© Learning ZoneXpress. 2 2 Introduction Most cooks use recipes A recipe is a list of ingredients...


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Introduction Most cooks use recipes

A recipe is a list of ingredients and directions to prepare a food

Following recipes will lead to success in the kitchen


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Introduction Successful cooks know:

How to read a recipe

Abbreviations

Measuring Techniques

Equivalents

How to Change a Recipe


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What’s In A Recipe? A formula!

The parts of the recipe tell you: Name

Ingredients

Directions

Yield

Equipment

Nutritional Analysis (optional)

Always read the recipe before you cook


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Quesadillas(Serves 4 - 2 per person)

8 flour tortillas1 cup grated cheese

1. Heat a frying pan over medium heat.

2. Place a tortilla in the pan.

3. Sprinkle 1/4 cup cheese on the tortilla.

4. Cover the cheese with another tortilla.

5. Cook about 1 minute, until brown and crisp. Then turn the quesadilla over. Cook until the cheese melts.

6. Place on a serving plate. Cut into pie shaped wedges.

7. Repeat process with remaining ingredients.

Parts of a Recipe A recipe usually includes:

YieldNumber of servings

the recipe makes.

DirectionsSteps you follow

to make the recipe.

Equipment

NameWhat the recipe is called.

IngredientsFood products

you need to make the recipe.


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Your Turn Think up a name for a recipe.

What is the yield? How many people will it serve?

Name each ingredient.

Write the steps in the order that you would prepare them.

Number each step. How many steps are there?

What special equipment is needed?


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What’s an Abbreviation? Abbreviation - The shortened form of a word.

Abbreviations in measuring units: Save space on the cookbook page.

Make recipes easier to read.


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The U.S. uses the English system: Teaspoon

Tablespoon

Cup

Pint

Quart

Gallon

Ounce/fluid ounce

Pound

Name the Abbreviations

tsp. or t.

Tbsp. or T.

c.

pt.

qt.

gal.

oz./ fl. oz.

lb.


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Name the Abbreviations Most other countries use

the metric system: Milliliter

Liter

Gram

Kilogram

ml

L

g

kg


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Name the Abbreviations More abbreviations:

Few grains, dash, pinch

Dozen

Inch

Second

Minute

Hour

Degree

Fahrenheit/Celsius

f.g.

doz.

in.

sec.

min.

hr.

º

F. / C


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Abbreviations Pop Quiz What do these stand for?

lb.

L

tsp. or t.

F.

qt.

fl. oz.


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Name That Utensil Use standard measuring utensils when

cooking or baking

Can you name them?


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The Right Measuring Utensil Name two ingredients measured using:

Measuring spoons?

Dry measuring cups?

Liquid measuring cup?

Which measuring utensils should you use? 1 1/3 cups flour

1 1/2 teaspoons baking powder

1/2 cup milk

2 tablespoons cooking oil


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Measuring Liquid Ingredients Liquid ingredients can include:

Milk, water, oil, juice, vanilla extract

1/4 cup or more of a liquid ingredient, use a clear, liquid measuring cup.

For smaller amounts use measuring spoons.


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Measuring Dry Ingredients What amount does each cup measure?


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Measuring Dry Ingredients Dry ingredients can include:

Flour, sugar, brown sugar, salt and baking powder.

To measure less than a 1/4 cup use a measuring spoon.

To measure 1/4 cup or more of a dry ingredient use a measuring cup.


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Measuring Dry Ingredients Measuring flour:

Do not pack

Scoop into cup and level with a knife

Measuring brown sugar: Pack tightly into cup or spoon

Level with a knife

Measuring granulated sugar: Fill cup

Level with a knife


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Dry/Solid Measuring CheckWhich of these amounts is greater? Write the amount.

1/2 cup or 3/4 cup

1/4 cup or 1/3 cup

1/4 cup or 2 Tbsp.

1/2 cup or 1/4 cup

1/4 cup or 3 tsp.

1 1/3 cup or 1 1/4 cup


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Measuring Solid Ingredients Measure solid fats in a dry measuring cup.

Pack into measuring cup Level with a spatula Use plastic scraper to remove from cup

Sticks of butter and margarine have measurements marked on the wrapper. One stick = 1/2 cup or 8 tablespoons


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Measuring Techniques Checklist Can you do these things?

3/4 cup sugar

1 cup flour

1 Tbsp. water

1 tsp. salt

1 Tbsp. flour

1 1/3 cups water

1/4 cup brown sugar

Ingredients & tools properly cleaned and stored.


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1 Tbsp. 1 tsp. + 1 tsp. + 1 tsp.

3/4 tsp. 1/4 tsp. + 1/4 tsp. + 1/4 tsp.

or 1/2 tsp. + 1/4 tsp.

1/8 tsp. half of 1/4 tsp.

1/8 cup 1 Tbsp. + 1 Tbsp.

Measuring Just With Spoons How to measure non-standard amounts:


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Basic Equivalents Equivalents are amounts that are equal to each other.

Dry/Liquid equivalents: Pinch or Dash = less than 1/8 teaspoon

1 Tablespoon = 3 teaspoons

1/4 cup = 4 Tablespoons

1/3 cup = 5 Tablespoons & 1 teaspoon



1 cup = 16 Tablespoons


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Basic Equivalents Here are some helpful hints:

1 Tablespoon = 3 teaspoons

1/4 c. = 4 Tbsp.


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Basic Equivalents 1 fluid ounce = 2 Tablespoons

8 ounces = 1 cup

16 ounces = 1 pound

1 pint = 2 cups

1 quart = 2 pints = 4 cups

1 gallon = 4 quarts = 8 pints = 16 cups


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Basic Equivalents To help you

remember:

A formula 4 qt. = 1 gal.

2 pt. = 1 qt.

2 c. = 1 pt.


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Equivalents at the Store At the store, many foods are sold by the pint

or by the quart, but recipes call for cups

Here is a helpful guide:

1 cup = 1/2 pint

2 cups = 1 pint

4 cups = 2 pints

4 cups = 1 quart

4 quarts = 1 gallon


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Equivalents at the StoreAnswer the following questions with one of these amounts:

1/2 pint 1 pint 1 quart

What size container will you buy if. . .

1. A recipe for salad calls for 2 cups of cottage cheese?

2. A recipe for a fruit dessert calls for 1 cup of whipping cream?

3. You need 4 cups of milk for pudding?

4. You need 2 cups of sour cream to make a dip?

5. A recipe for fruit salad says to mix 8 ounces of yogurt with fruit?


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Equivalents at the Store Figure out how many fluid ounces are in these amounts:

1 cup = ___ fl. oz.

1/2 pint = ___ fl. oz.

1 pint = ___ fl. oz.

1 quart = ___ fl. oz.

1 gallon = ___ fl. oz.


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Basic Equivalents Pop Quiz1. 1 pint = ____ cups

2. 1 gallon = ____ quarts

3. 1 quart = ____ cups

4. 1 cup = ____ tablespoons

5. 1 tablespoon = ____ teaspoons


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Putting Cups Together Useful amounts to know:

2/3 cup = 1/3 cup + 1/3 cup 3/4 cup = 1/2 cup + 1/4 cup 1/8 cup = half of 1/4 cup

1 cup = 1/2 cup + 1/2 cup 1 cup = 1/3 cup + 1/3 cup + 1/3 cup 1 cup = 1/4 cup + 1/4 cup + 1/4 cup + 1/4 cup

How would you measure these amounts: 1 1/4 cups? 2/3 cup? 3/4 cup?


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How Do You Measure Up? Double the recipe:

Chocolate Chip Cookies

Yields 3 dozen.

2 1/4 cup flour 3/4 cup brown sugar

1 teaspoon baking soda 1 teaspoon vanilla extract

1/4 teaspoon salt 2 eggs

1 cup margarine 2 cup chocolate chips

3/4 cup sugar


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How Do You Measure Up?

Chocolate Cake

2 cups sugar 2 teaspoons baking soda

1/2 cup butter 2 chocolate squares

2 eggs 1/2 teaspoon salt

1 cup buttermilk 2/3 cup warm water

2 1/2 cups cake flour 1 teaspoon vanilla extract

Half the recipe:


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BONUS

How Do You Measure Up? A recipe calls for one

egg and you make half the recipe, how might you half an egg?


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You’re the Expert Jenny is throwing a surprise birthday party for her best

friend Katie. She has decided to make Katie’s favorite, homemade pizza. There will be a total of 40 people at the party. Answer the following questions: The recipe says each pizza serves 4 people. By what number

should Jenny multiply each ingredient to make enough pizza for everyone?

The crust recipe calls for 1 1/2 cups of flour. How much flour will Jenny need to make enough pizza dough for everyone?

Jenny will be serving milk with the meal. She plans on using 8 oz. glasses. How many gallons of milk does she need to make sure everyone gets one glass of milk?


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Kitchen Math QuizWrite down the answers to the following questions.

1. 1 tablespoon is equivalent to __ teaspoons and 1 fluid ounce is equivalent to __ tablespoons.

a) 3, 4

b) 4, 1

c) 3, 2

d) 2, 3

2. How would you measure the following amounts?

a) 2/3 cup

b) 1/8 cup

c) 1 2/3 cup

d) 2 3/4 cups


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Kitchen Math Quiz3. The number of servings a recipe

makes is called its ________.a. serving size

b. yield

c. equivalent

d. supply

4. Match the term on the left with the appropriate abbreviation on the right.1. Pounds a. c.

2. cups b. Tbsp.

3. tablespoons c. lb.

4. teaspoons d. tsp.

5. ounces e. oz.


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Kitchen Math Quiz5 True or False:

a) Liquids should always be measured at eye level.

b) When measuring flour you should scoop it into a dry measuring cup, pack it, and level it with a straight edge.

c) One stick of butter is equal to 1 cup.

6 Look at each of the following measurements and determine which amount is larger:a) 1/3 cup or 1/4 cup

b) 1 pound or 18 ounces

c) 1 tablespoon or 4 teaspoons

d) 1 pint or 3 cups


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Applying What You Know Create a worksheet of math word problems based

on kitchen measurements. Be sure to create an answer sheet. Trade worksheets with a classmate and grade each other’s work.

Create new recipe cards that double and cut in half a favorite recipe. For extra credit make the recipe and evaluate the results.

Create an easy-to-read poster of common abbreviations and basic equivalents. Be sure to include visuals and display accurate information.


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Exploring the Web For more information:

http://www.applejournal.com/ref01.htm Basic kitchen measurements and abbreviations

http://www.learner.org/interactives/dailymath/cooking.html Measurements and substitutions


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© Learning ZoneXpress. 2 2 Introduction Most cooks use recipes A recipe is a list of ingredients...

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