Heredity The passing of traits from parents to offspring The traits you have resemble your parents...
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Transcript of Heredity The passing of traits from parents to offspring The traits you have resemble your parents...
![Page 1: Heredity The passing of traits from parents to offspring The traits you have resemble your parents These traits can include ◦ Eye color ◦ Shape.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfd41a28abf838cacb89/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Heredity The passing of traits from parents to offspring The traits you have resemble your parents These traits can include ◦ Eye color ◦ Shape.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfd41a28abf838cacb89/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Heredity
The passing of traits from parents to offspring
The traits you have resemble your parents
These traits can include ◦ Eye color◦ Shape of Eyes◦ Color of your hair◦ Height
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Gregor Mendel
Mendel: Austrian Monk, Father of Genetics
Genetics- branch of biology focusing on heredity
Crossed pea plants, counted offspring , analyzed data
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Why are pea plants useful for genetics?
1. Traits exist in 2 opposing forms, without intermediates
2. Have male and female organs Easily control mating (self- fertilization or
cross-pollination)
3. Small, grow easily and quickly, produce many offspring
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![Page 6: Heredity The passing of traits from parents to offspring The traits you have resemble your parents These traits can include ◦ Eye color ◦ Shape.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfd41a28abf838cacb89/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Monohybrid Cross
Monohybrid Cross: Involves one pair of contrasting traits
For Example: ◦ Crossing a plant with purple flowers
and a plant with white flowers
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True Breeding
Step 1: Mendel wanted to create a “Parental generation” also called the “P” generation
True Breeding: Self pollinated pea plants so all the offspring would display only one form of the trait
Ex: A purple flowering plant only produces purple flowers
Why would this be important?
![Page 8: Heredity The passing of traits from parents to offspring The traits you have resemble your parents These traits can include ◦ Eye color ◦ Shape.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfd41a28abf838cacb89/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Mendel’s Study of Traits – Step 2
F1 Generation
Step 2: Cross pollinated two P generation plants (Purple and White flowers)
Called the offspring from the P generation the F1 generation (First)
Results: All were purple flowers
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F2 Generation
Step 3: The F1 Generation self pollinated.
The offspring from the F1 generation was called the F2 generation
Results: Three purple flowers, one white flower
![Page 10: Heredity The passing of traits from parents to offspring The traits you have resemble your parents These traits can include ◦ Eye color ◦ Shape.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfd41a28abf838cacb89/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What were the results of the F1 Generation?
What were the results of the F2 generation?
What should Mendel’s conclusion be?
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![Page 12: Heredity The passing of traits from parents to offspring The traits you have resemble your parents These traits can include ◦ Eye color ◦ Shape.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfd41a28abf838cacb89/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Give one reason why pea plants are good subjects for genetic experiments
Why was it important that Mendel performed true breeding for the P generation?
What did Mendal call each generation?
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Mendel’s Hypotheses
1. Individuals inherit 2 copies of each gene (trait)- one from each parent◦ Gametes carry only one allele for
each inherited trait 2. Alleles- different
contrasting versions of each gene (one from each parent)
Ex: Brown eyes vs. Blue eyes
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Mendel’s Hypotheses
3. When 2 different alleles are present the Dominant one is expressed
4. Recessive- trait that’s not expressed when the dominant allele is present
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Genetics Terms
In the following gentoype which letter represents the dominate gene?
Which letter represents the recessive gene?
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Genetics Terms
Homozygous- 2 alleles of a gene are the same
(PP or pp) Heterozygous- if the 2 alleles
for a gene are different (Pp)◦ Only the dominant allele is
expressed (masks the recessive allele)
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Genetics Terms
Genotype- allele combinations (genes)◦ Ff- Heterozygous◦ FF- Homozygous dominant◦ ff- Homozygous recessive
Phenotype: is the physical appearance of the trait
Ex: If “B” equals brown eyes and the genotype is Bb the phenotype (expressed trait) would be Brown eyes
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Whiteboards – Quick Questions
What would be the genotype for an individual heterozygous for the “F” trait? Ff
What would be the phenotype for an individual whose genotype is Tt where T is tall and t is short? Tall
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Whiteboards – Quick Questions
Give an example of a heterozygous trait Ex: Ff
Give an example of a homozygous trait Ex: FF, ff
What would be the genotype for an individual heterozygous for the “F” trait? Ff
What would be the phenotype for an individual whose genotype is Tt where T is tall and t is short? Tall
![Page 21: Heredity The passing of traits from parents to offspring The traits you have resemble your parents These traits can include ◦ Eye color ◦ Shape.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfd41a28abf838cacb89/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Laws of Heredity
Law of segregation
1. Law of Segregation: Allele’s separate during meiosis to produce gametes
F1 generation (zygote) has allele’s for each trait by both parents
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Law of Independent Assortment
2. Law of Independent Assortment: Alleles of genes separate independently of one another during gamete formation
Ex: Alleles for plant height separate independently of the alleles for flower color
Results: The inheritance of one trait does not influence the inheritance of another – COMPLETELY SEPARATE
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What is the Law of Segregation?
What is the Law of Independent Assortment?
Identify the phenotypes of rabbits with the genotypes Bb and bb, where B- black coat and b- brown coat.