: ISSN : 2455-0531 ˜ !# 2019 %&’ :4 :16 1 · ISSN : 2455-0531 ˜ !"# 2019 %&’ :4 :16 1 inam:...

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Transcript of : ISSN : 2455-0531 ˜ !# 2019 %&’ :4 :16 1 · ISSN : 2455-0531 ˜ !"# 2019 %&’ :4 :16 1 inam:...

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February 2019, Issue:16 www.inamtamil.com

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February 2019, Issue:16 www.inamtamil.com

����� 2019 �� : 4 ��� : 16 February 2019 Volume IV Issue 16

!"#$ ... ���� ����

������� : ���� ������� ����� Pālaikkali: Kāṭciyum karuttākka uttikaḷum

� ��� �.�.������ / Dr.P.S.Moovendan I 4

"#�$ ��%&�'& ()* ���+"�&�,- ./0 sanga padalkalil kootrum kathaicholliyin kuralum

(Narrator voice) � ��� $.��%&� / Dr.A.Chandran I 12

?&��$��@& ABC�/DE& ��F�� GEH �I��J K/L��

Ethnography records and pastoral cultural traditions in Mullaippattu

� ��� $.*+,-�./ / Dr.A.Arunachalam I 19

P�Q�R)S& .ST� Akanāṉūṟṟil kuṟiñci � ��� 4.5�&4- / Dr.M.Prema - � ��� �78�

5&-�89 / Dr.Jesin Frances - � ��� $.>�� / Dr.A.sharmi I 27

?-@5 A.BC/

��$����/ GXY�EH ./�C,& GZKB �[HF�\ Subconscious feelings of "Aaichiyar Kuravai" in

Silappathikaram

� ��� �.?D,�-�� / Dr.S.Kannadasan I 33 �� b& Kc�/ Silampil maturai

� ��� �78� 5&-�89 / Dr.Jesin Frances - � ���

4.5�&4- / Dr.M.Prema - � ��� $.>�� / Dr.A.sharmi I 39

�F?-. A.BC/ +��-d�e- ‘g�%&’ Q�C& - �-?�$ ��H�C

Thedal Navalum Panmugap Parvaiyum � ��� �-.G9�&� / Dr.P.Eswaran I 45

+��X���& .��/ Q�C�& P#�� ����\ The trick in the Poikkal Kuthirai

� ��� �.�-.�@5&4J� / Dr.M.Balasubrahmanian I 52

Inam ISSN : 2455 - 0531 UAN.TN03D0061112

�01 230456 �789: �;<4=>��

An Internationally Refereed e_ Journal of Tamil Studies

2F�24G�9 H70� H.HIJK :F

�;� !�>�#2�4G�9 �L� M2 NOP�, FRSG - 17.

H70� �.L:F9�4U �;� !�>�#2�4G�9

�VWJ�43 N7� XY>9O NOP�, #N491Z:[ - 28.

]#�4L70^ _` H70� aL.7�.LbHN1 (G�12�1) H70� e.��4L4�41 (f4N #N4gO)

H70� G�1Z f4.aLO��4e (ZWS#L�) H70� f.#�hSL4; (#L�1)

]G�9 _` H70� ].�i (ZWS#L�) H70� N.24�4j (#N47�)

H70� ��4._8k�3 (FRSaLl#N46) H70� ��4.��4m4 (FRSG) H70� G.��>LlN (�W7�) H70� 2.G��4RF (�4=�4VW) H70� L.H:WSaLO�1 (�W7�)

H70� L4.>m9 �4#mJ�� (�nL4o ) FR e.pNV��4L4 (]JF#�q94)

��<4^NH1 a�rs61 ����� �.�� ��

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February 2019, Issue:16 www.inamtamil.com

m.�oZY+"&D,- ‘p��q’ Q�C�& �.L[HY�� g����J

The theoretical theory in 'Geetari' novel by Thamizhaldevi

� ��� *.4M ���9%-� / Dr.A.Maria Sebasten I 62

��/���"- ��%$L�'& +�Ivq�K� �������/#�\ - w� ��H�C

Feminist characters in Bharathidasan creation - a vision 4-.A&-.A&-OP4-� / M.R.Rajkumar I 65

�ozCe- G@$���C g��� : {D/ ����g�HF |B/T"�� ���g���. Tamiḻavaṉiṉ āṭippāvai pōla:

Tīvira kataittērvum jaṉarañcakak kataipōkkum $.G9�&� / A.Eswaran I 71

�&.-T - ��?� - UV� - ?�V� P�� �&D� ���K ��%ECH�\ P���F

" ������ (@ECH�\ - +���'E& gQ��. Those with higher education are highly earned -

economical orientation �-?��W% - ����- I 75

?c.���/�H MUDUKULATHURAR ��.�X�-� / S.MUNIYASAMY I 87

K��cC DT��B��- w��� �*���� PC)S- P�K�$ ��#.

Moral violations of medical science are also permitted *M�&W%�/ *�,7- / Ariyarethinam Anesha I 94

UGC APPROVED JOURNAL NO: 64244

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P�� �&D� ���K ��%ECH�\ P���F " ������ (@ECH�\ - +���'E& gQ��.

Those with higher education are highly earned - economical orientation

�-?��W% - ����- ? .4-J 4-,��, ��-+_� ` a

? .?.-�-& bc/, CdBP@ ��? .B?d?/ ���-T� ., A.e ?. [email protected]

Abstract: This essay studies to find about the more educated persons earn more money. This title based on economical human capital theory and current examples. Today we can get money from many ways. But more money earners invest in education. In the studies time they have opportunity cost. But they hope in the future we can get more money than other low educated persons. We can see this situation in our real world. The paper aims to point out if we invest in education, we must get more money in the future.

Keywords: educated persons, money, economical, human, capital theory, Gary Becker, 4X� A�/, �.��B �?-r�-s, tB?-B�?-, %�-�c-�, *uv, �dB?/.

w.C� ��-�u 4X� A�/ ��T4% �-x���-P/. ��-+y-�-& ��F�-rsc� 4X��?z {���-+�+/ 5�X@ 5 ,�%+BC�a��. wF�W%V � �4F�?-z�`, wF�W%V� �|-B?e?_ � }?��` 4X���-P/. {���-+ 4X��?_~ c �-�B ?BP/ �,/ ���` *W%-�t4-� {�a-?B ?-,@�sC�a`. 4X��?z {���-+�+/ ����T�rc ��� ??_� �+4-�e? y �/�-%BC�a��. A� a |�� �y��t c�� ��-+y-�-& w.C� 4X�� ��Xc/ wzy ��c $Fa�? y ��-+W�4-� � ?V� ���sW% �+4-�W% � w d@5� �./ ��TC�a-�. *�� � ?V��-� 4X��?z �e? y {+ �.��4-? ��@�sW%B �?-Ds �+4-�W% �@ ��a �W�XBC�a��.

4X� �.��B �?-r�-s

4X� �.��4-�` tB?-B�?- ��? .B?d?W% �� ����� ��-+y-�-& �U,&-� �|-�� �M� ��Fa �?M ��B?� (Gary Becker) 4FT/ �7B?@ ���� (Jacob Mincer) $C�-&-� 5&��@�sW�@�rc`. %�-�c-� ��rt~ c (Theodore Schultz) �e?_@UB? y�/ A` Pu@5sCa`. 4X� �.��B �?-r�-s *uv, �dB?/, ��? 4FT/ $� 4@ �DU? yB PuBCa`. � c@�-Fa� wz_rc ��-+y-�-& 4%@ � wF�W% ��x��F?-� w dBP/ %a ��/ wzycBC`. �J? ���-?/ 4FT/ }DJ�@ ��-+_� | c� a?_� ?-,@�s/ 4X��y �4.-D 4 �Fu $xvc� A` �|+B?4-?� ��-c�U c�-?B ?-,@�sC�a`. 4X� �.��/ �Fu ?+W�-�` 18$/ �Fa-D�� *c/9�W%~ c ?-.@�P%V� ��-Fa/ ��Fa�-?B ?-,@�sC�a`.

����� - ��� - ���� - ���

K�$b%$+�)�c

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4X� �.��/ ���` {+ ��-�.-_-� %&rc@�rc ta@UW�� 4V� A+@�-P/. A` �%�?-.W%� *�� �+4-�/ w dBP/ $Fa�BP@ ��T4%_BC�a`. ����? �.��W �@ ��-.�� ?c��?-. ���r�� {+ ��T��a-? 4X� �.��/ A+@�`c�, �%�?-. �+4-�e? y w+�-BP� � �|-B?4-?B �?-Dszy`. �� ��T�-s?z ��T�rc ��-�.-yM c� wF�W%W %a� ��T�-r c �F�sW`��-? 4-Xc �.��B �?-r�-s Pu@5sC�a`. ����t� c ��-�.-y�?�BP *%? �� .@ ��T4-�/ ?-,@�sCa`.

�X~/ 4-Xc �.��W �@ ��-TW�� &V� *�� ���s ��-c��-? *��?z ���yv ���s��� �./ ��` ��-�� wF�W% %a � *%?M@�` ���` 5&�t �-?B ?-,@�sC�a`. 4X� �.�� ���s?z ���` ?� 4FT/ ��-�F�Ft ��-�a�Fu� ��-� ��.�s? y 4rs/ �?-D�+@�%� .. *�~z �?-�-&W` a �%-� ��.��e?�/ wzyceCB ?-,@�sC�a`. |�P ?� ?Fa *%?yv �VFa@�rc ��� P a�� ?�uv �?-Dc �VFa@�c-� {+ �� &c *%?y� ���B? wF�W%? y �&/�� ��xB�� �? 4 @ ��Fu+@�-�.

�-c�- .V� {+ �+c/ ?�V� ���s ��x�` �X-� �-c�- .B?-� ?rc,/ *�.` ��T ?rc,/, UW�?/, UW�?@ �� ��.v ����vc� �� . ��x��� �./ wc��-? w dB?B�� �+4-�W � AdB?��D� A+��-�/ �%�?-.W%� �,�+4-�4-? *�.` ��-�� y � *%?M@��-?B ?-,@�s/. �� ��T�-s?z, ��T�rc ��-�.-y�?_ c� wF�W%W%a� ��T�-r cB PuBC�a` �� 4X� �.��/ �s�?-z �?-zCa`. $?�� ����t� c�-� *%? �� .@ ��T4-� wF�W%�c� �s�.-� �+4-�/ ��TC�a��. *��?y` ��-�� wF�W%W%a � *%?M@��FP ���yv ���s ��x��Ds/ ���� �W ��4-X@��� ��-�.-y�?_� 5&�t �-P/.

�4F?W�� |-s?z ���%�/ ���?-.W%� 4X� �.�� �?-r�-r���� ?� ���` ��� 4-� {+ ��-+y-�-&� �-��4-? A+BC�a`. �����-� 4X� �.��B �?-r�-s �4F?W�� ?�V� �?v/ ����-BPB �� ��-+y-�-&B �?-r�-c-?B ?-,@�sC�a`. 4X��?_� �.��4-? ��-��}r� 4-Fa/, $&-x�t, ?Ds5�@U, wF�W%, ?� 4FT/ ��-r�W�� 4 ��-�a ����T ��-+y-�-& ta@5�UW �� 4?y-�` ��-+y-�-&� ��FurcW � ��,VB? {+ �BC ��.-�-4-? wzy`.

4X� �.��B �?-r�-s, wzy-��� 4FT/ *ycB�� ��-+y-�-& 4%@ � w+�-P��F?-� %aX� wzyceCV+BP/. 4X� �.��B �?-r�-s �P%, *uv, ��? 4FT/ �X@�rc �DU?_� �4-W� �eP $P/. 4X� �.��W%� �eP ��-+y-�-& �y��t, wF�W%W%a� �P@�-xv, U` 4, ��-`B�?-z ? 4FT/ ?� $C�Fu� �&�.-? �-%B?@�sC�a`. 4X� �.��B �?-r�-r�� *�@� cB ?+W` �����X� �X|��?_� ���s?z ��?W%FP@ �e?_B?B �� ��-+y-�-& 4%@5� *�@� cV� ?J� �%-? *yc@�sCa`. 4X� �.��/ ��+/�-�/ ?.-��-& �.��/, ��? �.��/, ��-+y-�-& �.��/ 4FT/ * c-y �.��/ ��-�a 5Mv?y-?@ 5MB?@�rszy`. 4X� �.��/ ��C�a �D,B?+� ����-BP� ���W`/ �BC ce? yB ���+/ � &�c/ 1.1 �./ ��_�-?@ UM�`�?-zy.-/.

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Human Capital

KnowledgeAbilities

Skills

EducationTraining

Experience

Judgment

� &�c/: 1.1

|�� 4X� �.��B �?-r�-c-�` * �W` 4X� |cW �?z ���%&4-?@ ��-r�Vs/ �� �?_� ����s/ �X|��?_� �|. |.�? y *�@� c-?B �?-Dc �. A` U% w.?@ ��-+y-�-&W%� �eP��T��F?-� �BCW`�4-? ?� 4FT/ �VFtV� �BCW`�W � ���TW`C�a`. 4X� �.��W%� ta@U@ �D�-� ?�V� ���s��� �./ �+4-�W% � w dBC�a 4V � ��+/�-.-� |-s?z wT%-xB ? c@5�BC�a�. ���� ?-� ��-+y-�-&W% �@ 5��FTC�a |-r��/ ?� 4rcW%� �e? y wr�sW%B �?-Dc 4X��?z {+��-`/ �+4-� �%��-�@5� ��-� c4-rc-�?z. A� � ��-c��`�+/ ce?z 4FT/ | c� a �?�v?�c� Uz_�& �%-� �&v?�c� $&-x��-/.

��T�rc ?� 4rce?�B?-� ��T�rc ��B�?-s@��v?z

���+/ � &�c/ 1.2$�` ��T�rc ?� 4rce?�B?-� ��T�rc ��B�?-s@��v ��-c��-� yB?e?_ � �dePC�a`.

� &�c/: 1.2

Annual

Income

Year

Increment

Earning

Indirect

Cost

Direct

Cost

H

16 22 65

H

C

C

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�4F�� � &�c/ 1.2A� �� H-H �~/ �?-c-�` 18 �` w�?� � & ?� ?Fa ���?y` �+c-�%& �/�yW �B ?-rsC�a`. C-C �~/ �?-r�� �� 18 - 22 � &-� 4 �+c �rc@��@5� 5���& ���?z ����� �V~z } dC�a��. AB?-.@�P%V� *��?�BP �F�cB�� ��.��e?y-? �|&�� ��.��e?z, 4 a�?� ��.��e?z ?-,@�sC�a�. AeP �F�s/ �4-W�� ��.��e? y 4X� �.��W%F?-� ?� ��-� ���s?y-?B ?-,@�sC�a�. *� � �|��?-r��-� �dFa@�rc �P%?_�c-?B ?-rc.-/. 22 �`BP@ 5��� �rc@��@ � ��W% ��x` �?-Dc ���?z ��� �� �V~z } d�` w�?� ?Fa��? yc �+c-��/ *%?yv w dW`B �?-z�� �B ?-,.-/. A� � * .��.-� �dFa@�rc �P%V�c-?B ?-rc.-/.

�` *�@� cV� ?�W�&W�BP �F� �+4-�e?_� *yv

���+/ � &�c/ 1.3 � &�c4-�` ?��/, �� . *~���/ w��� �+4-�e?�BP �e?-FTC�a` ��� �W ��_vaB ?-rsC�a`. *�-�` ��T ?�W �? 4? y w c ��-�.-y�?_� �%� *�@� cV� w dBP/ �+4-�/ ���-T 4-Fa4 cC�a` ���� �B ?-rsC�a`. ��? .B?d?/ *�.` � � w� �rce?z, w��&/ *�.` � � �? 4?z ���` ta@�-?@ �-c�- .V�+�` .C��?�BP@ ��-+W�4-��-? * 4C�a`. *W`c� A��rc� , �Fa-? �P%Fa��?�BP A cV.-� ��T�-r c�/ ?-rsC�a`.

� &�c/: 1.3 *% w��� ?�W�& *�@� cV� �` �+�-x * 4@U

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�4F?-rc@�rszy � &�c4-�` UKA� ���|& �� .V� Gs�rszy $D?_� �+�- B ?-rsC�a`. ?�4rc *�@� cV�/ �+�-x *%?MBC�a` (Source: Reproduced with permission of the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, General Household Survey).

A�� &�c4-�` A&Ds �BC4-� ce? y w,�W`Ca`.

1. w�?�W �&� c 4B?z �s�.-? w dBC�a��.

2. �` *~�� *�@� cV.-� ��T�-s ��-c��t-? �y��t c�` ���Ca`.

wc� |./ �B? Ay/ 4B?z �P%Fa��?y-? A+��-�/ ?��4-? �� .��x` ��y�-� �,W � w dB? ���/. $�-� �4xB�� ��-c��t-? *%?MW`� ����/ �� �%��-�B? ��-`. wD 4-? 30$�` �%� *��?y` w d@U �+4-�/ w��W � * c�`zy`. 4T� .-? �? w��� ?�W�&/ w c��?z %a 4Fa��?_� �� c {+ tuyv �s�.-� �� @ ��TC�a��. $�-� *��5�U *��?y` w dBP/ �-�|-_� ��-c��` *%?MW`� ����/ �+4-�W% �� *%?/ ��TC�a��.

�4F�� � &�c/ 1.3$�` w� ?�W �? 4� c��?z �?B ?��4-� ��-��BP� ���C�a�� ��� �B Pu@5sC�a`. A%� w���? y@ ��a �Dc ?-./ �sBP/. w��� *~��W`c~/, w���-��?�c~/, wF�W% %a~/, �/�ye?�/ �? &�-? *%?M@� cC�a�. w�?�W �? 4� c�-� �Dc?-./ �VFt��a ��D� ?��4-� ��-��BP� ������-� *~�� �%��t�-s/, ��-�� ����t�-s/ wF�W%W %a~/, ���/ ��-c��t-? *%?MBP/.

w���@5 � w c��?z �� w� �+4-�W �@ ��TC�a�� ����FP A+ ��T�rc �BC4-� yB?e?z wzy�.

1. ?� �|&�-? ��W%� wF�W%W%a � *%?MW` *��-� wc��-?��- *�.` 5F?-.W%�.- w� w d@U �+4-�W �@ ��T��FP ���PBC�a`.

2. ��M� wF�W%W%a � *%?MBC�a ta@UW �P%BP ?� �e?-FT�%� .. ?�BP �4.-? ��T�rc %a 4? y �/4?W�� w c��?z. A��-T %a 4 �?-Dc w� A� 4� c 4B?z w� wF�W%W%a� w c��?z. ���X� ��T�rc ?�� ��-��? y *��?z ?FTB �?-zy.-/. A��-a-� %a 4?z * �W`/ 5aBP/��-�� �F�rs s/.

?� ?Fa ��+B?-� �� �

w� ?�W�&/, wF�W%W %a~BP@ �e?-FTC�a`. ���+/ � &�c/ 1.4 w�?�W�&� c ��-�.-y�?�B?-� �� � B ?-rsCa`.

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February 2019, Issue:16 www.inamtamil.com

� &�c/: 1.4

�4F�� � &�cW%� �� � .BPW��� w�?�W�&� c, w�?�W�&4Fa ��-�.-y�?�B?-� �� ��T�-r� �B ?-rsC�a`. A` w�?�B?-� ��B?rc,4-P/. C c�t� w�?�W �&� c ��@� cV� C�W � *ysC��a-/. D -�` w�?�W �&� c ��-�.-y�?�B?-� �?z � yV-P/. w�-&,4-? B Uz_V� �� ��T�-s �? w��-P/. *W`c� A/�4.%? ?�W�&W`c� tuyv C�-�-&W ��- ? ��-�.-y�? y �T��/ ��D� �FC�a`. �?B P a�� ��T�-s c C Uz_V� ��W� ��-�.-y�?�B?-� �?z �? w��-P/. ���|-BC �M�` ����/ �?z � yV-�` (D) w�?�W �&� c ��-�.-y�?z *%? wF�W%W%a� �-x����?z ��B ?+`?. $�-� ��W� ��-�.-y�? y �� .BP *4�W`��-� �T��/ P a�` ����/ y � �%��?-zCa`. ���-u+�`/ ?c��?-. ?�W�&W ��4-�e?_� AW� ? ��-�.-y�?_� �&/�� � .-��-P/.

PTe?-. �&/�� � yV (S) ����-? � .BPW�-?B ?-,@�sCa`. ���X� PTe?-.W%� ?�W�&/ �?-Dc ���? y w+�-BP�` ?��/. *��-� *�~ c �&/�� � .-��-?B ?-,@�s/. �Dc ?-.W%� w�?�W �&� c ��-�.-y�?�B?-� S1 �&/�� � yV �4��|-BC �M� cC�a`. w�?�W�&W%FP ��y�-� �� �deP/ ��F�-c-�` �-c�- . rs .P/ 4-,��?z �� . ��T� �W ��W` �4.%? ��@ � �4F�?-z� � �BPBP/. ?� ?Fa ��-�.-y�?�B?-� �Dc?-. �&/�� � yV �4� �|-BC �M�` ���C�a`.

PTe?-.W%� ?� ?Fa ��-�.-y�?�B?-� N0A� � .-? wzy`. $�-� �Dc?-.W%� ?�?Fa ��-�.-y�?�B?-� �� *%?4-?B ?-,@�s���-� *%?y� ��? .B?d?/ ���.  Ds��-� �Dc ?-. �&/�� � yV S1$?B ?-,@�s/. D ���` ?� ?Fa ���?�B?-� ���|-BC� �M� c�/ �?z � yV-P/. $&/�� �4� . E Uz_V� A+�` �� ��T�-s WD�c� ?� ?Fa

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February 2019, Issue:16 www.inamtamil.com

��-�.-y�?�B?-� �?z � yVV� |?�v $&/�W%� �4��|-BC �� ��T�-r�� �s�.-� *%?M@�-� WD1BP ���PBC�a`. ��@��-?B �s�.-� 4B?z w�?� @ ��a U% �Dc ?-. �4� . E2 Uz_V� �F�sC�a`.

�� �V� PTe?-. 4FT/ �Dc?-. �4� . E Uz_V� $&/5W�-� �� ��T�-s WD $P/. (WD ��-�` �4.%? ?�B?-? �F�rc ��. ��/ ?� W ��-c��` ��T��FP �� . ��x-4� s�rc �� ��-�a�FTB?-� |rc Gc-P/). w���-��}r�@ ���-s ?-&,4-? ��W���?z �� . ��x�` ��-c��-?@ �rc�-M?�B?-� �?z *%?MBP/��-` AeP ?�?Fa ��-�.-y�?�B?-� �?z � yV D1$? |?�� c�/��-` *W��-�.-y�?�B?-� �&/�� 4-a-%+BP/ � .V� �� ��T�-s WD1$? w�� cCa`. ?�W�&/ �B? ��-�.-y�?z �Fa-BP a-?B ?-,@�s���-� �T��e?z *�Fu� �� w�W`C�a�. �F��-` ��-+y-�-&/ E1 ��a Uz_V� ?-,@�sCa`.

w�?�W�&� c��?�B?-� � ? �%/ �F��-` �?w��-P/. $?�� *%?y.-� 4B?z ?���aW ��4-XBC�a��. �Dc?-.W%� ��W� ��-�.-y�?�B?-� �&/�� *%?MBP/. A��?�vc� �Fa-BP a-? A+�� ��-�.-y�?�B?-� � ? �%/ �Ds/ P a� cC�a`. �Dc?-.W%� E2 Uz_V� �� �DJB ?-� ��W� ��-�.-y�?�c� �� ��T�-s WD2 wc� �4� . �F�sCa`. �Dc?-.W%� ��W� 4B?_� �DJB ? *%?MBC�a`.

�4�/ {+ ta@�-� {+ w�-&,W`c� $&-xC�a��-` ?�c- |-r�� ?�W�&/ ����?_~ c �+4-� 4rc � . ���/ ?-,@�sC�a` ���� �B ���+/ � &�c/ 1.5 ��_vaB ?-rsC�a`. *�� � ?V� 2010$/ $DsB?-� ?�W�& ��T�-s?�BP * 4�-� �+4-� �&e?z *ceC ���� � &U ���+4-T.

This is a reblog of Junjie’s post in Pinoys to Canada, January 19, 2015.

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February 2019, Issue:16 www.inamtamil.com

� &�c/: 1.5 �4F�� � &5� �+4-� 4rcW% � �|-BP/��-` ?�W �&W`BP �Fa � ?V� ���/ �+4-�/ w��-?B ?-,@�sC�a` ���` ��_�-? yePC�a`. *�� � ?V� �+4-� 4rc �&e?z �+4-T,

� The median income was $27,900 per year � The top 10% earners had incomes of over $80,400 � The top 5% earners had incomes of over $102,300 � The top 1% earners had incomes of over $191,100

$?�� ?�c- |-r�� ?�W�&W`BP �Fa � ?V� �+4-�/ *%?y� *�B?@�sC�a 4V �B ?-,.-/. A� � cv/ ¦BC *�4MB?-� 2010$/ $D�� ?�W�&W`BP �Fa � ?V.-� �&-�M �+4-� 4rc4-�` ���+/ � &U 1.6 A� ?-rc@�rszy`.

� &�c/: 1.6

�4F�� � &5��� ?�W�&/ *%?MW`B�?-Ds �����F�?F� �&-�M �+4-��/ *%?MW`B�?-Ds ����� � *��-XB?.-/.

4X� �.��W%� ���c� *�.` ��.v |� 4 $xv

�-c�- . rs .C {+�M� ?� W ��-c���- *�.` ��-� .@ ��T��- ��a ��4-�W%� ��-` ?�V� �4�/ ���s ��x�` �� w c�- �� $&-�/��-` A+ |� 4?�/ A+ ��.v?�/ ?-,@�sC�a�.

Cost: wc��� ��.v - UW�?e?z, ?rc,e?z ����Fu� �` ��.c@�s/ ��.v, ����@�� ��.v - ?� W ��-c&-4� ��-�� ��x` *�� �./ ��T/ �+4-�/ AdB?@�s/.

Benefits: �%�?-.W%� w�?�W�&/ w c ��-�.-y�?z ��-c��` w dB?B�� �4.%? ��?z ��a � ?V� �F�sCa`.

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February 2019, Issue:16 www.inamtamil.com

A` �,�%Fa ��� wc��-? �F�sCa`. *�-�` ?�¨MBP *�.` ��? .B?d?W%FP� ������-� �F�s/ }?�v@ ��T4% *�.` 4�4C��t $P/.

��+/�-.-� 4-,��?�BP A` 4C��t?&4-� ?-.4-P/. *%?4-� 4-,��?�BP U% 4-,��? y� ��%@��FP/ 4FT/ � � |c��B ??�BP/ ����@�/ *_B?@�sCa`. �����-+ ���rsW ��4-�W% �@ ��-.�� w�?� ��-c��` ��-c��-� ��4-�/ | c� a ��.v? y�/, |� 4? y�/ (��-`�-? ��u ��.v) �%�?-.W%� ��-c��` ��TC�a ��.v? y�/ |� 4? y�/ (��-`�-? ��-c��` ��T/ ��u |� 4?z) {@5rs $&-x�%��-� �eC�zy`. �?�?-. |� 4, �?�?-. ��.v �X� 4X� �.�� �y��tB?-? ?�B?-� ���r� � �4F�?-z�` *�W�4-��-P/. �?�?-. |� 4 < �?�?-. ��.v �X� ?�B?-� ���s ��Fa��-�a-?B ?-,@�s/. �4�/ w�?�V� ���s ��x�� ��-c��-� �4.%? yB?e? y ��FTB �?-z��FPB ���+/ � &�c/ 1.7A � �|-BP��-/.

� &�c/: 1.7

�4F�� � &�c4-�` �`@ �-e?-� �+4-�W% � 18 �%� �-c�- . rs .C ��@� cV� ��+C�a��?�BP/, 21 �%� ��@� cV� ��+C�a��?�BP/ �+C�a`. ?T@�-� �P% �4.%?4-� {+ 4-,�� AT%-? ���yv w dB? ���/ ��� �B ?-rsC�a`. �4� 4-� �a@�P%V� 0-BPB ��zy �P% ��? .B?d?W%� A+BC�a��-�` �F�rc � � ��.v?_�`/, �+4-�e?_�`/ ��T4%V �B ?-rsC�a`. � &�cW%��� A���.v?z, |� 4V �c �s�.-? wzy` �� �s�?-z �?-zy@�sC�a`. ��? .B?d?W%FP� �����- A� .- ��a ��4-�W% � ?T@U@ �P%V �

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February 2019, Issue:16 www.inamtamil.com

�4-W� �4� 4-� �a@�P%�c� {@5rs *u�` �?-zy.-/. ��.v |� 4 $x�-�` ��-�F�- . B ?rs��-? *�.` ��? .B?d?W �B ?rs��-? ��a �Dc?-.W ��4-�e?z �Fu ��� a-P/. AeP �?�?-. |c��B ? �%�?-. |c��B ?�` ����-BP w c�-?B ?-,@�sCa` ���`/ Pu@5cW�B?�-P/.

��B « ?-rs��

�eCV�, {+ �&.-FT@ �rc�-M �� ��yv w dB?B ���-? wzy`? 4X� �.��B �?-r�-r���� ?� 4FT/ ��-��� �F�s/ �VFt ��-�.-yM� wF�W%W%a � *%?M@� c� ��x�/. �4�/ ?� ��-� ���rsB �?-r�-s A�~�4-�T ?-,@�sC�a`. A`�� ��B « ?-rs�� �Fu �?-r�-c-P/. AB�?-r�-r���� ?� �|&�-? ��-�.-yM� �� . wF�W%BP �4.%?4-? �`/ �e?_@U� ��xrc-�/�c *%�� ��.v c ?�V� ���s ��x�` �PW�uv c` ��B Pu@5c@�sCa`. �&.-FT@ �rc�-M?z �eCV� �� ��+4yv �+4-�/ ��TC�a�� ��� � yBP��FP AB�?-r�-s *%?yvBP w�-? * 4.-/.

w�?� wF�W%W %a~BP �`/ �e?-Fa� . ��a �-�W% � |-/ �FTB �?-z��-?B ?+`��-/. 4X� ���r�.-� AW� ? w� ��. � �4F�?-z��FP ���� �-c�- . rs .P���?z $&/� ��. � Gs��xB�� � ?V� ���-T �� w�W%B �?-z��F?-? wT%@�sW� ���/? ��B « ?-rs�� �?-r�-r���� %a 4-� ��-�.-y�?z�-� �%�?-.W%� w� wF�W%W%a� w c��?z ��a ��B « �� . �deP�+BP *uBC�a��. w�?�-�` wF�-?�zy w� wF�W%W %a~ c ��-�.-y�? y ��_@� c-? * c-y/ ?-rsCa`. �T��e?z ��? .B?d?@ �rc�-M?�BPB �s�.-? ����/ �de?���/. ���X� *��?�y w� $Fa� � cW� ��-�.-y�?z �� �T��e?z wT%@�sW� ���/.

��_@� c-? * c-y/ ?Ds �?-z�/ ���� a, w� $Fa� ��Fa ��-�.-y�? y � � ��-�.-y�?_c�+�` ��T�sW`C�a`. P a�-� $Fa� w c ��-�.-y�?z �� ��? .B?d?/ ����%� .? ���`c� *��?�BP w�?� �deP/ � aV� �T��e? y *��?z �� �4-FT�%� .? A�FP A&Ds c?z wzy�. ��.-�`, P a�-� $Fa� w c ��-�.-y�?z tW% c�-�?z ��a |/5B ? A� .. ?�V.-� A&Ds ���rsB �?-r�-r�FP/ ��-&94-� {@br� � |-/ *��-XB?.-/. ?� ?F�` wF�W%W%a � *%?MB?� ��x�4-V� ��? .B?d?W`BP� ���a 4-,��?�BP �T��e?z w� ��V � �deP�� ��Ds/.

t. �T��e?z ��? .B?d? 4-,��?_� AT%@��r � ����FP ���� *��? y �� .BP *4�W`C�a�. A��-�T?z ��B « �-��-?B �?-r�-rsBP �%&-� �-? A��-T A+B?W �� �V� . ���X� ��_@� c-? * c-y/ ?Ds�?-z�/� a A���-+ � aV�/ ��F�sCa`. P a�-� $Fa� w c 4B?z ��? .B?d?/ ����%� . �� ��4-XB?.-/. *%?4-� 4B?z *��?_� ��-�� %a 4? y *u�` �?-zC�a 4-� ��? .B?d?W%� AT% �+cW%� A+BC�a��?z w�����t w c��?z �� �T��e?z |/5B ? �?-D�+B?.-/.

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?� (�? w��� 4rce?_.-�`) wF�W%W %a~BP ¬&yvBP �e?-FTC�a` ���` �-W%4-�`.   ?��-&-@ �VFt?z ���� � � �?_� ��_@� c-? * c-y/ ?-,� ��a��-+ c/ ?-,@�c.-/. ��-uV�, �rc/, 4FT/ �J?@�rce?z ���� �4xV�, �&.-T, 4FT/ *&t� ����Fu �c wF�W%W%a~BP *%?yv �e?-FTC�a�.

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• Ronald G. Ehrenbeerg and Robert S. Smith, 2012, “Modern Labor Economics”,Prarson Education, Pages - (280 - 317).

• Becker. Gary, 1975, “Human Capital, New York: National Bureau of Economic Research”.

• Schultz, Theodore, 1963, “The Economic Value of Educa- tion. New York”, Columbia University Press.

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• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_capital • https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/26076/economics/human-capital-definition-and-

importance • https://www.britannica.com/topic/human-capital • https://www.quora.com/Is-more-education-the-answer-to-making-more-money • https://handsonbanking.org/military/education/investing-education/more-education-more-

earning-power • https://business.financialpost.com/opinion/want-to-earn-more-money-get-a-good-education • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Canada • https://www.theguardian.com/education/2016/aug/18/gap-between-graduate-and-non-

graduate-wages-shows-signs-of-waning