CUDA Programming. Floating Point Operations for the CPU and the GPU.
Introduction to the CPU Introduction to the CPU Main Operations of the CPU Main Operations of the...
-
Upload
dortha-austin -
Category
Documents
-
view
228 -
download
0
Transcript of Introduction to the CPU Introduction to the CPU Main Operations of the CPU Main Operations of the...
THE CPU
Contents
Introduction to the CPU Main Operations of the CPU
Explanation of Operations Main components of the CPU What determines a CPU’s performance, w
hat to look for, for a fast CPU. CPU Comparison table CPU Comparison chart
Mr. Clarkson Talks About... The CPU (for GCSE Computing)
Introduction to the CPU
The CPU is the portion of the computer system that carries out instructions of a computer program, to perform the basic arithmetical, logical, and input and output operations of the system. It acts as the BRAIN OF THE COMPUTER
Operations
The fundamental operation of most CPUs, regardless of the physical form they take, is to execute a sequence of stored instructions called a program. The instructions are kept in some kind of computer memory. There are three steps that nearly all CPUs use in their operation: fetch, decode, and execute
The three steps Fetch- Gets next program instruction from the
computer’s memory Decode- Figure out what the program is telling
the computer to do Execute- Perform the requested action Write-back (Store)- Write (store) the results to a
register or to memory
Main Components of the CPU
The ALUMicroprocessor:.
Registers- Stores the most frequently used instructions and data
Arithmetic-Logic unit- Performs arithmetic or logical operations
Accepts digital data as input, processes it according to instructions stored in its memory, and provides results as output.
What determines a CPUs performance?• Data bus width- The number of pathways
within the CPU that transfers data (8, 16, 32, 64)
• Word size- The maximum number of bits of data that the CPU can process at a time (8 bits, 16 bits, 32 bits, 64 bits)
• Operations per cycle (clock speed)- The number of clock cycles per second measured in Megahertz (MHz) or Gigahertz (GHz)
Specifications:
Clock Speed: 1.0 GHz
System / Front Side Bus Speed: 133 MHz
Level 1 Cache: 16K Instruction + 16K data
Level 2 Cache: 256 KB
CPU Comparison table
CPU GenerationProcess Number
Data/Address
GP Register Memory Internal
Technology transistorsBus width
(bits)width (bits) Bus speed Clock speed
Intel 8080 1st 6.0 microns 6 000 8 /16 82 MHz 2 MHz
Intel 8088 1st 3.0 microns 29 000 8 / 16 164.77-8 MHz 4.77-8 MHz
Intel 8086 1st 3.0 microns 29 000 16 / 20 164.77-8 MHz 4.77-8 MHz
Intel 80286 2nd 1.5 microns 134 000 16 / 24 166-20 MHz 6-20 MHz
Intel 80388 DX
3rd1.5 / 1.0 microns
275 000 32 / 32 3216-33 MHz 16-33 MHz
Intel 80386 SX
3rd1.5 / 1.0 microns
275 000 16 / 32 3216-33 MHz 16-33 MHz
Intel 80486 DX
4th 1.0 microns 1.2 million 32 / 32 3225-50 MHz 25-50 MHz
Intel 80486 DX2
4th 0.8 microns 1.2 million 32 / 32 3225-40 MHz 50-80 MHz
AMD 5x86 4th0.35 microns
1.2 million 32 / 32 3233 MHz 133 MHz
Intel Pentium 5th
0.8-0.0.35 microns
3.1 million 64 / 32 3260-66 MHz 60-200 MHz(P5/P54C)
Cyrix 6x86 (M1)
5th 0.6 microns 3.0 million 64 / 32 3250-75 MHz100-150 MHz(P120-200)
CPU Comparison chart
Inte
l 8080
Inte
l 8088
Inte
l 8086
Inte
l 80286
Inte
l 80388 D
X
Inte
l 80386 S
X
Inte
l 80486 D
X
Inte
l 80486 D
X2
AM
D 5
x86
Inte
l Penti
um
Cyri
x 6
x86 (
M1)0
50
100
150
200
250
CPU
Inte
rnal C
lock s
peed
(M
Hz)
Mr. Clarkson Talks About... The CPU (for GCSE Computing)