Islam. Muslim. What is the first thing that comes to your mind after reading those words? Explain in...
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Islam. Muslim.
What is the first thing that comes to your mind after reading those words? Explain in complete sentences.
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33.32%
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Muslims in the world today
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1. Indonesia 183,000,000 6. Iran 62,000,000
2. Pakistan 134,000,000 7. Egypt 59,000,000
3. India 121,000,000 8. Nigeria 53,000,000
4. Bangladesh 114,000,000 9. Algeria 31,000,000
5. Turkey 66,000,000 10. Morocco 29,000,000
Arabs make up only 20% of the total Muslim population of the world.
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Name of religion Monotheistic or polytheisitic?
Name of God or gods Where was the religion started? By who?
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By 750 AD
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Arabic word – “giving oneself over to the will of God” Monotheistic religion
Founded by Muhammad Prophet of Allah (“the
God”) Followers of Islam =
Muslims
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Largest and richest city in western Arabia Supported by trade and religion
Traders on their way to Constantinople Pilgrims came to worship at Arabia’s holiest
shrine, the Ka’bah, that is filled with idols (many gods)
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1880
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1910
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Born in 570 A.D. and became a successful businessman
Upset with the way people lived Selfishness – gambling, drinking, corruption in
Mecca Angel Gabriel visited him = revelation
(vision) Began to preach about one God, Allah Saw life as a preparation for the Day of
Judgment
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Rich people felt threatened No more pilgrims will visit Mecca and buy their goods
Started to persecute Muhammad Fled to Yathrib [Madina] in 622 (“Year of
Migration”) First year of Muslim calendar
630 – peaceful takeover of Mecca 632 – Muhammad dies
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Muslim scriptures Direct word of God to
Muhammad Written in Arabic
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The Quran describes five duties all Muslims must fulfill
Shahada Salat Zakat Sawm Hajj
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Profession of Faith Muslims must recite “There is no God but
Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet.”
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Prayer Muslims must pray
five times a day, facing Mecca Dawn, noon, late
afternoon, sunset, evening
Mosque – Muslim house of worship
Imam – prayer leader
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Charity Muslims believe that all things belong to God Muslims must give 2.5% of their income
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Fasting Must fast each year from sunrise to sunset
during the holy month of Ramadan Ramadan – ninth month of the Muslim lunar
calendar
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Pilgrimage Each Muslim must
travel to Mecca two months after Ramadan at least once in his/her lifetime
2-3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage every year.
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Do Now: Is it important to have faith? Why or why
not?
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The Arab Empire Group of Muslims chose a new leader whom
they called caliph, which means “successor” Abu Bakr: first caliph after Muhammad’s
death Bakr and the next three were elected for life
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Caliphs Ruled from Madina head of the Muslim community and his
primary responsibility was to continue in the path of the Prophet Muhammad
Rightly Guided Caliphs: first 4 caliphs Carried Islam to other peoples
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Expansion Sent warriors to surrounding areas
Palestine, Syria, Iraq, Persia, Egypt, North Africa Successful because:
Islam was the common goal The way they treated the people that they
conquered
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The Umayyads (661-750 A.D.) Moved the capital from Madina to Damascus From this time on, the title of caliph was
hereditary Ruled more like kings
Recognized government
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Umayyad Accomplishments Arabic=official
language Minted first Arab
money Horseback postal
routes Irrigation canals Beautiful mosques
and arts
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Islamic Schism (split)
Sunni Shia
-Larger group
-Followed Rightly Guided
Caliphs
-Smaller group
-Believed caliphs should be
descendents of Ali (Muhammad’s son-
in-law)
-Pillars of Islam
-recognize each other as Muslims
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The Abbasids (750-1258 A.D.) 750 A.D.: defeated the Umayyads and
became new rulers of the Arab Empire Golden Age of Islam = first 100 years in
power Built a new capital…Baghdad
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The Abbasids Arabic language and Islamic religion
remained Vizier: chief advisor
took charge of running the empire Did not try to conquer Baghdad = major trading center
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Changing Empire Interest in Greek science and philosophy Advanced farming methods Practical math Increasing trade Everday life
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Golden Age of Muslim Spain Muslim Arabs + Berbers = Moors defeated the West Goths Set up a kingdom that allowed religious
freedom Beautiful architecture
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Islamic Life Islam attempted to “right the wrongs”
Marriage Raising female child guaranteed a reward in Paradise
Property Women entitled to half of husband’s wealth
Education Both obligated to seek knowledge
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Arab Contributions Common language of Arabic – promote
sharing of knowledge Chemistry Astronomy
Moon affects tides, size of Earth Mathematics – algebra Medicine
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Arab Contributions The Arts
The Arabian Nights and Rubaiyat
Art is distinct and full of color Geometric designs,
flowers, leaves, stars
History
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Islamic Republic Form of theocracy Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan
Turkey Algeria Pakistan
Azerbaijan Uzbekistan