (99%) – Joyful (95%) – Angry (84%)› Surprised (74%) – Fearful (58%)
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Can we choose our emotions?
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Can we choose our emotions?
How do we deal with anger ?
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Can we choose our emotions?
How do we deal with anger ?› Control or Outburst
What is more effective ?