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© K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa
Ecodesign Toolbox for Electrical Equipment
European Copper Institute PE Europe
LCE 2006LCE 2006
Wim DeprezWim DeprezIef PardonIef Pardon Johan DriesenJohan Driesen
K.U.Leuven – ESAT / Electa
Hans De KeulenaerHans De Keulenaer Constantin HerrmannConstantin Herrmann
© K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa
Introduction
Approach
Toolbox
Case Study
Conclusion
LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 2/26
Outline
• Introduction
• Approach
• Toolbox
• Case Study
• Conclusion
• Questions
© K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa
Introduction
Approach
Toolbox
Case Study
Conclusion
LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 3/26
IntroductionContext - Motivation
• Increasing Energy Demand vs Natural Resources
© K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa
Introduction
Approach
Toolbox
Case Study
Conclusion
LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 4/26
IntroductionContext - Motivation
• Increasing Energy Demand vs Natural Resources European Commission (WG E&T) > 30% by 2030
• Electricity Demand (Fossil & Renewables) 60%
© K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa
Introduction
Approach
Toolbox
Case Study
Conclusion
LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 5/26
IntroductionContext - Motivation
• In Contrast with Global Warming & Environment
Kyoto
© K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa
Introduction
Approach
Toolbox
Case Study
Conclusion
LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 6/26
IntroductionContext - Motivation
• Response & Interaction
€ Concern Image Strategy Legislation …. Other arguments
Academia, …
GovernmentsConsumers
Manufacturers
© K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa
Introduction
Approach
Toolbox
Case Study
Conclusion
LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 7/26
IntroductionElectrical Equipment
• Our Concern / Focus• Same Drivers
€ E Concern Image Strategy Legislation ….
• Directive 2005/32/EC Framework for setting of
eco-design requirementsfor EuPs
© K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa
Introduction
Approach
Toolbox
Case Study
Conclusion
LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 8/26
IntroductionElectrical Equipment
• Relevance• > 50% Electricity consumption in developed
countries and approx. 65% of electricity used in industry is consumed by E-motors Purchase cost vs operational cost
• Major part of environmental impact of EuPs is caused by its lifetime energy consumption
• E-consumption is linked with efficiency Increasing η means reducing losses ~ R.I^2 Definition of resistance: R ~ ρ.L/A > More material and/or better material or design
© K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa
Introduction
Approach
Toolbox
Case Study
Conclusion
LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 9/26
IntroductionElectrical Equipment
• Therefore: Ecodesign for EUPs is striking a balance between energy consumption, material use and ‘economics’
economical aspects
© K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa
Introduction
Approach
Toolbox
Case Study
Conclusion
LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 10/26
IntroductionThree Cornerstones
• In order to create a good climate for proper ecodesign and increased energy efficiency (certainly in the case of EuPs), there is a need for: Legislation
o E.g.: EuP Directive Simplification
o E.g.: Standards Education / Information
© K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa
Introduction
Approach
Toolbox
Case Study
Conclusion
LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 11/26
ApproachInitiative
• Knowledge Gap LCA-world <> Electrical Engineering Industry
• ECI initiativeSimplification
Education / Information
Ecodesign Toolbox for Electrical Equipment
for non Experts in LCA•Marketing tool•Educational tool•Ecodesign•…
© K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa
Introduction
Approach
Toolbox
Case Study
Conclusion
LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 12/26
ApproachPartners
• Initiator ECI
• LCA – Ecodesign Specialist PE Europe
• Material Manufacturers & Associations Electrical steel Construction steel Iron Aluminium Copper …
• EuP Manufacturers• Academic Partner
© K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa
Introduction
Approach
Toolbox
Case Study
Conclusion
LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 13/26
ApproachConsidered Equipment
• Criteria: Relevance Simplicity …
• Induction motors• Transformers• Cables
© K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa
Introduction
Approach
Toolbox
Case Study
Conclusion
LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 14/26
ApproachConsidered Equipment
• Induction motors• Transformers• Cables
© K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa
Introduction
Approach
Toolbox
Case Study
Conclusion
LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 15/26
ApproachMethodology
• Which Technique?• AgainCriteria:
» Relevance & Goal (≠ formal EPD)» Simplicity» …
• LCA? Too Holistic Egy consumption dominates > Hairsplitting
• More quantitative techniques [De Wulf] Indicator Approaches Environmental impact drivers approach
o Number & complexity of input data is consciously limited
o ! Simplification ≠ low quality of inventory LCA data!
© K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa
Introduction
Approach
Toolbox
Case Study
Conclusion
LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 16/26
ToolboxSoftware
• Gabi software University of Stuttgart
o Instit. Polymer Testing & - Scienceo PE Europe
• = user interface• Data & formulae
Gabi & EU LCA reference database Different partners
• Five separate tools (with comparison)• Reporting
(intro, goal & scope, inventory results & impact results)
© K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa
Introduction
Approach
Toolbox
Case Study
Conclusion
LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 17/26
ToolboxImplementation
• Data (is limited for user-friendliness & complixity) Still quite some data for each phase of life-cycle
o Production Phase o Utilisation (!!!! For EuPs biggest impact)o End-of-Life Phase
Define fractions for dismantling/shredding/… Depends on Product Cutt-off Criteria
• Impact categories Five Categories Considered
o Global Warming Potentialo Acidification Potentialo Eutrophication Potentialo Ozone Layer Depletion Potentialo Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential
© K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa
Introduction
Approach
Toolbox
Case Study
Conclusion
LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 18/26
ToolboxOverview Motors
• Production Copper Aluminium NGO-Steel Mech-Steel Cast Iron
• Utilisation
*(1 )* *year
RatingLoss Load Hours
© K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa
Introduction
Approach
Toolbox
Case Study
Conclusion
LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 19/26
ToolboxOverview Transformers
• Production Copper Aluminium GO-Steel Mech-Steel Cast Iron Porcelain or ceramic Insulator (epoxy > dry cooled
oil > oil cooled)
• Utilisation Direct Energy or
( * ( ) )* * _ /1000yearLoss LL sqr Load NLL lifetime operating h
© K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa
Introduction
Approach
Toolbox
Case Study
Conclusion
LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 20/26
ToolboxOverview Cables
• Production Underground cable
o Aluminum wireo Coppero PVC
Overhead lineso Also Steel wire
• Utilisation direct_energy = direct_loss*hours_loaded indirect_energy =
(resistance_Al+resistance_Cu)*0,000001*current_cores*sqr((load/100)* rated_currented)*hours_loaded
© K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa
Introduction
Approach
Toolbox
Case Study
Conclusion
LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 21/26
ToolboxValidation & Data Quality
• Goal ≠ formal EPD No third party validation is needed
• Philisophy Validate Methodology and Tool rather than the
individual declarations by it With simplifications on methodology NOT on data
• Data High quality
o Gabi, EU LCA database, partners… According to ISO 14014X series
• Applicable for broad product range
© K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa
Introduction
Approach
Toolbox
Case Study
Conclusion
LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 22/26
Case Study
• Three 1.5 kW induction motors• Input Area
© K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa
Introduction
Approach
Toolbox
Case Study
Conclusion
LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 23/26
Case Study
• Three 1.5 kW induction motors• Reporting Area
© K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa
Introduction
Approach
Toolbox
Case Study
Conclusion
LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 24/26
Case Study
• Three 1.5 kW induction motors• Impacts
CML2001,
Acidification
Potential (AP) [kg
SO2-Equiv.]
CML2001,
Eutrophication
Potential (EP) [kg
Phosphate-Equiv.]
CML2001, Global
Warming Potential
(GWP 100 years)
[kg CO2-Equiv.]
CML2001, Ozone
Layer Depletion
Potential (ODP,
steady state) [kg R11-
Equiv.]
CML2001,
Photochem. Ozone
Creation Potential
(POCP) [kg Ethene-
Equiv.]
Life cycle motor
(Type 1) 11.104 0.8093 2277.8 0.00064878 0.84219
Manufacturing motor 0.1163 0.0080805 30.154 2.7985E-006 0.01527
Recycling motor -0.051579 -0.0025316 -9.4105 -4.5383E-007 -0.0080436
Utilization motor 11.039 0.80375 2257.1 0.00064643 0.83496
Life cycle motor
(Type 2) 9.1476 0.6669 1885.6 0.00053272 0.69745
Manufacturing motor 0.15286 0.010771 41.278 3.4559E-006 0.020416
Recycling motor -0.047203 -0.0021911 -4.3936 -1.9763E-007 -0.0068492
Utilization motor 9.042 0.65832 1848.7 0.00052947 0.68388
Life cycle motor
(Type 3) 7.4558 0.54366 1544.9 0.00043251 0.57233
Manufacturing motor 0.19064 0.013432 50.857 4.5162E-006 0.025405
Recycling motor -0.043662 -0.0019155 -0.33331 9.7203E-009 -0.0058825
Utilization motor 7.3089 0.53214 1494.4 0.00042798 0.5528
© K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa
Introduction
Approach
Toolbox
Case Study
Conclusion
LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 25/26
Conclusion
• Ecodesign Toolbox for Electrical Equipment Non-experts >
o Trade-off complexity vs user-friendlinesso Only model simplifications not on data sets
No full LCA accuracy BUT applicable to broad range of product variations
Marketing, Education, …
• For EuPs >> Utilisation Phase!!
• New Project Systems
o E.g.: