Eukaryotic Animal Cells:

A Closer Look…

Cell Membrane Located around the outside of the cell Contains proteins and lipids Surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell Serves almost the same purpose as skin

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Enclosed by the cell membrane

Keeps cell organelles separate

Contains mostly water and protein material

Where most of the cell activities occur

Cilia and Flagella

They are hair-likeExtend from the surface of the cellCilia are shorter whereas flagella are longer and whip-likeA cell that has cilia usually has them all over, while there are only a few flagellaUsed for locomotion

Hair-like CILIA

Whip-like FLAGELLA

Ribosomes

The protein builders of the cellConnect one amino acid at a timeFound all around the cell, including floating in the cytoplasmAre split into two subunits: 60-S is large, while 40-S is small

Ribosome

60-S

40-S

Mitochondria

-Surrounded by a double membrane-Tube-like-The inner membrane is highly folded-Release food energy from food molecules-Sometimes referred to as the “POWERHOUSE” of the cell

Mitochondria and its inner structure. NOTE: two membranes.

Nucleus & Nucleolus

The communicator of the cell…communicating with the surrounding cytosolHolds the DNANucleolus makes ribosomesMost obvious organelle

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Like a labyrinthRough ones are covered with ribosomes, the smooth ones are notIn charge of moving proteins and other carbs to the Golgi apparatus, plasma membrabe, lysosomes, or where neededThe smooth ER is where vesicles are budded off

Golgi ApparatusProcesses

proteinsFound in 1898 by Camillo GolgiMade of membrane-bound stacks called cisternaeNormal Golgi can have 3 to 7 cisterna stacked like dinner platesUsed for cell secretion

Lysosomes

Contains digestive enzymesDigest worn-out organelles, food particles, and viruses or bacteria take in by the cellRequire a 4.5 pH levelLysis is Greek for destruction and soma means bodyMore acidic than the cytosol

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondria ribosome Cell membrane

nucleolous

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

nucleus

Nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus