DMEDME - in Heavy Duty Diesel Enginesin Heavy Duty Diesel Engines

Henrik Landälv Volvo Powertrain Corporation

at EffShip seminarEffShip seminar

2010-11-16

ContentContent

- Introduction - The drivers for alternative fuels

DME f t- DME features- Volvo DME history

- DME technology for heavy duty vehicles

-Conclusions

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 22010-11-16

The drivers for future fuelsThe drivers for future fuels

• Climate gas emissions D l ti f• Depletion of energy sources

• Security of energy supply y gy pp y• Exhaust emissions • Urbanization •• …

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 32010-11-16

Emission levels - overview PM

(g/kWh)

Euro 2 (95/96)

0,15

US 04 US 98

0,10

Euro III (00/01)

US 10

,

Japan pPNLT (13?)

Japan pNLT (09/10)

US 10

Tier IV-B (14)

US 07

pPNLT (13?)

Euro VI(12/13)

NOx (g/kWh)Euro IV (05/06)

Euro v (08/09)

0,02

0,01

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 42010-11-16

7,05,03,52,00,70,25 0,4

DME has the highest land use efficiencyRME

Ethanol f wheat

Ethanol f wood- European conditions

S V lEthanol f wood

Synthetic diesel from wood

- Source: Volvo

Synthetic Diesel - black liquor

DME / Methanol - wood

DME / Methanol - black liquor

km / ha year20000 4000 6000 8000 10000Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 52010-11-16

km / ha year20000 4000 6000 8000 10000

Relative energy densityRelative energy density

PRESSURE [bar][ ]

FUEL 1 5 200 700

Diesel 100 - - -

DME 0 17 55DME 0.17 55 - -

Methane 0.10 0.50 20 52

Hydrogen 0.03 0.20 5.8 13

LNG (-163C) 61 - - -

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 62010-11-16

DME as energy carrierDi-Methyl EtherDME

gy

CH3-O-CH3

• A multi source and multi purpose fuel• High well to wheel energy efficiency • High yields of transport work per hectare and year

S it bl h d i• Suitable as hydrogen carrier• Infrastructure and safety similar to LPG• An ideal fuel for the efficient diesel process• An ideal fuel for the efficient diesel process • Potential for ultra low exhaust emissions and reduced noise• Non toxic and environmentally benignVolvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 72010-11-16

Non toxic and environmentally benign

Historic i tpicture

gallery

2007

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 82010-11-16

CO2 neutral transportsCO2 neutral transports … with biomass derived fuels

BiogasSyntheticdieselFAME DME Biogas

+FAMEMethanol or

Ethanol Biogas+H2

Brochure available

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 92010-11-16

3 trucks for DME4 in Stockholm 10-09-06

06.30 Göteborg06 30 Götebo g

14.30 Stockholm

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 102010-11-16

ContentContent

- Introduction - The drivers for alternative fuels

DME f t- DME features- Volvo DME history

- DME technology for heavy duty vehicles

-Conclusions

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 112010-11-16

DME handling

• Vehicle filling with DME coded spill free MannTek couplingspill free MannTek coupling

• Lubricity and odorant additives mixed in when loading the DME trailer

Additiv bottle + couplings

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 122010-11-16

DME technology for heavy duty trucks• A modified diesel truck• Preserved engine efficiency • Increased transient torque q• Meets regulated emissions with

less exhaust after treatment • Reduced noise

Engine control unit

DME fuel

EngineDME injector HP pump

DME tank system incl. control unit

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DME technology for HD trucksgy

f

400 bar pump

Piping and filters

Two pumps increase the pressure with ~8bar

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DME engine development g p- improvements from endurance testing

DME injector valve seats modified• DME injector valve seats modified• Improved material in exhaust valves

BPG #0928001

DME injector detail

1 mm

Exhaust ValvesDME engine in test cell

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 152010-11-16

Exhaust ValvesDME engine in test cell

Features of 3G DME truckFeature Actual CommentB i 13 lit 6 lBase engine 13 litre, 6-cylFuel supply Common railRated power 440 hpRated power 440 hpEmission control EGR, Ox-cat No DPF and no SCR system

National permit( )Emission level Euro V EEV (Very low PM emissions)

Fuel consumption ~ diesel eq.~ 800 km with larger tanks

Range (40ton) ~ 400 km 800 km with larger tanks

for later field test vehiclesDrive by noiseTarget 80 dBA) 77 6 dBA

Combustion and engine noise are noticeably lowerTarget 80 dBA) 77,6 dBA noise are noticeably lower

Start torque improvedLow rev torque not limited by smoke emissions

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 162010-11-16

Combustion chamber optimizationp• At low NOx conditions

CO is the major 60

jemission from a DME fuelled engine Diesel piston, ∅8940

50

O [g

/kW

h]

• DME adapted pistons result in significantly lower CO even at

20

30

Spec

ific

CO

lower CO even at same NOx-level

DME piston, ∅920

10

S

• Larger flame/air interface

00 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

Specific NOx [g/kWh]

Euro VIEuro VI

Results from Chalmers PhD project”DME in the Diesel process”

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 172010-11-16

DME in the Diesel process

ConclusionsConclusions

- DME has good fit to the “drivers” for alternative fuels

DME l l l k th t f t bli h d- DME largely lacks the support from established economic interests

- DME simplifies diesel engine technology at today’s and future emission levels

- DME in diesel process is soon ready to move from advanced engineering to commercial applications

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 182010-11-16

Thank you!y

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 192010-11-16