Kinetic= motion All matter consists of small particles The molecules are in constant, random,...
-
Upload
melinda-terry -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
1
Transcript of Kinetic= motion All matter consists of small particles The molecules are in constant, random,...
![Page 1: Kinetic= motion All matter consists of small particles The molecules are in constant, random, rapid motion All collisions are elastic (no net.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfa31a28abf838c9690c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Phase Changes
![Page 2: Kinetic= motion All matter consists of small particles The molecules are in constant, random, rapid motion All collisions are elastic (no net.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfa31a28abf838c9690c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Kinetic= motion All matter consists of small particles The molecules are in constant, random, rapid motion All collisions are elastic (no net.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfa31a28abf838c9690c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Kinetic= motion
All matter consists of small particles
The molecules are in constant, random, rapid motion
All collisions are elastic (no net loss of energy)
Kinetic Theory
![Page 4: Kinetic= motion All matter consists of small particles The molecules are in constant, random, rapid motion All collisions are elastic (no net.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfa31a28abf838c9690c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
As temperature increases, the molecules velocity increases, increasing the pressure on the container.
![Page 5: Kinetic= motion All matter consists of small particles The molecules are in constant, random, rapid motion All collisions are elastic (no net.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfa31a28abf838c9690c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The average distance traveled between collisions.
An oxygen molecules will collide with other molecules 4.5 billion times per second!
Mean Free Path
![Page 6: Kinetic= motion All matter consists of small particles The molecules are in constant, random, rapid motion All collisions are elastic (no net.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfa31a28abf838c9690c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The temperature of a substance is a measure of the average kinetic energy of its particles.
Absolute zero – the temperature at which molecular motion stops (-273.15oC)
05
1015202530354045
100 200 300 400
temperature(K)
Kin
eti
c energ
y
![Page 7: Kinetic= motion All matter consists of small particles The molecules are in constant, random, rapid motion All collisions are elastic (no net.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfa31a28abf838c9690c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Caused by gas molecules colliding with the sides of a container
Force per unit area
Units:
Gas Pressure
2
1
m
Newton
1 atm = 101.3 kPa = 760 mmHg = 760 torr
![Page 8: Kinetic= motion All matter consists of small particles The molecules are in constant, random, rapid motion All collisions are elastic (no net.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfa31a28abf838c9690c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
How many mmHg is in one kPa?
kPa
mmHgkPa
3.101
7601 7.5 mmHg
![Page 9: Kinetic= motion All matter consists of small particles The molecules are in constant, random, rapid motion All collisions are elastic (no net.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfa31a28abf838c9690c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Kinetic= motion All matter consists of small particles The molecules are in constant, random, rapid motion All collisions are elastic (no net.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfa31a28abf838c9690c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Open Manometer – atmosphere exerts pressure on one side and gas sample exerts pressure on the other side◦ Add if gas pressure is greater◦ Subtract if air pressure is greater
Closed Manometer (barometer) – vacuum on one side, gas pressure on the other side◦ No addition or subtraction necessary
Measuring Pressure
![Page 11: Kinetic= motion All matter consists of small particles The molecules are in constant, random, rapid motion All collisions are elastic (no net.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfa31a28abf838c9690c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Kinetic= motion All matter consists of small particles The molecules are in constant, random, rapid motion All collisions are elastic (no net.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfa31a28abf838c9690c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Kinetic= motion All matter consists of small particles The molecules are in constant, random, rapid motion All collisions are elastic (no net.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfa31a28abf838c9690c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
States of Matter
State Shape Volume Compressible?
Flows?
Solid Definite Indefinite
No No
Liquid Indefinite
Definite No Yes
Gas Indefinite
Definite Yes Yes
![Page 14: Kinetic= motion All matter consists of small particles The molecules are in constant, random, rapid motion All collisions are elastic (no net.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfa31a28abf838c9690c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Kinetic= motion All matter consists of small particles The molecules are in constant, random, rapid motion All collisions are elastic (no net.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfa31a28abf838c9690c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Kinetic= motion All matter consists of small particles The molecules are in constant, random, rapid motion All collisions are elastic (no net.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfa31a28abf838c9690c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Kinetic= motion All matter consists of small particles The molecules are in constant, random, rapid motion All collisions are elastic (no net.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfa31a28abf838c9690c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Kinetic= motion All matter consists of small particles The molecules are in constant, random, rapid motion All collisions are elastic (no net.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfa31a28abf838c9690c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The pressure produced when vapor particles above a liquid collide with container walls; a dynamic equilibrium exists between the liquid and the vapor.
Vapor pressure increases with temperature. A substance with weak intermolecular forces
has a high vapor pressure and low boiling points. (these are volatile – alcohols, ethers)
A substance with strong intermolecular forces has a low vapor pressure and high boiling point (these are nonvolatile – water, molasses, glycerol)
Vapor Pressure
![Page 19: Kinetic= motion All matter consists of small particles The molecules are in constant, random, rapid motion All collisions are elastic (no net.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfa31a28abf838c9690c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Critical Point – above this temperature, no amount of pressure can liquefy it.
Triple Point – all three phases are in equilibrium
Phase Diagrams
![Page 20: Kinetic= motion All matter consists of small particles The molecules are in constant, random, rapid motion All collisions are elastic (no net.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfa31a28abf838c9690c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Kinetic= motion All matter consists of small particles The molecules are in constant, random, rapid motion All collisions are elastic (no net.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfa31a28abf838c9690c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Kinetic= motion All matter consists of small particles The molecules are in constant, random, rapid motion All collisions are elastic (no net.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfa31a28abf838c9690c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)