- GRAM +VE BACTERIA:- 1- Staphylococcus aureus 2- Streptococcus agalactiae 3- Streptococcus dysgalactiae

BACTERIAL CAUSE *GRAM +VE BACTERIA 1-Staphylococcus aureus Taxonomic lineage Kingdom: Eubacteria Phylum: Firmicutes Class: Bacilli Order: Bacillales Family: Staphylococcaceae Genus: Staphylococcus Species : S. aureusMORPHOLOGY Gram-positive coccus grape-like clusters golden-yellow coloniesPATHOGENICITY 1-HAEMATOGENIC PATHWAY 2-LOCAL

Lab. DiagnosisSAMPLING MILK SAMPLEA-MediaBROTH MEDIA:- produce turbidityNUTRIANT AGAR :- produce smooth rounded golden yellow coloniesBLOOD AGAR :- produce clear zones of b haemolysisMANNITOL SALT AGARPOLYMYXIN AGARVOGOL JOHNSON MEDIAB-Biochemical identificationcatalase :-positivecoagulase test :-positivelipase :-a yellow color and rancid odor smellDNAse :-zone of clearance on nutrient agarphosphatase :-a pink colorC-Virulence factors:-Toxins:-Pyrogenic toxin superantigensExfoliative toxinsStaphylococccal toxins that act on cell membranes include alpha-toxin, beta-toxin, delta-toxinTreatmentpenicillinase IS PRODUCED SO PENICLLIN NOT USEDmethacillin

2- Streptococcus agalactiaeTaxonomic lineage:Kingdom: Bacteria. Phylum: Firmicutes. Class: Bacilli. Order: Lactobacillales. Family: Streptococcaceae. Genus: Streptococcus. Species: Streptococcus agalactiae group Groups: A,C &GMorphology:Gram-positive cocciNon motileNon spore formingAanaerobic & facultative anaerobicPathogenisis: Streptococcus agalactiae breaks the natural barriers of the udder, enters the teat canal, and ascends in the milk through the quarter

Lab. Diagnosis: 1-Sampling: milk sample MILK SAMPLE 2-Direct Electron Microscope 3-Isolation&Identification:A-Media: 1- Liquid media 2- blood agar media 3- MacConkey agar: 4- Biochemical Identification: 1-Catalase: -ve. 2-Coagulase: -ve 3- Esculin reaction: -ve. 4- Hippurate hydrolysis test:+ve 5- CAMP Test

Treatment Penicillin

Streptococcus dysgalactiae Kingdom: Bacteria.  Phylum: Firmicutes. Class: Bacilli.  Order: Lactobacillales.  Family: Streptococcaceae. Genus: Streptococcus.   Species: Streptococcus dysgalactiae Morphology Gram-positive cocci long chains in growth medium non motile non spore forming anaerobic & facultative anaerobicPathogenisis Streptococcus dysgalactiae breaks the natural barriers of the udder, enters the teat canal, and ascends in the

milk through the quarter

Lab. diagnosis: A-Media: 1-Liquid media 2-Solid media 3-Blood agar: 4-Selective media 5- Edward’s media 6- bile esculin agar 7-MacConkey’s agar 8- Growth media containing 6% NaCl.

B- Biochemical identification 1-Catalase: -ve. 2-Coagulae: -ve. 3-Peroxidase: -ve. 4-Nitrate reductase: -ve 5-Camp test: -ve 6-Vogus Proskauer: -ve 7-Arginine reaction; +ve.

C- Antigenic structure Bacterial superantigens are protein toxins with an ability to cause serious diseases in animals by activating a large number of T cells. Crystal structure of S. dysgalactiae-derived mitogen (SDM) showed that it is a novel superantigen that is distinct from other known superantigens based on phylogenetic analysis.

Treatment Penicillin

GRAM-VE BACTERIA:- 1- Escherichia coli Phylum: Proteobacteria Order: Enterobacteriales Family: Enterobacteriaceae Genus : Escherichia

Species: E. coli

MORPHOLOGY Gram-negative facultative anaerobic non-sporulating.

pathogenicity Escherichia coli causes inflammation of the mammary gland in dairy cows around parturition and during early lactation with striking local and sometimes severe

Lab. Diagnosis A-Media

E. coli OD Media• Rich growth media• Easy to handle• High isotopic purity• Require minimal optimization adjustments• Ensure high expression yields B-Lab diagnosis1)cultivation onBlood agar: hemolysis or non hemolysis.Mac Conkey agar : bright pink coloniesEosin methylene blue agar2)microscopical examination test Gram (-ve) _:medium in size_:singly arranged_:Non sporulated

c- Biochemical test

a)oxidase : (-ve). b)Urease activity : (-ve). c)Catalase :(+ve).d)Nitrate reduction :(+ve).

(IMVC test) a)indole production (+ve). b)methyle red test : (+ve). c) Vogus Proskauer: (-ve). d)citrate utilization test :(-ve).

TREATMENT amoxicillin

B.FUNGAL CAUSE:- 1-Aspergillus Kingdom:Fungi Phylum:Ascomycota Class:Eurotiomycetes Order:Eurotiales Family:Trichocomaceae Genus:Aspergillusaerobic : fungi grow on carbon-rich substratesLABORATORY DIAGNOSIS SAMPLING:- MILK SAMPLE a)Direct microscope examination b) isolation and identification Treatment Removal of blockages in reaction and improvement of cell respiration Modulation of the immune system Cleansing of the bacteriological soil

Cryptococcus neoformansMorphology - C .neoformans grows well at 37˚C - sabouraud dextrose agar - appears as soft , creamy , opaque colony in 3-5 days - becomes mucoid and creamy to tan

Pathogenesis Mastitis is the most comman infecation in catall ,which is characterized by hardness and swelling of theaffected quarters and grayish white secreations.

Laboratory diagnosis A-Sampling : milk sample B-Direct microscopic examination +ve samples stained with India ink C-Culture characters - Culture onto sabouraud dexterose agar without cycloheximide, incubated 37ºC - Show creamy moist colonies.Bown coloured colonies are clear on Niger_seed medium. - fermentation :noneD-Biochemical reacations - nitrogen assimilation : nitrate:-ve tryptone:+ve - carbon assimilation : Glucose : +ve Galacatose : +ve Maltose : +ve Lactose :-ve Sucrose : +ve Cellobiose : +/w Raffinose : +/w Inuline :- ve D-xylose : +veTREATMENT IMIDAZOLS

Candida albicansMorphology - sabouraud dextrose agar - C. albicans developes within 24 to 48 h - raised creamy ,opaque colonies of 1-2 mm in diameter Pathogenesis C. albicans is normally present in small numbers in female genital tract . The colonization - is aided by the ability of C. albicans to adhere to mucosal cells .Laboratory diagnosisA- sampling : milk sample.B- Direct microscopic examination : of 10% KOH preparation or stained films by Gram,PAS.etc. C-Culture characters : -Culture onto sabouraud dexterose agarD-Biochemical reacations: fermentation : Glucose : +ve Galacatose : + ve Maltose : +ve Lactose :- ve Sucrose: +/- Cellobiose : -ve Raffinose: - ve Inuline :- ve Assimilation : Glucose : +ve Galacatose : +ve Maltose : +ve Lactose :-ve Sucrose : +ve Cellobiose : -ve Raffinose : - ve Inuline :- /+ Starch : +ve D-xylose : +veTREATMENT IMIDAZOLS