© Joe Mertz –Technology for International Development 1
Transcript of © Joe Mertz –Technology for International Development 1
©JoeMertz– TechnologyforInternationalDevelopment 1
• Teachingliteracybyputting lyricsand“followthebouncingball”onmusicvideosandthenconvincingbroadcasterstoputthemontheair.
• Improvechildren’sschoolperformancebyhousingcomputersinadult-proofenclosuresandputtingtheminplaygrounds.
• Buildingportable internetcafesinmodularshippingcontainersthat couldconnectvillagestoeducational,medical,andcommercialservicesviaincludedcomputers,scanners,projectors,telemedicalequipment,andsatelliteInternetconnectivity,allpoweredbysolarenergy.
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• Theproblem:literacyinIndia
• Indiahadanestimated146millionfully-literate,327millionearly-literate,and387millionnon-literatepeople.
• Thecensusoverestimatestheliteracyrate:– “literate”==1yearofschoolingorwritetheirname.
• Morethanhalfthepeopleconsideredtobe“literate”bythecensus,cannotreadtheheadlineofanewspaper.Source:PlanetRead:http://planetread.org/images/pdf/research/Research%20Summary_SLS.pdf
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• Theidea– Samelanguagesubtitling(similar to“followthebouncingball”)providedonpopulartelevisionshows.• http://www.planetread.org
– Broadcastto wholeregionsofthecountry– Targetsearly-literates,givingthemsupportedreadingpractice
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• 2002,SLSwasaddedtoRangoli– AnationallytelecastprogramofHindifilmsongs
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Doubled
Halved
Source:PlanetRead:http://planetread.org/images/pdf/research/Research%20Summary_SLS.pdf
• Impactonnewspaperreading
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• Eyefixation:
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• Win-win:– SLSispreferredonsong-basedprogrammingby90%viewers.– WhentherewasnoSLSonRangoli,
• 27%reportedtoberegularviewersoftheprogram.– WithSLS:
• 40%– RatingsofTVprogramswentupbyatleast15%whenSLSwasadded.
• Results– Theyarelookingatit– Theylikeit– Anditimprovesliteracy– Forlittlecost
• 5-20paisaperpersonperyear
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• 9/2013:“TheInternationalPrize”aliteracyawardfromLibraryofCongress,Washington,D.C.,USA
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• May2015:SLSonallthesongsof10weeklyMarathimoviestelecastinprimetimeandonZeeTalkies,thestate’smostpopular24x7Marathimoviechannel.
• Maharashtra- SLS• Gujarat– noSLS
Source:http://planetread.org/images/pdf/research/Research-Article-2015-SLS-Impact-in-Maharashtra-Aug-4-2015.pdfNote:Sourceisagrantreport
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Source:http://www.hole-in-the-wall.com/docs/Paper06.pdf
• http://www.hole-in-the-wall.com/
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• ChiefScientistatNIIT– (NIIT:AnITsolutionsandservicecompany)
• 1999:Carveda“holeinthewall”ofthebackoftheNIITofficesadjoiningaverypoorareaofKalkaji,NewDelhi.
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• Mitra,S.andRana,V.(2001).“ChildrenandtheInternet:ExperimentswithminimallyinvasiveeducationinIndia”,TheBritishJournalofEducationalTechnology,32(2),221-232.
• Mitra,S.(2003).“MinimallyInvasiveEducation:Aprogressreportonthe"Hole-in-the-wall"experiments”.BritishJournalofEducationalTechnology,34(3),367-371.
• Mitra,S.(2005)“Selforganising systemsformasscomputerliteracy:Findingsfromthe‘holeinthewall’experiments“InternationalJournalofDevelopmentIssues4(1),71 - 81
• Mitra,S.andDangwal,R.(2010),Limitstoself-organising systemsoflearning—theKalikuppam experiment.BritishJournalofEducationalTechnology,41:672–688.doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2010.01077.x
• Ritu Dangwal Krati SharmaSantonu Hazarika ,(2014),"Hole-in-the-WalllearningstationsandacademicperformanceamongruralchildreninIndia",JournalforMulticulturalEducation,Vol.8Iss 1pp.31- 53
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• Brickstructure• Glass-covered“holes”showcomputermonitors• Metallidcoverseachmonitor,keyboard,mousecombo– Sunshadeduringoperationalhours
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• Heightofmonitorandlidrequiresadultstostoop
• Keyboardprotectedbycowlrequiringsmallhands
• Designedtoensurechildren(<13)havepriorityaccess
16http://www.hole-in-the-wall.com/solution.html
• Seatingclosetothewall
• Uncomfortablefortallpeople
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• Buildingarrangedsoscreensfacenorth-east– Toavoidsunglare
• Placedinsafe,publiclocations– E.g.playgrounds–Wherescreensvisibletopassingadults–Minimizesvandalism,theft,accessingpornography,etc.
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• Hasnomovingparts• Sixmetalcircles(touchbuttons)embeddedonaplasticplate– Twotopbuttonsforleftandrightclick– Fourbuttonsbelowforcursormovement
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• Keyboardcoveredbya cowltoprotectfromdust• Userinsertshandundercowl• Openingbelowcowlonlybigenoughforsmallhands
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• Noessentialsoftwareordatacanbedeletedorrenamed
• Desktopiconscannotbedeleted• Unusedprogramsareautomaticallyclosed.• Computerautomaticallyrebootsonhangs
• MinimallyInvasiveEducation– Apedagogicmethodthatusesthelearningenvironmenttogenerateanadequatelevelofmotivationtoinducelearningingroupsofchildren,withminimal,orno,interventionbyateacher.
• Inacontrolledstudies– Childrendevelopbasiccomputerliteracy• Muchbetterthanstudentswithnoinstruction• Almostaswellasstudentswithformalclasses
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• PlaygroundLearningStations– India– Bhutan– Cambodia– andcountriesinAfrica
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• SelfOrganizedLearningEnvironments– Studentsworkingontheirown
• SelfOrganizedMediatedEnvironments– Workingwitha"grandmother":
• "That'simpressivedear,tellmemore."• Researchquestion:– CouldTamil- speakingchildreninaremoteIndianvillagelearnbasicmolecularbiologyinEnglishontheirown?
– Couldafriendlymediatorwithnoknowledgeofthesubjectimprovetheperformanceofthesevillagechildren?
– HowwouldthelearningandtestscoresofthesechildreninaremotevillagecomparewiththoseofchildrenwhowerefluentinEnglishandtaughtbysubjectteachersinalocalstategovernmentschoolandthoseattendinganaffluent,privateurbanschool?
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• Identifiedaruralvillage,withaHole-In-The-Wall,Englishistaught,butnotused,andadultswouldhavelittletonoknowledgeofmolecularbiology.
• Controlandexperimentalgroups• Preandposttests• DownloadedmaterialtotheHole-In-The-Wallconcerningmolecularbiology– Seeexample:http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/
• Prompt:"Thereissomeinterestingnewmaterialonthecomputer,itisinEnglishanditmaybeabithardtounderstand,butwillyoutakealookatit?"
• 75daysofunsupervisedtime.• 75daysofmediatedtime.
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Erroneouspoint
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• Vikas Swarup,theauthorofQ&A,whichledtotheOscar-winningmovieSlumdogMillionaire:“Iwasinspiredbyhole-in-the-wallproject,whereacomputerwithanInternetconnectionwasputinaDelhislum.Whentheslumwasrevisitedafteramonth,thechildrenofthatslumhadlearnthowtousetheInternet.Irealised thatthere’saninnateabilityineveryonetodosomethingextraordinary,providedtheyaregivenanopportunity.”
– Source:http://www.indianexpress.com/story-print/1080891/
– Alsoseevideo:• http://edition.cnn.com/video/#/video/world/2009/02/22/sidner.india.slumdog.inspiration.cnn?iref=videosearch
• DrSugata Mitra wonthe2013$1millionTEDPrize– Source:http://www.ted.com/pages/prizewinner_sugata_mitra
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• "LittleIntelligentCommunities"• Source:
TheMissingPiece:Human-DrivenDesignandResearchinICTandDevelopmentbyBrand&Schwittay
• Usedshippingcontainersastelecentres• DroppedintoformerlyunconnectedvillagesinCostaRica
• OpenedtogreatfanfareinAugust2000• ClosedbyNovember2002
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• Whywasitnotsustainable?– Howtheprojectwasinitiated?– Howitwasimplemented?– That sustainabilitywasnotbuiltinfromthebeginning?
– Thatrecycledshippingcontainershaveanegativeculturalstigma?
–WewillalsolookatprojectslikeLINCOS• Bytheendofthecourse,youwillbefamiliarwiththepatternofunsustainablemethods, andsustainableones.
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• Syllabus– Requirements
• Schedule• Wiki:–Wheretofindit– Howtoedit
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• FillinyourPersonalBiopage– Seedirectionsinwiki:
• http://t4id.wikispaces.com/Personal+bio+page• Reading1:DevelopmentAgendasandthePlaceofICTs
– WhatareyourthoughtsonthequestionUnwin raises:• "...whetheritisactuallypossibletouseICTs effectivelytohelptransformthelivesofpoorpeopleandmarginalizedcommunitiesdespitetheglobalintereststhatseektomaintaincompetitiveadvantagesandthusdigitaldivides..."
• "Andifitisindeedpossible,howcanthisbestbeachieved?"• Reading2:OnTurbocharged,Heat-Seeking,RoboticFishingPoles
– Ponder&answer:• WhatisToyama'smajorthesis(ortheses)?• Whatisyouroverallassessmentofit(orthem)?• Doyousomewhatormostlyagreeordisagree?
• Bringtoclass– Referto:http://t4id.wikispaces.com/Class+participation
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